24
More about op+miza+on UBC Math 102

More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    0

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

More  about  op+miza+on  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 2: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Course  Calendar:  Quiz  today  

•     

You  are  here  

Page 3: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Announcements  

•  How  to  study  for  my  midterms?  – Try  out  prac+ce  problems  and  more  problems..  Some  in  course  notes,  some  on  webwork  

– Try  out  “test  type  problems”  posted  at  the  end  of  each  of  my  lecture  slides  

– Go  over  concepts  you  had  trouble  with  – Prac+ce  your  basic  skills:  algebra,  rules  of  differen+a+on,  graphing  

– Go  over  HW  problems/quiz  problems  you  had  trouble  with  UBC    Math  102  

Page 4: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Mathletes:  

•  You  goSa  get  into  the  water  to  learn  to  “swim”  

•  Math  is  not  a  spectator  sport  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 5: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

More  op+miza+on  

The  growth  rate  (births  per  unit  +me)  and  the  mortality  rate  (deaths  per  unit  +me)  depend  on  popula+on  size  x.    Net  growth  rate  =  growth  rate  -­‐  mortality  rate    

Page 6: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

From  last  +me:  Type  I,  II,  III  predator  responses  

•  C.  S.  “Buzz”  Holling  hSps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._S._Holling  

hSps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Func+onal_response    

Page 7: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Which  of  these  statements  are  true?  Type  I,  II,  III  predator  responses  

(A) Type  I:  give  me  more!  I’m  always  hungry!  (B) Type  III  predators  will  con+nue  to  eat  prey  at  a  

rate  propor+onal  to  the  prey  density  (C) Type  II  Predators  have  trouble  finding  their  prey  

at  low  densi+es.  (D)   Type  I:  I  can’t  eat  any  more!  (I’m  too  full).  (E)  Type  II:  I  get  hungry  around  Midnight.  

Page 8: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Ladybugs  ea+ng  aphids  M.  P.  Hassell,  J.  H.  Lawton  and  J.  R.  Beddington    (1977)  Sigmoid  Func+onal  Responses  by  Invertebrate  Predators  and  Parasitoids  J  Animal  Ecology,  46,  (1977),  249-­‐26  

   hSps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTnTWre488s    

 

UBC    Math  102  

Page 9: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Last  week:  Find  the  prey  density  such  that  P(x)=G(x)  

                   growth  rate                                        mortality  rate            Find  the  popula+on  size  x  such  that  F(x)  is  as  small  as  possible.  (Note:  F(x)  can  be  nega+ve.)  

Now:  minimize  Net  Growth  Rate          F(x)=  G(x)-­‐P(x)  

Page 10: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Detailed  set-­‐up  X=  aphid  popula+on  P(x)  =  preda+on  mortality            =    (number  of  aphids  eaten  per  hour)  G(x)  =    reproduc+on  rate    (number  of  aphids  born  per  hour)    

Sketch  the  func+on  F(x)=  G(x)  –  P(x).  

Page 11: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Sketch  the  func+on  F(x)=G(x)-­‐P(x)  

•  My  sketch  looks  like:        (A)    (B)                                  (C)        (D)  

Page 12: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

My  sketch  looks  like:  

•  Both  func+ons:  

•  Subtrac+ng:  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 13: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Minimiza+on  

We  found  out  (in  class)  that  this  calculus  problem  leads  to  a  4th  order  equa+on  in  x,  so  we  abandoned  this  problem  to  make  +me  for  the  quiz.  However,  we  can  easily  do  a  closely  related  problem  with    “Type  II”  predator,  that  is  for  preda+on  mortality  given  by  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 14: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Revised  problem:  Find  the    popula+on  x  for  which  Net  Growth  Rate  F(x)=G(x)-­‐P(x)  is  as  small  as  possible  where        Based  on  sketch,  expect  a  local  min  for  F(x).  

Page 15: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Deriva+ve  and  cri+cal  points  

   

UBC    Math  102  

Page 16: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Cri+cal  pts,  con+nued  

   

UBC    Math  102  Based  on  sketch,  this  is  a  local  min.  It  turns  out  (see  graph)  that  F  is  nega+ve,  so  that  the  aphids  are  dying  at  a  faster  rate  than  being  born  at  this  popula+on  density  

Page 17: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Sketch  the  graph  of  the  following  func+on  using  calculus  

       (We  did  not  have  +me  to  do  this  in  class  in  detail.  Try  it  for  yourself,  then  see  the  solu+on  on  following  slides.)  

UBC    Math  102  

Page 18: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Overall  sketch  

     

UBC    Math  102  

Page 19: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Cri+cal  points  

•     

UBC    Math  102  

Page 20: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Type  of  cri+cal  points:  

     

UBC    Math  102  

Page 21: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Actual  graph:  

•     

UBC    Math  102  

Page 22: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Related  problem  

     

Page 23: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Related  test  problems  (2014  MT2)  

A  farmer  is  building  a  rectangular  enclosure  for  a  pemng  zoo.  She  wants  the  enclosure  to  have  an  area  of  100  m2  and  as  large  a  perimeter  as  possible.  For  the  comfort  of  the  animals,  both  the  width  and  the  length  of  the  enclosure  should  be  no  less  then  to  2  m.  What  is  the  maximum  possible  perimeter?      

UBC    Math  102  

Solu+on  

Page 24: More%aboutop+mizaon%keshet/M102/2015/Lect5.3.pdf · More%op+mizaon% The%growth%rate%(births%per%unit+me)% and%the% mortality%rate%(deaths%per%unit+me) dependon populaon%size%x.% %

Solu+on