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AFRICAN MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY CENTRE
Migrating out of Poverty Stakeholders Meeting
AMADPOC
4/1/2012
This stakeholders’ consultative forum was convened to deliberate on issues pertaining
to migration-poverty interplay in Kenya through an inaugural one-year rural-urban
migration project. The seminar hosted stakeholders drawn from ministries/institutions
of the Government of Kenya, policymakers, NGO and civil society activists, researchers,
personnel of civic authorities, development partners and other actors in migration and
development.
2
STAKEHOLDERS’ SEMINAR ON ‘MIGRATING OUT OF POVERTY IN KENYA’
KISUMU HOTEL, KISUMU, 26-27 APRIL 2012
The seminar was convened by the African Migration and Development Policy Centre
(AMADPOC), which is one of the five regional Core Partners in the ‘Migrating out of Poverty’
Research Programme Consortium (MOP/RPC) coordinated by the RPC Secretariat at the
University of Sussex in the United Kingdom through the generous support of the UK’s
Department for International Development (DFID).
The main objective of the seminar was to provide an opportunity for the stakeholders to
deliberate on issues pertaining to migration-poverty interplay in Kenya, bringing together
stakeholders drawn from ministries/institutions of the Government of Kenya (GOK),
policymakers, representatives of NGOs and civil society organisations, researchers, personnel of
civic authorities, development partners and other actors in migration and development.
After officially opening the seminar, the Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Maseno University, Prof.
Onyango shared a few thoughts on his perspective on migration. He broke down the
phenomenon of migration as follows:
Step by step (for instance a migrant will move to the urban area within a district, then to
a province and then to a major city before moving out of the country.
There is migration from areas with conflict as in the cases of Sudan and Somalia.
International migration e.g. from UK to Africa and vice versa is an important form of
movement.
Migration is dynamic and currently as currently Kenya is experiencing the reverse
migration trends; soon more people will be migrating from urban to rural areas.
He emphasized Maseno University’s interest in the impending research as it is keen to partner
with other institutions/organizations to formulate policies and engage in capacity building.
Welcome Address, Introductions and Objectives of the Seminar
Prof. Oucho, the founder and Executive Director of AMADPOC welcomed all the participants.
He mentioned that AMADPOC was established as a ‘social remittance’; as an institution poised
to provide a lead in migration and development building a bridge between academia and
policymaking. He gave a brief outline of AMADPOC’s strategic plan and the seminars held to
date.
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Vision is ‘recognition of the role of migration policy and development policy, inter-ethnic
relations and other spheres of national as well as international development, intra-regional
harmony and interdependence within a globalizing world in which diversity calls for viable
South-North and South-South partnerships.
Mission: AMADPOC aims to deepen viable international partnerships embedded research in
society and build capacity of African countries in the corridors of research institutions, national
governments and inter-governmental cooperation with development partners on migration and
development issues affecting them individually and in South-North and South-South relations.
Mandate: service to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with special focus on the Greater Horn of Africa
(GHA)
Programme Areas:
Research and Data Hub (RDH);
Training and Capacity Building (TCB);
Policy Dialogue and Networking (PDN); and
Resource Centre (RC).
AMADPOC’s seminar series:
- First Seminar: “Needs Assessment of Migration and Development Challenges in the
Greater Horn of Arica (GHA)”. Attended by academics policymakers, diplomats,
development partners
- Regional Meeting on ‘Migrating out of Poverty’ in the Greater Horn of Africa for (a)
Research Associates and (b) Boundary Partners
- Second Seminar: “Stakeholders’ Seminar on Migrating out of Poverty in Kenya” – a
component of the global MOP/RPC for Research Associates and Boundary Partners.
Focus of the Seminar:
i. Understanding rural-urban migration in Kenya’s evolution and devolved governance;
ii. Factors influencing rural out-migration;
iii. Factors influencing urban in-migration;
iv. Perspectives of rural and urban poverty and poverty-reduction strategies; and
v. Beneficiaries of the research at the research sites and across the stakeholders
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Researchers: Prof. John O. Oucho Team Leader (AMADPOC)
Dr. Charles O. Olungah (IAGAS/UoN – Lead Researcher);
Mr. George Odipo (PSRI/UoN);
Dr. Linda Oucho (AMADPOC) – in absentia
The expected outcome of the seminar:
• Expose the participants to AMADPOC’s engagement in the MOP/RPC in Eastern Africa,
the first main research activity beginning with rural-urban migration in Kenya against
the backdrop of untenable theoretical frameworks and perceptions.
• Provide an opportunity for the diverse migration and development stakeholders to
acquaint themselves with what the impending research entails.
• Create an opportunity for the stakeholders of migration and development to review
methodological approaches and issues to be investigated through respective data-
collection approaches, identifying gaps to fill and unnecessary information to exclude.
• Open a window of opportunity to vent on the impact of rural-urban migration on either
poverty reduction or aggravation at various levels in both origins and destinations.
• Provide a platform for recommendations to the research team to address pertinent
concerns that would ensure success of the research project.
PLENARY SESSIONS:
Topic
Facilitator
1. Migrating out of Poverty: Research and research uptake Ms. Angela Haynes
2. Rural-Urban Migration in the Research Sites: perspectives
from Population Censuses
Dr. Alfred A. Otieno
3. The Research Questions at the Origins of Rural-Urban
Migration
Mr. George Odipo
4. Rural out-Migration to urban uncertainties in Kenya:
Gender imperatives
Dr. Linda A. Oucho
5. Understanding Fisher Peoples, Migration and Poverty
Reduction
Nyang’ori Ohenjo
6. Qualitative Data Collection Approaches for the project Dr. Charles O. Olungah
7. The Research Questions at the Origins of Rural-Urban
Migration
Mr. George Odipo
8. Research Uptake Ms. Rosemary Barasa
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1. Migrating out of Poverty: Research and research uptake
According to Ms. Angela, the hypothesis of the research is ‘migration impacts on poverty
positively or negatively mediated by range of factors’ and research is therefore geared towards
testing this hypothesis. In her view, the research will focus on:
1. Circumstances leading to migration.
2. Does migration help people move out of poverty?
3. What impact does it have on women and girls?
4. Urbanisation and rural-urban migration;
5. Policy analysis and evaluation.
She proposed research uptake as involving 3 stages:
Consultation with the stakeholders,
Disseminating information (may be posted on the websites to ease access),
Putting information into use.
In order for the research to be accepted and adopted,it should be policy relevant and evidence-
based.
Research uptake is important to this research in that it ensures an understanding of migration,
brings out the gaps in policy and understanding,, identifies the stakeholders, develops and
improves policy making.
Research uptake activities will include integrating research uptake approach from outset of
research, and initiating Stakeholder dialogues and communicating the findings appropriately.
In concluding her presentation, Ms. Haynes poised the following questions for discussion:
a. Who has used research to enhance their work?
b. Of those who have used research what is your experience?
c. What kind of research do you need?
d. Of those who have not used research in your work, why not?
e. Does this research sound relevant to your needs?
f. What kind of research do you need?
Points that arose during the discussion:
a. Research findings have helped in the implementation of policies, for example
“mainstreaming disability in all sectors”
b. There is difficulty in accessing information or findings from research
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c. At times, the language used is technical and can only be understood by fellow
researchers
d. There is need for more evidence-based information other than the information on the
internet
e. There is an implementation gap between the researchers and the consumers
f. There is need to bridge research and use
g. Migrants have diverse experiences compared to non-migrants and it is important to
understand those experiences which will be brought forward by the research
h. The University curriculum should be revised to take into consideration the courses that
relate to population issues like migration
i. It is important to package research findings in a manner that all stakeholders including
the media can be in a position to make use of them
j. Among the constraints to research use is bad governance; for instance, the researchers
find difficulties when inquiring on the socio-economic situations of the country of
origin.
2. Rural-Urban Migration in the Research Sites:
Perspectives from Population Censuses
In his presentation, Dr. Agwanda gave an overview of migration from population census
perspective. He defined migration as a form of spatial mobility involving change of usual
residence between clearly defined geographical units.
Types of Migration:
a). International – Movement across national boundaries
b). Internal –movement within boundaries of a country
He pointed out the gap that migration as an aspect of population ranges from analysis to data
availability. For instance analysis of migration is still based on census data in Kenya, which just
gives the skeleton of what is happening as regards migration, and which therefore calls for
more research/studies. Analytical volumes are based on direct methods which have some
limitations; for instance, they do not immediately permit inference of rural-urban migration and
the reverse. Indirect methods are still useful given limited data. It is useful to explore the use of
administrative data and need and to conduct surveys for better understanding of migration at
household, community and other levels.
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In his view, the measurement and analysis of migration are crucial in the preparation of
population estimates and projections for a nation or parts of a nation. It is important to note that
education stimulates migration.
Types of Migration Data for Direct Estimation Kenyan Censuses
Type Description
Questions
Method
Lifetime
Have been asked since
1969
Change of residence
since birth
Place of birth and
place of current
residence only
Cross classification
place of birth by place
of current residence
Migration during past
12 months or another
fixed reference period
Have been asked since
1979
Change of residence
during past year
Where was person
living 12 months ago?
Cross classification
place current residence
with place of residence
12 months ago
Duration of residence
(Kenya P-20 and P21)
Least used in the last
2009 and 1999 censuses;
first asked in 1999
Focus on latest
migration only
1. How long
lived in
current
residence,
and
2. Previous
residence
Identify non movers
and movers; cross
tabulate for each
region by age and sex
movers by duration of
residence
Types of Migration Data for Direct Estimation
Type Strengths and weaknesses
Lifetime
Provides some idea of flows, but useful only with multiple censuses
and then only by calculating differences in cohort or subpopulation
size after adjusting for mortality and under enumeration. Not a good
substitute for migration measured using a question on a fixed
reference period.
Migration during past
12 months
Excellent measure but migration may be exaggerated by recent events.
Indirect estimation of Internal Migration:
1. Census survival ratio method
2. Life table survival ratio method: Forward survival, Reverse survival, Composite
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3. Composite method: (Weakness – does not give direction of move from either rural –urban
or vice versa)
From the analysis of 1999-09 census data, Nyanza and Western have been found to be the net
losers of the population aged 15-35 years. This could be attributed to several push factors
including: lack of adequate tertiary institutions, inadequate employment opportunities,
inadequate social amenities, etc.
Nairobi experiences the opposite (i.e. net gainers of persons of the age group 15-35 years), and
this could be attributed to the pull factors (e.g. employment possibilities, better social amenities,
security, etc)…. (Refer to the graphs on the slides).
3. The Research Questions at the Origins of Rural-Urban Migration
Mr. George Odipo’s presentation emphasized on data collection techniques. In his view, the
questions should be framed in a such way as to capture data that is geared towards achieving
the objectives of the research. For instance, issues pertaining to decision making, migration
duration, migration steps and migration motives. In addition, the data collected should also be
relevant for use by all the stakeholders.
From his presentation, the issue that arose was, ‘how can we ensure that respondents open up
and give the required information given numerous surveys that they have been subjected to?’
Prof. Oucho allayed these fears by assuring the researchers that the research assistants will be
trained appropriately so as to enable them handle such situations. In addition, awareness on the
research will be done adequately before the survey commences.
Dr. Nyanjom added that a comparative study could be done in Siaya/Vihiga Vs
Nairobi/Kisumu to explore the nature and depth of poverty in the sending points. The study
could also inform on the determinants of migration patterns two sending points are similar or
different.
4. Qualitative Data Collection Approaches for the project
Ethnographic Surveys:
In his presentation, Dr. Olungah defined ethnography as the branch of anthropology that
provides scientific description of individual human societies. The research project will employ a
combination of the following ethnographic methodologies:
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i. Participant Observation: It involves immersing oneself into a community to gain in-depth
knowledge about the intricacies and happenings in the community.
ii. In-depth Interviews of key informants.
iii. Focus Group Discussions; and
iv. Phenomenological Analysis.
Like his fellow researchers, Dr. Olungah emphasized on the researchers’ expectations in
understanding the individual holistically in terms of his/her motivation to out-migrate,
decisions to migrate, structures supportive of in-migrants, their integration in urban centres,
their links with their rural origins, formation of support networks and the effects of the
devolved system of governance on migration patterns. All the above will be linked to the
poverty reduction initiatives.
5. Rural out-Migration to urban uncertainties in Kenya: Gender imperatives
Dr. Linda Oucho’s presentation was given by Dr. Olungah who will be the lead researcher in
the project. In her presentation, the main purpose of the project is to investigate the nature and
the extent of rural out-migration to urban uncertainties in Kenya and explore the connection
between migration and poverty. The research also intends to explore the importance of gender
within the research through the experiences of women and men.
Aims and Objectives:
1. To examine the factors determining rural out-migration and urban in-migration of
male and female individuals from the two Counties and the two cities respectively
2. To identify demographic, gender and socio-economic characteristics of migrants
insofar as they initiate and subsequently perpetuate migration to Kisumu and Nairobi.
3. To investigate the nature and extent of rural-urban migration in either alleviating or
aggravating poverty of rural households as well as male and female migrants’ welfare in
urban settings
4. To understand how and through what mechanisms male and female migrants
maintain links with their rural origins at individual, household and community levels.
Research Questions:
What factors determine rural out-migration from western Kenya?
◦ Are the factors the same for men and women?
◦ What resources are available for /used by women and men?
Do urban migrants maintain/sever links with their origins, and in what tangible ways?
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◦ How do women and men maintain links with their origins?
◦ Are men/women more likely to maintain/sever links?
How do women and girls benefit/fail to benefit from migration?
◦ Exploration of the impact of migration on women and girls in terms of personal
development and empowerment
Methodology:
The research will interview 250 respondents in a semi-structured form. 10 FGDs will also be
conducted with male and female FGDs being done separately in order to capture gender
specific discussions and perspectives.
Dr. Linda Oucho proposed Phenomenological Analysis to illuminate the specific, to identify
phenomena through and how they are perceived by the actors in a situation. This puts into
perspective the experience of phenomena by gender.
Expected Outcomes
Better understanding of the role of gender in understanding rural-urban migration;
Understanding the experiences of poverty as a result of migration from the perspective
of women and men;
To provide a Lessons Learned approach to mainstreaming gender into migration, and
poverty research;
To assist government officials design appropriate policies that take into account gender
experiences in line with Kenya’s Vision 2030; and
To create a gender awareness of challenges faced by women and men in migration
through: Working Papers, policy briefs and book chapters.
6. Understanding Fisher Peoples, Migration and Poverty Reduction
Mr. Nyangori Ohenjo presented migration as one of the strategies that fishing communities
often use in order to secure their livelihoods. Many studies on migration of fisher communities
however have not focused the types of people who migrate and why, their educational level
and the characteristics of their family of origin and the sibling group size.
Mr. Ohenjo brought out the importance of the research to the fisher communities. An
understanding of their reasons to migrate, the different aspects of this mobility (e.g. their scale,
magnitude and duration) is important. The information will inform fisheries management
policies and poverty reduction strategies in fishing communities.
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In spite of the importance of fisheries migration at the level of national economies (employment,
food security, etc.), there are inadequate data available on the phenomenon, both in destination
countries and in the countries of origin. Only a few countries have figures that allow for an
assessment of the magnitude of migration. Information on demographic characteristics is
generally lacking and there is, for example, no data with regard to migrants’ family status or
educational level.
Mechanisms to protect specific rights of migrant fishing people are an opportunity for
introducing local co-management mechanisms. The lack of detailed information on the
characteristics of migrant fishing people and on their economic importance constitutes a
handicap when it comes to the formulation of policies supportive of fisher folk’s migration.
The role of women in migration
Migrants and migratory behaviour vary according to gender.
Women have a special status in the migration process. During short-term migration,
fishers’ wives do not usually go with their husbands. In the absence of their spouses,
women who stay behind take care of children and the elderly.
For long-term migration, many women follow their husbands on their sojourns
Majority of women work in fish processing and marketing and hence support their
husbands’ work.
Women may also contribute to the financing of fishing activities by lending their savings
to fishers
Women staying at home get some of the money sent back by their husbands and
normally invest in small businesses allowing them to gain some independence during
the absence of their husbands.
In some communities, marriage between immigrant fishers and local women facilitates
the integration of migrants into the host community. During long-term migration, it is
not uncommon that men in the fishing community become polygamous.
Among those who are not married, cohabitation and frequent change of partners is
common.
As has been shown in recent studies with regard to the health conditions in fishing
communities, this life style is a concern considering the propensity of sexually
transmitted diseases among which the most threatening is HIV/AIDS.
7. Research Uptake
Research uptake involves knowledge dissemination. The DFID 2008 – 2013 strategy, pledges to
strike a balance between new findings and getting new and existing technology into use. DFID
(Learning lessons on research communication and uptake – Sept 2010 pg3. ) defines research
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uptake as “The process of becoming aware of and accessing research outputs, and the
institutions, policies, systems and mechanisms supporting the process”.
Research uptake process involves: dissemination of research findings, capacity development
learning, creating social influence, collaboration between researchers and users, incentives and
re-enforcement, enabling environment, research uptake and use.
Ms Rosemary Barasa, highlighted the importance of designing the research so as to incorporate
aspects that enhance research uptake. The means of disseminating the research findings,
incorporating all the relevant stakeholders, creating an enabling environment, and ensuring that
the research information is put into use should be considered during the research planning
phase.
Research uptake is a process that begins at the start of the research and continues to the
completion of the research and summation of the findings. Planning research uptake will also
involve putting an advocacy strategy in place.
Advocacy Strategy: “A combination of techniques and messages with the aim of achieving set
goals and objectives”
Overall objective for research uptake is to inform and disseminate the principal findings of the
“Rural out-migration into urban uncertainty” research, to mainstream the findings, to promote
ownership and to build awareness that will result in action from policy makers. Approaches in
Advocacy involve: inclusion of leaders, working with the mass media, building partnerships,
mobilization of the community and capacity building.
RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE NATIONAL SEMINAR:
1. Background of the study:
- What are the social factors that stimulate or inhibit migration in the community?
- What are the social amenities in place?
- What is the production level, for instance, presence of markets, factories, large scale crop
production?
The questions above will help present the context as to why people migrate.
2. At the design level it is important to note that there could be community perceptions driving
migration and these perceptions differ from community to community as well as from time to
time. For participant observations, choose the individuals who are part and parcel of the
community.
13
3. Destinations other than urban (Kisumu and Nairobi) could be having greater poverty
reduction impact and so all destinations are better captured.
4. Interrogate the Sessional Paper No. 10 and other national documents that touch on migration.
5. Concerning advocacy, it is important to engage stakeholders before, during and after the
research.
6. The research findings may be use to inform the government on the need to have a national
migration survey.
7. The research will unearth the issue of brain-drain, and whoever is draining it. It will also
explore on the issue of remittances and explain whether both brain-drain and remittances cancel
each other.
8. The research to capture contextual effects that most government data do not take into
consideration come up with the calendar of events at the community and household level
(migration history).
Way Forward:
- The researchers to hold a meeting and develop the questionnaires
- The report to be sent to all the participants by email
- All participants will be updated on the progress of the project and their inputs are
encouraged.
CLOSING OF THE NATIONAL SEMINAR
In his closing remarks, Dr. James O. Awino, Registrar, Bondo University expressed his
appreciation to AMADPOC, Department for International Development and the RPC
Secretariat at the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom for their support through the
project. He mentioned that the project will be of immense importance not only to the
researchers and policy makers but also to universities as they develop and review their
curriculum. Dr. Awino pointed out that the participation of all the researchers, NGO
representative, Government representatives, policy makers, civil society organizations and
development partners made the seminar a success.
Prof. John O. Oucho, on behalf of AMADPOC, thanked all the participants for their immense
participation in the deliberation on the issues pertaining to MOP. Prof. Oucho also recognized
the expertise which the facilitators from different organizations had demonstrated during the
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two-day seminar. He commended the AMADPOC staff for the collaboration on organizing the
seminar.
ANNEX I: THE SEMINAR PROGRAMME
Day &Time Event Chairperson Facilitator
Wednesday
25 April
1900-2030 Welcome dinner AMADPOC
Thursday
26 April
0800-0830 Registration AMADPOC
0800-0900 Welcome Address &Introductions Prof. John O.
Oucho
AMADPOC &
Participants
Opening Ceremony
Objectives of the Seminar
Prof. George M.Onyango
Deputy VC, Planning,
Research & Extension
Services. Maseno
University
AMADPOC
0900-1000 Plenary Session 1
The MOP/RPC and the Regional research
for East Africa: 2012-2013
Dr. Eric
Othieno
Nyanjom
Angela Haynes
MOP/RPC secretariat
Objectives of the Kenyan research project Prof. John O. Oucho
AMADPOC Plenary Session 1 Discussion
1000-1030
Plenary Session 2
Rural-urban migration in the research
sites: Perspectives from population
censuses
Dr. A.A. Otieno &
George Odipo
(PSRI&AMADPOC)
1030-1100 Coffee/Tea Break
1100-1200
Plenary Session 2 cont…
Qualitative data collection approaches
for the research project and prospective
respondents at the rural origins of out-
migration
Dr. Eric
Othieno
Nyanjom
Dr. Charles O. Olungah
(IAGAS/AMADPOC)
The research questions at the origins of
rural-urban migration
George Odipo
(PSRI/AMADPOC)
Discussion on Plenary Session 2
Plenary Session 3
Prospective respondents at the origins in
Dr. A.A.
Otieno
Nyang’ori Ohenjo
(IFP Network)
15
1200-1300 the Lake Victoria Basin
Rural out-migration as a poverty-
reduction strategy: The research
questions at the destinations of rural-
urban migration
Dr. Eric Othieno Nyanjom
Discussion on Plenary Session 3
1300-1400 Lunch Break
1400-1600 Gender dimension of the research with
particular reference to women and girls
Ms. Judy
Odongo
(tbc)
Dr. Linda A. Oucho
AMADPOC
The research uptake in the interest of
stakeholders
Further Discussion on Plenary Session
Rosemary Barasa
AMADPOC
1600-1630 Coffee/Tea Break
1630-1700 Day’s wrap up Rapporteur & Participants
1900-2030 Cocktail dinner Participants &Invited
Guests
Friday
27 April
0830-1030
Overview of the Presentations
All participants
1030-1100 Coffee/ Break
1100-1200 Overview of the Presentations
Ms. Geraldine
Makunda
All participants
1200-1300 Stakeholders’ inputs:
Mr. JacktonAkumu
Dr. James O. Awino
Ms. Susan Ng’ang’a (UN Women)
Mr. Ashraf El Nour (IOM)
Gatsby Kenya (tbc)
Dr. A.T.A.O
Agwanda
GOK representatives
NGO & CSO
representatives
Development Partners
1300-1330 Session 4
AMADPOC’s response
Dr. Charles O.
Olungah
Researchers
1330-1400 Closing Ceremony Prof. John O.
Oucho
Dr. James O. Awino
1400-1500 Lunch Break All participants
1500
Participants Departure
AGENDA II: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
16
NAME
TITLE
AFFILIATION
CONTACTS
1. Ms. Angela
Haynes (tbc)
Capacity Building
Manager
University of Sussex [email protected].
uk
2. Prof. George M.
Onyango,
Deputy Vice
Chancellor
Maseno University georgemarkonyango@yah
oo.com
3. Dr. Erick Othieno
Nyanjom
Researcher KIPPRA [email protected]
4. Dr. Alfred A.
Otieno
Researcher Population Studies and
Research Institute, University
of Nairobi
5. Mr. George Odipo Associate
Researcher
Population Studies and
Research Institute, University
of Nairobi
6. Dr. Charles
Owuor Olungah
Researcher Institute of Anthropology,
Gender and African Studies,
University of Nairobi
e
7. Dr. James O.
Awino
Registrar Bondo University College [email protected]
8. Mr. Leonard
Obidha,
Ministry of Planning, National
Development & Vision 2030
Poverty
9. Mr. Oduor
Onyango
Participant National Council for
Population and Development
(NCPD)
m
10. Mr. Edwin Naboth
Kogonjo,
Participant Ministry of Immigration and
Registration of Persons
11. Mrs. Susan
Wakiaga
Ministry of Immigration and
Registration of Persons
12. Mr. Nyang’ori
Ohenjo,
Indigenous Fisher Peoples
Network
13. Mr. Kenneth
Wamai
Participant Youth Enterprise
Development Fund
14. Alberto Leny
Otieno
Communications Consultant [email protected]
15. Geraldine Lukania
Makunda,
Kenya Gatsby Trust (K-MAP
Programme)
rg
16. Judy Odongo Kenya Gatsby Trust [email protected]
17. Mr. Gideon Muga,
Association of the Physically
Disabled in Kenya
[APDK)
17
18. Elizabeth Oduor Clerk Kisumu Town [email protected]
19. Prof. John O.
Oucho,
Executive Director AMADPOC [email protected]
20. Jacob O.
Odhiambo
Administrator AMADPOC [email protected]
21. Rosemary Barasa Communications
Officer
AMADPOC [email protected]
22. Victor M. Osano Administrative
Assistant
AMADPOC [email protected]
23. Janet Naisoi
Mashara
Intern AMADPOC [email protected]
24. James Ohio Computer
Technologist
AMADPOC [email protected]
25. Patrick Ogoda
SNV-Netherlands
Development Organization
26. Susan Nganga UN Women susan.nganga@unwomen.
org
27. Ashraf El Nour, International Organization for
Migration
28. Jackton Akumu
Participant Blue Cerulean Consulting [email protected]
