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Moore’s Law and Modular Instrument Technology
Speaker/Author: Paul PackebushSenior Group ManagerCorporate Metrology, R&DNational Instruments11500 N Mopac ExpwyAustin, TX 78759
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Moore’s Law: Alive and Well at Intel• Moore’s Law: the number of transistors on a chip
roughly doubles every two years
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Impact of Moore’s Law
• Inexpensive memory• Higher speed processing• Rise of programming languages
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Moore’s Law for Instrumentation1980 1990 2000 2010
VXI
PXIe
cRIO
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Modular Instrumentation
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Reso
lutio
n (B
its)
28
2624
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
61 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M100M 1G 10G 100G
Frequency (Hz)
NI PXI-4071 7½-digit FlexDMM NI PXI-5922, 24-bit, 15 MS/s
Agilent 6030A, 15-bit, 500MHz
Phase Matrix 26.5 GHz Signal Analyzer
PXI Measurement CapabilityMore than 1,500 Instruments from 60+ Vendors
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Modular Instrument Architecture
Instrument Module and
I/OCommunication
BusProcessing
and MemoryInstrument Driver
SoftwareApplication
Software
Operating System (OS)
PXIe, PCI, USB, Ethernet, etc.
CPU, FPGA, etc.
DLL, .NET, etc. LabVIEW, C#,
VB, etc.
Instrumentation Platform
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Instrument Modules• Modular Instruments are available in an array of form
factors: PXI/PXIe, Ethernet, PCI, USB, cPCI, AXIe,...
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Instrument Platforms
• Platforms required to calibrate modules are typically made up of a module specific chassis and controller Costs of chassis and controllers can range from $1k to $20k
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Connectivity• Small form factors require high density
connectors• Semi-ridged and custom Module to Module
connectivity
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Example Calibration Station
Hybrid PXI/PXIe Chassisconnected via MXI
PCI, PCIe, PC Card
USB, Firewire, etc.
Ethernet
Other Instruments and Platforms
USB GPIBCalibration standards or other DUTs
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Instrument Driver – Traditional
GPIB DriverGPIB DriverCalibration Software
Calibration Software
Mfg AInstrument 1
Mfg AInstrument 1
Mfg AInstrument 2
Mfg AInstrument 2
Mfg BInstrument 1
Mfg BInstrument 1
Mfg BInstrument 2
Mfg BInstrument 2
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Instrument Driver – Modular Instruments
Calibration Software
Calibration Software
Mfg AInstrument 1
Mfg AInstrument 1
Mfg AInstrument 2
Mfg AInstrument 2
Mfg BInstrument 1
Mfg BInstrument 1
Mfg BInstrument 2
Mfg BInstrument 2
MFG APXI Driver
1
MFG APXI Driver
1
MFG BPXI Driver
MFG BPXI Driver
MFG APXI Driver
2
MFG APXI Driver
2
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Vendor Supplied Application Software
Soft Front Panel Off-the-Shelf Application Software
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Custom Calibration Software
• Instrument supplier must provide: Clearly written calibration procedure
• Required platforms and connectivity• Required calibration standards• Supported software development ADEs
Driver and configuration software Driver capable of measurement adjustment Software development support
• Laboratory must have: Software development skills Development and verification process Time
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Modular Instrument Repair• Typical repair is only at the module level
Identify and replace damaged instrument module e.g. entire PXIe module
• Circuit repair is often reserved for manufacturer Requires custom test fixtures, software and stations
• Minor maintenance is sometimes possible Replace fuses Cleaning fans
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Modular Instrument Architecture
Instrument Module and
I/OCommunication
BusProcessing
and MemoryInstrument Driver
SoftwareApplication
Software
Operating System (OS)
PXIe, PCI, USB, Ethernet, etc.
CPU, FPGA, etc.
DLL, .NET, etc. LabVIEW, C#,
VB, etc.
Instrumentation Platform