• Home

  • Documents

  • Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually...
81
Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553

Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Tags:

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Monsoon Meteorology

ATS 553

Page 2: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Monsoon:

• A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime, that occurs in the tropics on a seasonal time scale.

Page 3: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Caused by:

• …the fact that water takes so much longer to heat up or cool down than land does.

Page 4: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Three Reasons

Page 5: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

1. Cooling by Evaporation

Page 6: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

1. Cooling by Evaporation

Page 7: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

2. Cooling by Mixing

Page 8: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

2. Cooling by Mixing

Page 9: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

2. Cooling by Mixing

Page 10: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

2. Cooling by Mixing

Page 11: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

3. High Specific Heat of Water

Page 12: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Therefore…

• In the SUMMER hemisphere, tropical land masses are much hotter than the surrounding ocean.

• In the WINTER hemisphere, tropical land masses are much colder than the surrounding ocean.

• Formation of HEAT LOWS and POLAR HIGHS:

Page 13: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Heat Lows

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 14: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Heat Lows

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 15: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Heat Lows

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 16: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Heat Lows

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 17: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Heat Lows

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 18: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Heat Lows

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 19: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Polar Highs

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 20: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Polar Highs

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 21: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Polar Highs

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 22: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Polar Highs

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 23: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Polar Highs

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 24: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Polar Highs

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 25: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Polar Highs

1000mb

850mb

700mb

500mb

Page 26: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Fig 6-27 in Ramage

Page 27: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Fig 6-27 in Ramage

Page 28: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Fig 6-32 in Ramage

Page 29: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Monsoon Regions

Page 30: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Monsoon Regions

Major shift or reversal of the circulation features.

Page 31: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Monsoon Regions

Prevailing wind isn’t just a statistical average—it reflects the real flow in the atmosphere.

Page 32: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Monsoon Regions

The prevailing wind needs to be reasonably robust.

Page 33: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Monsoon Regions

Monsoons are NOT just a shift in the storm track, bringing sequences of highs and lows.

Page 34: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Fig 6-28 in Ramage

•India IND•West Africa WAFR•East Africa EAFR•Southeast Asia SEASIA•Australia AUS

Page 35: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Where don’t monsoons happen?

• South America– 1. Cold upwelling

means that the land is ALWAYS warmer than the surrounding oceans.

Page 36: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Where don’t monsoons happen?

• South America– 2. SAMER is too

narrow at subtropical southern latitudes for a planetary scale anticyclone to form.

Page 37: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Where don’t monsoons happen?

• South America– 3. In the NH, SAMER

doesn’t extend to regions of subsidence (which favor heat low formation).

Page 38: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Where don’t monsoons happen?

• Mexico, SW US– 1. No region has a

120° wind shift

Page 39: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Where don’t monsoons happen?

• Mexico, SW US– 2. Central America is

too narrow for formation of polar highs.

Page 40: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Where don’t monsoons happen?

• Mexico, SW US– 3. Weather is more

driven by synoptic disturbances.

However, a monsoon trough does form over the eastern Pacific..

Page 41: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Precipitation Regimes in the Wet Season

Page 42: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

What You Don’t Know About West Africa Is A Lot

ATS 553

Page 43: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Political Geography

Page 44: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Historically…

Grain Coast Ivory Coast Gold Coast

Slave Coast

Page 45: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Vegetation

Page 46: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

NDVI in WAFR

0°W 5°E 10°E5°W10°W5°N

10°N

15°N

20°N

Parakou

Page 47: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Sahara

Page 48: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Sahara

Page 49: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Sahel

Page 50: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Sahel

Page 51: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Savanna (Soudanian Zone)

baobob trees

Page 52: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Soudanian Zone

Page 53: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Cotton Harvest in Burkina Faso

Page 54: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Rainforest

Page 55: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Niger River Basin

Page 56: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Inland Delta

Great Mosque at Jenne

Page 57: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Landforms

Page 58: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Jos Plateau

Page 59: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Atakora Mountains

Page 60: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Aïr Mountains

Page 61: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Oueme River Valley

Page 62: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Climatology of WAFR Monsoon

Page 63: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

925mb Winds in June

Page 64: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

925mb Winds in September

Page 65: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Time-latitude diagrams along 2.5°E(Parakou, Benin)

Page 66: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

V925mb along 2°E

Page 67: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

U925mb along 2°E

Page 68: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

OLR along 2.5°E

Page 69: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Thermal Fields in the WAFR Monsoon

Page 70: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Surface TemperatureNCEP Climatology

Page 71: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Temperature on 2-sep-04

Page 72: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Atlantic

Gui

nea

Sou

dani

an

Sah

elia

n

Sahara

Page 73: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Vertical Cross-Section

Atlantic

Gui

nea

Sou

dani

an

Sah

elia

n

Sahara

Boundary between the warn and cold air mass is sloped with height, just like a cold front or a warm front.

Page 74: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Vertical Cross-Section

Atlantic

Gui

nea

Sou

dani

an

Sah

elia

n

Sahara

Boundary between the warn and cold air mass is sloped with height, just like a cold front or a warm front.

Saharan Air Layer (SAL)

Monsoon Layer

Page 75: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Vertical Cross-Section

Atlantic

Gui

nea

Sou

dani

an

Sah

elia

n

Sahara

In the SAL, dry convection keeps the layer well-mixed:

Saharan Air Layer (SAL)

Monsoon Layer

Page 76: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Well-Mixed Air

Atlantic

Gui

nea

Sou

dani

an

Sah

elia

n

Sahara

•Temperature decreases according to the dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR).

•Potential temperature is constant with height.

•Stability: Statically Neutral!

Saharan Air Layer (SAL)

Monsoon Layer

Page 77: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,
Page 78: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/tropic/real-time/wavetrak/sal-atl.html

Page 79: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Monsoon Layer

Atlantic

Gui

nea

Sou

dani

an

Sah

elia

n

Sahara

•Tends to be CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE due to cool conditions at the surface and higher potential temperatures aloft.•Temperature decreases by the moist adiabatic lapse rate.•Potential temperature increases slowly with height.

Saharan Air Layer (SAL)

Monsoon Layer

Page 80: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Isentropes

Atlantic

Gui

nea

Sou

dani

an

Sah

elia

n

Sahara

•SAL: Neutral at SFC, stable in upper trop, very stable above tropopause•Monsoon Layer: Conditionally unstable in lower trop, stable in upper trop, very stable above tropopause

Low θ

High θ

Page 81: Monsoon Meteorology ATS 553. Monsoon: A reversal of the wind direction at the surface, usually accompanied by the change in the precipitation regime,

Monsoon maladies

Monsoon maladies

Documents
Module 8 Introduction to Trend Reversal Patterns ·  · 2014-10-22Module 8 Introduction to Trend Reversal Patterns. Continuation Pattern OR Reversal Pattern. Reversal Patterns. Neckline

Module 8 Introduction to Trend Reversal Patterns ·  · 2014-10-22Module 8 Introduction to Trend Reversal Patterns. Continuation Pattern OR Reversal Pattern. Reversal Patterns. Neckline

Documents
Earth System Science Organization (ESSO) Ministry of Earth …kolli/MOL/Monsoon/year2015/Monsoon … · 1. Onset and Advance of southwest Monsoon This year, the southwest monsoon

Earth System Science Organization (ESSO) Ministry of Earth …kolli/MOL/Monsoon/year2015/Monsoon … · 1. Onset and Advance of southwest Monsoon This year, the southwest monsoon

Documents
Monsoon MULTI

Monsoon MULTI

Documents
Report on the CapacityCapacity, DemandDemand, and … Capacity , MW 0 2,447 2,411 2,393 2,376 2,359 2,359 2,359 2,359 2,359 50% of Non-Synchronous Ties, MW 553 553 553 553 553 553

Report on the CapacityCapacity, DemandDemand, and … Capacity , MW 0 2,447 2,411 2,393 2,376 2,359 2,359 2,359 2,359 2,359 50% of Non-Synchronous Ties, MW 553 553 553 553 553 553

Documents
The East Asian summer monsoon: an overviewshadow.eas.gatech.edu/~jean/monsoon/EastAsian-monsoon.pdf · The East Asian summer monsoon: an overview ... monsoon rain commences over the

The East Asian summer monsoon: an overviewshadow.eas.gatech.edu/~jean/monsoon/EastAsian-monsoon.pdf · The East Asian summer monsoon: an overview ... monsoon rain commences over the

Documents
Reversal analogies

Reversal analogies

Education
Monsoon trails – unveil the magic of monsoon

Monsoon trails – unveil the magic of monsoon

Travel
Monsoon Drive: Mahindra Monsoon Challenge- Business Standard Motoring August 2009

Monsoon Drive: Mahindra Monsoon Challenge- Business Standard Motoring August 2009

Automotive
Reversal Replacement

Reversal Replacement

Documents
Reversal permanent charge and reversal potential: case ...people.ku.edu/~feng/arch/EisLX15.pdf · Reversal permanent charge and reversal potential: case studies via classical Poisson-Nernst-Planck

Reversal permanent charge and reversal potential: case ...people.ku.edu/~feng/arch/EisLX15.pdf · Reversal permanent charge and reversal potential: case studies via classical Poisson-Nernst-Planck

Documents
Preferences Reversal

Preferences Reversal

Documents
Indian Monsoon Depression: Climatology and Variability · The monsoon climate is traditionally characteri zed by large amount of seasonal rainfall and reversal of wind direction (e.g.,

Indian Monsoon Depression: Climatology and Variability · The monsoon climate is traditionally characteri zed by large amount of seasonal rainfall and reversal of wind direction (e.g.,

Documents
Blogs - 2015 - November 2 Weather Words 7 Diary Words€¦ · monsoon is a period of reversal of the atmospheric circulation, bringing persistent rain, heavy torrential downpours

Blogs - 2015 - November 2 Weather Words 7 Diary Words€¦ · monsoon is a period of reversal of the atmospheric circulation, bringing persistent rain, heavy torrential downpours

Documents
Convective environment in pre-monsoon and monsoon

Convective environment in pre-monsoon and monsoon

Documents
REGIONAL MONSOON SYSTEMS. Outline Definition of Monsoon The Monsoon Makers Annual Monsoon Cycle Variability of the monsoons Regional Monsoon Systems The

REGIONAL MONSOON SYSTEMS. Outline Definition of Monsoon The Monsoon Makers Annual Monsoon Cycle Variability of the monsoons Regional Monsoon Systems The

Documents
Loan Payment Reversal Guide - · PDF filecharge if the reversal causes the loan to be delinquent. Loan Payment Reversal Guide Reversing a Loan Payment Select View Reversal Details

Loan Payment Reversal Guide - · PDF filecharge if the reversal causes the loan to be delinquent. Loan Payment Reversal Guide Reversing a Loan Payment Select View Reversal Details

Documents
A comparison of regional monsoon variability using …...EA monsoon is a subtropical monsoon, the others are tropical monsoons. Although the regional monsoon variations can be well

A comparison of regional monsoon variability using …...EA monsoon is a subtropical monsoon, the others are tropical monsoons. Although the regional monsoon variations can be well

Documents
Immomaresme 553

Immomaresme 553

Documents
Monsoon v3

Monsoon v3

Technology
Monsoon diseases

Monsoon diseases

Health & Medicine
Name the surface winds that blow between 0° and 30° What is the atmospheric pressure ... · 2014-02-24 · 2 July: wet season Monsoon: seasonal reversal of wind, continental scale

Name the surface winds that blow between 0° and 30° What is the atmospheric pressure ... · 2014-02-24 · 2 July: wet season Monsoon: seasonal reversal of wind, continental scale

Documents
59-553 Structure Factorscmacd.myweb.cs.uwindsor.ca/Teaching/553-class/59-553...59-553 Structure Factors 78 Until now, we have only typically considered reflections arising from planes

59-553 Structure Factorscmacd.myweb.cs.uwindsor.ca/Teaching/553-class/59-553...59-553 Structure Factors 78 Until now, we have only typically considered reflections arising from planes

Documents
Role Reversal

Role Reversal

Documents
Reversal Magazine

Reversal Magazine

Documents
Gary Morrissey, Safety Co-Chair phone: 553-6319fax: 553-6320

Gary Morrissey, Safety Co-Chair phone: 553-6319fax: 553-6320

Documents
Magnetic Reversal

Magnetic Reversal

Documents
THE GLOBAL MONSOON SYSTEMS - World Climate · PDF fileworld ’s population ... circulation over much of the Northern ... reversal from north-easterly to south-westerly winds near

THE GLOBAL MONSOON SYSTEMS - World Climate · PDF fileworld ’s population ... circulation over much of the Northern ... reversal from north-easterly to south-westerly winds near

Documents
Adames Reversal

Adames Reversal

Documents
Emergent reversal

Emergent reversal

Business