Monitor And Control Of Greenhouse " Green Bee"Under the Guidence of :Presented By:Mr. Prateek Dubey Rishabh JaiswalMr. C.K. Maurya Jitendra Kumar Pawan Kumar Gaurav Giri

Greenhouse Effect & Global WarmingThe greenhouse effect & global warming are not the same thing. Global warming refers to a rise in the temperature of the surface of the earth

An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to an increase in the the magnitude of the greenhouse effect. (Called enhanced greenhouse effect) This results in global warming

Selected Greenhouse GasesCarbon Dioxide (CO2) Source: Fossil fuel burning, deforestation Anthropogenic increase: 30%Average atmospheric residence time: 500 yearsMethane (CH4) Source: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay from landfills, mining Anthropogenic increase: 145%Average atmospheric residence time: 7-10 years Nitrous oxide (N2O) Source: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers) Anthropogenic increase: 15%Average atmospheric residence time: 140-190 years

1. Shorter, highEnergy wavelengths Hit the earthsSurface

2. Incoming energy Is converted to heat

3. Longer, infraredWavelengths hitGreenhouse gasMolecules in theatmosphere4. Greenhouse gasMolecules in theAtmosphere emitInfrared radiationBack towards earth

The CO2 CycleIf Earth warms up a bit, then carbonate minerals form in the oceans at a higher rate. The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas increases, pulling CO2 out of the atmosphere. The reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to a weakened greenhouse effect that counteracts the initial warming and cools the planet back down. If Earth cools a bit, carbonate minerals form more slowly in the oceans. The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas decreases, allowing the CO2 released by volcanism to build back up in the atmosphere. The increased CO2 concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect and warms the planet back up The CO2 cycle acts as a thermostat that regulates the temperature of the Earth

Greenhouse BasicsPlants grow naturally outside, so why do we need a structure to grow them in?

The basic function of a greenhouse is to provide a protective environment for crop production.

In this world everything is being automated & controlled so Greenhouses form an important part of the agriculture to grow plants under controlled climatic conditions for optimum produce.

MODEL FOR AUTOMATION OF GREENHOUSEThe proposed system is an embedded system which will closely monitor and control the microclimatic parameters of a greenhouse.

To eliminate the difficulties involved in the system by reducing human intervention to the best possible extent.

Basic System Model

Microcontroller PIC16F72

AC Interface

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

Heater

Motor LCD DISPLAYBUZZERLight sensor Temperature sensorHumidity sensor

HARDWARE DESCRIPTIONSensors.

Analog to Digital Converter.

Microcontroller.

Actuators.

Liquid Crystal Display.

SensorsTemperature sensor (LM35)

Humidity sensor (HH10D)

Light sensor (LDR)

Humidity sensor (HH10D)

The HH10D relative humidity sensor module is comprised with a capacitive type humidity sensor, a CMOS capacitor to frequency converter and an EEPROM used to holding the calibration factors. HH10D Humidity Calculation Algorithm :

Data Definitioneeprom address

sensitivitySens 2^1210Offset2 byte value12TCS----14

RH(%)=(offset - Soh)*sens/2^12

Temperature sensor (LM35)National Semiconductors LM35 IC has been used for sensing the temperature.It is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure temperature with an electrical output proportional to the temperature (in 0C).The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation etc.Formula Used:Temperature (0C) = (Vout* 100 ) / 5 0C

LIGHT SENSOR

Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) also known as photoconductor or photocell,

It is a device which has a resistance which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface. Since LDR is extremely sensitive in visible light range, it is well suited for the proposed application.

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC 0809)Easy interface to all microcontrollers.

8-channel multiplexer with address logic.

0V to 5V input range with single 5V power supply.Analog world (temperature, pressure etc.)

Transducer

Signal Conditioning

Analog to Digital Converter

Microcontroller

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYA liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of colour or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector.

Data can be placed at any location on the LCD. For 162 LCD, the address locations are:

First line80 81 82 83 84 85 86 through 8FSecond lineC0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 through CF

Logic status on control lines:E - 0 Access to LCD disabled - 1 Access to LCD enabledR/W - 0 Writing data to LCD - 1 Reading data from LCDRS - 0 Instruction- 1 Character

Pin description of the LCD

MICROCONTROLLER (pic 16f72)

Port details:Port 0: Interfaced with the LCD data lines.Port 1: Interfaced with the ADC data lines.Port 2: Interfaced with the LCD Control lines and AC Interface control.Port 3: Interfaced with the ADC control lines.

SYSTEMS USED IN WORK MODE

ARTIFICIAL GROWING LIGHTS FOR CONTROLLING ILLUMINATION Fluorescent lamps, Incandescent lamps, High-Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps.

TEMPERATURE CONTROLLERS

COOLING EQUIPMENT:Vents, Exhaust fans, Swamp coolers.HEATING EQUIPMENT:Hot-water or steam heater, Electric heaters.

HUMIDIFCATION SYSTEMSRoof sprinklers increase the humidity by 5-10%.Pad and fan systems.Mist and fog systems to maintain a healthy humidity level of 50 to 70%.

SOFTWARES USED

Assembler of MICROCHIP microcontroller series

PADS for PCB designing

RESULT ANALYSISHUMIDITY SENSOR

ConditionTransducerOptimum Range Dry0V Optimum level 1.9 - 3.5V Slurry> 3.5V

LIGHT SENSOR

Illumination StatusTransducer OptimumRange OPTIMUM ILLUMINATION 0V - 0.69V DIM LIGHT 0.7V - 2.5VDARK 2.5V - 3V NIGHT 3V - 3.47V

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Temperature range in degree CelsiusTemperature sensor output(Vout)100 C0.5V150 to 200 C0.75-1.0V20 0to 250 C1.0-1.25V250 to 30 0C1.25-1.5V30 0to 35 0C1.5-1.75V350 to 400 C1.75-2.0V400 to 45 0C2.0-2.25V450 to 500 C2.25-2.5V500 to 55 0C2.5-2.75V550 to 600C2.75-3.0V600 to 650 C3.0-3.25V650 to 70 0C3.25-3.5V70 0to 750 C3.5-3.75V75 0to 80 0C3.75-4.0V80 0to 850 C4.0-4.25V85 0to 900 C4.25-4.5V900 to 95 0C4.5-4.75V950 to 1000 C4.75-5V

ADVANTAGESSensors used have high sensitivity and are easy to handle.

Low cost system, providing maximum automation.

Low maintenance and low power consumption.

Natural resource like water saved to a great extent.

In response to the sensors, the system will adjust the heating, fans, lighting, irrigation immediately, hence protect greenhouse from damage.

Endangered plant species can be saved.

DISADVANTAGES

Complete automation in terms of pest and insect detection and eradication can not be achieved.

No self-test system to detect malfunction of sensors.

Requires uninterrupted power supply.

FUTURE SCOPE The performance of the system can be further improved in terms of the operating speed, memory capacity, instruction cycle period of the microcontroller by using other controllers such as AVRs and PICs.The number of channels can be increased to interface more sensors which is possible by using advanced versions of microcontrollers.A speaking voice alarm could be used instead of the normal buzzer.Time bound administration of fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides can be introduced.A multi-controller system can be developed that will enable a master controller along with its slave controllers to automate multiple greenhouses simultaneously.

CONCLUSIONThe greenhouse environment has to be closely monitored so that plants grow in the best possible conditions. A plant that grows in an environment where temperature, moisture, light and humidity levels are ideal and continuous will be as strong and healthy as it can possibly be.

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