Money and TradeWeek 5

Lesson 1: To know how the British Empire affected Britain and the countries it ruled.

Starter: In your books match these words with their

meanings!

trade

power

religion

ambition

adventure

ports

Empires always come to an end.

Recap:In your books, bullet point reasons why the

Islamic Empire and Roman Empire came to an end?

Recap: The decline of Empires...

• Economic troubles

• The rise of the Eastern Empire

• Overexpansion

• Wars

What is the British Empire?

• An 'empire' is a group of countries ruled over by a single

monarch or ruling power. An empire doesn't need an 'emperor'.

The British Empire comprised of Britain, the 'mother country', and

the colonies (countries ruled to some degree by and from

Britain).

• The British began to establish overseas colonies in the 16th

century. By 1783, Britain had a large empire with colonies in

America and the West Indies. This 'first British Empire' came to

an end after the American Revolution.

• However, in the 19th century, the British built a second

worldwide empire, based on British sea-power, made up of India

and huge conquests in Africa.

Why was the British Empire successful?

• Trade – to gain raw materials

• Strong military/Army – seen as a ‘great power’

• Spread of Christianity

• The rise, and successive growth, of the British Empire was mainly due to economic reasons.

• With the Industrial Revolution, the need for new markets and new sources of raw materials accelerated the expansion of the Empire.

The British Empire

Key Facts:• Lasted during 1497 – 1997.• Over 450 million people (more than a quarter of the world's population).• 36,000,000 square miles of territory (more than a quarter of the world's area).

The British Empire

• During the 18th century Britain’s empire grew quickly.

• Britain realised that controlling other countries would help it become

wealthier.

• In 1783, Britain suffered a setback when the North American colonies

broke away from Britain.

• Despite this, the empire continued to grow adding Australia and most of

Africa.

• By 1900 the British ruled a quarter of all the people in the world.

• Britain forced its colonies to EXPORT their goods to Britain. Britain

IMPORTED many raw materials from its colonies. Sometimes Britain

‘finished’ raw materials and then exported them to Europe, sometimes they

just sold the raw materials.

How did the British Empire affect Britain and the countries it ruled?

1945: End of World War Two

• The collapse of British imperial power - all but complete by the mid-1960s - can be traced directly to the impact of World War Two.

• The catastrophic British defeats in Europe and Asia between 1940 and 1942 destroyed its financial and economic independence, the real foundation of the imperial system.

• Britain had survived the war, but its wealth, prestige and authority had been severely reduced.

• It also erased the old balance of power on which British security - at home and abroad - had largely depended.

• Britain had survived and recovered the territory lost during the war. But its prestige and authority, not to mention its wealth, had been severely reduced.

The British Empire

Britain was therefore no longer strong enough to keep hold of her

colonies so adopted a policy of ‘peaceful disengagement’

transferring power to the territories once they had a stable

government in place.

However this was not as simple as it sounds, as often the political

boundaries of the empire did not follow local religious or ethnic

divisions.

E.G India independence in 1947

How did the British Empire affect Britain and the countries it ruled?

1947: Partition of India

• An early symptom of the weakness of the empire was Britain's withdrawal from India in 1947.

• During World War Two, the British had organised India's resources for their war effort. They crushed the attempt of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress to force them to 'quit India' in 1942.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/46428985

Bangladesh was then created. The government of Pakistan announced that Urdu would

be the sole language of the country. This angered the people of East Pakistan who

spoke Bengali. More and more people in East Pakistan wanted self-rule. Eventually

they declared independence on 26th March 1971. This led to war with West Pakistan,

until they eventually surrendered on 16th December 1971. Even today conflict in the

region continues, with India and Pakistan continuing to dispute control of Kashmir. This

is part of the legacy of the British Empire.

The British Empire - Impacts

The Empire was of great advantage to the UK allowing the country to

generate wealth and power but what about the colonies it once ruled?

https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0167h3l

Task: Whilst watching, take notes for positive and negative impacts of

the empire.

•If native people rebelled, they were killed.

•British firms sold clothes and machines to the colonies.

•Britain forced the colonies to use British ships.

•The colonies sent Britain food and raw materials – certain companies had sole rights to

sell these.

•The British were racist and treated the native people badly.

•They built railways

•They brought law and order

•They brought clean water, hospitals and modern medicine.

•The colonies were run to make the British rich – most native people stayed very poor.

•The British stopped local customs and religion.

•Native people were subjected to harsh punishments.

•British people went overseas to rule the colonies.

•They built schools

•The native people were not permitted to rule themselves.

Activity 1Organise these points into a table with the subheadings ‘advantages’ and ‘disadvantages’

Activity 2Using your own notes from the video and the above information, create a pyramid/list with at least 10 points and rank them in order. Which do you think was the most important impact of the British Empire, and which was the least?

Lesson 2: To know what the commonwealth is.

5 13 16 9 18 5

3 15 12 15 14 25

Crack the code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A B C D E F G H I J

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

K L M N O P Q R S T

21 22 23 24 25 26

U V W X Y Z

What is it?

An organisation called ‘The Commonwealth of Nations’ (known simply as the Commonwealth) was created to promote international cooperation and to advance economics, social development, and human rights in its member

countries.In the past, many of these countries were part of the British Empire, which

meant they were under British rule. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire ruled about a quarter of the

world’s population. Many of the old colonies joined and today it has 54 member countries,

containing over 2 billion people, which makes it an important trading block. It includes countries such as India, Bangladesh, Kenya, Canada, Australia

and Jamaica. In the past many of these nations/countries were part of the British Empire.

They have now chosen to join the modern Commonwealth. The Commonwealth includes some of the richest and poorest, largest and

smallest nations in the world.

Commonwealth Member Countries

Africa Asia

Botswana

Cameroon

Ghana

Kenya

Lesotho

Malawi

Mauritius

Mozambique

Namibia

Nigeria

Rwanda

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

South Africa

Swaziland

Uganda

United Republic of Tanzania

Zambia

Bangladesh

Brunei Darussalam

India

Malaysia

Maldives

Pakistan

Singapore

Sri Lanka

The AmericasAustralia/Oceania

AustraliaEurope

Antigua and Barbuda

Bahamas, The

Barbados

Belize

Canada

Dominica

Grenada

Guyana

Jamaica

Saint Lucia

St Kitts and Nevis

St Vincent and The

Grenadines

Trinidad and Tobago

Australia

Fiji

Kiribati

Nauru

New Zealand

Papua New Guinea

Samoa

Solomon Islands

Tonga

Tuvalu

Vanuatu

Cyprus

Malta

United Kingdom

George VI was the father of Queen Elizabeth II. In 1949, the prime ministers of

the Commonwealth countries held a meeting. Some countries, such as India,

wanted to be in the Commonwealth but they did not want to have a monarch. It

was decided that George VI would be called Head of the Commonwealth.

Queen Elizabeth II became the Head of the Commonwealth after the death of her

father in February 1952.

Her job is to unify the member states. During her reign, she has visited every

Commonwealth country except Rwanda and Cameroon.

In April 2018, the Commonwealth leaders chose The Queen’s eldest son, Prince

Charles, to be the next Head of the Commonwealth. They made this decision

during a meeting in Windsor Castle.

The role is not automatically passed on to the next British monarch.

What it does?

Every country in the Commonwealth has signed up to a shared set of values.

These include holding fair and free elections and respecting human rights.

Fiji and Pakistan have also had suspensions from the Councils of the Commonwealth because they did not follow this agreement

All members subscribe to the Commonwealth’s values and principles outlined

in The Commonwealth Charter, covering the areas of:

1. Democracy

2. Human rights

3. International peace and security

4. Tolerance, respect and understanding

5. Freedom of Expression

6. Separation of Powers

7. Rule of Law

8. Good Governance

9. Sustainable Development

10. Protecting the Environment

11. Access to Health, Education, Food and Shelter

12. Gender Equality

13. Importance of Young People in the Commonwealth

14. Recognition of the Needs of Small States

15. Recognition of the Needs of Vulnerable States

16. The Role of Civil Society

The Commonwealth Charter

Map of the CommonwealthHow many can you name?

Botswana

Cameroon

The Gambia

Ghana

Kenya

Lesotho

Malawi

Mauritius

Mozambique

Namibia

Nigeria

Rwanda

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

South Africa

Swaziland

Uganda

United Republic of

Tanzania

Zambia

Bangladesh

Brunei Darussalam

Commonwealth Countries

India

Malaysia

Pakistan

Singapore

Sri Lanka

Antigua and

Barbuda

The Bahamas

Barbados

Belize

Canada

Dominica

Grenada

Guyana

Jamaica

St. Lucia

St. Kitts and Nevis

St. Vincent and The

Grenadines

Trinidad and Tobago

Cyprus

Malta

United Kingdom

Australia

Fiji

Kiribati

Nauru

New Zealand

Papua New Guinea

Samoa

Solomon Islands

Tonga

Tuvalu

Vanuatu

Making decisions

Every two years the leaders of all Commonwealth nations meet to decide on ways to work together.

These meetings are called Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings (CHOGMs).

Decisions made at CHOGMs are made by consensus which means that every country, however large or small, can have a say and

the right to disagree.

At the 2018 meeting in Windsor Castle, the leaders also agreed to:

Does it do any good?

Commonwealth organisations played a leading role in South Africa when opposing apartheid (the separation of white and black people).

Commonwealth observers are often present at elections to make sure they are fair.

Many Commonwealth projects work with communities to help tackle environmental issues. For example, the Iwokkrama Rainforest

Programme in Guyana protects the rainforest and helps local people earn a living too.

The UK's Commonwealth connections

The UK's connections with other Commonwealth countries have a big impact on our everyday lives from the food we eat, the music we listen

to and the teams we compete against at sport. 6 out of 10 people living in the UK have a relative living in another

Commonwealth country. Many people moved to the UK from Asia, the Caribbean and Africa.Others went to live in countries such as Australia, New Zealand and

Canada.

ActivityAnswer the following questions

1. How many countries are part of the commonwealth?

2. What are the important values and beliefs shared by the commonwealth countries?

3. Can you name some of the countries that make up the commonwealth?

4. Why is the commonwealth an important trading block?

5. Who is the head of the commonwealth?

6. What was one thing the leaders agreed to at the 2018 meeting in Windsor Castle?

7. After the current Head of the Commonwealth passes away, who will take over this

role?

8. In what year was this decision made?

9. Why were Fiji and Pakistan suspended from the Councils of the Commonwealth?

Lesson 3: To know what goods and services the UK trades and with which countries.

The 10 largest economies at present are:

United States, China, Japan, Germany, India, UK, France, Italy, Brazil &

Canada

The UK is still a rich country, presently the 6th largest economy.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zdctyrd/revision/1

Trade is the buying and selling of goods and services between different

countries around the world. Goods that are brought into a country are called

imports and those that are sold to another country are called exports.

According to the Office for National Statistics, in 2019, the UK exported most

to: US, Germany, Netherlands, France and Ireland

The main exports were cars, pharmaceuticals, mechanical generators, crude

oil and aircraft.

We imported most from Germany, China, Netherlands, US and France.

The main imports were cars, pharmaceuticals, refined oil, mechanical

generators and clothes

The UK also makes a lot of money selling services, for example financial services and

tourism. In 2019, service industries made up 80% of the UK’s economic output.

Task: Use the website and complete a table, showing

the imports and exports to/from the UK

https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bullet

ins/uktrade/april2019

Click on number 6 (as shown >>)

Country Import Export

China telecoms, office machinery,

clothes and manufactured

good

oil, cars, pharmaceuticals and

science instruments

Lesson 4: To know what is meant by a global economy and steps to prevent the exploitation of workers.

Global Economy

Advances in transport and communication now allows

companies to operate across more than one country.

These are called multi-national companies.

Some of these have become global brands which are seen

right around the world such as McDonalds, Apple, Coca-

Cola, Samsung, Disney etc

Nowadays a product might be assembled in one country,

using components from different countries.

The origin of Jeans

Can you create a

key to show which

countries produce

the raw materials,

which are involved

in production and

which are retail

outlets?

Businesses want to keep production costs low, so they can

make a bigger profit.

This means that sometimes arrange for things to be

manufactured in countries where workers are paid less.

This saves them money.

Most of our imports of clothes come from China, Bangladesh

and Turkey

Do you think workers here are paid at the same rate as in

the UK?

No. Lower wages allow the clothes to be sold for less money.

Most companies have ethics – this means that they do not

knowingly exploit workers.

However some companies do not, using sweatshops or child

labour.

We should try to avoid buying their products to stop them

from doing this.

Activity 1

After reading some of the case studies on the previous

slides, bullet point some of the ways to prevent the

exploitation of workers

•1

•2

•3

•4

•5

Activity 2

Sort the following effects of globalisation into a table under

‘positive’ and ‘negative’