1

Molecular variability within the FMD virus O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 lineage Begoña Valdazo-González PhD, MRCVS, The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom

2

Since 2002, new emerging lineage that spread over much of southern Asia reaching not only Europe (Bulgaria) but also North Africa (Egypt and Libya)

Characterization of the virus on basis of the VP1

O/BUL/1/2010 (Burgas 30/12/2010) O/TUR/926/2010* (Bursa 26/07/2010) O/TUR/1086/2010* (Antalya 16/08/2010) O/TUR/840/2010* (Agri 15/07/2010)

O/TUR/1094/2010* (Giresun 11/08/2010)

O/TUR/868/2010* (Eskisehir 20/07/2010) O/TUR/1003/2010* (Sivas 10/08/2010) O/TUR/18/2010 (Gumushane 09/07/2010) O/TUR/883/2010* (Kastamonu 23/07/2010)

O/TUR/35/2010 (Erzincan 13/08/2010) O/TUR/153/2010* (Gaziantep) O/TUR/154/2010* (Gaziantep)

O/IRN/94/2010 (West Azerbaijan 15/04/2010) O/IRN/92/2010 (West Azerbaijan 14/04/2010)

O/AFG/59/2010 (Samangan 14/05/2010) O/PAK/36/2010 (Gilgit-Baltistan 29/07/2010)

O/TUR/36/2010 (Kocaeli 13/08/2010) O/UKG/12/2001 (AJ311724)

O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AJ251477)

97

100

0.01

500 km

300 mi

© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com

Bulgaria

Turkey

IranAntalya

BursaSivas Ağrı

Eskişehir

Gümüşhane

Kastamonu

Kocaeli

VP1 region 640 nt

* putative functions

Poly(C)

L 1A 1B 1C 1D 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3C 3D

Protease Carboxy-terminal

self-cleaving Protease Capsid NTP binding* Polymerase

Genome-linked

(VPg)

Membrane-binding

VP4 VP2 VP3 VP1

VPG

5’UTR

AAA (n)

3’UTR

500 km

300 mi

© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com

Bulgaria

Turkey IranAntalya

Bursa

Sivas AğrıEskişehir

Gümüşhane

Kastamonu

O/M

E-SA

/Pan

Asi

a-2

AN

T-1

0

Valdazo –González et al 2011

3

• 1,129 VP1 sequences of O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 - FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD)

- 2002-2014

- 24 countries

- Cattle, small ruminants, pigs and wild life

- Water buffalo, wild board, oryx and gazelle

• Analysis

- Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA)

- Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees (BEAST)

Variability, origin and evolution rate of O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2

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• Classification:

A. Per country

B. Per year

C. Per host species

Preliminary results: Genetic variability of O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 A.

B.

C.

Sub-lineage Frequency Origin of the name TER-08 0.4% Unknown BAL-09 0.6% Balkh, Afghanistan FAR-09 8.1% Fars, Iran SAN-09 0.2% Şanlıurfa,Turkey PUN-10 0.6% Punjab, Pakistan ANT-10 50.6% Gaziantep, Turkey Unnamed 39.5% -

5

Preliminary analysis: Molecular clock of O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2

HKN model of base substitution

Relaxed molecular clock

Bayesian skyline plot

• Nt substitution

- 9.06×10-3/site/year (95% HPD: 8.28×10-3 - 9.90×10-3)

• Ancestor

~1999

(95% HPD= 1995 - 2011)

Preliminary MCC tree (1000 sampling trees)

6

• Standardization of the classification of these viruses Comparison classification using different analysis

Comparison with classification by other authors - Jamal et al 2011. Infect Genet Evol.

- Yuvaraj et al 2013. Infect Genet Evol.

• Understanding of the epidemiological dynamics of these viruses Origin and evolution rates of different sub-lineages

Phylogeography

• Development of approaches to predict the emergence of new viral lineages and sub-lineages in endemic countries

Further analysis

7

Acknowledgements

• The Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom

- Nick J. Knowles

- Donald P. King

- Jemma Wadsworth

- Katarzyna Bachanek-Bankowska

• Department for Environment, Food&Rural Affairs (Research grant no. SE2940), United Kingdom

Thank you for your attention!