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7/28/2019 Final Draft FMD
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Foot and Mouth Disease
Trina Johnson, Cari
Ostrom, Carolyn Ritter,
Craig Spray, and Lindsay
Wilson
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What is Foot and Mouth?
Acute viral infectious disease
Begins with fever, followed by the
development of vesicles on mouthand feet
Very infectious and spreads rapidly
Wild and domesticated cloven hoofed
animals are affected Rarely fatal, but pregnant animals
often abort and dairy cattle may dryup
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Illustration
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Universal Symptoms of
Foot and Mouth Disease
Shivering
Tender and sore feet
Slobbering and smacking lips
Blisters on hoof, feet, snout, or
tongue
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Illustration
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Clinical disease anddiagnosis
All species of cloven-hoofedanimals are susceptible to FMD,
including domestic livestock and
wild ungulates. Clinical signs areessentially similar in all species
although the severity may vary.
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Specific signs in Cattle
Slobbering and smacking lips
Shivering
Tender and sore feet
Reduced milk yield
Sores and blisters on feet Raised body temperature
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Specific signs in Sheep
Sudden, severe lameness
Lying down frequently and
unwillingness to rise
Reluctance to move
Blisters found on the hoof,
dental pad and sometimes
tongue
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Specific signs in Swine
Sudden lameness
Preference to lie down
Loud squeal and hobbling when
set into motion
Blisters may develop on snout,
tongue and/or hoof
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Important!!
Swine Vesicular Disease has
identical symptoms to FMD.
Therefore anyone who sees
blisters in pigs must report thesighting as suspected FMD, until
laboratory tests prove otherwise.
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How its spread!
Although there are
numerous ways this
disease can be spread,
three surface to the top.
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Most predominant paths
of transmission are..
Human intervention
Animal to Animal contact
Airborne transmission
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Human intervention
People wearing contaminated
clothing, or footwear
Using contaminated equipment I.e.veterinary tools, shovels, etc.
Contaminated vehicles traveling from
farm to farm
Using contaminated facilities to
house susceptible animals
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Animal to Animal contact
Animals carrying the virus are
introduced to susceptible herds
Susceptible cows inseminatedby infected bulls
Direct contact with infected
wildlife
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Airborne transmission
Through the air in aerosols from
infected animals
Birds can play a substantial rolein transmission as well
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Ways to Control Foot
and Mouth Disease
Vaccination
Surveillance programs
Quarantine procedures Establishment of control zones
Strict Biosecurity
Reporting of confirmed cases
Using All-In/All-Out
Cleansing and disinfectionOver 250 approved disinfectants
(www.ahda.org.uk/disinfectants.htm)
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Vaccine Choice
Safe
Potent
Proven protection
Appropriate
Consult National or International
Reference laboratory or amanufacturer about the most
appropriate strain to use
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Vaccine Strains Have
Been Selected For Their:
Immunogenicity
Ability to grow well in tissue
culture
Broad antigenic spectrum
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Individual Herd
Vaccination
Reduces the morbidity in adults
Reduces mortality in young
Reduces likelihood of incursion Can reduce the severity and
duration of the disease due to
raising the herds immunity level Combined with good biosecurity
control
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Advice to Farmers
Keep Livestock separate
Deal with sheep last
Keep yourself clean Keep the farm secure
Keep unnecessary vehicles away
Clean and disinfect Avoid visiting other farms
Look for early signs of disease
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Eradication of FMD
Slaughter and disposal is
essential to eliminate the
source A rapid and complete
elimination is necessary
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Disposal
Cremation (preferred)
Burial
Rendering
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Movement controls
Infected area
Protection zone
Surveillance zone
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Emergency Vaccine
(Two Objectives)
Dampening down vaccinations
Protective emergency
vaccinations to produce animmune belt
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Questions?