Molecular Molecular CompoundsCompounds

SNC2DSNC2D

Molecular CompoundsMolecular CompoundsSometimes non-metals don’t borrow Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow

electrons from metals to fill their electrons from metals to fill their last shell; instead, they get together last shell; instead, they get together and ?and ?

Molecular CompoundsMolecular CompoundsSometimes non-metals don’t borrow Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow

electrons from metals to fill their electrons from metals to fill their last shell; instead, they get together last shell; instead, they get together and and shareshare their electrons. their electrons.

Molecular CompoundsMolecular CompoundsSince they are sharing valence Since they are sharing valence

electrons, the bond formed between electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called ?the atoms is called ?

Molecular CompoundsMolecular CompoundsSince they are sharing valence Since they are sharing valence

electrons, the bond formed between electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called the atoms is called covalentcovalent..

Molecular CompoundsMolecular CompoundsSince they are sharing valence Since they are sharing valence

electrons, the bond formed between electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called the atoms is called covalentcovalent..

These compounds can be represented These compounds can be represented using Lewis dot diagrams: e.g.using Lewis dot diagrams: e.g.

Molecular CompoundsMolecular CompoundsOr, more commonly, by Kekulé Or, more commonly, by Kekulé

diagrams, where each electron diagrams, where each electron shared is represented by a line shared is represented by a line connecting the chemical symbols, connecting the chemical symbols, e.g.:e.g.:

Molecular CompoundsMolecular CompoundsExample:Example:

Molecular CompoundsMolecular CompoundsExample:Example:

Multiple BondsMultiple BondsThe sharing of more than one electron The sharing of more than one electron

is represented using more than one is represented using more than one line, e.g.:line, e.g.:

Multiple BondsMultiple BondsThe sharing of more than one electron The sharing of more than one electron

is represented using more than one is represented using more than one line, e.g.:line, e.g.:

There is a There is a double bonddouble bond between the between the carbon atoms.carbon atoms.

Naming Molecular Naming Molecular CompoundsCompounds

The elements in the name are given The elements in the name are given prefixes corresponding to the prefixes corresponding to the subscripts (number of atoms) and subscripts (number of atoms) and the second element is given the the second element is given the suffix “-ide.”suffix “-ide.”

e.g.e.g. COCO22 is carbon is carbon didioxideoxide

The PrefixesThe Prefixes 11 22 33 44 55 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes 11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 33 44 55 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes 11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 44 55 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes 11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 55 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes 11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes 11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes 11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 Hexa-Hexa- 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes 11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 Hexa-Hexa- 77 Hepta-Hepta-

The PrefixesThe Prefixes 11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 Hexa-Hexa- 77 Hepta-Hepta-* The 1* The 1stst element in the name never element in the name never

need a mono-need a mono-

ExamplesExamples OFOF44

NN22OO ClCl22OO77

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride NN22OO ClCl22OO77

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide ClCl22OO77

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride IClICl33

diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride IClICl33

diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide PP22OO55

sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride IClICl33

diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide PP22OO55

sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide SISI66

Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional NamesSome compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly

known by other names.known by other names.

e.g. e.g. NHNH33

CHCH44

HH22OO

Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional NamesSome compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly

known by other names.known by other names.

e.g. e.g. NHNH33 ammoniaammoniaCHCH44

HH22OO

Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional NamesSome compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly

known by other names.known by other names.

e.g. e.g. NHNH33 ammoniaammoniaCHCH44 methanemethaneHH22OO

Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional NamesSome compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly

known by other names.known by other names.

e.g. e.g. NHNH33 ammoniaammoniaCHCH44 methanemethaneHH22OO waterwater

The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic GasesThe elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, ,

and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:

name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”

e.g.e.g. HH22

ClCl22

OO22

The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic GasesThe elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, ,

and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:

name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”

e.g.e.g. HH22 hydrogen gashydrogen gasClCl22

OO22

The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic GasesThe elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, ,

and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:

name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”

e.g.e.g. HH22 hydrogen gashydrogen gasClCl22 chlorine gaschlorine gasOO22

The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic GasesThe elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, ,

and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:

name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”

e.g.e.g. HH22 hydrogen gashydrogen gasClCl22 chlorine gaschlorine gasOO22 oxygen gasoxygen gas

ActivityActivity““Modelling Molecules”Modelling Molecules”

You need a handout and a modelling You need a handout and a modelling kit.kit.