Richard Hanson

This was the first agreement between the 13 states to become a joint nation.

It was constructed by congress in 1777 but ratified in 1781.

It served as a “constitution” until 1789 when the US Constitution was ratified.

Although the foundation for the nation, it had many flaws.

It made it so

states gave up

their land willingly

to the nation.

No court or

president

Congress could not

regulate shipping.

Congress could not

tax.

Daniel Shay lead this rebellion

He gathered a militia to show that this financial situation in the US was unbearable.

This proved the Article were weak because the US could not pay its federal troops to stop this rebellion.

It also showed that if the financial difficulties weren’t fixed, the US would be consumed with these revolts

This is the document that reformed the Article of Conferderation.

It established a president and a court system.

It also allowed congress to regulate shipping

It allowed congress to tax.

Seven States were need to hold a meeting

Decisions would be made by the majority. (States were given one vote each)

This committee would be secret from the public

New Jersey Plan The Articles of Confederation should be amended.

In addition to the existing powers under the Articles of Confederation, Congress gained authority to raise funds via tariffs and other measures, and to regulate interstate commerce and commerce with other nations. Cases involving these powers would still be heard by state courts unless appealed to the federal judiciary.

Congress has the authority to collect taxes from states based on the number of free inhabitants and 3/5ths of slaves in that state. However, this power requires the consent of some proportion of the states.

Congress elects a federal executive, consisting of multiple people, who cannot be re-elected and can be recalled by Congress when requested by the majority of executives of the states.

The federal judiciary is represented by a Supreme Tribunal, appointed by the federal executive, which has authority in federal impeachment cases and as the appeal of last resort in cases dealing with national matters (such as treaties).

The Articles of Confederation and treaties are the supreme law of the land. The federal executive is authorized to use force to compel non-compliant states to observe the law.

A policy of admission of new states should be established.

A singular policy for naturalization should be established.

A citizen of one state can be prosecuted under the laws of another state in which the crime was committed

Virginia Plan The Virginia Plan proposed a legislative

branch consisting of two chambers

Each of the states would be represented in proportion to their “Quotas of contribution, or to the number of free inhabitants

States with a large population would thus have more representatives than smaller states

Made the House of

Representatives

and Senate

The House of

Representatives

would be based on

population

Senate would be

based on equal

voting

This was made

because the south

wanted more

representatives.

This stated that

one slave was 3/5

of a person

This established the Electoral College

The electoral college would determine the president

The popular vote would influence the electors decision

The populous would elect the electors.

Federalist The supported the

constitution

The liked the bill of

rights and believe the

federal government

had the right amount

of power

Antifederalist They opposed the

constitution

They thought the

federalist government

had too much power

They believe the bill

of rights did not

recognized the needs

of the people

• Preamble

• This defined what

the United States

would do.

• It said that it would

• United the

states

• Create a

system of fair

laws and court

• Maintain peace

• Have a ready

military

• Help the

people live

prosperous

lives

• Would

guarantee

freedom to the

• Seven Articles

• Article I: Congress

• Article II: President/Vice

President

• Article III: Courts

• Article IV: Respect for

the States legislation.

Defined how to make a

state

• Article V: Defined how

amendments can be

made

• Article VI: Said federal

law trumps state law

• Article VII: 9 states need

to ratify before it would

take effect.

• 27 Amendments

• Amendments are

additions/ changes to

the constitution.

• The Bill of Rights

added the first 10

• The rest have been

added throughout the

history of the United

States

These are additions to the constitution

Religion prohibits the US government

from establishing an official religion

Speech Citizens can say what they want

punishment by the government.

Press Government cannot censor films

or printed material because of offensive ideas

Assembly People can get together as a

group so long as it is peaceful

Petition Right to express your ideas to

the government

Amendment XXVI: made the voting age 18

Amendment XXIII: Washington DC residents can vote for president and vice president.

Amendment XIII: Outlawed slavery and forced labor

Amendment XV: All men can vote regardless of race

Amendment XVII: voters vote for senators directly

NAACP formed to pursue freedoms for African Americans

Desegregation of the Arm Forces in 1945

Amendment XXIV made poll taxes are illegal in national and state elections

Martin Luther King Jr. used Peaceful protest to stop segregation

Civil Rights Act was made to prohibits discrimination in public facilities, employment, education, voter registration by race, color, gender, religion, national origin

Federal government begins affirmative action to encourage hiring/promoting minorities and women