Module 1_DRR CCA Linkage

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Module 1

Linking Disasters, Climate Change,and Development


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Learning Objectives

Understand the link among disasters, climate

change and sustainable development

Appreciate the importance of mainstreaming

climate and disaster risk reduction in

development planning processes


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Outline

Impact of disasters How hazards become disasters

Disaster Development Model

How Disaster Risk Reduction Works

Convergence of DRR and CCA

Framework for Mainstreaming DRR and CCA in

Development


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Impacts of Disasters

Source: 2012, Thursday Insights Presentation of DG

Vinod, ADB


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Impacts of Disasters

Photo: Richel Umel /

Reuters

Source: 2012, Thursday Insights Presentation of DG

Vinod, ADB

Source: 2012, Punongbayan, R. Mainstreaming

DRR/CCA into cLUPs

Typhoon Sendong


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Disasters and Assistance to

Affected Persons

In 2007, ADB. Philippines: Critical Constraints to Development


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Large financing gap

3.2 B disaster financing in 2008 from

calamity fund and other sources (WB)

17.67 B average annual economic losses (ADB)


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0

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

70,000,000

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Disasters events Urban Population Trendline (Disaster events)

Trends: Growing urbanization and increasing

exposure to disaster events in the Philippines

Source: CRED EM-DAT database and World Bank Open Data Initiative

(In 2012, N. Britton, ADB, Briefing on the TA 7812, Developing Risk

Financing Capability for the Philippines)

Rapid rate of urbanization in the Philippines

2005-2030 est. growth of 67% (+35m people)

to 76%


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How hazards become disasters


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D

I

S

A

S

T

ER

S

Fr

Fragile physical

environment

Dangerous locations

Unprotected buildings

and infrastructure

Fragile local economy

Livelihoods at risk

Low income levels

Vulnerable society

Special groups at risk

Lack of local

institutions

Public actions

Lack of disaster

preparedness

Flood

Landslides

Tsunami

Storm surge

Earthquakes

Volcanic

eruptions

Lack of:

Local institutionsTraining

Appropriate skills

Local investment

Macroforces

Rapid population

growthRapid urbanization

Deforestation

Decline in soil

productivity

Limited access to:

Power structures

Resources

Ideologies

Political systems

Economic systems

HAZARDS UNSAFE CONDITIONS DYNAMIC PRESSURES ROOT CAUSE

Adapted from Wisner., et al, 2004 pressures that result in disasters

Progression of Vulnerability


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A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causingwidespread human, material or environmental losses that exceed the ability ofaffected society to cope using only its own resources. Natural disaster would be adisaster caused by nature or natural causes.

Vulnerability is the propensity or predisposition of an exposed population or assetto be adversely affected.

Climate change adaptation: An adjustment in natural or human systems in

response to actual or expected climate stimuli or their effects, which moderatesharm or exploits benefit opportunities.

Disaster risk reduction: The broad development and application of policies,strategies and practices to minimise vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughoutsociety, through prevention, mitigation and preparedness


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Disaster and Development Model


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How climate change increases

disaster risks

CC changes the magnitude and frequency of

extreme events: coping and response

mechanisms and economic planning for disasters

based on past vulnerabilities may no longersuffice

CC changes average climatic conditions and

climate variability, affecting underlying riskfactors, and it generates new threats: which a

country may have no experience in dealing with

Source: 2008. Tearfund. Linking Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction


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Paradigm Shift

Disastermanagement

Disaster riskmanagement:disaster riskreduction + disastermanagement

Comprehensive/Integrateddisaster risk management:

disaster risk management +disaster risk financing+climate change adaptation


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How DRR Works


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Overlap between DRR and CCA

2008. DFID. Convergence of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation


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Source: IPCC (2012) MANAGING THE RISKS OF EXTREME EVENTS AND DISASTERS TO ADVANCECLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

Core Concepts: Climate, Disaster Risks and Development


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Similarities

Similar aims: both seek to build resilience to hazards

in the context of sustainable development

Mutual benefits: DRR supports adaptation and vice-

versa

Non-structural measures such as policies, knowledgedevelopment and awareness raising, participatory

mechanisms can both serve the DRR and CCA agenda

Poverty reduction is an essential component of

reducing vulnerability to hazards and climate change

Mainstreaming efforts

Converging political agendas


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Development planning process

PlanningInvestmentProgramming

RevenueGeneration

Project Evaluation& Development

Budgeting

ExpenditureManagement

PPAs

Implementation

Monitoring &evaluation

PDIP/AIP

Source: 2007. NEDA-ADB. Provincial/Local Planning and Expenditure Management


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Development Planning System and

Outputs in the Philippines


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Hazard Characterization/

Frequency Analysis

ConsequenceAnalysis

Risk Estimation

Risk Evaluation

Planning Environment

Population

Economic Activity

Physical Resources/

Transport

Land Use and Physical Framework

Income

and

Services

Development Issues, Goals,

Objectives/Targets

Strategies and PPAs

Vision

Project Evaluation

and Development

Investment

Programming

Budgeting

Implementation,

Monitoring and Evaluation

MAINSTREAMING FRAMEWORK

Disaster Risk Assessment Development Planning

Source: NEDA-UNDP-EU Guidelines on Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Subnational Development and Land Use/Physical Planning


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Documents

Module 1_DRR CCA Linkage