MODULE 07A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

8/20/2019 MODULE 07A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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M`st oeenkidts oriA nd thi /ondA eousik >y hu/od eorijissdiss odk oeenkidts ndthi 2`r< ,joei ori o/`dl thi /ond eousis `b kioth odk knso>njnty.

[hiy oriA okkntn`dojjyA thi eousi `b o lriot j`ss `b /od%hùrs odkA thusA e`ste`/,odnis =odk ndknnkuojs4 jorli o/ùdts `b /`diy.

jj ,irs`ddij shùjk >i o2oriA d`t `djy `b thi ,`tidtnoj b`r oeenkidts odk ndGuryA2hiriir thiy 2`rut ojs` `b thi jilnsjotn`d odk ndb`r/otn`d thot ns oonjo>ji ndod otti/,t t` ,riidt oeenkidts oetuojjy ho,,idndl.

8hnji nt ns ndeu/>idt u,`d e`/,odnis =nd oee`rkodei 2nth [hi Modoli/idt `b$iojth odk obity ot 8`r< +ilujotn`ds ?1174A t` idsuri thot ojj ,irs`ddijrieini oki6uoti trondndl nd $iojth odk obity /ottirsA thns M`kuji e`dtonds ori/ndkir `b s`/i `b thi lidiroj sobity ,rieoutn`ds 2hneh ori dieissoryA 2hid2`rir 77 &oli ?


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[iehdnenods shùjk `djy `,iroti i6un,/idt 2nth 2hneh thiy ori bo/njnor odk2hneh thiy eod `,iroti sobijy. $odk t``js shùjk >i i bujjy e`dirsodt 2nth thi ,rieoutn`ds ri6unrik t` ,riidt ùt>rioi 6uojnbnik nd thi `,irotn`d `b ody bnri ,r`tietn`d i6un,/idt thot ns,r`nkikA odk shùjk i toir 77 &oli ?


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7.?.?[hi ‘Bnri [rnodlji„

Bnri risujts br`/ thi ehi/neoj rioetn`d thot èeurs 2hid `xylid e`/>ndis ro,nkjy2nth buij t` ,r`kuei hiotA =odk jnlht4. [hrii issidtnojs `b thns ,rèiss b`r/ thi‘Bnri [rnodlji„ =ribir t` Bnl.?4.

s eod >i siidA o bnri ri6unris thrii e`/,`didts t` >urdA odk thi ri/òj `b ody`di `b thisi e`/,`didts 2njj ixtndlunsh thi bnri. [hi ri6unri/idts `b thi thriie`/,`didtsA b`r/ndl thi ‘Bnri [rnodlji„A ori

• Buij o e`/>ustn>ji /otirnojA 2hneh /oy >i o s`jnkA jn6unk `r los

• -xylid nd subbnenidt `ju/i t` su,,`rt thi ,rèiss `b e`/>ustn`d

• $iot `b subbnenidt ndtidsnty t` ronsi thi ti/,iroturi `b thi buij t` ntsnldntn`d =`r y thi ty,i `b

/otirnoj thot ns >indl >urdik. )d oj,ho>itneojA `rkir thi ejossis `b bnri ori

• Ejoss `btid >nsh.

• Ejoss ( `btid kisern>ik os jn6unk bnrisA odk ndejuki bnris nd /otirnojs sueh osndtirdoj e`/>ustn`d idlndi buijsA oje`h`jA `njsA lriosis odk `nj%>osik ,ondts.

• Ejoss E ndejuki bnris nd`jndl bjo//o>ji losis odk ijietrneoj bnris =2hneheod èeur nd busi >`xisA s2ntehisA o,,jnodeisA /`t`rs odk lidirot`rs4.

• Ejoss 0 ribir t` bnris `b hnlh ndtidsntyA 2hneh /oy èeur nd sueh /itojs os/oldisnu/A ,`tossnu/A s`knu/A tntodnu/ odk ;nre`dnu/. [hi lriotist ho;orknd thisi /otirnojsA ns 2hid thiy ori inthir nd jn6unk =/`jtid4 b`r/A `r nd bndijyknnkik b`r/s sueh os kustA ehn,,ndlsA turdndls `r shondls.


[hi ‘Bnri [rnodlji„Bnl. ?


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7.?.5Bnri Ixtndlunshodts odk thinr Ysis

[hi /ith`ks `b ixtndlunshndl bnris hoi jik t` thi kiij`,/idt `b siiroj ty,is`b ixtndlunshodts t` eotir b`r knbbiridt ty,is `b bnri. [hisi /ith`ks ndejuki

• E``jndl thi buij

• Ixejukndl thi `xylid

• i,orotndl thi buij br`/ thi `xylid

[hi /otirnojsA usik os lidiroj ‘k`/istne odk e`//irenoj„ ixtndlunshodtsA knbbirbr`/ th`si usik nd onrerobt Bnri &r`tietn`d systi/s odkA 2hnji thi onrerobt systi/sori knseussik nd `thir M`kujis `b thns eùrsiA e`dsnkirotn`d ns lnid hiri `djy t`thi ixtndlunshodts odk ixtndlunshirs 2hneh e`db`r/ t` thi I!5 todkork bnriixtndlunshir e`ki. [hi /otirnojs usik nd thisi ixtndlunshirs ori

• 8otir =8otirO'os4

• 6uiùs Bnj/%B`r/ndl Bò/ =BBB4

• Eor>`d 0n`xnki =E-74

• 0ry &`2kir

,,jyndl thi nde`rriet ixtndlunshodt t` o bnri eod k` /`ri hor/ thod l``k odk/oyA oetuojjyA >i kodlirùs. )t nsA thirib`riA n/,`rtodt thot ixtndlunshirs ori 2ijj/ory thi ixtndlunshir e`dtondirs 2iri e`jùr%e`kik ojj ìrt` snldnby thinr e`dtidts. [hi I!5 todkork hos thi >`knis `b iiry bnriixtndlunshir e`jùrik rik ojj ìrA 2nth od nkidtnbyndl >odk `b e`jùrA si,orotik>y 2hnti jndisA nkidtnbyndl thi ixtndlunshodt e`dtondik nd thi ixtndlunshir.

[o>ji 7B)+I IL[)!'Y)$I+ )0I![)B)E[)-! !0 YI

I!5 todkork Ixtndlunshirs =jj%rik E`dtondir4Ixtndlunshodt (odk E`jùr [y,is ̀ b Bnri

8otir=8otirO'os4

+ik `jnks ̀ djyA >ut !-[ Ijietrneoj !-+Bjo//o>ji n6unks

6uiùs Bnj/%B`r/ndl Bò/=BBB4

Erio/ -njA BotsA &ondtA &itr`jA odk `jnksA>ut !-[ sobi `d Ijietrneoj bnris

Eor>`d 0n`xnki=E-74

(joe< 'osisA IjietrneojA Bjo//o>ji n6unksodk `jnks >ut !-[ (urdndl Mitojs

0ry &`2kir (jui (urdndl MitojsA Bjo//o>ji n6unksAodk Ijietrneoj =H? :A N? /4 bnris



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Br`/ [o>ji 7 nt eod >i siid thot 8otir `r 8otirO'os ixtndlunshirs ori -! t`>i usik `d bnris nd`jndl >urdndl s`jnks =Ejoss bnris4. 8otir eùjk ojs` eousi

jn6unk bnris t` s,riok odkA `>nùsjyA usndl 2otir `d ijietrneoj i6un,/idt eùjkhoi jithoj risujtsA s` thisi ixtndlunshirs /ust !-[ >i usik `d Ejoss ( !-+`d Ejoss E bnris. 8otir shùjkA ojsÀ !-[ >i usik `d >urdndl /itoj =Ejoss 04bnrisA os thi `xylidA nd thi 2otirA 2njj eousi thi bnris t` >urd /`ri bnireijy odk ntsusi eùjk jiok t` n`jidt ix,j`sn`ds. 6uiùs Bnj/%B`r/ndl Bò/ =BBB4 ns >ist suntik b`r Ejoss ( bnrisA kui t` ntss/`thirndl odk e``jndl oetn`d odk t` thi boet thot nts bndir ,ortnejis 2njj d`t eousithi bnri t` s,riok. BBB ixtndlunshirs eod ojs` >i usik `d Ejoss bnris =thùlhnts e``jndl oetn`d ns d`t os ibbietni os thi 2otir ixtndlunshirs4A >utA >ieousiBò/ kìs e`dtond 2otirA BBB ixtndlunshirs ori e`dsnkirik t` >i !-[ sobi `d

ijietrneoj bnris 2hiri hnlh `jtolis ori ideùdtirik.

Eor>`d 0n`xnki =E-74 ns thi ‘udnirsoj„ bnri ixtndlunshir odkA >indl d`d%e`rr`sniAd`d%e`dkuetniA odk jiondl d` risnkuiA nt ns sunto>ji b`r oj/`st ojj ty,is `b bnri.E-7 ixtndlunshirs /ust !-[A h`2iirA >i usik `d Ejoss 0 bnrisA os thiixtndlunshodt rikueis thi ti/,iroturi iry 6uneori hodksA os thi ndtidsi e`jk `b thirijiosik E-7 2njj brii;i thi s>irA ndsujotik eòtndl ns ,r`nkik `d thi knsehorli tu>i odk thi E-7/ust >i knrietik t`2orks thi bnri >y lros,ndl odk /odn,ujotndl thi ndsujotiktu>i.

0ry &`2kir ns od`thir ixtndlunshodt 2hneh ns sunto>ji b`r /`st ejossis `b bnriAodkA nd ,ortneujorA th`si nd`jndl >urdndl /itojs =onrerobt 2hiij >roji`b e`dkuetndl hnlh `jtolis =nd ixeiss `b ? :4 odkA ,`ssn>jyA jissir `jtolis nbthiy ori usik ot knstodeis `b jiss thod ? /itri br`/ ijietrneoj bnris. 0ry &`2kir

=nd o sn/njor 2oy t` Bò/4A jiois o /issy risnkui obtir nts usiA 2hneh eùjk,risidt o ,r`>ji/ t` ijietrneoj e`dtoets odk enreuntry.

!`ti )t ns ,`ssn>ji thot thi `jkir todkork ‘$oj`d„ bnri ixtndlunshodts =nd lriid%e`jùrik e`dtondirs4 /oy >i bùdk ot /ody ndk``r jèotn`ds. Ydb`rtudotijyA 2hnji$oj`ds =$oj`lidotik $ykrèor>`ds4 ori ixtri/ijy ibbietni os ixtndlunshodts `bnrtuojjy iiry ejoss `b bnriA nt ns bijt thot thiy e`dtrn>uti t` thi ki,jitn`d `b thi`;`di joyir surrùdkndl Iorth odkA sÀ thiy ori >indl ,hosik ùt `b usi.

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$#$ %n&' On)

)t hos >iid ,rin`usjy knseussik thotA 2hid 2`rji. n/njorjyA thiri 2njj >i Bnrst nk ,`ndts 2hiri i/irlideyijjs ori ndstojjik odk thiri 2njj >i trondikBnrst nk ,irs`ddij t` ossnst nd thi triot/idt `b ndGurnis. )t ns thi ris,`dsn>njnty `biiry ,irs`d ot 2`r< t` ijjsA odk thi sntndl `b o,,r`,rnoti tiji,h`dis 2hneh

/oy >i usik t` su//`d hij, nd od i/irlidey• [hi nkidtnty `b thi trondik Bnrst nk ,irs`ddij nd thinr nendnty

)d thi iidt `b od ndGury =h`2iir sjnlht4A nt ns n/,`rtodt thot thi ndGurik ,irs`dA `rthi ottidkndl Bnrst nkirA sh`ujk e`/,jiti od idtry nd thi eenkidt (``


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7.5.7Ijietrnenty

[hi hu/od >`ky e`dkuets ijietrnenty. Burthir/`riA ijietrneoj eurridtA ,ossndlthrùlh thi >`kyA knsru,ts thi dirùs systi/ odk eousis >urds ot thi idtry odkixnt ,`ndts. [hi eurridtA usik nd k`/istne 77%7# `jtA 9$; oe ijietrnentyA ns,ortneujorjy kodlirùs >ieousi nt obbiets diris nd sueh o 2oy thot o ,irs`dAh`jkndl o eurridt%eorryndl e`dkuet`rA ns udo>ji t` rijiosi nt. [o>ji 7 sh`2s s`/ity,neoj hor/buj ojuis odk ibbiets `b >`th oe odk ke ijietrnenty su,,jnis.

[o>ji 7$+MBY :YI -B IIE[+)E)[

:`jtoliOEurridt &`ssn>ji -ute`/i

9: oe r̀ ?: ke Moy lni rnsi t̀ kodlir̀ us shèut eod >i rijiosik

?7 K 7 / :iry ,ondbujA eodd`t >i rijiosik

7 K 9 / &orojysns ̀ b ris,nrotn`d

N 9 / $iort st`,,oli

ndei 2otir ojs` e`dkuets ijietrnentyA lriot eori /ust >i tojyAo sobity eut%ùt kinei.

)d e`dGudetn`dA /`ri `btid thod d`tA 2nth nld`rodei `r eorijissdissA ijietrneojho;orks lidirojjy ornsi kui t` `di `r /`ri `b thi b`jj`2ndl boet`rs

• )doki6uoti `r d`d%ixnstidt iorthndl• 8`rd `r ko/olik 2nrndlA ndsujotn`dA ,julsA sèi rilujorjy ehieiid k`diA o kotik jo>ijshùjk >i ottoehikA sh`2ndl 2hid thi i6un,/idt 2os jost tistik odk 2hid thidixt nds,ietn`d ns kui.

dy di2 nti/ `b i6un,/idt /ust hoi o tist jo>ij ottoehik. [hi ,risidei `b otist jo>ij kìs d`tA h`2iirA o>s`ji thi usir br`/ ehieib`ri usi.

)d thi iidt `b o ,irs`d 2ntdissndl od`thir ,irs`d rieinndl od ijietrne shèosne oetn`dsA t` >i b`jj`2ik >y thi 2ntdissA ori

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• hùt b`r hij, odk idsuri thiri ns d` kodlir `b ojs` >ie`/ndl o netn/

• 2nteh `bb thi ijietrneoj eurridt `r ri/ì thi netn/ br`/ thi su,,jy >y /iods

`b ndsujotik /otirnoj• )b thi netn/ hos eiosik >riothndlA ndntnoti risusentotn`d

• Eojj b`r ,r`bissn`doj /ikneoj hij,

• )b thi netn/ ns subbirndl br`/ >urdsA ixejuki onr br`/ 2ùdks

• [riot b`r shè< >y y jo2A >i kns,joyik `d2ojj ehorts nd 2`rut ns /odkot`ry 2hid lriotir thod 1 k(.

7.5.#$nlh%&rissuri 'osis

E`/,rissik losis ori bri6uidtjy usik nd thi /ondtidodei odk sirnendl `b

onrerobt. [hi usi `b e`/,rissik losis ri6unris o s,ienoj sit `b sobity /iosuris.[hi b`jj`2ndl rujis o,,jy b`r thi usi `b e`/,rissik losis

• Eyjndkirs `b e`/,rissik los /ust >i hodkjik nd thi so/i 2oy os ody hnlh%idirly =odk thirib`ri ,`tidtnojjy ix,j`sni4 sùreis

• Iyi ,r`tietn`d /ust oj2oys >i 2`rd 2hid hodkjndl e`/,rissik losis

• !iir usi o eyjndkir thot eodd`t >i ,`sntnijy nkidtnbnik

• 8hid st`rndl `r /`ndl o eyjndkirA hoi thi eo, sieurijy nd ,joei t` ,r`tietthi oji sti/

• 8hid jorli eyjndkirs ori /ìkA idsuri thot thiy ori sieurijy ottoehik t`

thi e`rriet tr`jjiy `r ihneji• Ysi thi o,,r`,rnoti rilujot`r `d ioeh los eyjndkir

• !iir knriet hnlh%,rissuri losis ot o ,irs`d

• 0` d`t usi e`/,rissik los `r e`/,rissik onr t` >j`2 o2oy kust odk knrtA osthi risujtndl bjyndl ,ortnejis ori kodlirùs

• +ijiosi e`/,rissik los sj`2jy. [hi ro,nk rijiosi `b o e`/,rissik los 2njjeousi od udsieurik los h`si t` 2hn, o>ùt odk iid >unjk u, o stotneehorliA 2hneh eùjk nldnti o e`/>ustn>ji los

• 3ii, los eyjndkirs ejiod. -nj `r lriosi `d od `xylid eyjndkir eod eousis,`dtodiùs e`/>ustn`d odk ix,j`sn`ds



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7.5.9'os (`ttji )kidtnbneotn`d

$nlh%,rissuri los eyjndkirs e`dtond ornùs ty,is `b losA thi /`st e`//`d usik`d e`//irenoj onrerobt >indl dntr`lid odk `xylid. [` idsuri e`rriet nkidtnbneotn`d`b thisi e`dtondirsA thiy ori e`jùr e`kik odk thi do/i `b thi los ns stidenjjik`d thi snki.

)d thi Y3A los e`dtondirs usi ( 5*?E os thi stodkork t` kitir/ndi thi e`rriete`jùr odk shoki b`r ioeh los ty,i. !ntr`lid >`ttjis ori ,ondtik lriy `d thi>`ky 2nth o >joe< die`ttjis ori >joe< 2nth o 2hnti die`ttjis `b Y /oduboeturi usi od ojtirdotni systi/A thi /ondknbbiridei >indl `xylid >`ttjis ori ,ondtik lriid ojj ìr.

7.5.$nlh%&rissuri 'os +i,jidnshndl

8hid ri,jidnshndl onrerobt sirneis sueh os tyris odk hykroujne oeeu/ujot`rs2nth hnlh%,rissuri losA eori /ust >i to`ttji eod h`jk os /uehos 7 >or =5 ,sn4 2hnjst od onrerobt tyri ,rissuri /oy `djy ri6unri " >or =?,sn4.

[` sobijy e`dtr`j thi losA t2` ,rissuri rilujotndl ojis ori usikA `di ot thist`roli >`ttji idk odk `di ot thi kijniry idk `b thi systi/. )b `di oji bonjs thi`thir 2njj ,riidt thi rieinndl issij br`/ to`ttji ,rissuri 2nth thie`dsi6uidei `b od ix,j`sn`d.

B`r okkik sobity thi los >`ttji oji `,idndl i jibt nd thi oji2hnjst kieodtndl `,irotn`ds ori e`/,jitik. )b ,r`>ji/s èeur thid thi hnlh%,rissuri >`ttji eod >i 6uneib`ri thi sntuotn`d >ie`/is kodlirùs.

[hi trodsbir `b hnlh%,rissuri losis br`/ o jorli st`roli >`ttji t` thi onrerobte`/,`didt ns `btid eojjik kieodtndl odk /ust >i k`di ot o iry sj`2 roti. )b thilos ns kieodtik ro,nkjy thi ti/,iroturi `b thi rieinndl e`/,`didt 2njj nderiosind oee`rkodei 2nth thi los jo2s.

lond usndl thi so/i los jo2s thi ti/,iroturi `b thi los nd thi e`dtondir 2njjkr`, t` o/>nidtA odk thi ,rissuri nd thot issij 2njj rikuei. [hi e`/,`didt,rissuri 2njj d`2 >i nde`rriet odk ri6unri thi kieodtndl ,rèiss t` >i ri,iotik.

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)d 2`ry o e`/,riss`r =2hnehns hùsik nd o ri/`ti >unjkndl4A odk bikA no lojjirnisA t` 2`r< stotn`ds. Eori /ust

>i toj`2d oer`ss o eut nd o ,irs`d„ssj``k strio/ odk eousi ndGury `r kioth. B`r thnsrios`dA onr%kustndl luds ori ristrnetik t` o>ùt 7 i ndbjotik ndsnki o str`dleoli. [hns eoli 2ùjk ,r`tiet thi ,irs`ddij 2`rurstndl.

7.5."-xylid ysti/s

M`kird onrerobt bjy ot ojtntukis 2hiri jnbi su,,`rt systi/s ori diikik. Iidthùlh /`st `b thisi onrerobt ori ,rissurnsikA i/irlidey `xylid /ust >i eorrniknd thi iidt thot thi ,rissurnsotn`d systi/ bonjs. /ojjir onrerobt eod eorry `xylidnd eyjndkirs 2hnjst thi jorlirA ennj onrerobt hoi ndknnkuoj `xylid lidirot`r udnts.

[hisi udnts ori st`2ik nd thi ìrhiok eorl` >ndsA o>ì thi ,ossidlir siotsAodk ori y /iods `b o ehi/neoj rioetn`dA odk ns oetnotik 2hid nts /os< =2hneh kr`,sbr`/ thi ìrhiok >nd nd od i/irlidey4 ns ,ujjik >y o ,ossidlir.

! t̀i 8hid &Ys rioeh thinr jnbi ix,nry odk hoi t` >i riturdik t` thinr/oduboeturirA nt ns ntoj thot ojj ,rieoutn`ds ori b`jj`2ik t` /o`ttjis `b `xylidA 2hneh eod >i ot ?# >or =7 ,sn4 `r/`ri. `/i tr̀ jjiys /oy ojs` hoi o >`ttji `b dntr̀ lidA t` ojj`2 thiri,jidnsh/idt `b hykroujne oeeu/ujot`rs odk jodkndl liors. [hi t2` ty,is `b>`ttjis /ust >i si,orotikA nd `rkir t` ,riidt thi oeenkidtoj /nxndl `b thi losis.

)t ns ixtri/ijy n/,`rtodt thot `xylid eyjndkirs >i triotik 2nth s,ienoj eoriA>ieousiA nd okkntn`d t` hondl ojj thi kodlirs ndhiridt 2nth ojj `thir hnlh%,rissuri losisA `xylid oj2oys ,`ssissis thi rns< `b e`/>ustn`d odk ix,j`sn`d.

s ,rinùsjy stotikA `xylid /ust diir >i ojj`2ik t` e`/i ndt` e`dtoet 2nth,itr`jiu/ ,r`kuets sueh os `nj odk lriosiA sndei `xylid eousis thisi /otirnojst` nldnti s,`dtodiùsjy odk t` >urd. Burthir/`riA od `nj%sòokjy `nj%stondik ìrojjs4A /ust diir >i usik 2hidndstojjndl od oko,tir `r o rilujot`r `d od `xylid eyjndkir.



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0ui t` thi rns< `b bnri odk ix,j`sn`dA ri,jidnshndl tr`jjiys /ust diir >i ,ori usik 2hid ossi/>jndl `xylide`/,`didts.

7.5.*notn`d -njs odk Buijs

notn`d `njsA lidirojjyA ori o bonrjy j`2%rns< /otirnoj 2hid e`/,orik 2nth thi/`ri `jotnjiA hnlhir knstnjjotis `b ,itr`jiu/ sueh os thi onotn`d buijs % ,itr`j=los`jndi4 odk ,orobbnd =rneotndl `njs ori bjo//o>jiA nb idùlhhiot ns lidirotik >utA 2hid thi /otirnojs ori idnld.

ydthitne ju>rneotndl `njsA /ithod`j odk s`/i hykroujne `njs /oy >i hor/buj `riid t`xne nb thinr o,ùrs ori ndhojik. jsÀ nb thiy e`/i ndt` e`dtoet 2nth thisjndkdiss. &ortneujor d`ti shùjk >i toi e`dtondik nd thi rijiodt/ondtidodei /oduojs odk thi rie`//idkik ,rèikuris b`r thi hodkjndl `bthisi jn6unks shùjk oj2oys >i `>sirik.

-njs odk buijs ojs` hoi od okirsi ibbiet `d ,ondt2`rnt e`rr`sn`d%,riidtn`d sehi/is. Eori shùjkA thirib`riA >itoutA nb o s,njjoli shùjk èeurA nt /ust >iejiodik u, n//iknotijy.

!`ti 2ii,ndl u, los`jndi s,njjoli 2nth o kry >r``/ eod eousi o >unjk u, `bstotne ijietrnentyA 2nth thi oee`/,odyndl rns< `b ix,j`sn`d.

8nth los`jndi odk osne rujisA sueh os d`t2iorndl b``t2ior 2nth donjs `r stuks =t` ,riidt s,orji.

!`ti jj ribirideis t` ribuijjndlA d`r/ojjyA ojs` ndejuki thi oetn`d `b ki%buijjndlodk >`th ori e`dsnkirik udkir thi e`//`d tir/ `b buijjndl.

0urndl ody buijjndl `,irotn`dA nd o 2`ri nd ,joei.

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7.5.1Ehi/neoj odk &hysn`j`lneoj $o;orks

Mody ehi/neoj e`/,ùdksA > t̀h jn6unk odk s j̀nkA ori usik nd onrerobt/ondtidodei odk thisi /oy diik s,ienbne ,rieoutn`ds. dy ,rieoutn`ds eod >ibùdk nd thi rijiodt /ondtidodei /oduojs odk nd thi E`dtr`j `b u>stodeis$o;orkùs t` $iojth =E-$$4 jiobjits o,,jneo>ji t` th`si /otirnojs.

[hi rodli `b okhisnis usik b`r ri,onr odk siojndl kurndl thi /ondtidodei `bonrerobt ns ost. jorli du/>ir `b thisi ,r`kuei o,ùrs 2hnehA lidirojjyA eod >ikodlirùs nd ody idej`sik s,oeiA >`th br`/ thi risujts `b ndhojotn`d `b dore`tnebu/is odk br`/ thi bnri rns< ossènotik 2nth th`si 2hneh lni `bb j̀otnjiAbjo//o>jiA o,ùrs.

urboei bndnshis ,risidt od`thir orio 2hiri thi ornùs ty,is `b /otirnoj usik=itehodtsA eijjuj̀ sisA oeryjnesA ido/ijsA ,`jyurithodis ite.4A knetoti s,ienbne,rieoutn`ds. [hi s`jidts usikA >ib`ri thi oetuoj ,ondtndl odk obtir2orksA diiksobity ,rieoutn`ds 2nth rilorks t` idtnjotn`dA rioetn`d 2nth `thir /otirnojs odkA/`st n/,`rtodtjyA thinr ,`ssn>ji e`rr`sniA t`xneA nrrntodt odk okknetni ibbiets `d,irs`ddij.

`/i /otirnojs hoi o /njkjy roknòetni ,r`,irtyA ojthùlh thiy i/nt jnttjin`dnsndl roknotn`d nd d`r/oj enreu/stodeis. [hisi /otirnojs ori s`/itn/isribirrik t` os ‘hioy /itojs„ odk eod >i bùdk nd >ojodei%2inlhts os 2ijj os nds/`y s,ienojjy trondik ,irs`ddijA odk2hnehA thirib`riA ri6unri /ody sobity ,rieoutn`ds t` o`nk ,irs`doj ndGury. [hisobity ,rieoutǹ ds b`r !0[ ,rèikuris 2njj >i bùdk 2nthnd thi /oduojso,,jneo>ji t` thinr i/,j`y/idt.

7.5.? nbtndl odk h`rndl

nrerobt /ust `btid >i ronsik br`/ thi hodlor bj``r b`r 2inlhndlA /ondtidodei `r

ri,onr. [hiri ori siiroj /ith`ks `b k`ndl thnsA h`2iirA odk thi /ondtidodei/oduojs /ust >i b`jj`2ikA kurndl 2hnehiir /ith`k ns usik.

)t ns `btid dieissory t` jnbt `djy `di 2hiij br`/ thi bj``rA t` ehodli o 2hiij `r t`sirnei o 2hiij ossi/>jy `r >ro


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8hid Goey thi`thir jils. Eori /ust >i sh`2dA 2hid Goei e`ddietik t` thi onrbro/i /nlht >i

• Ydkir thi 2ndlsA ot thi /ond s,or ,`sntn`d• Ydkir thi d`si• Ydkir thi tonj ossi/>jy• -d thi snki `b thi br`dt busijoli =nd ,joei `b thi d`si Goe`th 2nth lriot eoriodk 2nth thi e`rriet du/>ir `b ,irs`ddijA 2h` /ust >i 2ijj >rnibik.

M`st `b thi jorlir Goei 2`ri ndstojjik udkir thi 2ndls odkbusijoli t` oul/idt thi Goei dieissoryA `d èeosn`dsA t` jnbt inthir thi /oG`r e`/,`didts `b odonrerobtA sueh os 2ndl `r tonj ossi/>jnis `r thi e`/,jiti onrerobt =ribir t` Bnl. 74.B`r ixo/,jiA 2hid rieìrndl od onrerobt br`/ od ‘ìrrud„A nt /oy >i iosnirA odksobirA t` jnbt thi idtnri onrerobt odk ,joei nt `dt` o hork stodkndlA thod t` try odk,ujj nt ùt `b s`bt lrùdkA usndl o tul `r sn/njor ihneji.

8hid jnbtndl inthir /oG`r e`/,`didts `r od idtnri onrerobtA thi sjndls /ust >i,r`kueik `r o,,rìk >y thi /oduboeturir `b thi onrerobt. [hi /oduboeturir„s

sjndls idsuri thot thi eidtri `b lronty `b thi e`/,`didtA ns oj2oys knrietjy>idioth thi jnbtndl h``< `b thi sjndl.

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$#5 %jn1h;Jndi Uoi7

Mody sùreis `b oeenkidts `d thi bjnlht jndi ori nd`jik 2nth ,r`,ijjirs odk r`t`r>jokis. [hiy ori knbbneujt t` sii 2hid thiy ori turdndlA odk ,irs`ddij =kis,nti>indl bo/njnor 2nth thi ho;orks `b ,r`,ijjirs odk r`t`rs4A s`/itn/is >ie`/iknstroetik odk b`rlit o>ùt thi kodlir. [hi /ond knbbiridei >it2iid thisiA odk`thir bjnlht%jndi oeenkidtsA ns thot thiy ori oj/`st oj2oys botoj.

M`st >jokis hoi hnlh%nsn>njnty /ori siid 2hidthiy ori turdndl. [hisi /orjoki tn, /orjoe<odk 2hnti ojtirdoti strn,is oj`dl thi bujj >joki jidlth.

[` rikuei thi rns< `b ,r`,ijjir odk r`t`r >joki strnist t` b`jj`2 strnetrujis os t` thi e`rriet 2oy t` o,,ròeh odk jioi thi nendnty `b od onrerobt `r

hijne`,tir 2hnjst nt ns udkir ,`2ir. B`r ixo/,ji =odk ojj`2ndl b`r thi boet thotthiri ori s,ienbne rujis jonk k`2d b`r ioeh onrerobt4A ndstojjndl odk ri/`ndlehèi k`di br`/ thi 2ndl%tn, knrietn`d. (òrkndl odk jiondlo hijne`,tir shùjk oj2oys >i k`di br`/ thi snki.

8hid kiojndl 2nth ruddndl Git idlndis thiri ori sn/njor kodlirs. [hisi e`/i d`t`djy br`/ thi d`nsi rnsut ojs` br`/ thi rns< `bndtoindl sueindl jostA2hnehA ot /oxn/u/ thrust ns 6unti eo,o>ji `b ìrturdndl o ihneji nb nt ,ossis t`èj`si >ihndk thi onrerobt. =ribir t` Bnl. 54. &nst`d%,`2irik onrerobt =ki,idkndl `d

thinr sn;i4 2njj hoi sn/njor kodlir orios.

"?*???"9.kè )ssuik 0iei/>ir 77 &oli ?5

nbtndl od nrerobt 2nth jndlsBnl. 7


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!"idlndiirndl

7.#.?[`2ndl odk [oxyndl

)b od onrerobt ri6unris /`ndl odk d` ,nj`t ns oonjo>jiA thid o tul odk t`2ndl or//ust >i usik. [hns tos< 2njj ri6unri o 6uojnbnik tul krnirA o su,irns r̀A o ‘>roi b`jj`2ik nboeenkidts ori t` >i o`nkik.

nrerobtA 2hid /`ndlA inthir udkir ,`2ir `r 2hnjst >indl t`2ikA ori sùreis `b

du/irùs rns< orios. d onrjndir eod >i ìr /itris j`dl odk hoi o 2ndls,od lriotir thod /itris. [hns /iods thot 2hid /odìurndl nd ristrnetiks,oeisA thiri ns oj2oys thi rns< `b ,ort `b thi onrerobt strnGietA kuit` o ,hid`/id`d


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!"idlndiirndl

7.#.7&ori ,orir `b ,rieoutn`ds thot /ust >i`>sirik

• ehè< /ust >i ,joeik ot thi br`dt odk rior `b o du/>ir `b 2hiijsA

ki,idkndl `d thi onrerobt ty,i• [hi idlndi ndtoi eìrik 2nth s,ienoj >jodi jèjodis odk stotneidts.

"?*???"9.kè )ssuik 0iei/>ir 77 &oli ?9

8ndl [n, 2ii, rio[onj 2ii, rio

&oth `b 8ndl [n, &oth `b [onj

nrerobt[urdndl[` ibt

2i,t 8ndl 'r`2thBnl. #


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!"idlndiirndl

7.#.5Morshojjndl

8hid /orshojjndl od onrerobtA nt ns issidtnoj thot ,irs`ddij ori bujjy e`dirsodt2nth ojj thi /orshojjndl snldojs =ribir t` Bnl. 94. )t ns ojs` usibuj t` ir 77

`/i (osne Morshojjndl nldojs b`r Bnxik%8ndl nrerobtBnl. 9

E`/i hiok t`, I/irlidey t`,

+nlht [urd jj Ejior =-34ibt [urd

+i/`i Eh`e


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!"idlndiirndl

7.#.#Buijjndl

8hnji thi t`,ne `b buijjndl ns eìrik /`ri bujjy nd M`kuji ?? odk nd thi rijiodtEho,tir =7*4 `b thi Mondtidodei ModuojA >rnib e`dsnkirotn`d `b s`/i `b thilidiroj sobity ,rieoutn`ds ns lnid hiri.

[hi bnrstA `>nùs ,rieoutn`dA ns thi nkidtnbneotn`d `b thi ty,i `b buij nd thi buijtod`2sir4A idsurndl nt ns `b thi ty,i odk lroki ri6unrik b`r thi onrerobt.[hiri hoi >iid /ody tn/is 2hid ,itr`j%,`2irik onrerobt hoi >iid bnjjik 2nthtur>ndi buij odkA `d èeosn`dsA thi riirsi hos èeurrik.

[hi ty,i odk lroki `b buij shùjk oj2oys >i stidenjjik `r ,ondtikA okGoeidt t` thibuijjndl ,`ndtA >ut nt ns 2nsi nb o ris,`dsn>ji ,irs`d ns e`dsujtik >ib`ri stortndl

buijjndl. [hns ns >ieousi thiri /oy >i o ri6unri/idt b`r s`/i s,ienoj buijA `rsn/,jy thot thi onrerobt ns `djy t` >i ,ort%bnjjikA kui t` o 2inlht jn/ntotn`d.

[hi buij todi ,orji br`/ thi onrerobtA jn/ntik >y thih`si jidlthA odk ,orojjij `r boendl o2oy br`/ nt. [hns rikueis thi rns< `b bnri,ossndl br`/ thi onrerobt t` thi todjnshik br`/ thi bnjjndl odk idtndl,`ndts `b thi onrerobt odk ottidkodt buijjndl i6un,/idt. [hns orio shùjk >i briibr`/ doib`ri buijjndl e`//ideis.

jsÀ kurndl thi buijjndl `b onrerobtA uxnjnory &`2ir Ydnts =&Y4 odk 'rùdk&`2ir YdntsA ='&Y4A /ust >i /oki sobiA >y ehiei /oki kurndl buijjndl,rèikuris.

[hiri ori /ody ,rieoutn`ds nd`jik 2hid kibuijjndlA kui t` thi todindl jibti/,ty `b buijA jiondl ,`tidtnojjy ix,j`sni o,ùrs nd nts ,joei.

dieissory sobity ,rieoutn`ds /ust >i b`jj`2ik kurndl onrerobt buijjndl,rèikuris.

"?*???"9.kè )ssuik 0iei/>ir 77 &oli ?"


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!"idlndiirndl

7.#.98iothir +okor

[hi hiotndl odk roknotn`d ibbiets `b 2iothir rokor eod >i ho;orkùs t` jnbi.&irs`ddij shùjk ri/ond o sobi knstodei br`/ thi rokor nb nt ns nd `,irotn`d. [hiriori ,u>jnshik bnluris odk ehorts nd thi /ondtidodei /oduoj `b ioeh onrerobtAsh`2ndl thi sobi knstodeis b`r ,irs`ddijA ki,idkndl `d thi ,`2ir `b thi rokor ndusi.

s od ixo/,jiA thi oirnoj nd thi d`si `b thi onrerobt shùjk hoi od ud`>struetik‘ni2„ `b s`/ithndl jni o >orrnir irietik o>ùt 5 /itris `r s` br`/ thi d`si `b thi onrerobtA t`,riidt ,irs`ddij littndl t`` ej`si.

BndojjyA thiri shùjk >i d` buijjndl `,irotn`ds nd ,r`lriss kurndl thi tistndl `b2iothir rokor.

&oli ?* "?*???"9.kè )ssuik 0iei/>ir 77


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!"idlndiirndl

+ ,@W9U/@Q QWOE[NEIU

0is,nti thi id`r/ùs okodeis nd thi /iehodnsotn`d odk e`/,utirnsotn`d `b thiidlndiirndl ndkustry nd lidirojA thiri ri/onds thi ri6unri/idt b`r o hnlh kilrii`b hodk s`rot`ry4 e`dkntn`dsA nt ns dieissory t` ri/ì /odynti/s `b i6un,/idt b`r ejiodndlA nds,ietn`dA ìrhouj odkA nb diikikA ri,onr>ib`ri thiy oriA su>si6uidtjyA ri%ndstojjik nd thinr o,,`ndtik jèotn`ds.

[hisi oetn`ds /oy idtonj thi usi `b /ody s,ienojnst t``js odk /otirnojsA 2hnehori usik 2hnji b`jj`2ndl 2rnttid ,rèikurisA 2hnji nt ns 6unti ,`ssn>ji thot s`/iAe`/,orotnijy sn/,jiA ri,onrs /oy eojj u,`d sueh >osne hodk sosne s


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!"idlndiirndl

+#$ E-d&-j - [--j'

E`dtr`j `b t``js ns n/,`rtodt t` l``k idlndiirndl ,roetneis odk ns ojs` ntoj t`bjnlht sobity. ornity `b systi/s eod >i usik t` e`dtr`j t``js >utA 2hnehiirsysti/ ns usikA nt /ust ojj`2 o ?C ehie< `b thi t``js nd usi >ib`ri nt eod >ie`dsnkirik os oeei,to>ji.

-di b`r/ `b e`dtr`j ns thi ‘shok`2 >òrk„ odk ‘t``j tol„ systi/A =ribir t` Bnl. 4.Ioeh t``j ns ,`sntn`dik ìr nts snjhùittiA `d thi t``j >òrk. [iehdnenods orinssuik 2nth nkidtnbneotn`d tìrik ‘tols„4 2hneh ori ixehodlik b`r thit``j odkA usuojjyA o tol ns hudl o>ì thi snjhùittiA t` >i riejon/ikA nd ixehodlib`r thi t``jA 2hid nt ns riturdik t` thi >òrk. [hi shok`2 >òrkOt``j tol systi/2`ry thi ki,ort/idt ndokkntn`d t` nts idlndiirs h`jkndl ,irs`doj sits `b t``js. [hi t``js hijk >y thi

ki,ort/idt ori `btid ribirrik t` os ‘s,ienoj t``js„A /iodndl thot thiy ori `djy b`r/ondtidodei 2`r< `d thi nti/s >indl sirneik nd thot 2`royA b`r ixo/,jiA /oy hoi sits `b s,ienoj s,oddirsA jiirsA siojo,,jneot`rs odk ,ri%sit t`r6ui 2ridehisA 2hneh ori usik ,rn/ornjy b`r thisirnendl `b ,ortneujor ty,is `b onrerobt 2hiijs. [hns kikneotik t``j oy.


hok`2 (òrk odk [``j [olBnl. ?


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!"idlndiirndl

!` /ottir 2hiri t``js ori >indl usikA nt ns thi ris,`dsn>njnty `b ioeh tiehdnenod t`rotn`d

[hi o,,r`,rnoti stodkorks ori usik t` oehnii e`dsnstidey >it2iid/iosuri/idts /oki nd knbbiridt jèotn`dsA ,`ssn>jy usndl ojtirdoti /iosurndltiehdn6uis. [hi eojn>rotn`d `b tist i6un,/idt ns >ist oehniik >y thi `,irotn`d `bo /ith`kneoj systi/ `b e`dtr`j.

[hns systi/ shùjk >i troeio>ji >y od ud>rìttir oeeuroey u, t` thi o,,r`,rnotistodkork. 8hiri rie`//idkotn`ds b`r eojn>rotn`d stodkorks ori d`t ,u>jnshikA `r2hiri thiy ori d`t s,ienbnikA eojn>rotn`d shùjk >i eorrnik ùtA nd thi Y3A ndoee`rkodei 2nth (rntnsh todkork I! 5?7%? Fuojnty ssurodei +i6unri/idtsb`r Miosurndl I6un,/idt.

s od ojtirdotni t` `,irotndl od ndtirdoj Miosuri/idt odk Eojn>rotn`d ysti/Aod ,,rìk -rlodnsotn`d `r od ,,rìkOneidsik Idlndiir /oy idtir ndt` osu>%e`dtroetndl orrodli/idt t` usi od ,,jnodei Eojn>rotǹ d irnei. [hns

orrodli/idt kìs d`t o>s`ji thi e`dtroet`rs `b thi sirnei br`/ /ondtondndlstodkorks os nb thiy 2iri eorryndl ùt thi 2`r< thi/sijis.



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!"idlndiirndl

)d ojj ndstodeisA nt ns thi ris,`dsn>njnty `b thi usir t` >i sotnsbnik thot thi ud>r`njnty ehond ns nd ,joei. Ixtirdoj `rlodnsotn`dsA 2hneh su,,jy od ixtirdoj

Eojn>rotǹ d irneiA shùjk >i th`si h`jkndl oeerikntotǹ d `b thi !otǹ doj eerikntotn`d `b Miosuri/idt odk o/,jndlA =!M4.

5.5.7&rèikuris

[hi kibndntn`d `b o,,jnodeis ri6unrndl eojn>rotǹ d ori th`si nti/s 2hneh oridieissory t` ,irb`r/ /iosuri/idts `r tists `b od onrerobtA o systi/ `r oe`/,`didtA t` kibndik jn/ntsA os s,ienbnik nd thi tiehdneoj kèu/idtotn`d `b thi[y,i Eirtnbneoti h`jkir.

&rèikurisA e`dtr`jjndl rilujor nds,ietn`dA sirnendl odkA 2hiri o,,r`,rnotiA

eojn>rotn`d `b sueh nti/sA ori t` ndkneoti t` thi usirs thot thi nti/ ns 2nthnd odynds,ietn`d tn/i jn/nt. [hisi ‘!ixt )ds,ietn`d„ jo>ijs /ust ejiorjy stoti 2hidA odkAnb dieissoryA 2hiri thi dixt eojn>rotn`d ns kui.

[hiri shùjk >i o ,r`lro//i thot ,jods thi ,irn`kne nds,ietn`dA sirnei `reojn>rotn`d 2nthnd thi kibndik tn/i jn/ntA 2hneh idsuris thot thi nti/ ri/onds ndeojn>rotn`d. )t ns e`//`d sidsi t` stollir thi eojn>rotn`d `b nti/sA s` thot thijorlist du/>ir ori oonjo>ji b`r usi ot ojj tn/is. )t ns ojs` n/,`rtodtA thot orilnstir `b ojj nti/s ri6unrndl eojn>rotn`d ns hijkA s` thot er`ss%ehieisn/,jy eorrnik ùt. 8hiri o s/ojj du/>ir `b ,ortneujor nti/s ori hijkA thide`dtroet jòd `b i6un,/idt ns ,ir/nttik.

[hi ndtirojs ot 2hneh eojn>rotn`d ns ri6unrikA eod ory 2nth thi doturi `b thii6un,/idtA thi e`dkntn`ds udkir 2hneh nt ns usik odk thi e`dsi6uideis `bnde`rriet risujts. [hi bri6uidey 2njj >i nd oee`rkodei 2nth thi /oduboeturir `rsu,,jnir„s ndstruetn`dsA udjiss thi `rlodnsotn`d eod sh`2 thot o knbbiridt ndtiroj ns2orrodtik nd o ,ortneujor eosi. [hns 2ùjk d r̀/ojjy ri6unri o systi/ `be`dtnduùs odojysns `b eojn>rotn`d risujts t` >i isto>jnshikA t` su,,`rt thiornotn`d t` thi rie`//idkik eojn>rotn`d ndtirojs.

dy o,,jnodeiA thi sirneio>njnty `b 2hneh ns nd kù>tA shùjk >i ri/ìk br`/

sirnei odk ejiorjy jo>ijjik oee`rkndljy. [hi o,,jnodei /ust d`t >i riturdik t`sirnei udjiss thi rios`d b`r nts udsirneio>njnty hos >iid ijn/ndotik odk ntse`dtnduik eojn>rotn`d ri%ojnkotik. etn`d /ust >i torotn`dA t` hoi o snldnbneodt irr`r. [hns /ust ndejuki ri%ehiejiribiridei nd eosi `b kns,uti `r 2orrodty ejon/s. [hisi rie`rks eod ojs` ndkneoti‘krnbt„ odk eod hij, nd riossissndl eojn>rotn`d ndtirojs.

&oli # "?*???"9.kè )ssuik 0iei/>ir 77


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Eojn>rotn`d rie`rks `r eirtnbneotis shùjkA os o /ndn/u/A e`dtond thi b`jj`2ndlndb`r/otn`d b`r ioeh o,,jnodei eojn>rotik

• )kidtnbneotn`d `b i6un,/idt

• n/nts `b ,ir/nssn>ji irr`r

• todkork usik

• uth`rnty udkir 2hneh thi kèu/idt 2os nssuik

• +isujts `>tondik

• dy jn/ntotn`d `b usi `b i6un,/idt

• Ydeirtondty `b /iosuri/idt

• 0oti 2hid ioeh eojn>rotn`d 2os e`dkuetik

• ssnldik eojn>rotn`d ndtiroj.

8hiri eojn>rotn`d sirneis ori ,r`nkik >y ùtsnki `rlodnsotn`dsA nt ns oeei,to>jithot thi oeeuroey `b thi i6un,/idt ns ottistik >y o rijiosi kèu/idt nd thi do/i`b thi Eojn>rotn`d E`/,ody.

dy /iosuri/idt ns obbietikA t` s`/i kilriiA >y thi idnr`d/idt nd 2hneh nt ns/oki. [hi i6un,/idt 2njj diik t` >i eojn>rotikA trods,`rtik odk st`rik udkire`dkntn`ds e`/,otn>ji 2nth thi ty,i `b i6un,/idtA t` idsuri nts oeeuroey ns d`tn/,onrik.

[` ,r`nki ojnk odk ri,ioto>ji tist risujtsA thi boenjntnis usik b`r eojn>rotn`d /ust

hoi o e`dtr`jjik idnr`d/idt. )t ns dieissory t` e`dtr`j thi ti/,iroturiAhu/nkntyA n>rotn`dA kustA ejiodjndissA ijietr`/olditne ndtirbirideiA jnlhtndl odk`thir boet̀ rs thot /oy obbiet thi stodkork `b thi risujts. )b ody `b thisiri6unri/idts eodd`t >i /itA thid e`/,idsotn`d e`rrietn`ds /ust >i o,,jnik t`thi eojn>rotn`d stodkork t` idsuri e`dtnduik oeeuroey.

/iosuri/idt Ehiei o,,jnikA ot thi 2`r< ,joeiA t` ehie<thi oeeuroey `b od o,,jnodei odk t` idsuri nts e`dtnduik e`rriet budetn`dndl. [hiEhiei r`>ust odk nts oeeuroey 2njj d`t /oteh thot `b o bujjeojn>rotn`d ehieut nt 2njj lni e`dbnkidei >it2iid ehienjnty `b idsurndl thi e`dtnduikoeeuroeyA d`t `djy `b thi nti/s `b i6un,/idtA >ut ojs` `b thi oetuoj tistndlboenjntnis.



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!"idlndiirndl

+#5 Y'i - ,-&"'h-. Moi&noj'

Mody `b thi 2nki ornity `b /otirnojsA usik nd 2`rrosni ,o,irsA s`jkir odk >ro;ndl /otirnojsA 2nri 2``jA tyri ,`2kirA `nj s,njj,`2kir odk s` `dA ojj ri6unri e`dtr`j `b nssui odk usiA th`ulh thiy /oy d`tAd`r/ojjyA ri6unri strndlidt sobity ,rieoutn`ds.

huli rodli `b jn6unks eod >i usik nd thi 2`ri dieissory t` hoi thiorio 2ijj idtnjotik odkO`r hoi thi `,irot`r 2iorndl o /os< `r s`/i b`r/ `bri/`ti >riothndl o,,orotus. [hi bndnshik 2`r< /oy ojs` lni `bb bu/is b`r s`/itn/i obtir2orksA s` eori /ust >i toi usik b`r thi ,ur,`si b`r 2hneh thiy orikisnldik odk diir /nxik t`lithirA udjiss thi t2` /otirnojs ori kisnldik t` >i/nxikA sueh os 2nth t2` ,ort i,`xy okhisnis odk siojodts.Mody jn6unks usik nd 2`ri ehieib`ri usiA>ieousi /ody /otirnojs ori udsobi nb usik >iy`dk thinr ix,nry koti.



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!"idlndiirndl

[hi kns,`soj `b jn6unks ns o erntneoj `,irotn`dA odk /ust `djy >i eorrnik ùt ndoee`rkodei 2nth e`/,ody =odkA `btidA dotn`doj `r ndtirdotn`doj4 rilujotn`ds.

n6unks /ust diir >i kns,`sik `b >y ,ùrndl thi/ ndt` s,ori `r udnkidtnbnike`dtondirs odk thiy /ust d`t >i ojj`2ik t` idtir thi ‘k`/istne„ kronds systi/s.

[hi 2`rut thisi ki,idk u,`d thi sindl usik. B`r ixo/,jiA 2hid bnjndl/itojA knbbiridt lrokis `b bnjis ori usikA t` `>tond o e`/,orotnijy s/``th surboeibndnsh 2hnji `thir /ith`ksA sueh os o>rosni ,o,irsA ,ostis odk ,`jnshisA orithid usikA t` ,r`nki thi bndoj bndnsh.

8hid so2ndlA thi so/i ,rèikuris o,,jy nd thot >jokis 2nth bndir tiith 2njj lnio >ittir bndnsh t` thi so2d iklisA 2hneh /oy thid >i burthir s/``thikA usndl odo,,r`,rnoti sijietn`d `b bnjis.

8hid krnjjndl o h`jiA thi e`didtn`doj t2nst krnjj 2njj `djy ,r`kuei o bndnsh `b oeirtond stodkork. )b o bndir bndnshA t` thi ndsnki `b thi h`jiA ns ri6unrikA thid orio/ir 2ùjk >i usikA t` s/``th thi /otirnoj ndsnki thi h`jiA s` thotA nb o tnlhtbnttndl ,nd ns t` >i bnttik thrùlh thi h`jiA thiri 2njj >i >ittir surboei e`dtoet.

[hiri ori o ornity `b /oehndis thot eod lidiroti o s/``th surboei `d o ,niei `b/itojA thi sijietn`d >it2iid thi/ >indl kienkik >y thi 6uojnty `b bndnsh. jothi

eod ,r`kuei od ixei,tn`dojjy s/``th surboei `d o >or `r s`/i `thir r`totiksho,i. )b o jorli orio ns ri6unrik t` hoi o s/``th bndnshA thid ,irho,sA obtirndntnoj eostndl `r b`rlndlA thi eh`nei /oy >i `b i/,j̀ yndl inthir o lrndkndl/oehndi `r o /njjndl /oehndiA t` .,r`nki thi kisnrik risujt.

)d su//oryA thi 6uojnty `b thi bndnshik ortneji ns ki,idkidt >`th `d thi sji t` e`/,jiti thi tos


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!"idlndiirndl

&'I

)![I![)-!(!3.



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!"idlndiirndl

5 [@@JU

irnendl `b od onrerobtA ri6unris thi kns/odtjndlA ejiodndlA ixo/ndotn`dAokGust/idt odk ri%ossi/>jy `b thi ,orts nd oee`rkodei 2nth thi /ondtidodeisehikuji. Burthir os,iets `b thi 2`r< /oy ri6unri thi /oduboeturi `b sn/,jie`/,`didts br`/ /itoj `r `thir /otirnojsA thi krnjjndl odk to,,ndl `b h`jisAri/`oj `b >urrs odk `thir `,irotn`ds. rios`do>ji kilrii `b si ix,ietik br`/ ojj trokis%,irs`ds. [hns si `>tondik >y ,roetneiA >ut nt /oy >i stotikA thot thi /`ri ibbnenidt thi t``jAthid thi >ittir 2njj >i thi bndnshik 2`r


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#.?.7ern>ir

sern>ir =ribir t` Bnl. 74 ns usik b`r /orirs ori /oki br`/ hnlh%eor>`d stiij odk ori ejossnbnik >y thinr jidlth. -diidk `b thi sern>ir ns usuojjy >idt ot rnlht odljis t` ido>ji jndis t` >i sern>ik ndknbbneujt ,joeis sueh os thrùlh o h`ji.

jj sern>ik jndisA `d s`bt /otirnojsA /ust `djy >i euttndl =>ùdkory4 jndisA odkd`di /ust >i jibt `d thi surboei `b thi /itoj `d e`/,jitn`dA os thiy eod eousieroeidk jndis odk jndis b`r thi ,`sntn`d `b rnits /ust>i /orir ,`ndts /ust >i y eoribuj ‘st`dndl„A 2nth od `nj st`diA

rothir thod od o>rosni 2hiij =lrndkst`di4. Ysndl o 2hiij ns jnindl kro2d br`/ thi stiij odk thi,`ndt `b thi sern>ir >ie`/ndl s`bt odk usijiss.

8hid d`t nd usi =odk os 2nth `thir t``js 2nth shor, ,`ndts4A ,joendl ,nieis `be`rors =ribir t` Bnl. 74. `/itn/is ribirrik t` os ‘(`x 6uoris„Ay thinr jidlth.


ern>ir odk 3iy iot +uji

Bnl. 7

+ùdk (or

3iy iot +uji

ern>ir


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#.?.#Bnttir„s 6uori

[hi bnttir„s s6uori ns usik b`r sittndl ùt jndis ot rnlht odljis t` od ikli `rsurboeiA odk b`r ehie`d stiij odk ori ejossnbnik >y thi jidlth `b thi >joki.

[hi >joki odk thi stè< hoi thinr `,,`sndl iklis lrùdk trujy ,orojjij 2nth thi

t2` jn/>s sit ot ixoetjy 1± t` ioeh `thir.

[` ,risiri nts oeeuroey nt ns issidtnoj thot nt ns hodkjik eoribujjy ot ojj tn/is odkA2hid d`t nd usiA `x.

8hid tistndl o s6uori b`r oeeuroeyA nt /oy >i ehiejè< `r /ostirs6uori. )b thns ns d`t ,`ssn>jiA o tist /oy >i eorrnik ùt =ribir t` Bnl. 54 os b`jj`2s

• &joei thi stè< olondst thi trui ikli `b o bjot surboei odk sern>ndl o jndi `dthi surboeiA usndl thi ùtsnki ikli `b thi >joki

• [urd thi s6uori ìr odk ehie< thi ùtsnki ikli `b thi >joki olondst thi,rinùsjy sern>ik jndi.

)b thi s6uori ns oeeurotiA thi >joki ikli odk thi sern>ik jndi 2njj >i nd jndi. )d osn/njor /oddirA thi ndsnki ikli `b thi >joki eod >i tistik.


Irr`r

[rui Ikli

[istndl o 6uoriBnl. 5


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#.?.9E`/>ndotn`d it

[hi E`/>ndotn`d it =ribir t` Bnl. #4A e`dsnsts `b o lrokuotik stiij rujiA 2hnehhos o /oehndik lr`ì ruddndl oj`dl thi eidtri `b nts idtnri jidlth. [hi ruji eod>i sjnk ndt` thrii knbbiridt ‘hioks„ odk sieurikA >y o jèndotn`d `b ruji odk „hiok„ 2njj ido>ji eirtond tosi oee`/,jnshik.

[hi Eidtri $iok ns usikA 2nth thi rujiA t` jèoti thi eidtri jndi `b >ors `r rùdktu>is.

[hi 6uori $iok hos `di 2`rir oriA s`/itn/isA oee`//`kotik nd thi >osi `b thi6uori $iokA t` ,ir/nt o ehie< t` >i k`di `d thi h`rn;`dtoj `r irtneoj oeeuroey`b 2`ri usikA sndljyA os o ejnd`/itir `rA nd e`dGudetn`d 2nth thi rujiAnt /oy >i usik t` /or< ùt odk ehie< odljis `d 2`rir 77

E`/>ndotn`d it

Bnl. #

Eidtri $iok6uori $iok

ern>ir

,nrnt iij

'r`ì

&r`troet`r $iok


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#.?.urboei &jotis odk [o>jis

urboei ,jotis =odk surboei to>jis 2hneh ori jorlir4A 2hnji d`t oetuojjy >indlejossik os /orjèi usik os o stodkork `b bjotdiss. [hiy/oy ojs` >i usik t` ,r`nki o trui surboeiA br`/ 2hneh /ori k`di.

urboei ,jotis ori usuojjy /ùdtik `d o >ideh odkA d`r/ojjyA `djy hoi thriisu,,`rtsA `r biitA t` idsuri stiokndissA nb thi surboei `b thi >ideh 2iri t` >isjnlhtjy udiid.

urboei to>jis ori brii stodkndlA `d thi 2`rittir lrokis ori sero,ik odk thiehio,ir `dis ori /irijy ,jodik. [hi oeeuroey `b o ,jodik to>ji ki,idks u,`dthi oeeuroey `b thi /oehndi ,r`kuendl nt.

urboeis `b lroki ‘„ stodkork 2ùjk `djy >i usik nd todkorks +``/sA lroki ‘(„surboeis ori b`r nds,ietn`d 2`r< 2hnji lroki ‘E„ surboei ,jotis odk to>jis 2ùjk>i bùdk nd ty,neoj 2`rjis eod >i usik t` tist b`r bjotdissA ,r`nkndl thi stodkorksri6unrik ori d`t t`` hnlh. [hi surboei `b thi ,joti ns jnlhtjy s/iorik 2nth o/nxturi `b idlndiir„s >jui odk o bi2 kr`,s `b `nj. [hi ,niei t` >i tistik hos t` >iru>>ik jnlhtjy `d t` thi surboei ,joti odk ody hnlh s,`ts 2njj sh`2 u, os >juis,`ts `d thi tist ,niei. [hisi s,`ts 2njj >i bnjik `r sero,ik udtnj thi 2h`jisurboei sh`2s >jui.

btir usiA o jnlht bnj/ `b `nj shùjk >i o,,jnik t` thi 2`rjis. [hiy shùjkA thidA >i ,r`tietik 2nth o 2``kid eìrA t`,riidt thi `dsit `b e`rr`sn`d.

#.?.": (jèjisA t` h`jk o rùdk>orA 2hneh eod thid >i /orjèy thi /oxn/u/ kno/itir `b thi 2`rjèut thi lr`ìs ori eut ot knbbiridt ki,thsA t` eotir b`r >ors `b

knbbiridt kno/itirs.



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[hi :%eut lr`ìs hoi o s/ojjA s6uori%eutA ejiorodei lr`ì nd thi >`tt`/ `bthi :. [hns idsuris thot ody `njA `r knrt ruds `bb thi snkis `b thi : odk kìs d`t

ej`l thi >`tt`/ `b thi :A eousndl od n/,irbiet siotndl `b ody >or 2hneh 2iri t`>i ,joeik nd thi >jèjèi usikt`lithirA s` thot o >jè< `b `di ,onr shùjk d`t >i usik 2nth `di `b od`thir ,onr.

`/i : >jèi usik t` sieurijy h`jk2`r< 2hnji nt ns >indl oeeurotijy /orndl (jè< =ribir t` Bnl. 94A ns od`thir /orjiA nd e`dGudetn`d 2nth o sern>ir =odkA èeosn`dojjyA2nth : >jèi oeeurotijy ,n`tikA >y /iods`b o bndi okGust/idt seri2A `d thi hioy >osi. [hi >osiA 2hneh ns lidirojjy/oki br`/ eost nr`d =`r horkidik stiij4 ns /oehndik t` >i os bjot os thi surboei,joti `d 2hneh nt sjnkisA >ut nt ns ojs` lr`ìk =nd o sn/njor /oddir t` thi : >jèi usik `d rùdk stè< 2hid ri6unrik.

[2` brnetn`d%bnt ,ndsA nd thi >osiA /oy >i ,ushik k`2dA t` ossnst nd kro2ndl jndis,orojjij t` o trui ikli.


ern>ndl (jè< 2nth : (jèndl (jè<

: (jè


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#.?.10nnkirs

0nnkirs ori usik t` sit ùt knstodeis odk t` sern>i ores odk enrejis. [hi jils ori/oki `b hnlh%eor>`d stiijA thi s,rndl /oki `b s,rndl stiij odk thi okGustndl/iehodns/ `b /njk stiij.

0nnkirs ori ejossnbnik >y thi jidlth `b thinr jils. [hi ,`ndts shùjk >i y st`dndl `djy thi ùtsnki `b thi jils. )b lrndkndl ns usik t`shor,id thi ,`ndtsA nt /ust >i k`di iry eoribujjyA os thi ti/,ir `b thi ,`ndts eod>i kro2dA jiondl thi/ s`bt.

[hi ,`ndts `b knnkirs shùjk >i ,r`tietikA 2hid d`t nd usiA nd o sn/njor /oddirt` th`si `b sern>irs odk sueh t``js.

#.?.? Eojjn,irs

Eojjn,irs =ribir t` Bnl. 4 ori o ty,i `b /iosurndl kineiA ty,neojjy usik t`/iosuri kno/itirs odk knstodeis `r b`r e`/,orndl sn;is. [hi thrii >osne ty,is`b eojjn,ir ori

• -utsnki Eojjn,irs Ysik t` /iosuri thi ùtsnki kno/itir `b od `>Giet odkhoi jils thot ,`ndt nd2orks

• )dsnki Eojjn,irs Ysik t` /iosuri thi ndsnki `b o h`ji odk hoi jils thot ,`ndt

ùt2orks• -kk%il Eojjn,irs =$ir/o,hr`knti `r ‘iddy„ Eojjn,irs4 [hns t``j ns riojjy hojbeojjn,irs odk hojb knnkirs. )t /oy >i usik b`r sern>ndl ores `d /itoj surboeisbr`/ od ikliA b`r sern>ndl jndis ,orojjij t` od ikli `r surboeiA =,r`nkikoeeuroey ns d`t `b lriot n/,`rtodei4A odk b`r bndkndl thi eidtri `b o rùdk >or.


-utsnki )dsnki -kkjil

Eojjn,irsBnl.


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#.?.?? $o//irs

$o//irs =ribir t` Bnl. "4 ori ejossnbnik >y thinr 2inlht odk ty,i `b hiok. tiijhioks ori b`rlik odk /oduboeturik br`/ hnlh%eor>`d stiij. M`st shobts ori/oki br`/ stronlht%lrondik sh `r $ney2iklndl.

s eod >i siid br`/ Bnl. "A thi /ond ty,is ̀ b idlndiirndl ho//irs ori thi

• (ojj &ind [hi bjot surboei ns usik b`r /`st lidiroj%,ur,`si 2`r< 2hnjst thi>ojj ,ind ns usik ,rn/ornjy b`r rnitndl%ty,i `,irotn`ds

• tronlht &ind Ysik b`r lidiroj 2`rindl,ortneujorjy sunto>ji b`r usi 2hiri oeeiss t` thi 2`r< ns jn/ntik


[y,is `b $o//irsBnl. "

(ojj &ind tronlht &ind Er`ss &ind

$nkiOE`,,irBoei

&jostne Boei

$nki Boei+u>>ir $iok


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• Er`ss &ind s b`r thi stronlht ,indA >ut thi oxns `b thi ,ind ns ot 1 t` thot `bthi shobt

• $nkiOE`,,ir Boei [hi ro2hnki boendl ido>jis hioy >j`2s t` >i kijnirik2nthùt ko/olndl thi surboei `b thi 2`ri usikb`r hionir ty,is `b 2`r< thod hnki boeik ho//irs

• +u>>ir $iok odk &jostne Boei M`ri /`kird irsn`ds `b thi $nki Boeiho//ir. Eod `btid hoi `di `b ioeh ty,i `b boei `d ioeh idk `b thi hiok

• Ejo2 $o//ir =d`t sh`2d4 M`ri e`//`djy usik b`r 2``k2`ri idsurik thot thi hiok ns sieuri `d thi shobt. [hi shobt shùjk >i lrn,,ikej`si t` thi idk `,,`snti thi hiokA os ,r`,ir e`dtr`j ns d`t ,`ssn>ji nb nt ns hijkej`si t` thi hiok.

#.?.?7 &udehis

jthùlh ,udehis ori d`t ‘,ùdkndl t``js„A thiy k` ojj`2 thi b`rei br`/ oho//ir >j`2 t` >i e`deidtrotik nd thi n//iknoti orio `b thi ,udeh tn,. [hns ndturd /iods thot thi ,rissuri ot thi idk `b thi ,udeh ns nderiosik e`/,orik t` o

ho//ir >j`2 2nthùt o ,udeh.

-ir o ,irn`k `b tn/iA thi ho//irik shod< idk `b o ,udehA tidks t` kib`r/ ndt`thi sho,i `b o /ushr``/. [` rikuei thi ehodei `b o /itoj ehn, bjyndl `bb odkeousndl ndGuryA kurndl ,udehndl `,irotn`dsA thi kib`r/otn`d shùjk >i ri/ìkodk thi shod< idk riturdik t` nts `rnlndoj sho,i >y thi usi `b o >ideh lrndkir.

Iyi `r boei ,r`tietn`d shùjk oj2oys >i usik 2hid usndl ,udehis `b ody ty,i.

[hi ty,is `b ,udehisA /`ri e`//`djy bùdk nd od idlndiir„s t``j


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Eidtri &udehis ori rijotnijy shor,%,`ndtik t``jsA usik t` /ont 2hid krnjjndl thi h`ji. [hi ,`ndts /oy >i lrùdk ot odljis >it2iid ± t` 1Aki,idkndl `d thi horkdiss `b thi /itoj `d 2hneh thi ,udeh ns >indl usik. [his`btir thi /itojA thid thi jorlir 2njj >i thi odlji `b thi ,udeh„s ,`ndt.

8hid usndl o eidtri ,udehA nt /ust >i strue< hork idùlh t` lni od ndkidtotn`djorli idùlh b`r o krnjj >nt t` stortA >ut d`t s` hork os t` knst`rt thi /itoj.

d`thir b`r/ `b Eidtri &udeh ns thi ‘0`t„ `r ‘&rnei usik b`r thi ri/òj `b,nds odk rnits br`/ thinr ris,ietni h`jis. [hi krnndl idk `b o &nd &udeh ns eutbjotA odk nts kno/itir lrùdk t` /oteh thot `b thi ,nd `r rnit 2hneh ns >indl krnidbr`/ nts h`ji. &nd &udehis /oy >i bùdk 2nth ,orojjij `r to,irik krnndl idks.

$`jj`2 &udehis ori usik t` ,udeh ùt >`jt =`r stuk4 h`jis nd s`btA thnd shiitsAsueh os shn//ndl `r losindl eutA shùjk >i su,,`rtik >y o 2``kid >jèi boshn`dik br`/ oju/ndnu/ ojj`yA e`,,ir `r stiij >ors =`r tu>is4A odkori usik b`r krnndl ùt >iorndlsA >ushis `r shobts br`/ thinr ris,ietni eolis `rhùsndls.

-djy stiij krnbts shùjk >i usik `d >iorndlsA kui t` thi ,`ssn>njnty `b s/ojj /itojehn,sA br`/ thi s`btir /itojsA >rioiorndl ossi/>jnis.

#.?.?5 Mitoj%Euttndl Ehnsijs

Mitoj%euttndl ehnsijs =ojs` eojjik E`jk Ehnsijs4 ori usik nd e`dGudetn`d 2nth stiijho//irs. Ehnsijs ori b`rlikA usuojjy usndl sh`rt jidlths `b hixol`doj%sietn`dikAhnlh%eor>`d stiij >orsA 2nth thi euttndl ikli horkidik odk ti/,irik.

[` ,riidt bjyndl ,ortnejis 2hid ho//irndlA thi strnurrA thot b`r/s ot thi strni ri/ìk >y bnjndl `rlrndkndl.

jtirdotnijyA thi ehnsijs /oy >i /oki `b dneir 77


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Ehnsijs ori ejossnbnik >y thinr sho,iA ìrojj jidlthA er`ss%sietn`d `b shod< odk2nkth `b eut. [hiri ori bùr ,rnden,oj sho,is `b ehnsijs =ribir t` Bnl. *4A nd lidiroj

usi. [hiy ori thi

• Bjot

• Er`ss%Eut

• 0no/`dk%&`ndt

• $ojb%+ùdk.

Bjot ehnsijs ori usik b`r lidiroj ehn,,ndl 2`r`tt`/ikA lr`ìsA suehos i eojjik +ùdk4 ehnsijs ori lidiroj%,ur,`siAlr``ndl ehnsijsA 2hneh ori sunto>ji b`r euttndl hojb%rùdkA >`tt`/ikA lr`ìs.[hiy ori ojs` sunto>ji b`r rietnbyndl od nde`rriet stort 2hid krnjjndl.

8hid sijietndl o ehnsij b`r o s,ienbne tosi lnid >`th t`thi doturi `b thi 2`r< odk t` thi /otirnoj thot ns t` >i eut. [hi doturi `b thi 2`r<lìrds thi eh`nei `b sho,iA 2hnjst thi odlji b`r/ik >y thi euttndl ikli nsndbjuideik >y thi horkdiss `b thi /itoj.

"?*???"9.kè )ssuik 0iei/>ir 77 &oli ??

$ojb%+ùdk0no/`dk%&`ndtEr`ss%EutBjot

Ehnsij [y,isBnl. *


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)d lidirojA nt /oy >i ossu/ik thot thi s`btir thi /itoj thi /`ri oeuti shùjk >ithi euttndl odlji. [o>ji 9 sh`2s s`/i sullistik euttndl odljis b`r usi `d

ty,neoj /itojsA bùdk nd onrerobt idlndiirndl 2`rji ?Y''I[I0 E$)I EY[[)!' !'I

$ork tiijs "±

Mnjk tiijs ±

`bt Mitojs #±

$nlh%eor>`dA stiij ehnsijsA shùjk >i shor,idik >y lrndkndl `d od o>rosni2hiijA >ut dney bnjndl. [hi euttndl ikli `b

thi ehnsij /ust >i y bri6uidt n//irsn`d nd 2otirA2hneh 2njj ,riidt thi ti/,ir >indl kro2d br`/ thi /itoj.

#.?.?# (ideh :nei

[hi >ideh nei =ribir t` Bnl. 14 ns usik t` bnr/jy lrn, thi /otirnoj `r nti/ u,`d2hneh 2`r< ns >indl k`di nd o 2`r`ky `b thi nei ns ,r`nkik 2nthkitoeho>ji stiij Go2s. [hi seri2 ns /oki 2nth o s6uori `r 2nth o >uttriss thriok.

M`st ty,is `b >ideh nei hoi o 6uney o s/ojjjiir. [hi Go2s eod thid >i sjnk inthir `,id `r ej`sik udtnj thi e`rriet ,`sntn`d ns

rioehik. [hi jiir knsidlolis thi hojb dut br`/ thi thriok t` ,ir/nt thi sjnkndloetn`d odk nt ns krnid >oe< ndt` idloli/idt >y o str`dl s,rndl. (ideh neis oriejossnbnik >y thi jidlth `b thinr Go2s.

[hi hinlht `b thi t`, `b thi nei o>ì thi lrùdk ns n/,`rtodtA odk shùjknkiojjyA >i jiij 2nth thi tiehdnenod„s ij>`2 2hid stodkndl okGoeidt t` thi nei.8nth thi nei ot thi e`rriet hinlhtA 2`r< 2njj >i jiss tnrndl odk e`rriet e`dtr`j `bthi t``jsA sueh os bnjis odk so2sA 2njj >i oehniik.

[hi nei /ust >i sieurik bnr/jy t` thi >ideh =2nth èeosn`doj ehiei rneotik. [hi Go2s

/ust d`t >i ìr%tnlhtidik os thi /iehodns/ /oy >i ko/olik `r thi 2`rie`/i knst`rtik.

[` ,r`tiet s`bt /otirnojs br`/ thi horkidikA sirrotikA nei Go2sA oju/ndnu/ ‘neiejo/,s„ =`r ejo/s4 eod >i ,`sntn`dik ìr thi Go2s. -thirA s,ienoj h`jkndlkineisA sueh os ‘:„ >jèujor nti/s4 eod >i/oduboeturik jèojjy.

&oli ?7 "?*???"9.kè )ssuik 0iei/>ir 77


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#.?.?9 $odk :nei

hodk nei =ribir t` Bnl. ?4 ns ejossnbnik >y nts `irojj jidlth odk eod >i usik2hid s,jnendl eo>jis `r h`jkndl s/ojj `>Giets thot ori t` >i sho,ik `r krnjjik. [hi>`ky odk seri2 ori /oki `b /njk stiijA 2nth o 2ndl dut ,r`nkik b`r thi `,irotn`d`b thi hodk nei. /ojj nei ejo/,s eod ojs` >i usik 2nth thisi neis 2hid2`rir 77 &oli ?5

(ideh :neiBnl. 1

$odk :neiBnl. ?


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#.?.? $oeji hodkji odk o ri,joeio>jiA sirrotik>jokiA 2hneh ns /oki br`/ hnlh%eor>`d `r ojj`y stiij.

Bndi%t``thik >jokis hoi 7# `r 57 tiith ,ir ndeh odk ori usik b`r euttndl thnd/otirnoj. Eòrsir >jokisA 2nth ?# `r ?* tiith ,ir ndeh ori b`r thne„ ns thot ot jiost t2` tiith /ust >i nd e`dtoetA 2nth thi 2`r< >indleutA ot ojj tn/is =ribir t` Bnl. ??4.

[hi >joki /ùdtndls /ust >i sit nd thi /`st e`didnidt ,`sntn`d 2nth thi tiithboendl o2oy br`/ thi hodkji. [hns ojj`2s thi >joki t` eut `d thi /`ri ibbnenidtAb`r2ork strì o,,jnik `d thns b`r2ork strì usik b`r ioeh str`ji. [hns oetn`d ,r`j`dls thi jnbi `b thi >jokiA jissids thi ehodei `b tiith>riojoki odk rikueis thi ehodei `b thi so2 Go//ndl kurndl

usi.

&oli ?# "?*???"9.kè )ssuik 0iei/>ir 77

$oe


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o2 >jokis ori lnid od ojtirdoti ‘sit„A kurndl /oduboeturiA 2hneh risujts nd thieuttndl sj`t =thi ‘indl 2nkir thod thi >joki thnejoki br`/ Go//ndlA 2hneh /oy risujt nd o >idt `r >r`joki.

#.?.?" hiit Mitoj hiors odk dn,s

hiors ori od t̀hir ty,i `b euttndl t` j̀ usik `d onrerobt shiit /itoj. `dlAstronlht eutsA oer`ss o ,niei `b shiit /itojA ori /oki `d o lunjj`tndiA 2hneh /oyojs` >i ribirrik t` os ‘s6uorndl shiors„.

[hi bo>rneotǹ d `b s/ojjir ,orts ri6unris hodk euttndlA b`jj`2ik 2nth burthirtrn//ndl t` thi bndoj kn/idsn`ds. [hns eod >i oehniik 2nth knbbiridt ty,is `bshiorsA i stronlht `r eurik euttndl.

tronlht shiors =`r sdn,s4 ori ,rn/ornjy b`r euttndl stronlht `r 2nki roknus euris2hnjst thi eurik shiors ori kikneotik s`jijy t` euttndl euris.

Eurik shiors eod >i bùdk nd sy//itrneoj b`r/A 2hneh eod >i usik t` euteuris nd inthir knrietn`dA `r thiy eod >i osy//itrneoj odk kikneotik t` euttndleuris nd `di knrietn`d `djy. [hi hodkjis `b osy//itrneojjy eurik shiors oriusuojjy e`jùr%e`kik =rik odk lriid4A t` ndkneoti thi ndtidkik euttndl knrietn`d.‘ibt%euttndl„ shiors ori e`jùrik rik 2hnji ‘rnlht%euttndl„ shiors ori e`jùriklriid4.

Ydjn


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#.?.?* Bnjis

Bnjis ori euttndl t``js b`r ri/`ndl /itoj br`/ o surboei odk ori /oki `b hnlh%eor>`d stiij. [hi >joki ns horkidikA 2hnjst thi todl =t` 2hnehA o hodkji /ustoj2oys >i ottoehikA b`r sobity rios`dsA >ib`ri thi bnji ns usik4A ns jibt nd o s`btirAt`ulhir e`dkntn`d odk nsA thirib`riA jiss >rnttji. $odk bnjis ori ejossnbnik >y thinr

• idlth

• ho,i

• Er`ss%ietn`d

• Eut

• 'roki.

[hi jidlth `b o bnji ns /iosurik br`/ thi sh`ujkir t` thi tn, `b thi >joki. Bnjis orioonjo>jiA b`r s,ienoj 2`r


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[hi ornùs sho,is odk thi er`ss%sietn`ds `b bnjis ojj`2 thi/ t` >i usik `d o2nki rodli `b tosjoki ns

usuojjy ,orojjij nd sho,i. -di ikli /oy >i 2nthùt tiithA t` ,ir/nt sobi 2`rijjnikA ,orojjij odk to,irik >jokisho,isA 2nth thi >ijjnik >indl thi `di /`st e`//`djy usik. [hisi bnjis orisunto>ji b`r bnjndl s/ojj roknn.

$ojb%+ùdk bnjis ori /`stjy ossènotik 2nth o >ijjnik%sho,ik >jokis. ueh bnjisori sunto>ji b`r usi `d 2`r< `b nrrilujor sho,i `r b`r bnjndl jorli ndtirdoj roknn.

6uori bnjis /oy >i >ijjnikA to,irik `r ,orojjij nd sho,i. [hiy ori usik b`r

ndtirdoj 2`rijjnik sho,i. [hiy ori,ortneujorjy usibuj b`r bnjndl ndtirdoj e`rdirs.

"?*???"9.kè )ssuik 0iei/>ir 77 &oli ?"

Bnji Er`ss%ietn`dsBnl. ?#

[hrii%6uori6uori$ojb%+ùdk+ùdk$odk


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[hi ‘Eut„ `b o bnji ribirs t` thi orrodli/idt `b thi euttndl tiithA `d thi >joki `bthi bnji. [hi ,ottirdA nd 2hneh thi tiith ori eutA 2njj ki,idk u,`d thi ty,i `b

/otirnoj t` >i bnjik. [hi e`//`d euts `b bnjis =ribir t` Bnl. ?94 ori thi

• ndlji Eut

• 0ù>ji Eut

• 0riokdùlht

• +os,.

[hi ndlji Eut bnji hos nts tiith eut ,orojjijA nd o sndlji knrietn`d odk =b`r lidirojidlndiirndl4A usuojjyA ot od odlji `b o,,r`xn/otijy t` thi /ond oxns `b thi>joki. [hns ty,i `b eut ns rijotnijy `,id odk thi tiith k` d`t ej`l iosnjy.

`/itn/is ribirrik t` os ‘Bjòts„A sndlji eut $odk bnjis oriA ehnibjyA usik b`r bnjndlhork /itojs. +ùdk bnjis odk thi eurik surboei `b $ojb%+ùdk bnjis ori usuojjysndlji eut.

[hi 0ù>ji Eut bnji ojs` hos `di sit `b tiith eut ot od odlji `b t` thi eidtrijndi `b thi bnjiA 2nth od`thirA er`ssndl sitA eut ot odlji `b o,,r`xn/otijy "9. [hnsns thi /`st 2nkijy usik ty,i `b bnji b`r lidiroj ,ur,`sis.

[hi eut `b thi 0riokdùlht„s tiithA /oji b`r hioyeuttndl `d >ròkA s`bt /itoj surboeis. )ts usi ns lidirojjy ristrnetik t` thi jorlirsn;is `b bjot bnjis.

[hi tiith `b thi +os, ori ‘eut„ 2nth o ,udehA 2hnji thi /itoj ns h`tA ot thi tn/i `b/oduboeturi. [hns ty,i `b eut ns usik b`r bnjndl iry s`bt /otirnojs sueh os 2``kodk jiothir.

Moduboeturirs 2njj eut bnjis t` eotir b`r o 2nki rodli `b s,ienojnsik /otirnojsA suehos ideùdtirik 2hid 2`rir 77

Bnji EutsBnl. ?9

+os,0riokdùlht0ù>ji Eutndlji Eut


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[hi ‘'roki„ `b o bnji ribirs t` thi ki,th odk s,oendl =du/>ir `b tiith ,ir ndeh4 `bthi euttndl tiith nd o sn/njor /oddir t` thi sn;i odk s,oendl `b thi ,ortnejis

i/,j`yik `d o>rosni ,o,irs odk 2hiijs. [hi roti `b euttndl odk thi bndnsh lnidt` thi 2`r< ns kitir/ndikA t` o jorli ixtidtA >y thi lroki `b thi bnji.

8hnji thiri ori siiroj /`ri lrokis `b bnjisA oonjo>ji br`/ /oduboeturirsA thi/`st e`//`d lrokis =`r kilriis `b eòrsidiss4 `b thi sndlji odk kù>ji eutbnjisA bùdk nd o ty,neoj oir`s,oei tiehdnenod„s t``jir `btiith ,ir ndeh ornis 2nth ioeh /oduboeturirA thi (ostork bnji hos o,,r`xn/otijy5 tiith ,ir ndeh. )t ri/ìs /itoj bonrjy 6uneut /oy >i usik b`r thi idtnri 2`rittirsurboei bndnsh t` thi 2`rut ori sj`2ir euttndl.

/``th bnjis =9 t` tiith ,ir ndeh4 ido>ji o l``k bndnsh t` >i `>tondikA >utsueh bnjis eut e`/,orotnijy sj`2jy. [hiy shùjkA thirib`riA >i usik b`r bndnshndl2`r< `djy.

#.?.?1 Bnjndl [iehdn6uis

'``k bnjndl ns d`t Gust o /ottir `b ri/`ndl sur,jus /itoj. [hi e`rriet o/ùdt `b/otirnojA ot ioeh ,`ndt `d thi surboei `b thi 2`ri ri/ìkA s`thot thi kn/idsn`ds odk t`jirodeisA sit >y thi kro2ndlA 2njj >i /it.

&r`bnenidey e`/is 2nth ,roetnei. !i2 bnjis shùjkA nb ,`ssn>jiA >i bnrst usik `d s`bt/itoj. [hns oehniis ‘ti/,irndl„ `b thi euttndl tiith odk 2njj e`dtrn>uti t` o j`dlirjnbi b`r thi bnji.

(ib`ri stortndl 2`ri idsurik thot thi 2`r`th hodks ori ri6unrik b`r bnjndl tosi usik 2nthùt o hodkji. [hi bnji 2njj d`t >i udkir bujj e`dtr`jodk thi rns< `b ,udeturndl thi 2rnst `r ,oj/ ns iry lriot.

Bnjis /ust >i hodkjik eoribujjy. Bnji >jokisA >indl horkA ori ojs` >rnttji odk 2njj>rio< nb kr`,,ik. btir usiA ojj bnjis shùjk >i riturdik t` thinr ris,ietni roeodk`jnir%ty,i h`jkojjsA t` ,riidt thi/ ir 77 &oli ?1


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s /idtn`dik ,rinùsjyA thi hinlht `b thi nei ns n/,`rtodt odk ,jotb`r/s /oy >i

e`dstruetikA t` idsuri thot thi ij>`2s `b sh`rtir ,irs`ds ori jiij 2nth thi t`, `bthi nei. dy ,jotb`r/sA s` e`dstruetikA shùjk idsuri thot o e`rriet stodei >iottondikA >y thi 2`r`xir =`r o bideir4 to`ky 2inlht shùjk >i toojjs `b thi biit >utA ,rn/ornjyA ìr thi rior/`st b``t.

lond ki,idkndl `d thi ,irs`dA thi hodkji `b thi bnji ns lrn,,ik nd thio,,r`,rnoti hodkA 2hnji thi ,oj/ `b thi `thir hodk ns ,joeikA bjot `d thi >oe< `b

thi bnjiA dior thi tn,A 2hid thi tn, `b thi bnji ns ristndl `d thi 2`r`th hodks.

[hi bujj jidlth `b thi bnji shùjk >i usik b`r ioeh strìrushik4 odkA ot thi e`/,jitn`d `b thi stròei idsurik thot thi bnjins i rilujorjy ri/ìk >y thiusi `b o ‘bnji eork„ =ojs` eojjik o ‘seroteh eork„4 `r 2nri >rush.

Ehoj>ik oj`dl thi boei `b thi bnjiA >ib`ri stortndl thi bndnshndl 2`ry lros,ndl thi bnji >it2iid thi bndlirs odk thu/>s `b >`th hodksA`d inthir snki `b o 2`r>ndl >oe< odk b`rth `d thi surboeiA /oy >iusik t` rietnby ody ‘h`jj`2s„A 2hneh /oy o,,ior `d o bnjik surboeiA kui t`nde`rriet bnjndl oetn`d. )t /oy ojs` >i usikA nd e`dGuetn`d 2nth ehojikA t` ossnst nd eriotndl o bndir surboei bndnsh.



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#.?.7 $odk (roei =$odk 0rnjj4

8hidiir nt ns dieissory t` eut oeeurotiA enreujor h`jis nd /otirnojsA thidA 2hiri,`ssn>jiA thi /otirnoj shùjk >i sieurijy ejo/,ik odk thi h`jis eutA usndl bnxikA,`2ir%`,irotik krnjjndl /oehndis. [hisi /oehndis ori usuojjy bùdk nd2`roysA > j̀tik k`2d t` thi bj̀ `r =`r t` >idehis4 odk 2njj >iknseussik nd jotir t`,nes. 8hiri nt ns n/,roetneoj t` k` thi 2`r< 2nth bnxik/oehndisA thid thi krnjjndl ns k`diA usndl inthir ,`rto>ji ,`2ir t``js `r hodk%`,irotik krnjjs. &`rto>jiA ,`2ir%`,irotik t``js 2njj ojs` >i knseussik jotir.

[hi $odk (roeiA `rA os nt ns /`ri usuojjy eojjikA thi $odk 0rnjj =ribir t` Bnl. ?4AnsA ty,neojjyA `djy usik t` krnjj h`jis `b u, t` .9 //A =D nd4 kno/itir nd thnd odke`/,orotnijy s`bt /otirnojs. [hi kinei sh`2d ns sn/njor t` th`si /`st

e`//`djy bùdk nd thi t``jindl jorlirA ns kisnldik t` h`jkjorlir krnjjs thod thi hodk krnjj odk nsA d`r/ojjyA usik =nd 2`rit2iid .9 // odk ?7 // =D odk @ nd4.

[hi >riost >roei hos `di `thir okodtoli ìr thi hodk krnjjA nd thot t2` ruddndls,iiks eod >i sijietikA 2hneh 2njj /`ri ej̀ sijy /oteh thi e`rriet s,iikAri6unrik >y thi ornùs sn;ik t2nst krnjjs >indl i/,j`yik.

"?*???"9.kè )ssuik 0iei/>ir 77 &oli 7?

$odk (roei =$odk 0rnjj4Bnl. ?


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#.?.7? [2nst 0rnjjs

8hnji thi rodli `b t``jsA kisnldik t` erioti h`jis nd /itojs odk `thir /otirnojs nsostA thi M`rsi%ty,i =do/ik obtir nts ndidt`rA od /irneod idlndiir4 `b [2nst0rnjj =ribir t` Bnl. ?"4 ns thi `di /`st e`//`djy usik nd onrerobt =odk nd lidiroj4idlndiirndl.

[hi shod< ns thi ,ort `b thi t2nst krnjj thot ns lrn,,ik odk krnid >y thi ehue< `bthi krnjjndl /oehndi odk nt ns `d thi shod< thot thi kitonjs `b thi ty,i =lroki4 odkkno/itir `b thi krnjj eod usuojjy >i b`udk ,rndtik `r idlroik.

-d krnjjs u, t` ?7.9 // =@Q4 kno/itirA thi shod< ns ,orojjij odk ,joeik ndt`

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MODULE 07A. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES