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about modular phone
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Introduction
Project ARA’s concept became popular because of Phonebloks
Source: https://phonebloks.com/en (jun 2014)
Goal
Reduce production of electronic waste and expand life-span of components
Source: http://tinyurl.com/k86pkmd (jun 2014)
Phonebloks
Problem: If a component of a mobile phone brakes, in order to replace it, the user has to replace the whole
phone. Same thing if the user wants to upgrade it. Electronic waste is composed mainly by elements that are
still functional
Solution?
Evolution of the ideaGoogle acquired modular mobile phone patents.
Initial exploration started by Google.
Phonebloks initiative began on December
Partnership between Phonebloks and Motorola was announced, Project ARA.
“MAKEwithMOTO” tour took off
Motorola was sold to Lenovo.ATAP team conducting Project ARA
was integrated into Google. First Project ARA Developers
Conference took place.
2011
2012
2013
2014
Advanced Technology And Projects
“Generally, time is not your friend,” says Eremenko.
“Innovation under time pressure is generally higher-
quality innovation”
ECO-MOBIUS
● Four big modules: LCD, core, camera and battery
● A platform was created to maintain a high control over the phones and its modules
Source: http://tinyurl.com/lr7ydxv (jun 2014)
Magic Cube
● Will be a sum of 4 to 5 exchangeable modules
● The screen may be completely attached to the base, making it unchangeable
Source: http://www.movileschinos.eu/noticias/xiaomi-magic-cube/ (jun 2014)
Blocks
● Modules would be small blocks that connected create the band for the smartwatch
● Open Platform
Source: http://www.chooseblocks.com/ (jun 2014)
Project ARA’s Platform
● Endoskeleton (Endo)● Modules
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4 (jun 2014)
Endoskeleton (Endo)
● Backbone of the platform
● Front: Latches● Back: EPMs● Life-span: 5 to 6
years
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4 (jun 2014)
Endoskeleton Issues
● Universal Electrical Bus
● Modules cannot jump ribs or spine of endo
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4 (jun 2014)
Modules
● Building blocks● Hot swappable● Module ecosystem
Fonte: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4 (jun 2014)
Modules Issues
● 40% of PCB for component developers’ own HW
● Cost of production● Can only expand on the y-
axis (top/bottom) or z-axis
Fonte: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4 (jun 2014)
Aplication Processor Module
● Will hold the CPU, memory, SD card slot, and other core operational hardware
● Problem? Cannot be separated
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4 (jun 2014)
Main Issues / Possible Solutions
● User○ Paradox of choice○ Overhead
(size/weight)○ Module cost○ Security of data
● Developer○ Regulatory
certification○ Module market
certification
● User○ Phone makers ○ Value of
customization○ Module ecosystem○ TBD
● Developer○ Initial support○ MDK○ Feedback welcomed
Main Issues / Possible Solutions
● Connectors● P2P module
communication● Device driver
requirements (new drivers, different kernels, security)
● EPMs, Capacitive M-PHY
● UniPro● Generic class
drivers
New Technologies in ARA
● UniPro● Capacitive M-PHY● Electro permanent
magnets
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4 (jun 2014)
UniPro 1.6
● High speed interface protocol
● Aims:○ High-speed data
communication (gigabits/second)
○ Data reliability○ Robustness
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4 (jun 2014)
Capacitive M-PHY
● High-speed physical layer spec● Aims:
○ Connection points with longer life-spans○ High bandwidth capabilities○ Good power efficiency
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4 (jun 2014)
ElectroPermanent magnet
● The magnetic effect can be maintained without requiring a continuous supply of energy
● Only needed to turn the magnetization on and off
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4 (jun 2014)
1st Functional Prototype
Source: http://www.engadget.com/2014/04/15/project-ara-modular-smartphone/ (jun 2014)
Conclusions: Development
● One field that is benefitting from this project is 3D printing
● Specialized technology (UniPro and M-PHY) has made the development of this device efficient
● Technology used in Project ARA can be re-used in other items
Conclusions: Modular market
● Modular market might not settle so quickly● With the prototype’s receive in the market, new
companies or individuals might get interested in the development of modules
● The success is tightly connected to the variety of modules and brands that the user might be able to acquire
Conclusions: Configuration App
● The platform that allows the user to manage all its modules should be intuitive enough for new smartphone users
References● PHONEBLOKS. Phonebloks, a phone worth keeping.
2014. https://phonebloks.com/en● REISINGER, Don. Report: Google acquires Modu's
mobile patents. 20/05/2011. http://www.cnet.com/news/report-google-acquires-modus-mobile-patents/
● THUNDERCLAP.INC. Thundeclap. 2012 https://www.thunderclap.it/en
● MCCRACKEN, Harry. Project Ara: Inside Google’s Bold Gambit to Make Smartphones Modular. 26/02/2014. http://time.com/10115/google-project-ara-modular-smartphone/
● YUE, Yu. Two Futuristic ZTE Phones. 29/10/2013 http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine/mobileworld/2013/5/articles/201310/t20131029_411072.html
● PÉREZ, Alex. Smartphone modular Xiaomi Magic Cube. 10/10/2013. http://www.movileschinos.eu/noticias/xiaomi-magic-cube/
● BLOCKS. Choosebloks. 2014. http://www.chooseblocks.com/
● CHAN, Norman. Tested Explains: How Google's Project Ara Smartphone Works. 15/04/2014 http://www.tested.com/tech/smartphones/460765-tested-explains-how-googles-project-ara-smartphone-works/
● GOOGLE ATAP. Project Ara Developers Conference Day 1. 15/04/2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2OEKL1w__4
● GOOGLE ATAP. Project Ara Developers Conference Day 2. 15/04/2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cP8yzJhe-BA
● MIPI ALLIANCE. UniPro(SM) Specifications. 2014. http://mipi.org/specifications/unipro-specifications
● MIPI ALLIANCE. Physical Layer Specifications. 2014. http://mipi.org/specifications/physical-layer
● DEYLE, Travis. Electropermanent Magnets. 7/12/2010● http://www.hizook.com/blog/2010/12/07/electropermanent-
magnets-programmable-magnets-zero-static-power-consumption-enable-s