Modern Approach in Teaching

Presented byArlene M. Chu

Background Learning Theory

Three Main Categories•Behaviorism - focuses only on the objectively observable aspects of learning

•Cognitivism - cognitive, brain-based learning

•Constructivism - constructs or builds new ideas or concept

Learning TheoryBehaviorism (Theory developed by B. F. Skinner)

Basic Assumption1. Learning is manifested by a change in

behavior2. The environment shapes behavior3. The principles of contiguity and

reinforcement are central to explaining the learning process

1. contiguity - how close in time two events must be for a bond to be formed2. reinforcement - any means of increasing the likelihood that an event will be repeated

Learning Theory

Cognitivism(Theory developed by Bode, a gestalt psychologist)

Basic Assumption1. That the memory system is an active

organized processor of information 2. That prior knowledge plays an important

role in learning

1. contiguity - how close in time two events must be for a bond to be formed2. reinforcement - any means of increasing the likelihood that an event will be repeated

Learning TheoryConstructivism views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based upon current and past knowledge or experience.

"learning involves constructing one's own knowledge from one's own experiences." Constructivist learning is a very personal endeavor.

New Modern Approach in Teaching

CONNECTIVISM

Connectivism

•is a learning theory used in computer science which is based on the premise that knowledge exists in the world rather than simply in the head of an individual.

Connectivism

•regard knowledge to exist within systems which are accessed through people participating in activities. It has been dubbed "a learning theory for the digital age", because of how it has been used to explain the effect technology has had on how people live, how they communicate, and how they learn.

Connectivism

•One aspect of connectivism is the use of a network with nodes and connections as a central metaphor for learning.▫a node is anything that can be

connected to another node within a network such as an organization: information, data, feelings, images.

Connectivism

•Learning is the process of creating connections and developing a network.

•a process that occurs within nebulous environments of shifting core elements – not entirely under the control of the individual.

•It can reside outside of ourselves (within an organization or a database).

Connectivism•It is driven by the understanding that

decisions are based on rapidly altering foundations.

•The ability to draw distinctions between important and unimportant information is vital since new information is continually being acquired.

•The ability to recognize when new information alters the landscape based on decisions made yesterday is also critical.

New Modern Approach in Teaching

PRINCIPLES OFCONNECTIVISM

Principles (Siemens)

•Learning and knowledge rests in diversity of opinions.

•Learning is a process of connecting specialized nodes or information sources.

•Learning may reside in non-human appliances.

•Capacity to know more is more critical than what is currently known.

•Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed to facilitate continual learning.

Principles Cont.• Ability to see connections between fields, ideas,

and concepts is a core skill.• Currency (accurate, up-to-date knowledge) is

the intent of all connectivist learning activities.• Decision-making is itself a learning process.

Choosing what to learn and the meaning of incoming information is seen through the lens of a shifting reality. While there is a right answer now, it may be wrong tomorrow due to alterations in the information climate affecting the decision

MEDIUM USED IN CONNECTIVISM

-Forums-Social network (facebook, friendster)-Blogsite-Discussion board-Website-Portal

Example – Social Networking

Example - Forum

Example - Portal

Thank you!