Period 2: 1607-1754

Models of Colonization

Periodization

Jamestown-1607French-Indian

War-1754

European Colonies: Spanish

Spanish Santa Fe—1609 Spanish men,

pueblo women=mestizo population

European Colonies: French

Quebec—1608 Coureurs de bois Focused on alliances

with native populations Hurons

Intermarriage Fur Trade

European Colonies: Dutch

Gained independence in 1581

Henry Hudson—Fort Orange—1609

New Amsterdam Elaborate international

trading and shipping Dutch West India

Company Alliances with American

Indians (Iroquois) “Wall Street”

British Colonial Settlements

British Colonies

1) Chesapeake Bay Colonies

2) New England Colonies

3) Middle Colonies

Chesapeake Bay—Virginia

Virginia Company—1607--Jamestown Joint-stock

companies Private investors

shared risk and profit

Immigration bankrolled by wealthy colonist for labor

Chesapeake Bay—Virginia

1619 was a big year House of Burgesses

Significance? Dutch dropped off

the first African slaves

90 women arrived Scarcity of women

created increased opportunity for influence

Chesapeake Bay—Virginia

Tobacco cultivation Headright system

Consistent conflict with Algonquian

Powhatan Confederacy Powhatan uprising of

1622 By 1670, Indian

population was 2,000 and Virginia was 40,000

Chesapeake Bay:Maryland

1632—Proprietary Colony

King Charles granted 10 million acres to Calvert family Lord Baltimore Catholic Economic growth &

stability=tobacco and shipping access

New England Colonies

Plymouth Colony (1620-1691) Self-sustaining

community William Bradford Separatists Virginia Company Mayflower Compact—

1620 Significance?

New England Colonies

Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629)

“City on a Hill” 13 years=20,000

settlers John Winthrop Joint-stock—Mass.

Bay Company Self-governing Divine mission

Puritans

Very structured society

“Puritans and Sex” Salem Witch Trials—

1692 Mistrust of women Unmarried,

childless, widows, assertive

Gender Roles

Middle Colonies

New York—Duke of York defeated Dutch-1664

New Jersey—1702 Both very diverse

populations Unruly ethnic mix

Pennsylvania Delaware

Pennsylvania

William Penn—1681 Quakers “City of Brotherly

Love” Gender equality Religious openess 50 years peace w/

American Indians Economic diversity

Southern Colonies

Carolinas—1669 North=small farming South=settlers from

Barbados & slavery Georgia—1732

Social experiment (failed)

Buffer between Spanish Florida (success)

James Ogelthorpe

HTS Practice

1) Timeline of colonial establishments

2) Compare/Contrast