Conflict & Significance

PERIOD 2: 1607-1754

• Uprising of 1622

• Pequot War

• Beaver Wars

• King Phillip’s War

• Bacon’s Rebellion

• Pope’s Revolt

• Stono Rebellion

MAJOR CONFLICTS

• Powhatan’s brother (Opechancanough)

• Massacred ¼ (about 300) of Virginia’s settlers

• Brutal retaliation

• Another effort in 1644—forced relocation

• Significance?

• Shift in power

• Virginia become a royal colony

UPRISING OF 1622

• New England

• Pequot’s controlled fur trade & charged tribute from other tribes

• Killed a fur trader

• Connecticut+Mass+ Narragansett surrounded Pequot village and set afire

• Over 500 men, women, children killed rest sold to Caribbean slavery

• New England Indian allies shocked at European military methods

• Puritan response: “sword of the Lord”

• Significance?

• Opened up land

• Discouraged further resistance

PEQUOT WAR--1637

• Iroquois=suppliers

• Supply dwindled=economic decline

• Set sights on Algonquian land

• Supported by English and Dutch

BEAVER WARS 1650-1700

• One of the deadliest conflicts

• Iroquois Confederacy

• Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, Oneidas, Mohawks

• Causes?

BEAVER WARS

• Metacom

• Wampanoag

• 4000 dead—3/4 A.I.

• Pushed settlement line almost to coast

• Iroquois + New England

• Metocom executed

• Secured ‘savage’ in New Englanders mind

• “praying Indians” were displaced and suffered

KING PHILIP’S WAR-1675

• Servants started living longer and land owners had to follow through on land promises

• Gov Berkely confined voting to landowners as of 1670

• Berkely refused to allow whites to settle on A.I. lands (deer skin trade)

• Simmering social tensions

BACON’S REBELLION--1676

• Bacon = weathy, ambitious, arrived in 1673

• Disliked Berkely and inner circle

• Gained support from indentured servants

• Promised freedom and access to land

• Against “protected and darling Indians”

• Burned Jamestown

• Gov. fled & Bacon became ruler of Virginia, plundered estates

• Warships from England= rebellion over

• Consequences?

• Restricted voting rights

• Changed image with poor neighbors

• Granted A.I. land to indentured servants

• Accelerated shift to slavery

BACON’S REBELLION

• “sorcery” charges

• Spurred motivation for revolt

• Ironically, Spanish became lingua franca of revolt

• Most successful in history

• Significance = tolerance

POPE’S REBELLION-1680

• 1739 South Carolina

• Recently arrived slaves from Kongo (Congo) –seemed to be soldiers

• Seized weapons

• 100 + Slaves

• Killed 24+ whites and over 200 slaves

• Severe shifts in S.C. slavery codes

STONO REBELLION

• 150 + black and 20+ white individuals are arrested

• 34 were executed

• Historians disagree on source of ‘plot’

1741 NYC FIRES