Models for Data Requirements - Modern Analystmedia.modernanalyst.com/...29+Modeling+Data+Requirements+-+SLIDES.pdfModels for Data Requirements ... Systems Ecosystem Maps Display-action-response

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Joy Beatty

Models for Data Requirements

Vice President of SeiLabs at Seilevel

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Role: Develop new elicitation and modeling methodologies,

build business analysis centers of excellence, train industry

BAs, work on projects as a Business Architect

Community contributions:

• Member of the IIBA BABOK v3 Core Team

• Industry PC for IEEE Requirements Engineering

• Co-chair for Requirements Engineering Education and

Training Workshop

• Previous IIBA® Austin Chapter VP of Education

• IREB team member

Co-Author:

• Visual Models for Software Requirements with

Anthony Chen

• Software Requirements, 3rd Ed. with Karl Wiegers

Joy Beatty, CBAP®, PMI-PBA

Vice President of SeiLabs

Seilevel

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Why do we model requirements?

E

A

B C

F

IHG

D

A

B

C D

F

GH

I

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Find the missing

Context for details

Organize big sets of information

Focus on a subset

Visual Models

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We really do use models every day

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2000 system shall requirements are literally unusable

Requirements Document

• System shall have fields for first name, middle initial and last name.

• System shall display a name if there is one in the stored profile.

• System shall require name is completed.

• System shall have a field for position or title.

• System shall require title is completed.

• System shall display a position or title if there is one in the stored profile.

• System shall have fields for email and alternate email addresses.

• System shall display an email address if there is one in the stored in the profile.

• System shall require email and alternate email addresses are completed.

• System shall have a field for a daytime phone number.

• System shall display a phone number if there is one in the stored profile.

• System shall require phone number is completed.

• System shall validate the phone number is all digits when user exits the field.

• System shall display an error message if phone number is not all digits.

• System shall have a field for a fax number.

• System shall require fax is completed.

• System shall display a fax number if there is one in the stored profile.

• System shall validate the fax number is all digits when user exits the field.

• System shall display an error message if the fax number field is not all digits.

• System shall have two fields for a street address.

• System shall require the first street address field is completed.

• System shall display an address if there is one in the stored profile.

• System shall have a field for city.

• System shall require the city field is completed.

• System shall display a city if there is one in the stored profile.

• System shall have a field for state.

• System shall display a state if there is one in the stored profile.

• System shall require the state field is completed.

• System shall have a field for zip code.

• System shall display a zip code if there is one in the stored profile.

• System shall require the zip code field is completed.

• System shall look up zip code in the list of zip codes that span counties and display a county

selection if it does span counties.

• System shall have a submit option.

• System shall save contact information updates to the order when the submit option is selected.

• System shall validate required fields are completed when the submit is selected.

• System shall display an error message when required fields are not completed, alerting user to

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RML is a requirements modeling language to visually

model requirements

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Requirements Modeling Language (RML®) categories of models

Objectives Models describe the business value of the

system

People models show who uses the system and how

Systems models detail the interaction between

systems

Data models focus on the information in the system

and how it is modified

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Example Models

Objectives Business Objective Model

Objective Chains

Feature Trees

People Org charts

Process flows

Use cases

Systems Ecosystem Maps

Display-action-response tables

Decision Tables

Data Business Data diagrams

Data flow diagrams

State tables

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Share in CHAT window

other DATA models you use

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These are the RML® models we are going to cover

Org chart Ecosystem Maps

Process Flow

Roles & Permissions

MatrixState Table

State DiagramDecision Tree

Use Case

Feature

Tree

Requirements

Mapping Matrix

Objective

Chain

Business Data

Diagram

Data Flow Diagram

Data Dictionary

DAR Model

Report Table

UI Flow

Business Objectives

Model

System Interface

Table

Objectives People DataSystems

Decision Table

Key Performance

Indicator Model

System Flow

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These models describe the lifecycle of data from a

business user’s perspective

State Table

State Diagram

Business Data

Diagram

Data Flow Diagram

Data Dictionary

Report Table

Data

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Business Data Diagram (BDD)

Show all business data

objects

Not a database design

Data is created, deleted,

edited, used, moved, or copied

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Business Data Diagram (BDD)

Key

1

1..n

0..1

Single Cardinality

None to Multiple Cardinality

Single or No Cardinality

Single to Multiple Cardinality

Relationship

Business Data Object

0..n

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A start to a BDD for an online store

Objects 1st Relationships 2nd Cardinality 3rd

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Example BDD

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Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Data Store

Process A

Data

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Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

Show full view of data lifecycle

Which processes use piece of data

Identify all the inputs and outputs to a process

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Example DFD

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Data Dictionary

IDBusiness

Data Object

Field

NameDescription

Alternate

Names

Associated

Business Data

Object

Data FieldUnique

Values?Data Type Length Valid Values

Documents specific data fields

Can be tied to other requirements objects

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IDBusiness

Data Object

Field

NameDescription

Alternate

Names

Associated

Business Data

Object

Data FieldUnique

Values?Data Type Length Valid Values

DD001 Order Shipping

Address

The entire shipping address

for the order

Ship-to

Address

Address shipping

address

N Alphanumeric 50 May only contain letters,

digits, and periods.

May not contain a “PO” or

“P.O.” as a word.

Case insensitive.

DD002 Order Bill ing

Address

Same As

Shipping

An indicator of whether the

shipping address and the

bill ing address are the same

N/A bill ing

address

same

N Boolean N/A True/False

DD003 Order Bill ing

Address

The entire bill ing address for

the order

Address bill ing

address

N Alphanumeric 50 May only contain letters,

digits, and periods

DD004 Order Coupon

Code

Payment can be made in full

or partial with use of valid

promotional coupon or codes.

Valid

system

coupon

N/A payment

coupon

N Alphanumeric 15 Any

DD005 Order Payment

Info

Subtotal

Subtotal of price of items in

cart

Cart

subtotal

N/A payment

subtotal

N Currency 10 0.00…999,999.99

DD006 Order Payment

Info Sales

Tax

Sales tax added to the order

subtotal depending upon

customer's location

Sales Tax $ N/A payment

tax

N Currency 10 0.00…999,999.99

Example Data Dictionary

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State Table

Model any object that has states

State transitions can go in the box (or “yes” or an ID)

Table helps us identify all possible transitions

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State Diagram

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State Diagram

State A State B State C State D State E State F State G

State A no

Transition from

A to B no

Transition from

A to D no no no

State B no no

Transition from

B to C

Transition from

B to D

Transition from

B to E no no

State C no

Transition from

C to B no

Transition from

C to D no no no

State D no no no no no no no

State E no no no no no

Transition from

E to F

Transition from

E to G

State F no no no no no no

Transition from

F to G

State G no no no no no no no

Target State

Init

ial S

tate

Diagram helps us visualize

allowed transitions

Show only valid transitions

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State Diagram and State Table Example

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A start to a State Diagram for an online store (the order

object)

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Example State Table

Drafted Checkout Priced Purchased Confirmed Shipped Received

Drafted noUser chooses

to check outno no no no no

CheckoutUser edits

orderno

Taxes and

discounts

calculated

no no no no

PricedUser edits

orderno no

User enters

valid shipping

and payment

informaton

no no no

Purchased no no no no

User receives

purchase

notification

no no

ConfirmedFactory cannot

fulfill orderno no no no

Factory

shippedno

Shipped no no no no no no Order arrived

Received no no no no no no no

Target State

Inn

itia

l Sta

te

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Example State Diagram

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Report Table

We know you can’t read these fields, just showing you

there are many!

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Report Table Mockup helps visualize what the report will

look like

Site Name Time Period Carts Completed cart transactions Percentage of Abandonment

HighSei Outfitters January 01, 2014 - January 07, 2014 341,567 198,456 58.10%




HighSei Outfitters January 30, 2014 - February 05, 2014 341,264 167,987 49.22%

Reporting Period: January 01, 2014 - February 05, 2014

Cart Abandonment Report

It can be an actual report sample OR a

rough drawing of the report

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Part of an Example Report Table

Element Example

Unique ID REP001

Name Cart Abandonment

Description Determine site abandonment on each cart page of the website

Decisions Made

from Report

Determine which parts of the checkout process need to be modified or removed to provide a

seamless online shopping experience.

Objective Business Objective 4 - Reduce shopping cart abandonment to 25% of visitors to the cart.

Priority 1 of 3 (Strategic initiative to increase revenue).

Functional Area Marketing

Related Reports Site Abandonment, Checkout Abandonment

Report Owner Marketing Manager

Report Users Marketing Manager, VP of Marketing

Trigger Marketing Manager is prepping for weekly staff planning meeting

Frequency Weekly

Latency Delivered on demand (within 30 seconds of requesting). Data should be real time.

Transaction

VolumeEach week 200,000 transactions.

Data Volume On average, the report returns 50,000 transactions.

Security Viewable by all Marketing team members.

PersistenceAll settings are saved between report executions by any user (User A sees User B's settings if

User B last ran it)

Visual FormatBar chart format shows carts grouped by sales amounts or by date ranges on x-axis and

abandonment rates on y-axis

Delivery FormatDisplayed in application and emailable as an Excel file. Within the application, the user can

scroll to see the data that does not fit on the screen.

InteractivityToggle between grouping by cart sales amount ranges or by date ranges. Allow user to select

range increments for each.

Drilldowns N/A

Top-

Leve

l Ele

men

ts

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You will need to use many models, no one model

shows it all

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Use models together that provide different views of the

system

BDD Data

Dictionary

All business

data objects

and how they

relate

No field

details No

relationship

All field level

details about

data

versus

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Take-away: RML Quick Reference and Downloads

Templates

http://www.seilevel.com/ba-resources/rml-requirements-visual-models/

Quick reference

http://www.seilevel.com/wp-content/uploads/RML-Language-for-Modeling-Software-Requirements.pdf

http://www.seilevel.com/ba-resources/rml-requirements-visual-models/

http://www.seilevel.com/wp-content/uploads/RML-Language-for-Modeling-Software-Requirements.pdf

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Suggested Reading

Book 1: Visual Models for Software Requirements: http://amzn.to/OxgGsC

Book 2: Software Requirements, 3rd Edition: http://amzn.com/0735679665

Our Requirements Blog: http://www.seilevel.com/blog

http://amzn.to/OxgGsC

http://amzn.com/0735679665

http://www.seilevel.com/blog

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Topics:

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Requirements

Process Management

Big Data

Find more at library.digibytes.com

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What questions do you still have?

S www.seilevel.com

search: Joy Beatty, Seilevel

@joybeatty @Seilevel

[email protected]

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