Baird

Modeling Physical Processes for theHuron – Erie Corridor

Rob Nairn, Ph.D., P.Eng.Baird & Associates

Oct 17, 2005

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Detroit River Bed Erosion

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Profile D - Detroit River

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Profile D 2000 Data

Profile D 1925 Data

Left Bank (south)Right Bank (north)

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Natural condition

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Reverse flow in Detroit River

Reverse flow in the Detroit

River

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Lake St. Clair and Its Connections

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Spatial/Temporal Scale of RepresentationSmall scale processes?

Eddies at confluences and bays2D or 3D?

Simulation of plumes from rivers and outfallsEddies in the river

Long-term or short-termLong-term for morphologic and ecologic models

One model or linked models?Wave driven processes or not?What are the key ecological processes of interest?

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Existing Models

RMA2

MISED

CH3D-SEDMISED

POM

POMPOM

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Existing Models RMA2 – USACE/EC/USGS

2D model, FE, 1970s vintage, public domainCovers full system, hydrodynamics, can be basis for particle tracking but not linked sediment/morphologySED2D is sediment module (sand only), not directly linked

POM - U of Mich, NOAA, many others2D model, FD, on Lake St. Clair, public domain, UM2D model (possibly 3D), on Lake Erie, GLERLHas sediment and ecological models, 1970sNot suited to rivers but there is ECOMSED, now public domain (good sediment/morphology but 2D)

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Existing Models CH3DSed – U of Windsor (U of FL, USACE, U of Iowa)

3D model of Detroit River, hydrodynamics and particle tracking (has morphologic component)Sediment transport only for sand1980s vintage, FD curvilinear

MISED – Baird in-house late 1990s vintage, FE, 3D, unconditionally stableTime steps 10-20x greater (or more) than other models Sediment (sand and silt/clay), morphologicSetup for parts of St. Clair and DetroitParticles tracking – settling velocity and vectors - fish

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Other Models EFDC (USEPA)

3D, FE, sand/clay, morphologic, early 1980sLinks to WASP for water qualityPublic domain (set up for lower Clinton River)

MIKE3 (DHI)FE and FM (Flexible Mesh version), 2D and 3DSediment and some morphologicFully coupled to a water quality/ecologic model (contaminants, eutrophication, zebra mussels, etc)Ecologic model can be customizedNow setup for Lake SimcoeCommercial and expensive, but for good reason

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Other Models DELFT3D (Delft Hydraulics)

3D, FD curvilinear, sand/clay, morphologic, mid-1990sExcellent morphologicSome ecologic functionsCommercial and expensive for good reason

TELEMAC (LNH/Sogreah, France)FE, 3D, hydrodynamic, limited sediment capabilities, no ecological functions (this may be changing)Probably the only 3D hydrodynamic model specifically developed for riversCommercial and expensive for good reason

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Options for the Huron-Erie Corridor

RMA2 throughout2D only, not suitable for long-term runs, limited sediment transport, no ecologic

RMA2 linked to POM models on Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie

2D only, linked model would not be suitable for dynamic conditions – steady state only

CH3D, MISED, EFDC, MIKE3, DELFT3D, TELEMAC

3D, Requires setup and testing, only MISED suitable for long-term runs, some have ecologic functions

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Other Recommendations

Excellent visualization is essential:Compare measurements to modelUnderstand the system – spatially (in 3D) and temporallyHighlight any model limitationsPhysical and biophysical interactions

Develop a new model or customize an existing one?

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Model Selection Phase – The Key to a Successful Project

Define objectives, constraintsSelect the most appropriate model

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Model Selection Phase – Defining Objectives and Constraints – by Users

Define and prioritize the key physical and biological processes to be simulatedDefine what you hope to learnDefine the timeline for model development and testing (include time for interactive testing –model will guide data collection)Define the budget and cash flow for model implementationAttempt to define the ultimate user(s) and their capabilities

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Model Selection – by the Model Experts

Model functionality – does it meet objectivesUser friendlinessAbility to customize (access to code)Purchase cost and development costTrack record (robustness/reliability/accuracy)Model limitations vis a vis requirementsTechnical support for the model

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Lake Lake Simcoe Simcoe and Its Watershedsand Its Watersheds

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Model SetupModel Setup900mX900m grid size (horiz)1 m grid size (vert)22 Inflows8 month simulation period (April – Nov)

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Thermocline Thermocline DevelopmentDevelopment

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Lake Level CalibrationLake Levels at Jackson gage

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evel

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Temperature Calibration (intakes)Temperature Calibration (intakes)Sutton Intake

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Beaverton Intake

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K45

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Temperature Calibration Temperature Calibration Station K45Station K45

July 28th, 2002

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June 10th, 2002

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Temperature Calibration Temperature Calibration Station S15Station S15

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Particle Tracking for Fish Migration

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Upper St. Clair River

HydrodynamicsSediment transportBed changeκ−ε turbulence closureVery fine grids (2 m near black river mouth)Large time step (60sec.)High flow condition ( >2 m/s)

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Flow Profile Calibration at Point A on Cross-Section 17

(13645370, 542353)

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Flow Direction Profile at Point A on Cross-Section 17(13645370, 542353)

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Flow Velocity Profile at Point B on Cross-Section 17(13644681, 542455)

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Flow Direction Profile at Point B on Cross-Section 17(13644681, 542455)

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Highlights of the Application

MIKE21/MIKE3 failed to reproduce the circulation at the return channel of basinMISED reproduced unstable eddies immediately upstream of Black River Mouth under steady flow conditionAgree well with USGS ADCP measurement and physical model results

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MISED Model

Physical Model

Black River Upstream of the St. Clair River

Upstream of the St. Clair River

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Modeling Challenges in Lake St. Clair Drainage System

Small rivers vs. large lakesRequire fine grid in rivers and large grids in lakes

Instantaneous dynamics vs. chronic physical process

Reverse flow caused by storm surgesLong-term process for morphological change and lake eutrophicationRequire high performance model

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MISED – Baird in-house model

3D model for hydrodynamic, sediment transport, and morphological simulations in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas.High performance and high accuracy benefited by using new numerical method

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Modeling Capabilities

FLOW MODULE

Generic TransportModule

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

MODULE

TURBULENCEMODULE

TEMPERATUREMODULE

SALINITY MODULE

MORPHOLOGICALMODULE

MeteorologicalModel Inputs

Density

Eddy Viscosity

Wave Model Inputs

Bed Change

Turbulence

Density Driven Flow and Stratification

Morphological Change Feedback

Baroclinic andbarotropic impacts

Wind drag