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Stephen HundtU.S. Geological SurveyIdaho Water Science CenterSeptember 7, 2017
Timi ng
Timing Module
Modeling Code: Introduction to MODFLOW6
Main Program
Start lterative ModelSolutionType GwfModelType
Solutions Models Exchanges Utilities Create ICR) Create ICR)
BaseSolutionType BaseModelType BaseExchang eType Observation Type
Define IOFI Define IDF) NumericalSolutionType NumericalModelType N umerica I Exchange Type TimeSeriesType
Add Connections IAC)
GwfModelType* I I TimeArraySeriesType ~------~
GwfExchangeType* Allocate and Read (AR)
I MemoryManagerType Map Connections IMC)
* Describ ed in a separate report
Time Update ITU) Allocate and Read (AR)
Read and Prepare (RP) Read and Prepare (RP)
Simulation Calculate ICA) Calculate (CA) Advance (AD)
Calculate Coefficients (CF)
Timing Module Numeri cal Solution Fill Coefficients IFC)
GWFModel (CHI LDl)
GWFModel (PARENT)
GWFModel (CHI LD2)
GWF-GWF Exchange (PARENT-CHILDl)
GWF-GWF Exchange (PARENT-C HI LD2)
Output (OT)
Final Processing IFP)
Deallocate IDA)
End
Newton Raphson INRI
Convergence Check ICC)
Newton Dampening IND)
BudgetlBD)
Output (OT)
Final Processing IFP)
Deallocate IDA)
ilUSGS science, tor a changing world
Hundt
Goals
Introduce MODFLOW 6
Selection criteria
Some thoughts
EUSGS
Hundt
Real System
Michael Gordon [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
IIUSGS
Hundt
ModelUnt it led • Model Viewer - D
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c:;, DATA (D,)
~ Di sciplineSpecialists (\\ IG SV!
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Name
~ push_pull.chk
D pu sh_pull.cbc
D push_pull.hds
~ push_pull .list
D push_pull.ddn
~ push_pull.chd
[J" push_pull.nam
~ pu sh_pull.oc
~ push_pull.pcg
~ push_pull.lpf
~ pu sh_pull.ba s
~ push_pull.dis
l!J mf2005.exe
Search 1 a_lnje... JJ
Date modified Ty pe
8n/201711:49AM Recovered,,,
7/ 31 /201710'53AM CBCF;1,
7/ 31/201710:53AM HOS File
7/ 31/201710:53 AM LIST File
7/ 31/201710:SJAM DON File
3/17/2017 4:25 PM CHO File
3/ 17/2017 4:25 PM NAM File
3/ 17/2017 4:25 PM OC File
3/ 17/2017 4:25 PM PCG File
3/ 17/2017 4:25 PM LPF File
3/ 17/2017 4:25 PM BAS File
3/ 17/2017 4:25 PM DIS File
9/28/2016 6:07 PM Application
Hundt
Model, Model, Model…
Mathematical Model- governing equations
Analytical Solution- Exact, closed form- Analytical Model
Modeling Code
Conceptual Model- properties, geometry, boundaries- important physical processes (process models)
Fault
CONFINING UNIT
CONFINING UNIT
UN
CO
NF
INE
D
AQ
UIF
IER
CO
NF
INE
D
AQ
UIF
IER
Numerical Approximation- Discretize time, space- Linear system -> solver- Numerical Model
A x B
=
Model Scenario
CR . (i '" m ) ( ,.J-1 2,k 11,1- l.k - h ,.j .k + CR . . j m. - J m ) 1,J• I 2,k h rl ,k l i.jJ:
+ CC-0, 2,,,k (h:".1 ,j.k- hcj.k} + CC . (hm _1m} •·12,J,k ,+I.J ,k l i,J,k
+ CV,.,.1:-1 2(h ~,.1.:-i -h~j.1.: ) + CV· (hm - J m ) q.k- 1 2 l.J.k ... J 11,J.k
( )[ I l I
IIUSGS
Hundt
MODFLOW
Groundwater modeling software from USGS
Free and open-source
Long history
Used in Idaho
Well-documented
Commercial interfaces & other tools
EUSGS
Hundt
88 96 2000 2005
CDSS
USGNWT
LGR
84
MODFLOW History
CoreVersions
Variants
'£ ~l ~111~~"?.::.~2Li:. j
I .. .. .... • ~ •
r ...... . ,... •
----.... .. ,_ ......... -
.. :,;. .. _
i ·A ___ , ____ ._ _..,_, __ , ,._
::--~ --=-
~ ~1"'-~ ............. _ ...... , ..
'Ej' · ·-· ..
,: : • !- : : .... .,.; .. · ... .. . , ___
IIUSGS
Hundt
Modflow 6
New core version
Cleans-up
Brings features from
alternate versions together
New framework for future
extensions
New I/O options
EUSGS
Hundt
Modflow 6: Spatial Discretization
Regular, fully structured
Fully unstructured
Layered mesh
• Flexible cell shapes, all layers the same
IIUSGS
Hundt
Modflow 6: Grids
Pinched cells in structured grid
Connect cells through inactive cell
IBOUND
replaced by
IDOMAIN
IIUSGS
Layerl
Layer2 i------+-..-• Layer3
Impermeable bedrock
Layerl
Layer2
Layer3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
Sand aquifer
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
EXPLANATI ON IDOMAIN codes
>0 Included cell =0 Excluded cell
1 1
1 1
1 1
<0 Excluded pass-through cell
1
1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 0
Hundt
Modflow 6: Packages
Most options from
2005, LGR, USG,
NWT
Some reorganization
Some simplifications
• MAW (from MNW)
• SFR
New features
Package Name Abbreviation Package Category
Di cretizati on DIS, DISV or DISU Hydrologic/In ternal
Initial Cond ition IC Hydrologic/Internal
Node Property Flow NPF Hydrologic/Internal
Horizontal Flow Ba1Tier HFB Hydrologic/Internal
Ghost-Node Con-ection GNC Hydrologic/Internal
Storage STO Hydrologic/Internal
Specified Head CHD Hydrologic/Stress
WeII WEL Hydrologic/Stre s
Recharge RCH Hydrologic/Stress
River RIV Hydrologic/Stre s
General-Head Boundary GHB Hydrologic/Stre s
Drain DRN Hydrologic/Stre s
Evapotranspiration EVT Hydrologic/Stress
Stream-Flow Routing SFR Hydrologic/Advanced Strns
Lake LAK Hydrologic/Advanced Strnss
Multi-Aquifer WeII MAW Hydrologic/Advanced Stre s
Unsaturated Zone Flow UZF Hydrologic/Advanced Strnss
Water Mover MVR Hydrologic/ Advanced Stress
Model Observations OBS Output
Output Control oc Output
IIUSGS
Hundt
Modflow 6: Stress Packages
Multiple stress packages
of same type in a model
• E.g. rch_pppt & rch_irrig
• Organization; accounting
Water mover to transfer
between packages
• Tracks and reports flows
• Rules and priorities
5
C z 0
4 u UJ
"' er: EXPLANATION UJ "-
~ -- Inflow: STORAGE UJ 3
-- Inflow: HEAD DEP BOUNDS t; :E - Inflow: RCH_Precip u iii -- Inflow: RCH: Corn irrig ::,
2 -- Inflow: River 2 u ~ --Outflow: PSB-WEL Part 1 ... -~ --Outflow: PSB-WEL Part 2 er:
--Outflow: River 1 s: 1 0 --outflow: Rive r 2 ..I u.
--outflow: River 3
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
IIUSGS
Hundt
Modflow 6: Multiple Models
Multiple models can be
coupled together
Child models, or
adjacent models can
run as one model
IIUSGS
No Flow
I \ I 1 I I I I I
\. ~ea of local refinement
T := / ,r, 1:::: ..... , / r-do
!::! "1' II
~ ' -g;
~
"" I 8 g
,.,,.~ ,,a:
/
i _,--.
----/
;;; ;::; 0 u
' '
N
~ i .. l::WtlSlz'r: ..
l54 -4. l 1111
A. Horizonlally adjacenl models 8. Vertically adjacent models
ModelZ
-
Model 1
Model3
-
C. l ocally refined grids
Model 1
B
0. Periodic boundary conditions
Model I
Lett boundary ----="-sc:-----rc::._ ___ I Right boundary
GWF-GWF hydraulic
connection
Hundt
Modflow 6: Multiple Models Define exchange
between models
Tightly-coupled at matrix
level
• Faster, more stable
I
Exchange Ml--M2
Exchange M1-M3
IIUSGS
Column!mf
Exchange M2-MJ
Exchange M1---M2
Ucange MI---MJ
Exchange M2-M3
ModelMJ
.. .. . ·:.
MODFLOW6 Simulation
Timing Module
Numerical Solution
Groundwater Flow Model 2
Spatia l Discretization
Initia l Conditions
Output Control
Node Property Flow
Storage
Rivers
Wells
Spatia l Discretization
Initia l Conditions
Output Control
Node Property Flow
Storage
Hundt
Modflow 6: Input Structure
Blocks and
keywords
• More readable
• Easier backward compatibility
More commenting
options
• More readable
• Include documentation in input files
IIUSGS
# Comment for this TDIS input fiLe
BEGIN OPTIONS TIME_UNITS DAYS
END OPTIONS
BEGIN DIMENSIONS NPER 2
END DIMENSIONS
BEGIN PERIODDATA 365.00 1 1.0 Items: PERLEN NSTP TSMULT 365.00 10 1.2 Items: PERLEN NSTP TSMULT
END PERIODDATA
#This is an alternative options block BEGIN OPTIONS
# Assign two auxiliary variables AUXILIARY temperature salinity # Specify the maximum iteration MAXIMUM_ITERATION 10 #specify the print input option PRINT_INPUT
END OPTIONS #done with the options block
Hundt
Modflow 6: Input Structure
IIUSGS
#The OPTIONS bLock is optionaL BEGIN OPTIONS
LENGTH_UNITS METERS END OPTIONS
#The DIMENSIONS bLock is requi red BEGIN DIMENSI ONS
NLAY 10 NROW 1 NCOL 21
END DIMENSIONS
#The GRIDDATA bLock is required BEGIN GRIDDATA
DELR INTERNAL FACTOR 1 .
. 1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . 1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . 1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . 1 .1 .1 .1 0.01 DELC
CONSTANT 1.0 TOP LAYERED
CONSTANT 1. BOTM LAYERED
CONSTANT 0.9 CONSTANT 0.8 CONSTANT 0.7 CONSTANT 0.6 CONSTANT 0.5 CONSTANT 0.4 CONSTANT 0.3 CONSTANT 0.2 CONSTANT 0.1 CONSTANT 0.0
END GRIDDATA
Hundt
Modflow 6: Input Structure
Time-series files
• External files
• Named columns
• Times independent of model periods
• Dates and times an option
IIUSGS
Contents of file "welLpump_rates .ts":
BEGIN ATTRIBUTES NAMES well-A-series well-B-series well-C-series METHODS stepwise linear stepwise
END ATTRIBUTES
BEGIN TIMESERIES # time we Li-A-series well-B-series weLi-C-series 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -500.0 0.0 -400.0 2.0 -500 .0 -1000 .0 -500 .0 5.0 -500.0 -1200.0 -200.0 8.0 -500 .0 -1100.0 0.0
END TIMESERIES
Contents of the Well Package input file:
BEGIN OPTIONS TS6 FILEIN well_pump_rates.ts
END OPTIONS
BEGIN DIMENSIONS MAXBOUND 4
END DIMENSIONS
BEG IN PERIOD 2 #layer row col Q (or time series)
9 192 44 well-A-series 10 43 17 well-B-series 11 12 17 well-C-series
END PERIOD
Hundt
Modflow 6: Input Structure
Same READARRAY options
• External arrays used for things like PEST pilot point tools remain intact
EUSGS
Hundt
Modflow 6: Misc. & Upcoming
MF6 will be base model for future
enhancements
• Pipe-network model
• Transport (non-MT3D)
• Variable density flow
• Surface water routing
• Watershed model
EUSGS
Hundt
Modflow 6: Accompanying Tools
USGS tools available
now or soon
• Zonebudget
• MODPATH Model Viewer
• Model Muse
• Flopy (python tool)
IIUSGS
I +
, -. u ~ .... _.., IJ u ii t:::i ~ ,._ :;· :_• ~- - t- D "-' ~~ ,r~ C. .-. i:I 'Ill. ..._
I(• ,. -1:- ~ ::.c:i .•= ; ..:. : ~:r :J • .tr lill
Crtall and run the MODFLOW-tJIG moct.l
._..,. ....... -," " --=..---~-·--·
··----·11111, .... , .. ""_" .. -· ...,.,_,, ....... . .. , ..... ,i. ·-1-,_ ...... ,. .. ............. .. s =~= ~::~:: ~ ... _ -::-_1 ,-......... ,....i ....
1•1 ,,_,,,
,. [tj, ;:E~ ~, :!·:?·· _, -- ......... ,w,i..,,.. IJ
l•l•l·'" .... _ •.
... '"'' .. ···"'---·--··--···-
---
Hundt
Modflow 6: Accompanying Tools
Commerical GUIs:
• MF6 developers have talked to major GUI developers, have intentions to support
GMS
GW Vistas
Visual MODFLOW
TV Model won’t be tied to GUI
EUSGS
Hundt
Modflow 6: Accompanying Tools
PEST
• PEST is model-independent
• Some GW Utilities won’t currently work
Changed binary output format
MOD2OBS & MOD2SMP
• MF6 OBS package
can report any head or fluxes
won’t interpolate in space or time
EUSGS
Hundt
Selection Criteria
MF6, USG, or 2005?
Factors• Needed features
• Familiarity
• Ease of learning model
• Ease of updating & running scenarios
• Support from existing tools
• Execution (solver) speed
• Proven reliability
My 2₵
<- not limiting factor
<- older may be better
<- MF6
<- MF6 if GUI support is good
<- older is better
<- MF6
<- older may be better
EUSGS
Hundt
USGS personnelJim Bartolino
USGS Project Chief
208-387-1392
Stephen Hundt
USGS modeler
208-387-1390
U.S. Geological SurveyIdaho Water Science Center
230 Collins RdBoise, ID 83702IIUSGS
