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Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics:
A spatially varied and biologically active system
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Dariia Atamanchuk, Douglas Wallace, Helmuth Thomas, Ka Ki Kam
Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie UniversityOceanPredict, May 2019, Halifax
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 1
DIC OMPOM DOM
POM
CO2
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 2
DIC OMPOM DOM
POM
CO2
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
DIC OM
POM DOM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 3
DIC OMPOM DOM
POM
CO2
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
DIC OM
POM DOM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
DIC OMPOM DOM
POM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 4
DIC OMPOM DOM
POM
CO2
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
DIC OM
POM DOM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 5
DIC OM
POM DOM
POM
CO2
CO2
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
DIC OM
POM DOM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 6
+ lateral/along-shelf transport
DIC OM
POM DOM
POM
CO2
CO2
DIC, OM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
DIC, OM
DIC OM
POM DOM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 7
Sea-Air CO2 Flux(mol C m-2 yr-1)
+ Source - Sink
Laruelle et al. 2014
Laruelle et al. 2015
Shadwick et al. 2011
Signorini et al. 2013
Scotian Shelf
-0.33 ± 0.25
- 0.25 ± 0.08
+ 1.42 ± 0.28
- 1.10 ± 0.25
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 8
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 9
DIC OMPOM DOM
POM
CO2
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
DIC OM
POM DOM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
How are biological processes impacting the carbon dynamics
on the ScotianShelf?
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 10
Surf
ace p
CO
2
Day
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350200
300
400
500
600
(μat
m)
CARIOCA Buoy Observations (2009-2014)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 11
DIC OMPOM DOM
POM
CO2
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
DIC OM
POM DOM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 11
+ lateral/along-shelf transport
DIC OM
POM DOM
POM
CO2
CO2
DIC, OM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
DIC, OM
DIC OM
POM DOM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
How are transport processes impacting the carbon dynamics on the
Scotian Shelf?
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 12
Condor Observations: surface pCO2 (μatm)
March 12, 2018 April 9, 2018 June 3, 2018
• 10 km horizontal resolution• 30 vertical layers• Physical B.C. from Urrego-Blanco &
Sheng (2012)• Biochemical B.C. from
observations• 3-hourly ECMWF ERA-Interim
atmospheric forcing• 12 major rivers• Tides• No ice• HSIMT advection scheme
Biogeochemical ROMS implementation for Atlantic Canada
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 13
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 14
0 100 200 300
Day
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
Surface pCO2
200
300
400
500
600
100 200 3000
Day
pC
O2
(uat
m)
CARIOCA Buoy:Observations (2009-2014) vs Model (1999-2001)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 15
Condor observations (2018) vs model (2000): surface pCO2
March 12, 2018 April 9, 2018 June 3, 2018
March 19, 2000 April 3, 2000 September 27, 2000
Co
nd
or
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Mo
del
Res
ult
s
surface pCO2 (μatm)
surface pCO2 (μatm)
surface pCO2 (μatm)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 15
Condor observations (2018) vs model (2000): surface pCO2
March 12, 2018 April 9, 2018 June 3, 2018
March 19, 2000 April 3, 2000 September 27, 2000
Co
nd
or
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Mo
del
Res
ult
s
surface pCO2 (μatm)
surface pCO2 (μatm)
surface pCO2 (μatm)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 15
Condor observations (2018) vs model (2000): surface pCO2
March 12, 2018 April 9, 2018 June 3, 2018
March 19, 2000 April 3, 2000 September 27, 2000
Co
nd
or
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Mo
del
Res
ult
s
surface pCO2 (μatm)
surface pCO2 (μatm)
surface pCO2 (μatm)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 15
Condor observations (2018) vs model (2000): surface pCO2
March 12, 2018 April 9, 2018 June 3, 2018
March 19, 2000 April 3, 2000 September 27, 2000
Co
nd
or
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Mo
del
Res
ult
s
surface pCO2 (μatm)
surface pCO2 (μatm)
surface pCO2 (μatm)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 15
Condor observations (2018) vs model (2000): surface pCO2
March 12, 2018 April 9, 2018 June 3, 2018
March 19, 2000 April 3, 2000 September 27, 2000
Co
nd
or
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Mo
del
Res
ult
s
surface pCO2 (μatm)
surface pCO2 (μatm)
surface pCO2 (μatm)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 16
CO2
DIC, OM
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sediments
DIC, OM
upwelling
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 17
2520151050Coastal upwelling evident as a thin band along the
coast of Nova Scotia, mirroring the high pCO2
observations
Surface temperature
(oC)
600500400300
(μatm)
Surface pCO2
Sept-27-2000
• Scaling up one station does not explain the entire Scotian Shelf due to important shelf-wide spatial variability.
• Both biological and transport processes are playing important roles in Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics.
• Our model helps to interpret observations and mechanistically understand the pCO2 dynamics.
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 18
SUMMARY
to be continued…
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 15
700
600
500
400
300Sept-27-2000
Surface pCO2 (μatm)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 18
June-29-2000
Sept-27-2000 25
20
15
10
5
0
Surface temperature
Surface pCO2
700
600
500
400
300
(μatm)
(oC)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 10
Surf
ace p
CO
2
Day
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350200
300
400
500
600
(μat
m)
CARIOCA Buoy Observations
Based on single station: Scotian Shelf is source of CO2
(+1.15± 1.38 mol C m-2 yr -1)Sea-Air CO2 Flux(mol C m-2 yr-1)
Laruelle et al. 2014
Laruelle et al. 2015
Shadwick et al. 2011
Signorini et al. 2013
Scotian Shelf
-0.33 ± 0.25
- 0.25 ± 0.08
+ 1.42 ± 0.28
- 1.10 ± 0.25
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 1
0 100 200 300Day
200
300
400
500
600
Surf
ace p
CO
2
(μat
m)
Buoy Observations: (+1.15± 1.38)
Model at Buoy Location: (+1.13± 0.30)
Model over Scotian Shelf:(+0.37± 1.17)
Sea-Air CO2 Flux(mol C m-2 yr-1)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 1
Sea-Air CO2 Flux(mol C m-2 yr-1)
Laruelle et al. 2014
Laruelle et al. 2015
Shadwick et al. 2011
Signorini et al. 2013
Scotian Shelf
-0.33 ± 0.25
- 0.25 ± 0.08
+ 1.42 ± 0.28
- 1.10 ± 0.25
0 100 200 300Day
200
300
400
500
600
Surf
ace p
CO
2
(μat
m)
Buoy Observations: (+1.15± 1.38)
Model at Buoy Location: (+1.13± 0.30)
Model over Scotian Shelf:(+0.37± 1.17)
Sea-Air CO2 Flux(mol C m-2 yr-1)
Model-data assessment of Scotian Shelf carbon dynamics 1
land coastal & shelf seas open ocean
sedimentsupwelling