Mobile-wireless Computing

8/7/2019 Mobile-wireless Computing

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Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications

Mobile computing is an ability to use technology while moving, as opposedto portable computers, which are only practical for use while positioned in a

stationary configuration.

Many types of mobile computers have been introduced since the 1990s,

including the:

Wearable computerPersonal digital assistant/Enterprise digital assistant

Smartphone

Carputer is the predominant term used to describe a category of mobile

computer, designed or modified to specifically be installed and run in

automobilesUltra-Mobile PC


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The language includes

M-Business, M-Government

M-Commerce, P-Commerce, V-Commerce

M-SCM, M-CRM, SMS, MMS, M-Portal

Symbian WAP MS Mobile Internet Toolkit (MMIT) WML VoiceXML J2ME

BREW(Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless)

Mobile IP, Mob Ad hoc NET, Open Mobile Alliance, International

Telecommunication Union, European Telecommunication Standards

Institutes, Federal Communication Commission

Bluetooth, WLL, DECT, HomeRadioFrequency

WI-Fi, GPRS, UMTS, 802.11, 802.16, 802.15, WSN

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Forward Error Correction

Time DMA Code DMA


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Framework: The Building Blocks

Mobile Business, Government, and Life

Mobile Computing Applications

Mobile Computing Platforms

(Wireless Middleware, Mobile IP)

Wireless Networks

(Wireless LANs, Cellular Networks,

Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)

Architectures andIntegration

Wireless Security

Management and

Support

Wireless Business,Regulations, and

Standards

Drivers

Enablers Research and developmen

in every building block


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Supporting M-Apps: Mobile Computing

Platforms

Mobile Device

(Cell Phone, PDA, Pocket PC)

Server(Web Server, eMail server,

Mainframe)

Application

Physic l ir l ss t rk

( t s, Tr sc i rs, s t ti s,ll l r t rks, 802.11 s,t llit s)

MiddlewareServices

Network

Transport

Services

Local

Platform

Services

Application

Mobile

Computing

Platform Network

Transport

Services

Local

Platform

Services

MiddlewareServices


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Mobile Computing Platforms

Mobile operating systems

- Palm OS

-Windows CE (embedded compact)

- Symbian OS

Mobile database managersMobile transaction managers

Utilities for mobile devices

Wireless Middleware (information hiding versus

Information providing)

Wireless Gateways: Collection of Middleware services

Mobile Application Server


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Wireless Web

WAP

Gateway

Web

Server

Servelet

Content

(XML/HTML)

eCommerce

Module

HTML/XML

WML

VoiceXML

GatewayVoiceXML

Many players- WAP

-iMode

-J2ME

- BREW

-MMIT

Industry activity

- Open Mobility Alliance


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Mobile IP The Roaming in Wireless Internet World

IP

Network

ISP Servers

NSP POPHome Networkfor A

NSP POPForeign

Network

for A

Mobile Node A

Foreign

Agent

Home

Agent

1

2

3

4

5

Research issues:

Can Mobile IP replace roaming

Security issues

Performance issues

Flash OFDM

Uses Mobile IP

For cellular networks


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WIRELESS NETWORKS

Different type of wireless networks support mobile computingapplications and platforms

Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth, Sensors, UWB, Zigbees)

Wireless LANs (802.11 family) Fixed Wireless Local loops

Cellular networks 1G to 5G

Satellite systems

Many Research Issues: short list Lower level issues (e.g., signaling, error correction, smart antennas)

Mobile Adhoc Networks

Voice over 802.11


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Wireless PANs: Home Networking

Wireless LAN2

(Master/slave)

First Floor

= Wireless AdapterWireless connection

Wireless connection

Second Floor

Printer

Baby

Monitor

TV

Phone

Laptop

Laptop

xDSL, cable,

ISDN, or other

Main PC

Internet

Gateway

Players:

Bluetooth

Sensor networks

UWB802.11

Zigbees

HomeR/F (dead


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Bluetooth

Cellular

Network

PSTN

Access

Point

Wired

LANBluetooth Piconet

(1 Mbps, 10 meters, mobile adhoc network)


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Wireless Sensor Networks

Network ofTiny

Sensors

Network of

Tiny

Sensors

Network of

Powerful

Sensors

Powerful

server

Many R&D

efforts

Sensor = mote


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802.11 Family LANs

Wireless LANCell

Wireless LANCell

Wireless LANCell

CentrexRouter

Link to

Public Ethernet

T1

or

DSL

X

Y Z

LAN Server

Wired Ethernet LAN

X, Y, Z are

access points

for the wireless

Ethernet LANs

AB

C D

A, B, C, D are

student laptops

11a, 11b, 11g

11n

11i security

11e QoS


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Inter-Exchange

Switch

Telephone

LAN

PBX, TV

Wireless

Local Loop

Offerings

(MMDS Multichannel Multipoint

distribution service, LMDS-Local

Multipoint distribution service)

Toll

Connecting

Trunks

Inter-Exchange

Switch

Local

Control

Office

Telephone

Wired

Local

Loop

Toll

Connecting

Trunks

Intertoll

Trunks

Wireless Local Loops

Narrowband telephony services

Broadband high-speed data service

Interesting

applications


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Evolution: 1G to 5G

1G(


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Satellite Communications

plinko nlink

GEO= 35,000 km, 250 ms delayLEO = 4,000 km, 20 ms delay

MEO = 10,000 km, 50 ms delay


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Research Issue:Deep Space Networking


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Integration Vision

Cont nt

Provi r

Cont nt

Enterpris

eDatabases

Offic

(802.11)

Home

LAN

(802.11)

Home

LAN( l etooth)

Cel l l r

Cell(GSM, GPRS)

Hots ot

LAN

(802.11)

Content

Provi ereb

Content

Enterpris

eDatabases

Content

Provi er

Cell l r

Cell

( )

ireless

nd ired

WAN


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Integration Framework

M- siness nd

MobileApplic tions ( MS, MMS,

Voice, M-commerce)

M- siness nd

MobileApplic tions (SMS, MMS,

Voice, M-commerce)

Wireless Communic tionNet orks

(WLANs, Cellul r, WLLs, Satellites)

Wireless CommunicationNet orks

(WLANs, Cellular, WLLs, Satellites)

MobileComputingPlatforms

- Wireless Middleware (WAP, I-Mode, J2ME)- MobilePlatformServices (MobileOS, Utilities)

Wireless Internet

and Mobile IP

Network

interfaces

Handoffs

Multirate

cards

oaming

Support through

Mobile IP

Shield theapp.

developers from

thenetwork

heterogeneities

Provide consistent

user interfaces for

seamless operations.


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Vertical Versus Horizontal Integrations

App1

Platform1

Network1 Integrated Physical Network

App1

Platform1

a). Total Vertical Integration b). Horizontal Integrationat Network Level

App 2

Platform2

Network2

App2

Platform2

App1

Network1

c). Horizontal Integration

at Platform Level

App 2

Network2

Integrated Platform + IP Platform1

Network1

Platform2

Network2

Integrated Applications

d). Horizontal Integration

at Application Level


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Wireless Security The Big Picture

Security

Solutions

External Factors

Intruder/attacker/assaultThreatsPrivacy and confidentialty laws

Consumer/customer attitudes

Organizational Requirements

Survivability and Tolerance

Requirements

QoS RequiremenstsBudgettary and policy restrictions

IT Assets

Applications and automated servicesDatabases, files

Computing platforms

Middleware (e.g., web servers)

Networks (hardware, routing software

Latest Security Technologies

Cryptographic techniques

Managing digital certificates and PKISecure payment systems

Significant research developments

Physical Assets

Humans

Buildings

Other corporate assets

(e.g., planes, trains, andautomobiles)

Unique issues:

- medium

- mobility


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User View (PIA4)Privacy

assure privacy of information (i.e., no one other than the authorized people

can see the information) in storage or transmissionIntegrity

the integrity of information (i.e., no unauthorized modification)

Authentication:

identify for certain who is communicating with you

Authorization (Access control):

determine what access rights that person has).

Accountability (Auditing): .

assure that you can tell who did what when and convince yourself that thesystem keeps its security promises.

Includes non-repudiation (NR) -- the ability to provide proofof the origin ordelivery ofdata.

NR protects the senderagainst a false denial by the recipient that the datahas been received. Also protects the recipient against false denial by thesender that the data has been sent..

a receiver cannot say that he/she never received the data or the sendercannot say that he/she never sent any data

Availability: access to system when a userneeds it


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Sample Wireless Security Technologies

Applications

Middleware

Wireless

Link

802.11 security (WEP)

Cellular network security

Satellite link security

WLL and cordless link security

SSL and TLS

WAP security (WTLS)

Web security (HTTPS, PICS, HTTP Headers)

Proxy server security

SET for transaction security

S/MIME and PGP for secure email

Java security (sandboxes)

Database security

TCP/IPIPSEC and wirless VPN

Mobile IP

Can use

higher level

services to

compensate

for lower layers

Tradeoffs in

performance

and security


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Wireless Security Example

Wireless LAN

Cell

Wireless LAN

Cell

Wireless LAN

Cell

Centrex

Router

and

Firewall

Link to

Public Internet

T1

or

DSL

X

Y Z

LAN Server

Fast Ethernet

LAN(Backbone)

1. No physical net security(server ID/PW)

2. No physical net security

(server ID/PW + encryption)

3. Physical net security at APs

(optional

server ID/PW + encryption)

AB

C D

Wired Ethernet

LAN


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Wireless Management and Business

STRATEGIC PLANNING Business Strategy Analysis

Analyzing Business Processes and Business Workflows

Mobile Application Identification and Selection.

CAPABILITY EVALUATIONWireless Infrastructure Planning

Capacity Planning & Traffic Engineering

Resource and Cost Estimation

DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT

Mobile application development

Wireless infrastructure development

yOutsourcing the Wireless Infrastructure

MONITORING AND CONTROL

Wireless fault and

performance management

Wireless Security and

configuration management

ORGANIZING/STAFFING

. Mobile Virtual Teams

. Mobile Real-time Enterprises


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Wireless Value Chain

Wireless

Network

Operators

Wireless

Network

Element

Providers

Middleware/

Gateway

Providers

Content

Providers/

Aggregators

Mobile

Application

Providers

Mobile

Device

Builders

Enterpris

Wireless

Users


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Reference

Model

1. Physical

2. Data Layer

3. Network

4. Transport

5. Session

6. Presentation

7. Application

Call

Switching

(Cellular networks,

Wireless LANs,

Satellites,

Wireless Local Loops)

PSTN

Routing

Wireless

Telephone

Business

IP Data

Network

Routing

Wireless

Management

Business

Wireless

Consulting

Business

Wireless

Telephony

Applications

and

Services

Physical Network Elements

Wireless

NetworkManagement

Wireless

Application

and

Platform

Management

WirelessNetwork

Consulting

and

Engineering

Services

Systems

Consulting

Applications

(e.g., SMS,

email,

Wireless Web,

Mobile EC/EB)

Wireless Data

Network

Business

Documents

Mobile-wireless Computing