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Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 1
MOBLIE PHONE NETWORKSDr. Hassan Nojumi
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 2
Functions of Mobile Phones
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 3
Functions of Mobile Phones
• Send/Receive Voice Message
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 4
Functions of Mobile Phones
• Send/Receive Voice Message
• Send/Receive E-Mail
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 5
Functions of Mobile Phones
• Send/Receive Voice Messages
• Send/Receive E-Mail
• Internet Connection
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 6
Functions of Mobile Phones
• Send/Receive Voice Messages
• Send/Receive E-Mail
• Internet Connection
• Complementing PDAs, GPS Receivers, etc.
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 7
Functionality
Combination of
. . .
And
. . .
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 8
Functionality
Combination of
Telephone Technology
And
. . .
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 9
Functionality
Combination of
Telephone Technology
And
Wireless Communication
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 10
Basic Notion
Geographical Division into
Cells
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 11
Basic Notion
Geographical Division into
Cells
Result:
Possibility of simultaneous use of frequency bands by users
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Basic Technology
Each Cell
• About 10 square miles About 26 square kilometers
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Basic Technology
Each Cell
• About 10 square miles About 26 square kilometers
• With a Base Station with transmission equipment and antenna
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Basic Technology
• Communication can be made using the same frequencies in different cells.
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Basic Technology
• Communication can be made using the same frequencies in different cells.
• Several service providers may use one Tower.
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Basic Notion: Cellular
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 17
Communication Channels
Simplex: One-Way
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Communication Channels
Half-Duplex: Two-Way
One at a time
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 19
Communication Channels
Full-Duplex: Two-Way
Simultaneously
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 20
Communication Channels
Full-Duplex: Two-Way
Simultaneously
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Communication Channels
Each cell
• About 56 Voice Channels (Full-Duplex)
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Communication Channels
Each cell
• About 56 Voice Channels (Full-Duplex)
• Several Control Channels
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Communication Channels
Each cell
• About 56 Voice Channels (Full-Duplex)
• Several Control Channels
• Three-fold increase possible by TDMA
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Analog Versus Digital
Digital signals can be manipulated, compressed, etc., more easily.
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 25
Analog Versus Digital
Digital signals can be manipulated, compressed, etc., more easily.
FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) for Tower/Phone Connection
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Access Technologies
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 27
Access Technologies
FDMA
Frequency Division
Multiple Access
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Access Technologies
FDMA
Frequency Division
Multiple Access
Available frequency band is divided and each part assigned separately.
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 29
Access Technologies
FDMA
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Access Technologies
FDMA
• Traditional radio transmission
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Access Technologies
FDMA
• Traditional radio transmission
• Not efficient for digital transmission
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Access Technologies
TDMA
Time Division
Multiple Access
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 33
Access Technologies
TDMA
Time Division
Multiple Access
Available time is divided and each part assigned separately.
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Access Technologies
TDMA
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Access Technologies
TDMA
Suitable for digital transmission as compression techniques can greatly reduce needed transmission time.
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Access Technologies
TDMA
• “Multiprogramming” idea
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Access Technologies
TDMA
• “Multiprogramming” idea
• Has typically three times the capacity of an analog system
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Access Technologies
TDMA
• IS- 54: 800 MHz Band
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Access Technologies
TDMA
• IS- 54: 800 MHz Band
• IS-136: 1900 MHz Band
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Access Technologies
TDMA
• IS- 54: 800 MHz Band
• IS-136: 1900 MHz Band
• Dual-Band phones can operate in both bands.
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Access Technologies
TDMA/GSM
Global System for
Mobile Communications
Specialized TDMA used for mobile phone communication
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Access Technologies
TDMA/GSM
Encryption methods are used to make the call more secure.
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Access Technologies
TDMA/GSM
To Connect to different service providers, users change their
SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) Cards that contain necessary data for connection
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Access Technologies
CDMA
Code Division
Multiple Access
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 45
Access Technologies
CDMA
Code Division
Multiple Access
Communication data is digitized and distributed
over the available band.
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Access Technologies
CDMA
Code Division
Multiple Access
Each call is assigned a Sequence Code. Calls are
overlaid over available band.
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Access Technologies
CDMA
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Communication Cells
• Each cell About 26 Km 2
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Communication Cells
• Each cell About 26 Km
• Many Base Stations and Transmission Towers required for a large city (paid off by many customers)
2
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Communication Cells
All Base Stations in a region are controlled by an MTSO (Mobile Telephone Switching Office)
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Cell Phone Codes
ESN
Electronic Serial Number
Unique 32-bit number programmed into the phone at manufacture
- Permanent and Unchangeable -
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Cell Phone Codes
MIN
Mobile Identification Number
10-digit number derived from
mobile phone number
- Assigned When Phone Activated -
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Cell Phone Codes
SID
System Identification Number
5-Digit Carrier Code
- Assigned When Phone Activated -
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Cell Phone Codes
Each phone user has a unique MIN&ESN identification, used by the phone company for billing.
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Cell Phone Codes
MIN&ESN identification may be captured by scanning the call and used by a third party for making fraudulent calls.
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Cell Phone Communication
Startup
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Cell Phone Communication
Startup
• Phone turned on.
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Cell Phone Communication
Startup
• Phone turned on.
• Device sends Registration Request to MTSO
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Cell Phone Communication
Startup
• Phone turned on.
• Device sends Registration Request to MTSO
• An SID is looked for on a Control Channel.
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Cell Phone Communication
Startup
If SID not found, Out of Range.
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Cell Phone Communication
Startup
If SID not found, Out of Range.
If SID found, comparison is made with the programmed SID in the phone device
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Cell Phone Communication
Startup
If SID not found, Out of Range.
If SID found, comparison is made with the programmed SID in the phone device
Matched SID Means Home
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Cell Phone Communication
Startup
If SID Not matched, MTSO contacts the Home MTSO to verify that SID in the phone device is valid.
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Cell Phone Communication
Connection
Destination is dialed.
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Cell Phone Communication
Connection
Destination is dialed.
MTSO selects and assigns a frequency channel for call
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Cell Phone Communication
Connection
Cell Change is done by coordination between cells and MTSO using signal strengths.
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Basic Notion: Cellular
Mobile Phone Networks Dr. Hassan Nojumi 68
Other Cellular Phone Details:
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Other Cellular Phone Details:
• Hardware/Software
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Other Cellular Phone Details:
• Hardware/Software
• Analog-to-Digital Conversion
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Other Cellular Phone Details:
• Hardware/Software
• Analog-to-Digital Conversion
• Digital-to-Analog Conversion
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Other Cellular Phone Details:
• Hardware/Software
• Analog-to-Digital Conversion
• Digital-to-Analog Conversion
• Display
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Other Cellular Phone Details:
• Hardware/Software
• Analog-to-Digital Conversion
• Digital-to-Analog Conversion
• Display
• Power/Batteries
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Other Cellular Phone Details:
• Cell Phone Etiquette
