Mobile Devices Case/ p 71What are some of the benefits that organizations could realize by connecting all of their

employees by mobile devices?• Provide “time” and “place” flexibility• Mobile sale forces could do product demonstrations, check

inventory and place orders online real time while at the customer location.

• Reduction of the time needed to locate other employees, especially when they are off-site.

• Keep employees abreast of any important news when away on travel (conferences, meetings, presentations).

• Increased available productive time, as constant connectivity allows for activities to be performed anytime anyplace.

Are the CIOs in the case saying that ROI is not important when deploying mobile

computing devices? the estimated benefits obtained by the adoption of

these communication devices are large enough that outweigh cost considerations and thus displace formal ROI analyses and concerns.

This is what many have called “value” analysis which compares values to benefits as opposed to “cost” to benefits.

Blackberry popularity?

• Single and integrated device for voice and data communications

• Push technology – data is routed to the user rather than retrieved by the user

• Operates in several different networks and countries• It is possible to view email attachments• Design features: high-resolution color display, long battery

life, improved keyboard, etc.• Integrated connectivity applications (SMS, browser,

organizer)

Computer Computer SoftwareSoftware

Learning Objectives

1. Describe several important trends occurring in computer software.

2. Give examples of major types of application and system software.

3. Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.

4. Define and describe the functions of an operating system.

5. Describe the main uses of computer programming software, tools, and languages

Software

A single program or a collection of programs which performs many task and/or system related functions

Two types of software:– Application– System

Application Software

• Personal Information Manager

• Groupware

• Organizational

• Inter-organizational

Personal Information Manager and Groupware

• Personal Information Manager (PIM)– Software for end user productivity and collaboration– Store information about clients, schedules, manage

appointments, manage tasks– E.g., Lotus Organizer, Microsoft Outlook

• Groupware– Software that helps workgroups collaborate on group

assignments– E-mail, discussion groups, databases, videoconferencing– E.g., Lotus Notes, Novell GroupWise, Microsoft Exchange

Organizational & Inter-organizational

OrganizationalThey assist typical organazational tasks

– Payroll, TPS– ERP,CRM– Web-based management systems

Inter-organizationalThey provide links or cooperation between

organizations– B2B system– EDI, SCM

Overview of Computer SoftwareOverview of Computer Software

Application-Specific

Programs

SystemManagement

Programs

GeneralPurpose

ApplicationPrograms

SystemDevelopment

Programs

ApplicationSoftware

SystemSoftware

ComputerSoftware

Software development

• Custom software

– Software applications that are developed within an organization for use by that organization

• COTS software

– Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS)

• Classify based on how it was developed

– Software developed with the intention of selling the software in multiple copies

• Outsourced software

Software Development Selection

• Why would you choose ?– Custom (in source)– COTS (off-the-shelf)– outsourced?

General-PurposeGeneral-PurposeApplication ProgramsApplication Programs

Software Suites and Integrated Software Suites and Integrated PackagesPackages

Oracle E-Business SuiteOracle E-Business Suite

ProgramsProgramsMicrosoftMicrosoft

OfficeOfficeLotusLotus

SmartSuiteSmartSuite

CorelCorelWordPerfectWordPerfect

OfficeOffice

SunSunStar OfficeStar Office

WordWordProcessorProcessor

SpreadsheetSpreadsheet

PresentationPresentationGraphicsGraphics

DatabaseDatabaseManagerManager

Personal Info.Personal Info.ManagerManager

Word

Excel

PowerPoint

Access

Outlook

WordPro

1-2-3

Freelance

Approach

Organizer

WordPerfect

Quattro Pro

Presentations

Paradox

Corel Central

StarWriter

StarCalc

StarImpress

StarBase

StarSchedule

Electronic Spreadsheets and Presentation Graphics

• Electronic Spreadsheets– Worksheet of rows and columns

– Used for calculations and charts

– E.g., Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel, Corel QuattroPro

• Presentation Graphics– Convert numeric data into graphics displays

– Prepare multimedia presentations including graphics, photos, animation, and video clips

– E.g., Microsoft PowerPoint, Lotus Freelance, Corel Presentations

General-PurposeGeneral-PurposeApplication ProgramsApplication Programs

• Web Browsers• Electronic Mail and Instant

Messaging (IM)• Word Processing and Desktop

Publishing• Electronic Spreadsheets• Database Management• Presentation Graphics• Personal Information Managers • Groupware – Collaboration

Software

General-PurposeGeneral-PurposeApplication ProgramsApplication Programs

Application Service Providers Application Service Providers (ASPs)(ASPs)

System Software:System Software:Computer System ManagementComputer System Management

Software Interface Between End Users and Software Interface Between End Users and ComputersComputers

End UsersApplication Software

System Software

ComputerHardware

System Software

• Operating Systems

• Utility software

• Network Software

Operating SystemsOperating Systems

The User Interface• Command-Driven• Menu-Driven• Graphical User Interface

OS contain two parts

Supervisory– Stays in main memory

Transient– Can be swapped back and forth from secondary

memory

Operating SystemsOperating Systems

UserInterface

ResourceManagement

TaskManagement

FileManagement

Utilitiesand OtherFunctions

End User Systemsand Network

Communications

Managingthe Use ofHardwareResources

Managing theAccomplishment

Of Tasks –

ManagingData andProgram

Files

Providinga Variety of

SupportServices

Operating SystemsOperating SystemsResource Management

–Virtual MemoryFile ManagementTask Management

–Multitasking, –Multiprocessing–Multi-user programming

Popular Operating Systems

• Windows– GUI, multitasking, networking, multimedia– Microsoft’s operating system– Different versions manage servers

– Vista– Windows XP– Windows NT– Windows Server 2003 – Windows 2000

• Unix– Multitasking, multiuser, network-managing– Portable – can run on mainframes, midrange and PCs– Solaris by Sun– AIX by IBM

Popular Operating Systems

• Linux– Low-cost, powerful reliable Unix-like operating system– Open-source– Free

– Freeware– Novell SUSE Linux– Red Hat– VA Linux

• MAC OS X– Apple operating system for the iMac– GUI, multitasking, multimedia

Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages

Machine Languages

Assembler Languages

Use Binary Coded Instructions101010101011101111001100

110011100111010110101101111011

Use Symbolic Coded InstructionsLOD YLOD YADD ZADD ZSTR XSTR X

Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages

High-Level Languages

Fourth-Generation Languages

Use Brief Statements or ArithmeticBASIC: X = Y + ZX = Y + ZCOBOL: COMPUTE X = Y + ZCOMPUTE X = Y + Z

Use Natural and NonproceduralStatements

SUM THE FOLLOWING NUMBERSSUM THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS

Objects

What are objects?

Is a “complete” unit including data and procedures

Programming LanguagesProgramming LanguagesObject-Oriented Languages

Savings Account Object

Withdraw(amount)

CurrentCurrentAccountAccountBalanceBalance

DepositDeposit(amount)(amount)

Print Monthly

Statement

Get

Ow

ner

Cal

cula

teIn

tere

st

Get

Balance

Object-orientedProgramming Object-orientedProgramming LanguagesLanguages

Web Languages and ServicesHTMLXMLJAVA

– Platform Independence– Program Applets

JAVA2 Enterprise EditionMicrosoft .NET Software

Language Translator ProgramsTranslate instructions written in programming

languages into machine language

• Assembler– translates assembler language statements

• Compiler – translates high-level language statements

• Interpreter– compiler that translates and executes each

statement in a program one at a time

Errors (Bugs)

• Logical

• Syntax

• Execution

E-mail, Instant Messaging and Weblogs

• E-mail– Software to communicate by sending and receiving messages and

attachments via the Internet, intranet or extranet

• Instant messaging (IM)

– Receive electronic messages instantly

• Weblog or blog

– A personal website in dated log format

– Updated with new information about a subject or range of subjects

• Myspace

Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages

J2EE and .NET Compared

Program Development Process

• Determine Program specs– Work with users– I/O layout– Processing requirements

• Use Program Planning Tools– Analyze the problem using

• Flow Charts• Pseudo code• Structured charts• CASE tools

Programming Development Process

• Code and enter Program– Code program’s logic into programming language

• Compile the program– Test for errors (syntax, run execution)

• Test the program for correctness (GIGO)– Processing

– Robustness

• Documentation

FLOW CHARTS

• Symbolic representation of program’s logic

• Pre defined symbols are used to analyze program’s logic

Programming Logic

• Sequence

• Selection

• Looping (Iteration)

• Develop program logic of withdrawing cash from ATM machine

Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages

Web Services Applications

Client Application

Web Service is DeliveredBack to Client in XML

Web Service ComponentsCommunicate Via SOAP, an XML-Based Protocol forConnecting Applicationsand Data

Web Services is Translatedto XML, Which Acts as a Platform-Neutral Wrapper

Uses UDDI Web ServicesDirectory to Locate DesiredWeb Service

• Case 2/p128

Mini Case 1: Delta, Lufthansa etc..

Computer system technologies and functions that are included with self-service kiosks are

• Networked special purpose microcomputer terminals, which include video touch screens as the user interface, along with a built in

• High speed thermal printer for flight itineraries and boarding passes.

• A magnetic stripe card reader that is used to read customers airline and credit cards.

• Connected to credit companies and bank’s databases• Integrated with airline’s internal application system

Delta, Northwest cont

• Possible other technologies• Connect with federal databases for customer

identification• Speech recognition devices• Pen-based handwriting recognition features• Wireless links for travels with PDAs and Internet-

enabled cellular and PCS phones.• Image recognition.• Identification recognition (fingerprints etc.)

The customer value of self service kiosks for airline check-ins is:

• Customer More Control– Upgrades– Seat selection– Change flights/seat– Check baggage– Stand by

• Less people interaction – for the introverted/misanthropic the reduction in face-to-face interaction can sometimes be beneficial

• Time savings

• Convenience

• Family check-ins

• Pay by credit card any upgrade/change etc.

Possible other services

• Gate readers to update itineraries and boarding passes for connecting passengers whose second flight was changed or cancelled due to weather or other delays.

• International documentation, facilitation and fee collection.• Thump print recognition • Cancel reservations and be credited or debited automatically• For international flights provide foreign ATM connections• Provide initial or supplement security screening using retina scans and

marking boarding cards • Provide “alerts” on customer’s mobile for flight boarding (especially if they

are missing or sleeping)• Connect to hotels to allow hotel check ins • Connect to car rental agencies for car rental agreementsMore specialized

kiosks to allow travelers opportunity to handle future travel plans, adjustments as schedules change and other accommodations upon arrival at a destination.

• Automatic update mileage etc.

The business value of self service kiosks in the airline industry is the fact that• Importance of JAD (joint application Development), how

technical and business team can work together and complement each other and arrive at “solutions”

• A win-win situation for both customers and businesses• Creation of a whole “new” platform on which to provide

additional products/services that can provide strategic advantages

• Help the bottom line • Economy of scales---Strategic partnership with other

airlines for check-ins just like ORBITZ, TRAVELOCITY etc

• Enhance customer goodwill (satisfied customer)

Still a strategic advantage?

Maybe, not any more• Kiosk were competitive advantages when they started probably around 2002. Airlines

offered miles to customers to use kiosk but now they are a necessity. • Many airlines still can not afford it

However, Continuous improvements can still provide competitive advantage• Continuous improvement and streamlining of traveler check-in activities, especially after

Sept. 11, will always be provide advantage.

• A reduction of costs or a reduction in the increase in costs in a highly competitive industry will always provide advantage.

• Continuous enhancement of customer goodwill will always be strategic:– Online entertainment (casino, massage, card games etc..) may provide some advantage,

especially on international flights– Alter customer arrival to their home/business