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Under the guidance of

Mr L Jagadeesh Naik

Presented by

T venkatesh

08f31a04b8

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.Since 1970s wireless network become popular as it

A mobile adhoc network is a infrastructure less network allows us to communicate emergency search & rescue

operations.

There are currently 2 variations of mobile network Infrastructured network. Infrastructure less network .

It is one of the most vibrant & active new fields today is that of adhoc network

enables mobility.

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Definition:- An ad-hoc mobile network is a collection of mobilenodes that are dynamically and arbitrarily located in such amanner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on a continual basis.

MANETs are self-forming, self-maintained, and self-healing,allowing for extreme network flexibility

A MANET consists of mobile platforms (e.g., a router withmultiple hosts and wireless communications devices) knownas"nodes"--which are free to move about arbitrarily.

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It differs from traditional centralized wireless network as MANET has

No centralized control.

Nodes itself has to provide routing and MAC layerfunctions.

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Dynamic topologies.

Bandwidth-constrained, variable capacity links.

Energy-constrained operation.

Limited physical security.

IP-Layer Mobile Routing .

MANET Routing Protocol Performance Issues.

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The following is a list of quantitative metricsthat can be used to assess the performanceof any routing protocol.

End-to-end data throughput and delay.Route Acquisition Time.Efficiency .

Factors affecting efficiency of a protocol:Average number of data bits transmitted/data bitdelivered.Average number of control bits transmitted/data

bit delivered

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The following factors measure the performance of a protocol. Network size. Topological rate of change. Link capacity. Fraction of unidirectional links. Network connectivity. Traffic patterns. Mobility. Fraction and frequency of sleeping nodes.

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The desirable qualitative properties of MANET routingprotocols are given below.

Distributed operation. Loop-freedom. Demand-based operation. Security.

"Sleep" period operation. Unidirectional link support.

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Here Every mobile node in the network maintains a routingtable.

Table contains:-

All of the possible destinations within the network. The number of hops to each destination are recorded. Each entry is marked with a sequence number assigned

by the destination node.

Update table can be sent in 2 ways Full dump. Incremental update.

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The Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP) is a table-basedprotocol with the goal of maintaining routing informationamong all nodes in the network.

Each node in the network is responsible for maintainingfour tables:

Routing table. Link-cost table. Message retransmission list (MRL) table.

Distance table

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The protocol consists of two major phases: Route discovery and Route maintenance

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Fig (a) Foot creation (showing link direction assignment)

(b)Route maintance (showing link reversal phenomenon) in TORA.

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Fig-Route Maintenance for Source and Destination Movement

in ABR.

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SSR selects routes based on the signal strength between nodesand on a node's location stability.

This route selection criteria has the effect of choosing routesthat have stronger" connectivities.

SSR can be divided into two cooperative protocols: Dynamic Routing Protocol (DRP) and Static Routing Protocol (SRP).

The DRP is responsible for the maintenance of the Signal Stability Table (SST) and the RoutingTable (RT).

The SRP processes packets by looking up the destination inthe RT and then forwards the packet.

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wireless networks can be deployed in either infrastructure-basedmode or on an ad-hoc basis. Although work is being done andprototype protocols are available for experiments, mobile ad-hocnetworks still have difficulties. While some basic network control

functions and routing procedures have been developed, manyother issues require attention. Rapidly changing topology, network partitions, higher error rates, collision interference, bandwidthconstraints, and power limitations together pose new challengesin network control; especially in the design of higher levelProtocols for routing and in implementing applications withquality of service requirements.

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THANK U !!!