MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK

CONTENTS: Introduction.

History of MANET. Features or Advantages. Types of MANET. Routing protocols. Application of MANET. Limitations. Conclusion.

INTRODUCTIONWhat is Network?

A network is a set of devices.

Interact with others to exchange the information.

What is Wireless Network?

Connection between two nodes may goes via a access point.

Nodes are connected using Wireless data connection.

Node A Access point Node B

MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKWhat is Ad-hoc network?

A Mobile Ad-hoc network is a wireless ad-hoc network.

It’s an infrastructure less Wireless Network.

Each node is willing to forward data to other nodes.

HISTORY OF MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK

‘Ad-hoc’ Latin word means ‘for this’ or for this only.Mobile ad-hoc networks could be categorized into the first, second, and the third generation.First Generation (PRNET) (1972-1980):

Packet radio networks was the first ad-hoc network system.Use radio frequency technology to transmit and receive data.

Ad hoc networks were the PRNET  sponsored by DARPA.

Second Generation (SURAN) (1980-1990):

Known as Survival Adoptive Radio Network (SURAN).

Developed : Global mobile information Systems& Near term Digital Radio (NTDR)

Third Generation(1990-onwards):

Known as commercial ad-hoc network systems.

Bluetooth was first introduced in 1998.

Eight devices can communicate with each other in a small network.

Each node act as both host and a router.

Supports Multi-hop routing.

Nodes can join or leave the network anytime.

SOME FEATURES OF MANET:

among the nodes.The control and management operations are distributed.

• Used in Communication between vehicles and roadside equipment.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs)

• Used for Link mobile nodes and fixed Internet-gateway nodes.

Internet Based Mobile Ad hoc

Networks (iMANET)

• Used : Helps vehicles to behave in intelligent manners during accidents, drunken driving etc.

Vehicular ad hoc networks

(InVANETs)

TYPES OF MANET:

Routing protocolsAD-HOC MOBILE

ROUTING PROTOCOLS

ON-DEMAND-DRIVEN REACTIVE

CGSR

TABLE DRIVEN/ PROACTIVE

DSR

Clustering ProtocolCluster Gateway Switch Routing (CGSR)

Uses DSDV for intra-cluster routing.developed on the basis of Bellman–Ford routing

algorithm.

C3

M2

C2

C1

A—C---D---F

DSR Header packet

DSR is designed for MANET.DSR doesn’t need any network infrastructures .

Loop free routing.No routing information in the intermediate nodes.

Nodes may easily cache this routing information for future use.

DSR(Dynamic Source Routing)

APPLICATION OF MANET

Military Battlefield

• The modern digital battlefield demands robust and reliable communication.

• Needed by soldiers for relaying information

Sensor Networks

• Used to detect any number properties of an area.

• Capabilities of each sensors are very limited.

Disaster Area Network

• It is user for emergency rescue operations.

Personal Area Network

• Formed between various mobile devices mainly in an ad-hoc manner.

• PAN are formed between various mobile devices mainly in an ad-hoc manner.

LIMITATIONS:-

Bandwidth Constraints

Energy constraints

High Latency

Processing capability

Transmission Errors

Security

CONCLUSION:

I have presented a detailed performance comparison of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc wireless networks. Reactive protocols performed well in high mobility scenarios than proactive protocol. High mobility result in highly dynamic topology i.e. frequent route failures and changes. Both proactive protocols fail to respond fast enough to changing topology.

Security is one of the fundamental issues in mobile ad-hoc networks. I've highlighted different security requirements, along with a possible solution to secure transmission in these types of networks. The proposed security solution is one of several ways to protect data communication in mobile ad-hoc networks.

However, there's a solid need to deploy more efficient strategies to resolve various issues besides security in mobile ad-hoc networks.

Contact us

Sukanta RoyE-mail id: sukantaroy558@gmail.com

Subhankar Chakraborty

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