MOA-II microlensing exoplanet survey

MOA-II microlensing exoplanet survey

Takahiro Sumi

(Nagoya univ.) the MOA collaboration

Takahiro Sumi

(Nagoya univ.) the MOA collaboration

planetary microlensing planetary microlensing

Sensitivity of various methods

Sensitivity of various methods

•RVRV •transit transit •Direct imageDirect image•MicrolensingMicrolensing ：： not rely on flux from hostnot rely on flux from host

•small planet ：　 down to Earth•1-6 AU ： around snow line•Faint star :M-dwarf, brown dwarfFaint star :M-dwarf, brown dwarf•No host No host ：　：　 free floating free floating planetplanet•Far system:Far system: galactic galactic distributiondistributionCredit Bennett Credit Bennett

Sensitivity of microlensingSensitivity of microlensing

PLANETPLANET

FUNFUN

• Pointing each candidatePointing each candidate• High cadenceHigh cadence

MOAMOA(NewZealan(NewZealand)d)

OGLEOGLE(Chile),(Chile), ((no observation in no observation in

20092009))

Wide field Wide field Low cadenceLow cadence

MOAMOA(NewZealan(NewZealand)d)

OGLEOGLE(Chile),(Chile), ((no observation in no observation in

20092009))

Wide field Wide field Low cadenceLow cadence

Microlensing observation global networkMicrolensing observation global network

Survey GroupSurvey Group Follow-up GroupFollow-up GroupMicroMicrolensinglensingAlertAlert

AnomalyAnomaly AlertAlert

MOA (since 1995)

（ Microlensing Observation in Astrophysics ）（ New Zealand/Mt. John Observatory, Latitude ： 44S, Alt: 1029m ）

MOA (since 1995)

（ Microlensing Observation in Astrophysics ）（ New Zealand/Mt. John Observatory, Latitude ： 44S, Alt: 1029m ）

Mirror : 1.8mCCD : 80M pix. FOV : 2.2 deg.2

Mirror : 1.8mCCD : 80M pix. FOV : 2.2 deg.2

MOA (until ~1500) （ the world largest bird in NZ ）

MOA (until ~1500) （ the world largest bird in NZ ）

height:3.5height:3.5 ｍｍweight:240kgweight:240kgcan not flycan not flyExtinct 500 years Extinct 500 years

agoago

（（ MaoriMaori ate them) ate them)

height:3.5height:3.5 ｍｍweight:240kgweight:240kgcan not flycan not flyExtinct 500 years Extinct 500 years

agoago

（（ MaoriMaori ate them) ate them)

Observation by MOAObservation by MOA

•50 deg.2(20Mstars)

1obs./night.(>M1obs./night.(>MJupJup))

•1obs./95min.(Mjup)

1obs./47min. (Mnep)

1obs./15min. (M)

•50 deg.2(20Mstars)

1obs./night.(>M1obs./night.(>MJupJup))

•1obs./95min.(Mjup)

1obs./47min. (Mnep)

1obs./15min. (M)489489events(events(33planets) planets) (16/9/2009)(16/9/2009)

http://www.massey.ac.nz/~iabond/alert/alert.html

G.C.

Real-time Anomaly check at Mt.John

Real-time Anomaly check at Mt.John

The planet found on 11/9/2009

The planet found on 11/9/2009

anomalyanomaly

The first planet via microlensing OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53

The first planet via microlensing OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53

Mass ： ~3MJ, Sep. : ~4AUMass ： ~3MJ, Sep. : ~4AU

2nd Exoplanet Discovery by lensing2nd Exoplanet Discovery by lensing:OGLE 2005-BLG-71 (Udalski, et. al.2006Dong et al. 2008)

Data from OGLE, FUN,PLANET & MOA

•ML=0.46±0.04•DL=3.3±0.4kpc•Mp=3.5±0.3MJ

•Sep=3.6±0.2AU•VV~103km/s (HST)

Thick disk

The most massivePlanet at wide sep for M-dwarfChallenging to form in core-accretion model

5.5 Earth mass:OGLE-2005-BLG-5.5 Earth mass:OGLE-2005-BLG-

390390 5.5 Earth mass:OGLE-2005-BLG-5.5 Earth mass:OGLE-2005-BLG-

390390 Sep~3AUSep~3AU

The smallest PlanetThe smallest Planet ！！ (at that time)(at that time)

(Beaulieu et al. 2006, Nature,439,437)(Beaulieu et al. 2006, Nature,439,437)

•Proved microlensingis sensitive toSuper earth

snow lineHabitable zone ２５ multiple systemHost mass

Jupiter, Saturn

First case that both giant planets are outside of snow line

giant planets are supposed to form outside of snow line, butnot observed

OGLE-2006-BLG-109L

Jupiter/Saturn analog : OGLE-2006-BLG-109L

Jupiter/Saturn analog : OGLE-2006-BLG-109L

The smallest host starThe smallest host star ：： MOA 2007-MOA 2007-BLG-192BLG-192

The smallest host starThe smallest host star ：： MOA 2007-MOA 2007-BLG-192BLG-192

With planetNo planetMMhosthost=0.06 =0.06 (0.024-0.128) (0.024-0.128) MM

MMp p =3.3 =3.3 (1.0-17.8)(1.0-17.8)MMEarthEarth

MOAOGLE

VLT-NACO(AO) VLT-NACO(AO) imageimage

VLT-NACO(AO) VLT-NACO(AO) imageimage

Can be Can be determined determined by HST by HST 5 years later 5 years later

No flux No flux from from Lens Lens

Lens is faint:Lens is faint:Late M-dwarf Late M-dwarf or or brown dwarfbrown dwarf

Bennett et al. 2008

Summary of Planet candidates

Summary of Planet candidates

preliminary.Credit Bennett preliminary.Credit Bennett

Gould et al. 2006:“Cool Neptune” are common in K,M-dwarf ： ~40% (>16% at 90% confidence.)”

consistent with formation theory. (Ida & Lin, 2004)

GCSun

Galactic distribution

Galactic distribution

Density distribution

Distance

Ho

st m

ass

Few Planets in GB!?(be careful: there may be Observational bias)

Uniform in DL

>60% of lensing eventsare due to bulge lens

Free floating planetFree floating planet

•half planets rejected after 108yr

•Free floating

•Microlensing can find

Planet scattering Simulation by Veras et al. 2009

tE=1.2days ~1MJ

summarysummarysummarysummary 9 exoplanets (8system) via microlensing published9 exoplanets (8system) via microlensing published 3 3 exoplanets in preparation. exoplanets in preparation.

MOA is the only survey group in 2009 (MOA is the only survey group in 2009 (489489events so events so far)far)

3(+2) 3(+2) exoplanets candidates in 2009 so far.exoplanets candidates in 2009 so far. Unique planets: Unique planets:

The largest Giant planet at wide sep. around M-dwarf in Thick diskThe largest Giant planet at wide sep. around M-dwarf in Thick disk Jupiter/Saturn analogJupiter/Saturn analog Exoplanet around Brown dwarfExoplanet around Brown dwarf

””Cool NeptuneCool Neptune““ are common in K,M-dwarf are common in K,M-dwarf Evidence of few exoplanets in the bulge??Evidence of few exoplanets in the bulge??

Free floating planetsFree floating planets

Earth Mass planet soon!Earth Mass planet soon!

9 exoplanets (8system) via microlensing published9 exoplanets (8system) via microlensing published 3 3 exoplanets in preparation. exoplanets in preparation.

MOA is the only survey group in 2009 (MOA is the only survey group in 2009 (489489events so events so far)far)

3(+2) 3(+2) exoplanets candidates in 2009 so far.exoplanets candidates in 2009 so far. Unique planets: Unique planets:

The largest Giant planet at wide sep. around M-dwarf in Thick diskThe largest Giant planet at wide sep. around M-dwarf in Thick disk Jupiter/Saturn analogJupiter/Saturn analog Exoplanet around Brown dwarfExoplanet around Brown dwarf

””Cool NeptuneCool Neptune““ are common in K,M-dwarf are common in K,M-dwarf Evidence of few exoplanets in the bulge??Evidence of few exoplanets in the bulge??

Free floating planetsFree floating planets

Earth Mass planet soon!Earth Mass planet soon!

endend

OGLE-2007-BLG-368 (MOA-2007-BLG-308)OGLE-2007-BLG-368 (MOA-2007-BLG-308)

q=q=1x10^-4, sep=, sep= 0.9RE

Keck, AO, K-bandKeck, AO, K-band

OGLE, I-bandOGLE, I-band

D(kpc) ML(M) Mp Sep (AU)

OGLE-2003-BLG-235/MOA-2003-BLG-53

θE,Bayesian,flux limit

OGLE-2005-BLG-169

θE,Bayesian,flux limit

OGLE-2005-BLG-071

θE,Parallax,Astrometry.Thick disk. Most Massive planet in M-dwarf

OGLE-2005-BLG-390

θE,Bayesian

OGLE-2006-BLG-109

θE, Parallax

MOA-2007-BLG-192

θE,Parallax.VLT,Smallest host

MOA-2007-BLG-400

θE,Bayesian,flux limit

OGLE-2007-BLG-368

In preparation

OGLE-2007-BLG-349

In preparation

MOA-2007-BLG-197

In preparation

MOA-2008-BLG-310

If blend is lens

Planetary microlensingPlanetary microlensing

€

2.7−2.3+1.6

€

0.63−0.09+0.07

€

2.6−0.6+0.8MJ

€

4.3−0.8+2.5

€

13−7+6M⊕

€

0.49−0.29+0.23

€

2.7−2.3+1.6

€

5.8−0.7+0.6

€

3.3−0.4+0.4

€

0.46−0.04+0.04

€

3.5−0.3+0.3MJ

€

3.6−0.2+0.2

€

6.6−1.0+1.0

€

0.22−0.11+0.21

€

5.5−2.7+5.5M⊕

€

2.6−0.6+1.5

€

1.49−0.13+0.13

€

0.50−0.05+0.05

€

0.71−0.08+0.08MJ

€

0.27−0.03+0.03MJ

€

2.3−0.2+0.2

€

4.6−0.5+0.5

€

1.0−0.4+0.4

€

0.06−0.021+0.028

€

3.3−1.6+4.9M⊕

€

0.62−0.16+0.22

€

5.8−0.8+0.6

€

0.30−0.12+0.19

€

0.82−0.33+0.52MJ

€

0.72−0.16+0.38or6.5−1.2

+3.2

€

0.67−0.14+0.14

€

74−17+17M⊕

€

1.25−0.10+0.10

€

> 6(> 0.08M⊕)