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JessicaWeiser
AbouttheAuthorSandraKynesisanexplorerofCeltichistory,myth,andmagic,andamemberoftheBards,Ovates,andDruids.Hercuriosityhas
takenhertoliveinNewYorkCity,Europe,England,andNewEngland.Sandra’sinquisitivenesshasledhertoinvestigatetherootsofherbeliefsandtointegrateherspiritualpathwitheverydaylife.Shelikesdevelopingcreativewaystoexploretheworld,whichservesasthebasisforherbooks.Inadditiontowriting,SandraisayogainstructorandReiki
practitionerincoastalMaineandlovesconnectingwiththenaturalworldthroughgardening,hiking,andoceankayaking.Pleasevisitherwebsiteat
www.kynes.net.
LlewellynPublicationsWoodbury,Minnesota
CopyrightInformation
MixingEssentialOilsforMagic:AromaticAlchemyforPersonalBlends©2013bySandraKynes.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybeusedorreproducedinanymatterwhatsoever,includingInternetusage,withoutwrittenpermissionfromLlewellynPublications,exceptintheformofbriefquotationsembodiedincriticalarticlesandreviews.
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Inmemoryofmygrandmother,whosehouseandgardenswereamagical,aromaticwonderland
Contents
Introduction
SectionOne:BackgroundandBlendingCHAPTER1:ScentinHistoryandModernMagicCHAPTER2:GettingStartedCHAPTER3:BlendingbyBotanicalFamily
CHAPTER4:BlendingbyScentGroupCHAPTER5:BlendingbyPerfumeNoteCHAPTER6:AsAbove,SoBelowCHAPTER
7:CarrierOilsforMagic.
Summary
SectionTwo:OilProfilesCHAPTER8:EssentialOilProfilesCHAPTER9:CarrierOil
ProfilesAppendicesAppendixA:Cross-ReferencebyMagicalIntentAppendixB:Cross-
ReferencebytheElementsAppendixC:Cross-ReferencebyZodiacSignsAppendixD:Cross-ReferencebyPlanets/SolarSystemAppendixE:Cross-
ReferencebySabbatsGlossary
Bibliography
Introduction
AromaticAlchemyScentscanstimulate, inspire,andenchantus.Becauseoursenseofsmell issocloselylinkedwithmemoryandemotion,scentandthepowerofplacegohandinhand.ThemostvividmemoriesIhaveofearlychildhoodarelinkedwithmygrandmother’s house. It was a place of wonder, full of plants and big oldfurniture.MostofallIrememberthesmells.Withherpotpourris,gardens,andbig kitchen, Nanny’s house was a wonderland of fragrance, full of life andmagic.While my Nan was a Christian, her folkways with plants and midwifery
whispered of amore complex andmultifaceted set of beliefs.Of course, as achild I didn’t realize it, but I think her way of looking at, questioning, andexploringtheworldwastheseedofPaganismthattookrootinme.BythetimeIreached my early teens, I asked far too many questions for my parents andSunday school teachers to adequately answer.As a result, Iwas drawn to thenotionhintedatbymygrandmotherthatadifferentpowerexistedeverywhereinnature—wejusthadtoopenourselvestoit.Ihavebeenfortunatetomeetpeoplewhoseemedtoshowupattherighttime
tohelpmelearnaboutmagicandPaganism.Ihavepracticedritualwithseveralloose-knitcovensandledagroupataUnitarianchurch,whereaspartofthelayclergy I regularly conducted several annual Pagan-based Sunday services.Although I am amember of theOrder ofBards,Ovates andDruids and havedoneOBOD coursework, Imostly follow a solitary, eclectic path through theDruidicwoods.Iamaperpetualstudent.Ilovelearningandstudying,agreatdealofwhichI
doonmyown,alongwiththeoccasionalclassorworkshop.Thisholdstrueformyspiritualityaswellasmyotherinterests,andsometimesthetwooverlap,asis thecasewithessentialoils.Beingafragrancefreak,Iwasattractedtousingscentedoilstopreparemyaltarcandlesforritualsandmagic.Combiningsomeof the oils did not work as well as I had hoped so I went in search ofinformation. I found lots of recipes, and while these were fun for a while, IwantedtoknowmoreandtounderstandwhatIwasdoing.Thiscoincidedwithmyinterestinmakingpotpourri,whichalsoinvolvestheuseofessentialoils.I
jumpedat thechancetotakeaSaturday-afternoonpotpourriworkshopwhereIhopedtolearnmoreaboutmixingessentialoils.Unfortunately,mythirstforadeeperunderstandingwasnotsatisfied.Ienjoy
tinkeringandlearning,butIwashavingtroublemakingheadwaybeyonddoingwhatotherpeoplehaddone.Iwantedtounderstandwhycertainoilsworkwelltogetherandothersdonot.Iwantedtoknowhowtogoaboutmakingintelligentchoicesnotonlybecauseessentialoils canbeexpensive,but also formyownsatisfaction. I don’t onlywant to knowhow to do something; Iwant to knowwhywhatI’mdoingworks.Iwantedtolearnhowtochooseoilsforblending.Thatseemedsimpleenough,
but it became a quest that led to frustration. I found details about differentessential oils, lists of magical associations, and information on perfumerycategoriesandnotes,butIcouldnotfindasourcetohelpmeconnectthedots.Icouldn’t figure out what I wasmissing. There seemed to be such amystiquearoundblendingessentialoils,andIbegantothinkthatunlessIcouldcomeupwith the right “abracadabra,” Iwas doomed to be anoutsider. I kept dabblingandlongedtobeinitiatedintotheclub.I believe that the Goddess helps me to cross paths with certain people at
particulartimes,andthiswasanotheroneofthosetimes.AwomanIknewwaslookingforsubjectsonwhomshecouldpracticeasshewentthroughmassage-therapytraining.IwasanenthusiasticguineapigandasIgottoknowElizabeth,she sharedmore of her other studieswithme.As it turned out, shewas alsoworking on her certification in aromatherapy and was happy to become myguide.Shehelpedtofillinthegapsandgavemealotofencouragement.Iwasinheavenbecause I finallyhad agood foundation andunderstoodwhat Iwasdoing. Following in Elizabeth’s footsteps, I went through massage-therapytraining and employed oil blends inmy own practice.Unfortunately, due to awristinjury,mymassageworkwascutshort,butitdidn’tdampenmypursuitofoilblendingformagicwork.Mycuriosityalsoledmetoexplorethecarrieroils,whichwerefamiliarfrom
my massage work. As the name implies, they are generally regarded assomethingtoholdorcarrytheessentialoils.It isunfortunatethat theirpowersget ignored, because they too come from plants. I decided to investigate how
their properties might provide a boost to magical practices. For several yearsaftergettingstarted,Ispentatleastoneweekendafternoonexperimentingwithorstudyingessentialandcarrieroils.AlthoughIhavenotexperimentedwithallof theoils inthisbook,Ibasedmyselectionfor inclusionontheiravailability,popularity, and interesting backgrounds. At the beginning of my blendingexperienceIdidn’tkeepnotesaswellasIshouldhave,which iswhyIhighlyrecommend doing so. Hindsight is so helpful. As a result, I don’t know howmanyblendsI’veactuallycreated,perhapsacoupleofhundred.OnceIstartedtakingdetailednotes,Icorrelatedinformationabouttheoilswithmyothernoteson correspondences aswell as details found during research.This became thefoundationforthisbook.Likeanumberofthingsinmylife,there’sebbandflowbecausethereareso
many things that interest me. My experimentation with essential oils sloweddownonceIfoundacoregroupofblendsthatIreallyloved,butnowandthenIfeeltheneedforchange.Itwasduringoneofthoseflowtimeswhen,insteadoftakingoutallmybooks,ItookonlymynotesbecauseIusuallyreliedontheseforwhatIneeded.Thatsaid,Idon’tthinkofmyselfasanexpert.Iseemyselfasa Jane-of-many-trades, or perhaps a Renaissance woman with many interestsintowhich Idelve. I shyaway frombeing labeledanauthority—Isimply sawwhatwasmissing, brought together details, andmade connections that othershadoverlooked.Moreimportantlytome,becausescentscanaddamysticalandpowerful component to ritual andmagicwork, Iwanted to parlaywhat I hadlearned into a straightforward guide for otherswhose personal creativity is anintegralpartoftheirspiritualandmagicalpractices.Asoftenhappens,wereachapointwherewewantthingstobeuniquelyourown,which,ofcourse,iswhenrealmagicoccurs.WhiletosomepeopletheuseofessentialoilsmayseemmoreNewAgethan
Pagan, these oils come from plants, and down through the agesWitches andPaganshaveusedplantsformagicandritual.Ithinktheuseofessentialoilsisawaytoholdtraditionwhileextendingourpracticesandgivingthemnewdepth.AndsothisbookisintendedforthoseWiccansandPaganswhoenjoylearning,tinkering,andexpressingtheirindividuality,aswellasexploringtheplantworldinadifferentway.However,whileexperimentationisfun,thereisnoreasonthat
ithas tobeahit-or-missprospect.Justbecauseoilsmaysharecertainmagicalassociations, it does not mean that they will necessarily blend well together.While there are no strict rules for mixing oils, this book provides thefundamentalguidelinesofhowtomakean informeddecisionwhenplanningablendsoyoucanchoosemutuallyenhancingoils.I like referring to the blending of oils as aromatic alchemy because we
transformthepowerofplantaromasintomagicalmessengersforourpurposes.Althoughsmellisnotourmostacutesense,itcantriggerstrongmemoriesandemotions. It can transportusback to childhoodplaces (likemygrandmother’shouse)ortootherrealms.Throughthealchemyofscent,aromascanretrieveatotalexperienceoffeelings,imagery,andsounds.Essentialoilsprovideimmediateaccesstothisrichstorehouseofmemoryand
emotion,whicharethedeeperpartsoftheselfthatreachintothesoul.Perhapsit’snocoincidencethatthewordessencecanmeanboth“fragrance”or“soul.”Withessentialoilsweusetheveryessenceofplants—thecoreandspirit—thatmakes them valuable for magic work.We can boost the effectiveness of ourspells and rituals with this essence of life. Just as scent can trigger memory,usingspecificfragrancesforritualandmagichelpsustoreturntoacertainlevelofconsciousnesswherewecanpickupwhereweleftoff.Itcanhelpusbuildonourritualexperiencesanddeependivination,psychic,orshamanicwork.Essentialoilsarealsoknownasetherealoils,volatileoils,orsimplyessences.
They are called volatile because they are not stable substances and easilyevaporateatroomtemperature.ThewordvolatilecomesfromtheLatinvolare,meaning“tofly,”whichseemstoconnectthemwithspirit.Sinceancienttimes,scent in the formof incenseas altarofferingsprovidedaway to share earthlybeautywithdeities.Itwasawaytoconnecttheearthboundwiththeethereal,thephysicalwiththespiritual.Today the word alchemy usually conjures up the image of a medieval
practitionertoilingawaytryingtotransmutebasemetalsintovaluablegold.Andgranted,whenIsitinfrontofmyarrayofoilsandmixingparaphernaliaIadmittogigglingattheimageofmyselfsomewherebetweenwizardandmadscientist.However,ratherthanworkingwithmetals,theearlyartofalchemywasbasedonplants.Before thepracticeofalchemyinEuropegavewaytochemistry,many
practitioners were seeking medicinal elixirs, and in fact Swiss physician andalchemist Theophrastus von Hohenheim (1493–1541), who called himselfParacelsus,notedthatthequestofalchemywastomakemedicines,notgold.1
Althoughtheetymologyofthewordalchemyiscircuitousandperhapsmurky,onesuggestionisthatitcomesfromaGreekwordmeaningtopourormix.2 Inaddition,authorsRichardandIonaMillerpointedoutthatthemodernperfumer“followsthethreemainstagesofalchemicalwork:separation,purification,andrecombination.”3ThesewerealsothestepsthatParacelsususedinhispracticeofspagyrics,orherbalalchemy.ThewordspagyricscomesfromtheGreekverbsspaoandageiro,whichmean“todivide”and“tobringtogether,”respectively.4
InancientEgyptthepurposeofalchemywasfocusedmainlyonpreservingthephysical body (mummification for burial); however, in Asian and Islamictraditions, alchemy was focused on spiritual and inner transformations. Likescent,alchemyconnectedthephysicalwiththespiritual.Tosomepractitioners,alchemy remained a magical art aimed at finding a link between matter andspirit:essenceandquintaessentia(thefifthelement).IntheSanskrit language,life-forceenergyiscalledprana,whichalsomeans“breath.”InEnglishtheactofinhalingiscalledinspiration.ThewordsinspirationandspiritbothhavethesameLatinroot,spir,meaning“tobreathe.”5Thus,throughtheuseofessentialoilsinourmagicandrituals,weareinspiredandinspiritaswebreathelifeintowhatwewanttomanifest.Thisbringsusbacktofragranceandsoul.Asmentioned,oursenseofsmellis
intimatelylinkedtomemoryandemotion.Thisisbecausetheolfactorycortexofthebrainisanareacloselytiedtothelimbic(emotional-visceral)system.Thereare thousands of olfactory receptors in a small area at the top or roof of eachnasal cavity, and as we breathe in, air passes over these receptors andinformationiscarriedalonganerveintothebrain.Informationaboutfragranceisusheredintoourconsciousness,affectingitaswellasthesubconscious.While the ancientsmay not have understood themechanics of the olfactory
system, they understood how to work with it. The use of scent in ritual andreligiouspracticescutsacrosscultures,traditions,beliefs,andtime.Thepurposeof incense in theearliestof ritualswas tocommunicatewithdeitiesaswellasthe spirit world. Today, incense is still a part of many religious practices for
focusing themindandconnectingwithspirit,whichmorereadilyoccurswhentheelementsareinbalance.In a sense (no pun intended), plants bring us into elemental balance. Their
roots are in the soil (earth), growing skyward (air), nourished by rain (water),andasalchemiststhemselvestheytransformthesun’slight(fire)intotheenergyweneed.Finally, throughessentialoil theybringustheessenceoflife(spirit).Through the elements, they bring us into rhythm with the natural worldemphasizing our symbiotic relationshipwith the plant kingdom—they provideuswithoxygen,andweprovidethemwithcarbondioxide.Workingwithscentscanhelpusreachintoourpsyches,givingusclarityofpurposeandaccesstoourownpowerfulmagic.
Figure1:Plantsrelatetothefiveelements
Althoughmoreprevalentintheanimalworld,scentsalsofunctionasaformofcommunication.They help us communicatewith our deeper self by retrievingmemories as well as connectingwith our spirituality andwith our culture. Inaddition,wesendnonverbalmessageswiththeperfumesandcolognesweweartoattractloveinterestsortosendamessageaboutwhoweare.Anotherformofcommunicationrelatedtoscentisclairalience,theabilitytoconnectwithspiritworld throughfragrance.Spiritsmaketheirpresencesknownor their identitiesrecognizedthroughsmell.WhilethisisnotsomethingIhavetriedtodevelop,itoccasionallyoccurs.
Afewdaysafteroneofmyauntspassedbeyondtheveil,IwasstayinginherhouseandjustasIwasfallingasleeponenight,Iwasawakenedbythesoundofhervoice and the smell of roses.That scent hadnot been in the roomwhen Iwent to bed, nor could I find a source for it. Iwas a little shakenbut curiousabout the incident.Withall thatwasgoingat the time, I forgotabout ituntil Iarrivedbackhomeseveraldayslater.Aloneinmyapartment,IflickedontheTVfor company as I unpacked my suitcase. I was half-listening to the program,which happened to be about angels; however, when the interviewee said thatangelsmake themselves known through sudden floral scents, I stopped inmytracksandlistened.ThetypeofexperienceI'dhadwasexactlywhatthepersononTVwasdescribing.While I don’t know if my Aunt Mary had actually become an angel, I do
believe her spirit communicated with me that night. Since then I’ve come torealize that I have a guardian spirit whomakes himself known with a gentlesandalwood-likescent.HeseemstoshowupwhenIneedreassuranceaswellaswhenI’mengagedinspiritualactivities.Withthehelpofessentialoils,wecaninvitecommunicationwithspiritsaswellasenhancedivination,psychicwork,anddreamwork.
AlchemyInsteadofTherapyAsIpreviouslymentioned,Irefertotheblendingofoilsformagicandritualasaromaticalchemy. Ipurposelyavoid the termaromatherapybecause it impliesthatsomethingisbrokenandneedstobefixed.Wearenotprovidingtherapytoourmagic,rituals,ordivinationtherapywhenweuseessentialoils.Instead,weareusingthemtoaidusintransformingourpracticesandbreathinglifeintoourintentions.Asmentioned,essentialoilscarrytheessenceof life.Inanexperimentusing
Kirlian photography, a fresh-cut leaf and a strip of blotter paper with pureessential oil were photographed side by side. Both showed strong aurasindicating life-force energy remainswithin essential oils.6 Understandably, thesynthetic oils thatwere tested did not exhibit auras because they are not fromlivingorganisms.Although Ioriginallywanted to focus thisbookonpureessentialoils (those
createdthroughdistillation)andomitextractscreatedthroughotherprocesses,Irealized that this approach would be limiting. For example, jasmine has suchdelicate flowers that the distillation process does not work with them, but todisregardthispopularscentwithitsrangeofmagicalpotentialjustdidn’tseemright. Since I opened that door, I decided to also include the hydrosols(previously known as floralwaters) in the arsenal ofmagical scents presentedhere. I have not found research using Kirlian photography with these otherproducts, and I do not know if they produce auras as do pure essential oils.However, they do carry the vibrational energy of the plants fromwhich theywereproduced.AndsoIleaveittoeachindividualtodecidewhattoincludeinmagicalpractice and ritual.After all, thepurposeof thisbook is to encourageexploration and creativity in the realm of scent. Let your intuition andimaginationguideyouraromaticalchemyandshapeyourmagic.Asnoted,therearenohardandfastrulesforcreatingessential-oilblends,but
therearebasicguidelinesforchoosingoilsthatwillhaveamutuallyenhancingeffect when combined. With a fundamental understanding of the variousmethods,wewillseehowtoincorporateamagicalapproachsoyoucancreatepowerful,synergisticcombinations.
Thisbookisdividedintotwosections,alongwithappendices.InSectionOne,wewillexplorethehistoricalbackgroundofoilsandtheirpresent-daymagicaluses. We will get to the nitty-gritty and learn about the different aromaticextracts, the processes used to create them, and the equipment needed to getstarted with blending. This is followed by three standard methods ofchoosing/mixing oils: by botanical family, scent group, and perfume note.Another chapter is devoted towhat I call the “AsAbove,SoBelow”method,whichIcreated.Andaspreviouslymentioned,wewillalsogivethecarrieroilstheirdueandexplorehowyoucanincorporatetheirmagicalpropertiesintoyourblends.Althoughthisisnotarecipebook,Iwillbesharingonerecipeattheendofeachchaptertoillustratehowoilsworktogetherchemicallyandmagically.Section Two contains an encyclopedic listing of essential and carrier oil
profiles with information on the plants they came from, their historical use,detailsabouttheoil,and,ofcourse,theirmagicaluses.Intheappendicesyou’llfindcross-referencesthatmakeiteasyforyoutofindwhatyouneed.Andnow,let’sbeginourjourneyintoaromaticalchemy.
[contents]
1.Sonnedecker,HistoryofPharmacy,40.2.Franklyn,SurveyoftheOccult,14.3.MillerandMiller,TheMagicalandRitualUseofPerfumes,11.4.Greer,EncyclopediaoftheOccult,445.5.Ibid.6.Aftel,EssenceandAlchemy,49.
CHAPTER1
ScentinHistoryandModernMagic
HistoricalBackgroundThehistoryofessentialoils is intertwinedwith thehistoryofherbalmedicine,whichinturnhasbeenanintegralpartofmagicalpractices.Herbalmedicinehasbeen used for more than treating minor ailments and disease; it has beeninstrumental in providing life-enhancing benefits. In most ancient cultures,peoplebelievedplantstobemagical,andforthousandsofyearsherbswereusedasmuch for ritual as theywere formedicine and food.According tomedicalherbalist and healerAndrewChevallier, the presence of herbs in burial tombsatteststotheirpowersbeyondmedicine.Inaddition,fourth-centuryBCEGreekphilosopherAristotlenotedhisbeliefthatplantshadpsyches.7
Aromaticplantsintheformofoilandincensewereelementsofreligiousandtherapeutic practices in early culturesworldwide. In addition, anointmentwithperfumesandfragrantoilswasanalmostuniversalpractice.Burningincenseinrituals provided a connection between the physical and spiritual—between themundaneandthedivine.ThewordperfumecomesfromtheLatinper,meaning“through,” and fume,meaning “smoke.”8 It was a common belief that contactwiththedivinecouldbeachievedthroughthesmokeofincense.TheancientEgyptiansbelieved thatdeitieswereembodied in thesmokeand
fragrance of temple incense. In addition, aromatics were used to deepenmeditationandpurify thespiritaswellas toaddsubtlety to theirsophisticatedsystemofmagic.Dating toapproximately1500BCE, theEberspapyrus is theoldest written record of Egyptian use of medicinal plants. Along with thephysicaldetailsofplants,themanuscriptcontainsrelatedspellsandincantations.Italsomentionsfineoilsforperfumeryandincense.Madefromhealingherbs,many of the perfumed oils doubled as medicines. Likewise, Egyptian priestsoftendoubledasphysiciansandperfumers.Thosewhospecializedinembalmingthedeadalsousedtheirexpertiseforthelivingbycreatingmixturestobeautifyskinandprotectitfromtheharsh,damagingdesertclimate.Alwaysavaluablecommodity,frankincensewasconsideredtheperfumeofthe
gods and was used in temple rites as well as a base for perfumes. Becauseperfumedoilswerehighlyprized, theuseof themremained in theprovinceofroyalty and the upper classes. These oils were often kept in exquisite bottlesmadeofalabaster,jade,andotherpreciousmaterialsthatwerefunctionalaswell
as beautiful. Some of these flasks retained scent until they were opened byarchaeologiststhousandsofyearsafterbeingsealed.WhentheHebrewsleftEgyptaround1240BCE,theytooktheknowledgeand
practiceofperfumerywiththemtoIsrael.Theirtemplescontainedtwotypesofaltars, one forburntofferings and theother for incense.TheBabylonians alsoemployed the use of aromatic plants and became a major supplier of plantmaterials to other countries. Both the Babylonians and Sumerians prizedcedarwood,cypress,myrtle,andpinefortheirdeities.TheAssyrianswerefondofaromaticsforreligiousritualsaswellaspersonaluse,andtheMesopotamiansusedceremoniesandspecialincantationswhengatheringherbs.InthethirteenthcenturyBCE, theMycenaeansusedscentedoils tohonordeitiesaswellasforgravegoods.Throughouttheancientworld,informationflowedfromoneculturetoanother,andbythesecondcenturyBCEtherewasathrivingtradeinherbs,spices,andoilsamongEurope,theMiddleEast,India,andAsia.Some of the earliest writings from India, known as the Vedas (circa 1500
BCE), contain praises to the natural world along with information aboutaromatics including cinnamon, coriander, ginger, myrrh, sandalwood, andspikenard.Workingwithherbswas,andstillistoacertaindegree,consideredasacredtaskinIndia.ThiseventuallyevolvedintoAyurvedicmedicine,whichisbelieved to be the oldest system of healing. Its name comes from the sacredSanskritlanguage,withayurmeaning“life”andveda,“knowledge.”9WrittenbythephysicianCharakain700BCE,theCharakaSamhitadetailsapproximately350plantsandisstillwidelyconsultedtoday.Inadditiontohealing,oilsplayanimportant role in the religious rites of India. Anointingwith perfumed oils isusedtopurgeworshippersofspiritual impurities.Inpreparationforthefuneralpyre, bodies are cleansed with sandalwood and turmeric. Although the tenth-centuryMiddle Eastern physicianAvicenna (980–1037) is often creditedwithdiscovering the distillation process, archaeological evidence from the IndusValley in northern India indicates that distilling aromatic plants into oils wasachievedtherearound3000BCE.10
Herbs are also integral to traditional Chinese medicine, which dates toapproximately200BCEinatextcalledtheYellowEmperor’sClassicofInternalMedicine.ThissystemofhealingisseparatefromChinesefolkmedicine,which
includedtheuseofaromaticsinreligiousrituals.Herbswerealsoimportantformaintainingbeautyandhygiene.Chineseherbalists influenced thepracticesofJapan and Korea, as fifth-century Buddhist monks transported spiritual andmedicinal information with them on their travels. There was also movementwestwardasPhoenicianmerchantstradedscentedoilsaroundtheMediterraneanregion,bringingaromatictreasuresfromtheEasttoEurope—mostnotablytotheGreeksandRomans.GreekhistorianHerodotus(circa484–425BCE)andPythagoreanphilosopher
Democrates(borncirca460BCE)visitedEgyptandthendistributedthewisdomofperfumerytheyfoundtheretoawiderworld.AsthepopularityofperfumesincreasedamongtheGreeks,themedicinalpropertiesofherbsandoilsbecamecommon knowledge. Unlike Egyptians, Greeks at all levels of society usedperfumed oils. TheGreeks used aromatics to honor deities at feasts and usedperfumed oils on themselves to please the gods because they believed thatanything extracted from plants held spiritual qualities. Greek physician andbotanist Pedanius Dioscorides (circa 40–90 CE) compiled the first herbalmanuscript inEurope,DeMateriaMedica,which served as amajor referencewellintotheseventeenthcentury.TheancientRomanscarriedontheGreekuseof botanicals formedicinal and perfumery purposes. In addition, they scentedtheirentiresurroundings,fromtheirbodies,clothes,andhomestopublicbathsandfountains.Elsewhere in theworld, the aboriginalpeopleofAustralia closely integrated
theirculturewiththeirmedicineanddevelopedasophisticatedunderstandingofnativeplants.Theireucalyptusandtea-treeremediesarenowusedworldwide.InSouth and Central America the ancient Maya, Inca, and Aztec had herbaltraditionsthatwereintertwinedwithreligiousrites.SomeofthepracticesfromtheAztec,Mayan, and Spanish cultures evolved intomodernMexican herbalmedicine.NorthoftheRioGrande,plantswerealsoemployedforbothhealingand ritual by Native American peoples. European settlers in the NewWorldadapted some of these herbal practices into theirs, andAfrican slaves broughttheirherbalandreligioustraditions,addingtothemélange.TheinfluenceoftheYoruba from West Africa created a rich Afro-Caribbean culture and herbalmedicinethatstillmaintainsaseparateidentity.
AfterthefalloftheRomanEmpire,theuseofperfumerywanedasEuropewasplunged backwards into the Dark Ages. To escape the upheaval, manyphysicians and other learned people relocated to Constantinople (Istanbul,Turkey, today), and along with them went a storehouse of knowledge. AsEuropean civilization foundered, the works of Hippocrates, Dioscorides, andothers were translated and widely distributed in the Middle East.Experimentationwithplantscontinuedandthetenth-centuryphysicianAvicennaextractedplantessence,producingotto(orattar),theoilofflowers—inthiscaseroses. As European culture slowly recovered, the practice of perfumery wasspreadbytheMoorsfromtheMiddleEastintoSpain,whereitbecamepopular.AftertheCrusades,theperfumesofArabiawereingreatdemandthroughouttheContinent, and by the thirteenth century a booming trade between theMiddleEastandEuropehadbeenestablishedonceagain.By the mid-sixteenth century, perfumery had made a strong comeback in
Europe.InFrancefragrancewasusedasinancientRome:ontheperson,inthehome, and in public fountains. Experimenting with local plants, Europeansbegan distilling lavender, rosemary, and sage oils. While essential-oil blendswerepopularformaskingbodyodor, theywerealsousedmedicinally.Juniper,laurel,andpinewerewidelyusedforcombatingillness,includingtheplague.InEngland, physician and master herbalist Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654)publishedhisgreatherbaltreatiseTheEnglishPhysitian.AneditionofthisbookwasthefirstherbalpublishedintheAmericancoloniesin1700.Foratimetheuseofherbsandperfumerywerestifledwithadoublewhammy:
universitiesandtheemergingmedicalestablishmentfoughttotakeherbsoutofthehandsof theso-calleduneducated,and theChristianchurchsteeredpeopleawayfrompersonaladornmentintheirbidtoholdpoweroverpeople’slives.Asaresult,theuseofaromatics,evenpossessingoilsandunguents,becameawayto identify Witches, and culture again took a backward step. Under GreatBritain’s King George III, who ruled from 1760 to 1820, a woman’s use ofscents or potionswas equatedwith seduction and betrayal, andwasmetwith“thesamepenaltiesinforceagainstWitchcraft.”11
Eventually, herbal practices and perfumery made a comeback as attitudesshifted,butbythemid-nineteenthcentury,essentialoilswerebeingreplacedby
chemicals in medicine. By the twentieth century, perfumes and cosmeticscontainedmostlysyntheticfragrance,whichwascheaperandeasiertoproduce.Ironically, a French chemist, René-Maurice Gattefossé, was responsible forresurrectingtheuseofessentialoilsduringthe1920s.Afterburninghishandinhis laboratory, he grabbed the nearest bottle of liquid,which turned out to belavender oil. Intrigued by the rapid healing effect of the oil, he devoted theremainder of his career to studying essential oils and named his discoveryaromatherapy.
ModernMagicalUsesofEssentialOilsJust like theplants fromwhich theycome,essentialoilshaveawide rangeofapplicationsforritualandmagicwork.Beforegetting intohowtoblend them,let’slookatthewaysessentialoilscanbeusedinPaganandWiccanpractices.First, however, before using a blend, I like to charge it energeticallywithmyintention.Standinginfrontofmyaltarwithmyhandscuppedaroundthebottleandmy eyes closed, I think aboutwhat Iwant to accomplish and visualize itcomingtofruition.Ithensaysomethinglikethis:
Bywater,earth,air,andfire,maythisblendbringmydesire.Bynorth,south,east,andwest,maymypurposebyyoubeblessed.Poweroftheseplantsworkforme,somotethisvisioncometobe.
Asthesewordsaregeneral innature,other timesI like to includesomethingspecific about the purpose of the blend. Sometimes when I make blends forgeneral ritual applications, I like to charge them by chantingwhile I stand infront ofmy altar and allowmy energy to flow frommy heart center into thebottle of oil. When charging a “grounding” blend that I use after rituals, Ivisualizemyenergyflowingintothebottleofoilandbacktome,andthendowntoMotherEarth.NomatterwhatmethodIusetoimpartmyenergyandintentiontotheoil,Ileavethebottleonmyaltarforatleastadaytoabsorbtheenergyofmyritualspace.Essentialoilsarepopularforblessingsandconsecrations,butbecausetheycan
damage varnish, paint, plastic, and other surfaces, it is important to use themwelldiluted,especiallyonaltars,magicaltools,anddivinationobjects.Sincemy
altarisawoodentable,Idabtheoilunderneaththetabletopandvisualizeplantenergy giving it magical support. In addition, you might consider creatingspecialblendsforsabbatsorfullmoonsandincludeaconsecrationwiththemaspartofyouraltarpreparation.Ifyoudouseoilonobjects,theonesthatyouholdfor any length of time during ritual will release fragrance as your body heatactivatesthescent.Asanalternativetoputtingoildirectlyonmagicordivinationtools,tryafew
drops of your blend on a small cotton ball and place itwhere you store theseitems. Thiswill allow them to slowly absorb the vibrational energy of the oilwithout causingdamage.The samecanbedone for spellwork itemsonwhichyoudonotwanttoputoil.Also,inthelead-uptoactuallydoingaspell,useacottonballwithyourspecialoilblendandstoreitwiththethingsyouwillusefor the spell. This will give them time to steep in the scent as well as yourintention.Ifbathingbeforeritualormagicworkispartofyourpractice,addingessential
oiltothewaterisagoodwaytoamplifypurificationaswellasinitiateintention.However,youwillneedtodiluteessentialoilswithacarrieroilbeforeaddingittoyourbathbecauseoilscanirritate theskinandmucusmembranes.Essentialoilsarenotwater-soluble,and theywill floaton thewater rather thandispersethroughout it.A2%to3%dilution ratiowithacarrieroilworkswell forbathapplications.Inplaceofacarrieroil,considermixingyouressentialoilsinmilk.Thefatty
lipids inmilk act the same as carriers because essential oils are lipid-soluble,whichmeanstheydissolveinoil.Besuretomixyourcombinationofmilkandessential oilwell before adding it to thewater. In addition, themilk bathwassaidtohavebeenabeautysecretoffirst-centuryBCEqueenofEgyptCleopatra.Modernresearchcorroboratesitseffectiveness.Becauseofmilk’shighlevelsoflacticacid,deadskincellsareremoved,leavingbehindawonderfulcomplexion—allover.Becausehydrosolsarewater-basedandcanbeaddeddirectlytowater,theyare
analternative tousingessentialoils in thebath.Aswithaltarpreparation,youmightconsiderasabbat,fullmoon,orotherspecialblendofoilsorhydrosolsforyourbath,too.Wewillgointodilutionratiosandhydrosolsinthenextchapter.
Scentinganareabeforeandduring ritual,magic,orpsychicwork is anotherwaytoharnessthevibrationalenergyofessentialoils.Thisiseasilydonewithadiffuser. While electronic diffusers, nebulizers, and all sorts of gadgets areavailableinarangeofsizesandprices, thelow-techtealightcandlelampdoesthejobnicely.Besides,candlesenhancetheambianceofritualandcraftwork.Inadditiontooils,hydrosolscanbeusedtoscentanareausingaspraybottleandmistingtheair.Thefragrancedoesn’tlastaslongasoilinadiffuser;however,itis a simple, quickway to purify and consecrate an area, especially if you aredoingritualinapublicplace.TakingacuefromtheancientEgyptians’useofincense,Iliketouseoilblends
as an altar offering. I have done this as part of ritual as well as other timessimplytohonoradeity.AsanofferingvesselIuseasmallporcelainsaltcellarthathasbeeninmyfamilyforabout100years.It’saflat-bottomedbowlthat’saboutaninchandahalfindiameter.IplacejustafewdropsofoilinthebowlasIchantorreciteanincantationtoannounceitspurpose.Anofferingofthistypecanprecedemagic,divination,orpsychicworktovibrationallysmooththeway.Anotheruseofessential-oilblendsisforanointingoneselfand/orothers.Since
anointing oil ismost likely placed on the forehead or scalp, it is important tocheck with anointees first to avoid sensitivity issues. Also, review the safetyguidelinesandindividualwarningsinthisbookaswellasinformationfromyouroilsupplier.Whenyoucreateablendforanointing,besuretouseadilutionratioof1%or1.5%atmost,which isnormallyusedforfacials.Oilblendsusedonother parts of the body can range from1% to 3% ratios.Any blends used onchildrenshouldnotexceeda1%dilution.Withyourchildreninmind,considercreating a special scent that could include protective or general well-beingintentions.OnewayofusingessentialoilsthathasbeenfairlycommonforWiccansand
Pagansistoconsecratecandlesforritualorspecificspells.Ifyouhaven’tdonethis before, simply place a small amount of oil on your fingertip, or a cottonswab if it’s anoilyoudon’twant tohandle.Drawa line from thebaseof thecandle to the top on four sides (think cardinal directions) to direct yourintentionsoutward.Ifacandleisforbanishingorgroundingpurposes,gofromtoptobottom.Alternatively,youcandrawaspiralupordownthecandleorjust
create several circles around it. Instead of carving names, runes, numbers,Oghams,orothersymbolsintocandlesformagicwork,drawtheminoil.Oils are often used to consecrate gemstones and crystals. This will actually
boost the vibrational energy of the stone and the oil. A tiny dab is all that isneeded.Avoidbathingthestoneinoil,asthismaysubduefeaturessuchasanyopticalphenomena.Aswithmyaltar,Iliketodabtheoilonthebottomofthestonetosettheintentionthatmyblendisprovidingsupport.Speaking of vibrational energies,wearing a fragrant blend as ritual perfume
worksnicelywhendabbedonpressurepoints suchas thewrists, ankles,neck,and behind the knees. Be sure to use amild blend that doesn’t exceed a 3%dilution ratio. Ritual perfume could be the same that you use in a diffuser orsomethingdifferentthatwouldcomplementtheotherblend.Ifyouareamemberof a coven, youmight consider creating a ritual blend for the group.Using aparticularscentwillaidinbringingeveryonetogetherintoaritualmindset.Youcouldalsocreateasignatureblendforyourcoven towearat festivalsorotherlargegatherings.Onanintimatelevel,youcouldcreateapassionblendforaspecialmassageoil
forusewithyour lover. Inaddition,abinding lovemix isawaytocarryyourhandfastingceremonyintoyourweddingnight.A2%or2½%dilutionrationistypicalforafull-bodymassage.In addition to the sacred and special use of oil blends is their use formore
mundanepurposes.Notonlycantheyaidinmagicalhousecleaning,butsomeoilssuchaslavender,lemon,andteatreearealsoperfectbecausetheyactuallyhelptodisinfect.Ihavealsousedessential-oilblendsbeforemovingintoanewhouse inorder toclear the spaceenergeticallyaswell as tobless it.For this Ipreferusingatealightcandlediffuserbecausetheflameboostsmyintentionofpurificationandnewbeginnings.Aftergivingtheoilafewminutestowarmup,Iwalkthroughouttheentirehousesayingsomethinglike:
Blessthosewhohavelivedherebeforeme;Anywholingerarenowsetfree.
Maywisdomandlovefillthisspace;IcallontheLordandLady’sgrace.
Specialmixes canbeused as houseblessings for sabbats or other importanttimes.Protectiveblendscanbedabbedoverthedoorwaysoranywhereyoufeelthe need for it or any type of household energy boost.And, of course, forgetabout the air fresheners on themarket.Makeyourown,whichwill keepyourhouseclearaswellasmagical.
SampleBlendAsnotedinthisbook’sintroduction,Iwillbesharingafewofmyownblends.EarlierinthischapterImentionedmygroundingblendthatIuseafterritualsorwheneverIneedhelpbringingmyenergybacktoamundanelevel.Icreatedthisusingthesingle-scentgroupmethodofselectingoils,whichwillbecoveredinchapter 4. This blend uses three oils from the woody scent group: patchouli,cypress,andvetiver.Cypressandpatchouliarebothassociatedwithgroundingand vetiver with balance. All three oils are associated with protection, whichaddsasenseofsecurityforme.
GroundingBlendPatchouli:20dropsCypress:15dropsVetiver:5drops
Formostmagicalapplications,youressential-oilblendscanbeusedinplaceofactualherbs(exceptforeatingthem)inspells,charms,andasamulets.Themoreyou enjoy blending the oils, themore uses youwill find for them.Now, let’slearnabouttheoilsandthebasicstepsforcreatingablend.
[contents]
7.Chevallier,EncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,16.8.Wilson,Aromatherapy,11.9.Chevallier,EncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,34.10.Lawless,EncyclopediaofEssentialOils,18.11.Sell,TheChemistryofFragrances,16.
CHAPTER2
GettingStarted
AboutEssentialOilsandTheirExtractionProcessesEssentialoilsholdthelifeforceandvibrationalenergyoftheplantsfromwhichthey came. As alchemists themselves, plants transform sunlight for manypurposes,oneofwhich is tomakeessentialoils.12Theseoilsareproduced forvarious functions such as aiding growth, attracting insects for pollination, andprotectingagainstfungiorbacteria.Mostplantsproduceessentialoils insmallquantities,but it is theplantscommonlycalled“aromatics” thatcreateenoughfor us to harvest and enjoy. Essential oils are obtained from various parts ofplants,anddependingon theplant, itmayproduceseparateoils fromdifferentparts.Forexample,cinnamonyieldsoilfrombothitsleavesandbark.Essentialoilscanbeobtainedfrom:•leaves,stems,twigs•flowers,flowerbuds•fruitorthepeel•wood,bark•resin,oleoresin,gum•roots,rhizomes,bulbs•seeds,kernels,nuts
Most of us have an idea of what an essential oil is, but the term is oftenmistakenly applied to a broad range of aromatic products from almost anynaturalsource.Keyaspectstoessentialoilsarethattheydissolveinalcoholoroilbutnotinwater,andtheyevaporateifexposedtotheair.Mostessentialoilsareliquid,butsome,suchasroseoil,maybecomeasemi-soliddependingonthetemperature.Other oils are solids.However, the defining factor is themethodusedtoextracttheoilfromplantmaterial.Essentialoils,alsocalledvolatileoils,are obtained through the processes of distillation and expression. Aromaticextracts are obtained by solvent extraction. The products created by solvent
extractioncontainbothvolatileandnon-volatilecomponents.Let’stakeacloserlookattheseprocessesandtheproductsproducedfromthem:
Figure2.1Methodsofextraction
The oldest and easiestmethod of oil extraction is called expression orcold-pressing.Cold-pressedmaybeafamiliartermforthosewhoenjoycookingwitholiveoil.Foressentialoils,thisextractionprocessworksonlywithcitrusfruitsbecause they hold high quantities of oil near the surface of their rinds.Dependingontheplant,thewholefruitorjustthepeeliscrushed,andthenthevolatile oil is separated outwith a centrifuge.This simplemechanicalmethoddoes not require heat or chemicals. Just a point to keep inmind: if the plantswerenotorganicallygrown,theremaybeachancethatthefruitwassprayedandanypesticideresiduethatremainedonitmayresultintraceamountsintheoil.Themostprevalentprocessforextractingessentialoilsisthroughdistillation,
whichcanbeaccomplishedusingsteamorwater.Inthedistillationprocess,thevolatileandwater-insolublepartsofplantsareseparated,allowingtheessentialoiltobecollected.Sometimesproductsaredistilledasecondtimetopurifytheoilfurtherandriditofanynon-volatilematerialthatmayhavebeenleftbehindthefirsttime.
Figure2.2Thedistillationprocessusingsteam
Whensteamisusedinthedistillationprocessasillustratedinfigure2.2,itispumped into a vessel from underneath the plant material. Heat and pressurewithinthevesselproducedbythesteamcausetheplantmaterialtobreakdownandreleaseitsvolatileoil.Theoilbecomesvaporizedandistransportedwiththesteamthroughthestillintothecondenserwheretheyarecooled.Thisreturnstheoilandwater to their liquidstates.Dependingon thedensityof theoil, itwilleitherfloattothetoporsinktothebottomofthewater.Eitherway,itiseasilyseparatedout.Differentplantsaswellasvariouspartsofplantsrequiredifferentamountsoftimeandtemperaturesforthisprocess.Hydro-diffusion is a slightlydifferent formof steamdistillation inwhich the
steamisforcedintothevesselfromaboveratherthanbelowtheplantmaterial.The advantages are that it takes less steam and generally a shorter amount oftime for thisprocess. In addition, someperfumersbelieve that hydro-diffusionproducesaricheraromathanthestandardsteamdistillation.Inwaterdistillation,plantmaterialiscompletelyimmersedinhotwater.This
process uses less pressure and slightly lower temperatures than steamdistillation.Nevertheless,someplants,suchasclarysageandlavender, tendtobreakdowninthisprocess.Ontheotherhand,becauseneroli(orangeblossom)issensitivetohightemperatures,waterdistillationworkswell.After the essential oil is separated from the water in these distillation
processes, the water itself is an aromatic byproduct called a hydrosol.Traditionally these have been called floralwaters (i.e., rosewater) and contain
the water-soluble molecules of aromatic plants. Hydrosols are also calledhydroflorates and hydrolats. The latter name ultimately comes from the Latinlac,meaning “milk.” Itwas so namedbecause floralwaters appear somewhatcloudy ormilky just after they are separated from the essential oil. Althoughthey are chemically different from their corresponding essential oils, thefragrance is similar.However, because hydrosols arewater-based, they do notmix well with oils. Also note that hydrosols should not be used in place offlower-essence remedies as they are not prepared under the same conditionsrequiredforconsumableproducts.The term flower essences may cause some confusion because they are not
fragrantand theyarenotessentialoils.Theyare infusionsof flowers inwater,which is thenmixed in a 50% brandy solution.Whereas the brandy acts as apreservativeforfloweressences,hydrosols,beingmostlywater,cangobad.The heat employed in steam andwater distillation can cause changes to the
plantmaterialandtheresultingoil.Sometimes,thiscanbeagoodthing,butinother circumstances, not so much. For example, heat converts the chemicalmatricin in German chamomile to chamazulene, which gives the oil its bluecolor. Medicinally, this is considered advantageous because the chamazulenemakes the oil useful for anti-inflammatory treatments. On the other hand,jasmineflowersaresodelicatethatheatorwaterdestroysthevolatileoil.To avoid the negative effects that heat or water have on some plants, the
solvent extraction process is used to obtain essential oil. Chemicals such asbutane,hexane,ethanol,methanol,orpetroleumetherareusedinthisprocesstorinse the volatile oil from the plant. This rinsing produces a semi-solid,waxyproduct called a concrete, which, in addition to the volatile oil, contains theplant’swaxesand fattyacids. In thecaseof jasmine, theconcrete is50%waxand 50%volatile oil.An advantage of a concrete is that it ismore stable andconcentratedthananessentialoil.Furtherrinsingwithalcoholorethanol,orafreezingprocessisusedtoremove
thesolventsandwaxes.Thisstepproducesasubstancecalledanabsolute.Whilethese substances areusuallyviscous liquids, theycanbe solidsor semi-solids.Absolutes arehighly concentratedandhavea stronger, richer fragrance that isoftenmoreliketheplantitselfthantheessentialoil,whichmakesthemattractive
for perfumery. The solvent extraction method produces a greater yield thandistillation and is useful on plants that generally have low quantities of oil.Absolutes and concretes are sometimes distilled to produce an essential oil.Aproblemwith absolutes and concretes is that they contain impurities: tracesofthechemicalsusedtoremovetheoilfromtheplantmaterial.Inanattempttoavoidtheproblemofimpurities,anewermethodcalledCO2
extraction,sometimescalledsuper-criticalCO2extraction,hasbeendeveloped.This process uses carbon dioxide in a liquid state at high pressure to dissolveplantmaterialandreleasetheoil.Afterwards,whenthepressureisreduced,thecarbondioxidereturnstoitsgaseousstate,leavingtheoilbehindandreportedlyno chemical residue as in typical solvent extraction. However, like solventextraction,CO2extractscontainfats,waxes,andresinsfromtheplants.TherearetwotypesofCO2extractionproductsthatyoumayencounter.One
is created at lower pressure and designated as a select extract, orSE. It has aliquid consistency and does not contain as much of the plant fat, waxes, andresins.Theother type is calleda totalextract. It is thicker than the select andcontains more of the non-soluble plant material. According to Ingrid Martin,authorand instructorofaromatherapyatAshmeadCollege inSeattle, lab testsshow“significantdifferences inchemicalcompositions”between trueessentialoils and the CO2 products.13 In addition, I have not found information onexperimentstodetermineiftheyproduceaurasaspureessentialoilsdo.Anothersubstancecreatedbystandardsolventextractioniscalledaresinoid.
As the name implies, it comes from resinous plant materials, which includeresins, balsams, oleoresins, and oleo gum resins. (Refer to the glossary forinformationonthesesubstances.)Theresinoidendproductcanbeintheformofaviscousliquid,asolid,orasemi-solid.Aresinabsoluteiscreatedbyafurtherextractionprocessusingalcohol.Insteadofsolventextraction,afewresinssuchasfrankincenseandmyrrhareactuallysteam-distilledtocreateessentialoils.Anothermethodofextractioniscalledenfleurage.Thisisnotcommonlyused
todaybecauseitisextremelytime-consumingandlaborintensive,thusmakingitcostly.Thisprocessisusedtocreateanabsolutefromexpensiveflowerssuchasjasmine.Insteadofextractingthefloweressencewithachemicalsolvent,afattysubstancesuchastalloworlardisused.Thisprocessinvolvescoatingaframed
sheet of glass with the fat and then placing a layer of flowers in it. Anotherframeofglassisplacedontopoftheflowers,whichinturniscoatedwithfatonwhichalayerflowersisplaced,andsoon.Onceadaythewholearrayofglassframesisdisassembled,theflowerspicked
out,andnewonesplacedinthesamefatandtheneverythingisstackedagain.This process goes on until the fat becomes saturated with volatile oil. Thenumber of days it takes depends on the type of flower—for jasmine it takesabout70days.Aftertheflowersarepickedoutonthefinalday,thefatisrinsedwithalcoholtoseparatetheoilfromit.Whenthealcoholevaporates,anabsoluteisleft.Thistypeofabsoluteitselfissometimescalledanenfleurage.Anotherproductyoumayencounter iscalledan infusedoil;however, this is
not an essential oil. An infused oil is created in an easy, low-cost process bysoakingplantmaterialinwarmvegetableoiltoinfuseitwithaplant’saroma.Avery lowamountofessentialoil isactuallyreleased into theoil. Infusion,alsocalledmaceration,isaveryoldmethodthatwasusedbytheancientEgyptiansto extract fragrance and other plant substances for culinary and medicinalpurposes.Infusedoilisnotabadthing,andinfactitisquiteniceforcookingorusingonsalads.Rosemaryinoliveoilisoneofmyfavorites.However,keepinmindthatthisisnotanessentialoilanditshouldnotbepricedorpassedoffasone.Thereareafewthingstowatchoutforwhenpurchasingessentialoils.First,
therearethesyntheticoils.Whilethesearelowerincosttheyarealsolowerinqualitybecausetheyarecreatedchemically,usuallywithpetroleumbyproducts,insteadofwithplantmaterial.Theseoilsmaysmellliketherealthing,buttheydonotcarrythetrueessenceorsynergyofthenaturalworldandwilldonothingtoboostmagical intent.Another thing tobeawareof isdilutionwithacarrieroil.Asimplewaytotestforthisistoputadropoftheessentialoilonapieceofpaper.Afteritevaporates,thereshouldbenotraceleftbehind;however,anoilymarkindicatesthepresenceofacarrieroil.Pricingcanbearedflagindicatingadulteratedorsyntheticoilifacompany’s
productsallcostthesame.Someplantsaresimplymoreexpensivethanothers,andthisisreflectedinthepriceofessentialoils.Also,anythinglabeled“nature-identical” is another red flag thatusually indicates that anoil is syntheticor a
natural oil has been adulterated with a synthetic version. In mymind, naturemeansthenaturalworld,period.Thereisnothing“identical”toit.A finalpoint tonote is thatessentialoilscome fromplantsandnotanimals.
Musk,civet,andotheroilsfromanimalsshouldnotbeclassifiedasessentialoilsastheydonotcontainlife-forceessence.
LettheBlendingBeginThe equipment needed for blending essential oils is fairly minimal. Afterdecidingwhichessentialoilsyouwanttouse,purchasetheminsmallamounts,asitdoesnottakemuchtocreateblendsformagicwork.Storetheoilsinacool,dark,anddryenvironment.Avoidkeepingtheminabathroomorkitchenasthehumidity and fluctuating temperatures of these rooms may damage the oils.Because essential oils arehighly concentrated, youwill alsoneeda carrier oil(sometimescalledabaseoil), intowhichyourblendswillbemixed. (Refer tochapter7fordetailsoncarrieroils.)Carrieroilsareimportantbecauseessentialoilsshouldneverbeusedontheskinfullstrengthastheymaycauseirritation.Inadditiontotheessentialandcarrieroils,otheritemsthatyouwillneedinclude:•smallbottleswithscrew-oncapsforblendingandstoringessentialoils,andformixingwithcarrieroils•smalldropperstotransferessentialandcarrieroilsintoblendingbottles•adroppermarkedwithamillilitergaugeformeasuringcarrieroil(optional)•smalladhesivelabels•anotebook•cottonswabsorperfumeblotterstrips/scenttestingstrips(optional)
Allbottlesusedforessentialoilsshouldbedarkincolorandmadeofglass.Adarkbottlepreventsoildegradationcausedbylight.Mostbottlesonthemarketareusuallyamberorcobaltblueandcomeinarangeofsizes.Neveruseplasticbecausethebottle’schemicalcompositioncaninteractwithessentialoils.The2and5millilitersizebottlesaregoodforblendingessentialoils,andthe15or30milliliter sizes work well for combining them with carrier oil. Also have aseparate dropper for each essential oilwhen transferring them to the blendingbottle to avoid even a minor inadvertent mixing of oils. Even a tiny bit ofdifferentoilcanchange the fragrance.Makesure that thebottlesanddroppers
are clean and dry before use. It is best towork on a surface that iswashablebecause essential oils can damage varnish, paint, and plastic surfaces. I alsorecommendputtingdownalayerofpapertowelstocatchanystraydrops.For the moment we will assume that you have chosen your essential and
carrieroilsandyouhaveallofyourparaphernaliainfrontofyou.Nowwhat?Becausetheseoilblendsaregoingtobeusedformagicandritual,Iliketoset
that intent from the very beginning. After I assemble all my blending gear, Idrawapentagramwitha felt-tippenon thepaper towelsonmyworksurface.WhileI’mdoingthis,Iliketochantorsayanincantationsuchas:Greenworld,greenworld,abundantandpure;Bringforthyourstrength,beauty,andmore.Greenworld,greenworldpleaseassistme;Manifestmyintentions,somoteitbe.For your first blend it’s a good idea to start with three oils, so it will be
interestingbut simple. In fact,more isnot alwaysbetter, and some reallyniceblendscanbemadewithtwotofouroils.Thefirststepistogetfamiliarwiththeindividual scents. Open one bottle of essential oil and dip a cotton swab orblotterstripintotheoil.Gentlywaftitbackandforthunderyournose.Ifyouarenotusingaswaborstrips,waftthebottlebackandforthbutholditfartherthanyouwouldtheblotterstrip(nocloserthanyourchin),asthefragrancedirectlyfromthebottlewillbestronger.Close your eyes for amoment and allow the scent to speak to you.Does it
evokeanyparticularsensation,emotion,orimage?Takeamomenttowriteyourimpressionsinyournotebookandthenput thelidbackonthebottleorset theswab/blotterstripaside.Youmayalsowanttowalkintoadifferentroomtoclearyoursensesofthefragrancebeforemovingontothenextoil.AlthoughIhavenot tried it, I haveheard thatwafting freshcoffeegroundsunder thenosecancleartheolfactorysenses.Whenyoureturntoyourworkspace,repeatthisprocessfortheotheroils.The
laststepbeforeactuallymixingthemis to takeall threeswabsorblotterstripsandwaftthemtogetherunderyournose.Ifyouarenotusingthese,setallthreeopenbottlestogetherandmoveyourfacebackandforthabovethem.Thiswillprovide a little preview of how the oils may blend, but don’t jump to any
conclusions.Youwillonlyknowhowtheblendworksaftertheoilsareactuallymixedandtheyhavetimetosettleandmature.Now,youare ready toblend.Using separatedroppers, putonedropof each
essentialoil into theblendingbottle.WhileAgent007mayhavepreferredhismartini “shaken, not stirred,” formixingoilswewant to swirl, not shake.Formostblends,swirlinadeosildirection;however,whenblendingforbanishing,protection,orsomeotherintentions,youmaywanttoswirltheoppositewayinawiddershins direction. After a few swirls, waft the bottle near your face topreviewtheblend.Keepinmindthestrengthoftheoils’initialintensity,whichisimportantsoonedoesn’toverpowertheothers.Ifallthreeoilsareratedatthesamestrength,it’snotaproblem,butchancesaretheymaybedifferent.Ifoneoilisstrongerthantheothertwo,addadropmoreoftheothers.Iftheyarealldifferentstrengths,adjusttheamountsaccordingly.Beforetakinganotherwhiff,set the bottle aside, walk around the room or into the next room for a fewminutesbeforereturningtotakeawhiff.Aswithmostthingsrelatedtoblendingoils,therearedifferentscalesforrating
theinitialstrengthofoils.Ifindasimple1to5workswellforme,anditistheonethatIhaveusedthroughoutthisbook.
Table2.1InitialStrengthofEssentialOilAroma
1=light2=mild
3=medium4=strong
5=verystrong
Atthispointtheblendisinitsinfancy.Takenotesabouthowmanydropsofeach oil you used aswell as your initial impression of themixture. Don’t beafraidtomakecorrections.Ifyourintuitiontellsyouthatadropmoreofanoilwouldbebetter,tryit.Thisisthewaytolearnandhoneyourskills.However,ifthemixseemsasthoughit’salmostrightorifyouarenotsureaboutit,refrainfromaddingmore.Instead,putthelidonthebottle,washthedroppers,andlettheblendsettleforacoupleofhoursbeforetakinganotherwhiff.Unlessyouare
reallyunhappywiththeblendatthatpoint,don’ttinker;instead,takenotesaboutanydifferencesyoumaydetect.Givetheblendabouttwodaysbeforedoinganotherwhifftest.Again,refrain
frommakingadjustmentsand let thegreenworldwork itsmagic.Nowcomesthehardpartofwaitingatleastaweekormoretogivetheblendtimetomature.It takes time for the chemistry of the oils to change and develop, as somemoleculeswillbreakupandre-formnewoneswiththeotheroils.Youmaybesurprisedtofindthatsomethingyouthoughtneededatweakhasturnedintoanaromaticjewel.Takingnotesateachstepandaftereachwhifftest isimportant,sothatwhen
youfindtherightmixyoucanduplicateitaswellasincreasetheamount.Andonoccasion(theauthorspeaksfromexperience)youmaynotwanttorepeatit.Ithappensandthat’showwelearn,althoughunderstandingtheselectionmethodsincreases your chances of producing awinner. I also recommend labeling thebottlewiththedateandgivingitanamesuchasbanishingoilorlovepotionorsimply listing the ingredients. Of course, you can also be creative with thenames.Keep thebottle tightlyclosed, inacoolplaceaway from light.Whenstored
thisway,essentialoilscanremainpotentformanyyears.Also,besuretokeepthemoutofreachofchildren.Afteryouraromaticcreationhashadaweekorsotomature,itcanbeaddedto
acarrieroilandthenused.Besuretouseseparatedroppersforthecarrierandthe essential-oil blend. As noted in the list of equipment, you might want topurchase a dropper with a milliliter gauge to make measuring the carrier oileasier. These can be found in most pharmacies. Table 2.2 is a measurementconversion chart that includes ounces and teaspoons and it is intended forcomparativepurposes.
Table2.2MeasurementConversionChart
20–24drops=1ml=¼teaspoon
40–48drops=2ml=½teaspoon
100drops=5ml=1teaspoon=¹⁄₆oz200drops=10ml=2teaspoons=⅓oz
300drops=15ml=1tablespoon=½oz
600drops=30ml=2tablespoons=1ounce
Sinceweareblendingverysmallamountsformagicwork,itiseasiertothinkandmeasure inmillilitersforcarrieroilanddropsforessentialoil.Becauseofthepotentenergyofessentialoils—andmagic isallaboutenergy—onlysmallamounts are needed. Also, keep in mind that these measurements areapproximate, since drop sizes vary, especiallywith thicker oils. This iswhy Istresstheimportanceofkeepinggoodnotes.
Table2.3DilutionRatioGuide
CarrierOil 5ml 10ml 15ml 30ml Ratio
Essentialoil 1–2drops 2–3drops 3–5drops 6–10drops 1%
Essentialoil 2–3drops 4–7drops 6–10drops 12–20drops
2%
Essentialoil 3–5drops 6–10drops 9–16drops 18–32drops
3%
Essentialoil 4–7drops 8–14drops 12–20drops 24–40drops
4%
Beginmixingyouressentialandcarrieroilsata2%dilutionbyputting10ml(milliliters)ofcarrieroilinacleanbottleandthenadding4dropsofyourblend.Takeanothercleanbottleandtrya3%dilutionwith10mlofcarrieroiland6drops of your blend. Take a whiff of each dilution and then take notes.Experiment with varying amounts and dilution ratios and keep in mind thespecificuseoftheoil,especiallyifitistobeusedonthebody.
Table2.4QuickGuideforDilutionRatiosin10mlofCarrierOil
Ratio .5% 1% 1.5% 2% 2.5% 3%
Essentialoil 1drop 2drops 3drops 4drops
5drops
6drops
Hydrosolscanalsobeblended together,butunlikeessentialoils theydonotrequireacarrieroil.Simplymixandtheyarereadytogo.Becausetheyarelessconcentrated than essential oils and less expensive, it’s common to work inlargerquantitiesmeasuringtheminmillilitersinsteadofdrops.Aswiththeoils,use separate droppers to avoid inadvertentmixing.Hydrosols arewater basedandmustbekept inairtightbottles topreventairbornecontamination just likeany typeofwater.Evenwhen stored in the fridge, if theydon’t lookor smellgoodandfresh,throwthemaway.Here’s an easy way to make your own flower water with a single oil or a
blend:Put100ml(about3½ounces)ofspringwaterinabottleandthenadd20to30dropsofessentialoil.Giveitafewdaysbeforeusing.Eventhoughtheessentialoilwon’tdissolve,itwillimpartfragrancetothewater.Onceyouhavecreatedseveralblends,youmightwanttostartarecipeboxjust
like thegoodold-fashionedones forkitchen recipes.Referback toyournotesandthenwriteoutacardforeachblend.Youcouldalsocreateblendchartsonyourcomputerandprintthemout.Includethenameofyourblendandperhapsthedateyoucreatedit,theamountofandtypeofcarrieroilyouused,andthenlisteachessentialoilandthenumberofdropsforeach.Overtimeyouwillfindthatthisnotonlysavesyoutime,butitwillalsobecomeasourceofinspirationwhenyouarethinkingofcreatinganotherblend.Beforemovingon,Iwant toexplainmynotations.Insomecases,morethan
oneoilisproducedfromaplant.Forexample,oilisextractedfromthebarkofcinnamontreesaswellasitsleaves.Whereitisimportanttomakeadistinction,I have noted “cinnamon (bark oil)” or “cinnamon (leaf oil).” Otherwise, thewordcinnamon on its own refers to both oils. The same is true for other oilswheremore than one species, such as chamomile, is represented in this book.When a specific one is referenced, it is noted as “chamomile (German)” or“chamomile (Roman).” Where a reference is made to both, just the wordchamomilewillappear.
SafetyGuidelines
Before startingour in-depth studyofblendingmethods, let’s talkabout safety.Essential oils, like plants, may be dangerous and harmful if used improperly.This is why it is important to store them out of reach of children. Pregnantwomen should take extra care, and read andheedwarning information.Avoidrubbing your eyes or handling your contact lenses if you have oil on yourfingers,assomeoilsmayirritateeyesanddamagecontacts.Ifyougetessentialoilinyoureye,flushitwithcoldmilktodilutetheoil.Aspreviouslymentioned,the fatty lipids inmilkact the sameascarrieroils.Sinceessentialoilsarenotwater-soluble,waterwould only spread the oil around.Also, avoid getting oilvaporsinyoureyes,asthatcanalsocauseirritation.Alsoaspreviouslymentioned,donotaddessentialoilsdirectlytobathwater
as they can irritate the skin.This can happen because essential oilswill float,undiluted, on top of the water. Essential oils should not be taken internallywithouttheadviceofaphysicianortrainedhealthcareprovider.AsIhavestressed,essentialoilsmustbedilutedbeforeuse.Thisisespecially
true for useon thebody,with lavender being theonly exception.Sandalwoodand ylang-ylang are considered very gentle and often used neat for perfume;however,itisimportanttodoapatchtestontheskinfirstandcheckanyotherwarninginformationbeforedoingso.Todoapatchtest,putacoupleofdropsofessentialoilonyourwristand thencover it looselywithanadhesivebandage.Afteracoupleofhours,removethebandageandcheckforanyrednessorsignsof irritation. If theseoccur, rinse theareawithcoldmilk.Youmay try the testagain at another time or on the other wrist with the essential oil diluted in acarrieroil. Ifyouhavesensitiveskin, it isadvisable todoapatch testwithalldiluted oils, especially for those listed in the safety guidelines section below.Hydrosols shouldnotbeused inplaceof flower-essence remedies,as theyarenotprocessedorpreparedforinternaluse.The following table lists the general warnings and safety issues of some
essentialoils.Whilethereareexceptionsandeachpersonmayreactdifferentlytovariousoils,itisbesttoerronthesideofcaution.Readmanufacturers’labels,and when in doubt, don’t use a particular oil. People with epilepsy or otherseizuredisordersandthosewithhighbloodpressureshouldconsulttheirdoctors
before using essential oils. You may also want to consult your pediatricianbeforeusingessentialoilsonchildren.
Table2.5SafetyGuidelines
Dermal/SkinIrritation—Theseoilsmaycauseirritationtotheskin,especiallyifusedinhighconcentrations
allspice,anise,basil,birch,cajeput,caraway,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clove,eucalyptus,ginger,juniper,lemon,lemonbalm,lemongrass,orange,parsley,pepper,peppermint,pine,tagetes,thyme,turmeric
Diabetes—Avoiduseofthisoil angelica
EpilepsyorSeizureDisorders—Theseoilsshouldbeavoided
basil,camphor,fennel,hyssop,lavender(spike),rosemary,sage(common)
Hazardous—Theseoilsshouldnotbeusedontheskin
cassia,cinnamon(barkoil),fennel(bitter),mugwort,oregano,sage(common),savory
HighBloodPressure—Avoidtheseoils
hyssop,peppermint,pine,rosemary,sage(common),thyme
Homeopathy—Theseoilsshouldnotbeusedwhenundergoinghomeopathictreatment
camphor,eucalyptus,pepper,peppermint
Table2.5SafetyGuidelines(continued)
Moderation—Usetheseoilsinmoderation
anise,basil,bay,camphor,cedarwood(Virginia),cinnamon(leaf),clove,coriander,eucalyptus,fennel(sweet),hops,hyssop,juniper,marjoram,nutmeg,parsley,pepper,peppermint,sage(common,Spanish),staranise,tagetes,tarragon,thyme,turmeric,valerian
OrallyToxic eucalyptus,mugwort,sage(common),tarragon
Photosensitivity—Theseoilsmaycausearashordarkpigmentationonskinexposedtosunlightwithinafewdaysafterapplication
angelica(rootoil),bergamot,cumin,ginger,lemon,lime,lovage,mandarin,orange(bitter)
Pregnancy—Thefollowingoilsshouldbeavoidedduring
angelica,anise,basil,bay,camphor,cassia,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,
pregnancy clove,cumin,fennel,hyssop,juniper,labdanum,lovage,marjoram,myrrh,nutmeg,oregano,parsley,peppermint,rose,rosemary,snakeroot,sage(Spanish),savory,staranise,tarragon,thyme,turmericAbortifacient:mugwort,sage(common)
Sensitization—Inadditiontothelistingfordermal/skinirritation,theseoilsmaycauseirritationforpeoplewithsensitiveskin
bay,benzoin,cananga,celery,fennel,geranium,ginger,hops,jasmine,lemonbalm,litsea,lovage,storax,teatree,thyme,turmeric,valerian,yarrow,ylang-ylang
SampleBlendThisisanexampleofblendingbybotanicalfamily.Membersofthecitrusfamilyworksowelltogetherthatit’shardtogowrongwiththem.
ProsperityandWell-BeingBlendSweetorange:12dropsGrapefruit:12dropsMandarin:11dropsBergamot:7dropsLemon:4drops
Iliketousethisblendasahouseblessing,andsinceIusuallyhaveaseasonalwreathonthefrontdoor,thatiswhereIplaceit.Allfiveoilsareassociatedwithwell-being and strength. Grapefruit, lemon, and orange are associated withabundance, andbergamot andmandarinwithprosperity. I also like to use thisblendindoorswithatealightdiffuser,especiallyduringthewinter,tofreshenthehouse and get energy moving. Bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, and orange areassociatedwithenergyandmandarinwithhappiness.Nowthatyouknowhowtomixoilsandhavehadasneakpeekatabotanical
familyblend,let’smoveonandexplorethismethodfirst.
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12.Raven,Evert,andEichhorn,TheBiologyofPlants,29.13.Martin,AromatherapyforMassagePractitioners,13.
CHAPTER3
BlendingbyBotanicalFamilyNowthatyouknowthebasicsofmixing,let’sbeginourexplorationintohowtochooseoilsthatgotogether.Mostbooks,includingthisone,providelistsofintentionsandpowersalongwiththeircorrespondingessentialoils.However,justbecauseoilsarelistedtogetherdoesnotmeanthattheywillnecessarilymixandsmell
goodtogether.Thisiswhereunderstandingthefundamental
methodsofselectionandblendingcanbeenormouslyhelpfultoavoid
hit-or-missexperimentation.
Similarity and compatibility in chemical makeup accounts for oils blendingwell. As mentioned in the previous chapter, the maturing process of a blendinvolvesthebreakingupofsomemoleculesandre-formingofnewones.When
thisworksinharmony,it’scalledasynergy.However,chemicalcompoundscanalsoinhibiteachother,whichiswhysomebasicknowledgecangoalongway.Blendingaccordingtobotanicalfamilyisanapproachusedinfoodpreparation
for combining herbs or spices that create well-rounded flavors. A simpleexampleofthisisthecombinationofthepopularpizzaherbsbasil,oregano,andthyme,whichareallfromtheLamiaceae(mint)family.Thisapproachworksforfragrances,too,anditisthefirstonewewillexplore.
BotanicalFamiliesandNamesBotanicalfamiliesarebasedonthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofaplant’sdevelopmentandstructure.Originallyplantswereclassifiedintosimpleintuitivecategories.
Later,classificationswerebasedonscientificstudy,butforseveralcenturiesplantswerenamedby
differentbotanistswithoutalogicalstandard.ThatbegantochangewhenSwedishnaturalistCarlLinnaeus,alsoknownasCarlvonLinné(1707–1778),developedasystemthatbecamethe
foundationfortheInternationalCodeofBotanicalNomenclature.Overtime,asnewknowledgeaboutplantsemerged,theirnameswerechangedto
reflectthenewdata.Thisisonereasonwhywefindsynonymsinbotanicalnames,astheantiquatedoneswerekepttoaidinidentification.Another
reasonisscientificdisagreement.Inadditiontochangesduetoupdatedinformation,thelogicalrulesfornaming
plants is periodically revised. For example, the ending “aceae” was added tofamilynames,witha fewexceptions, todistinguish themfromorders, classes,andotherlevelswithinthenamingstructure.Andifyou’vewonderedwhythese
names are inLatin, it’s because duringLinnaeus’s time,Latinwas a commonlanguagethatpeopledoingthisworkcouldshare.
Table3.1TheBasicHierarchyofPlants
Kingdom
Phylum/Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
While Table 3.1 illustrates the basic seven-level hierarchy of plantclassification, the fullmodern taxonomy has at least 16 levels, which includesuperdivisions and superorders, subclasses and subfamilies, and more. Forsimplicity,wewill dealmostlywith family, genus, and species for identifyingoils.Itisimportanttoknowaplant’sscientificnamebecauseoftheconfusion,overlap,andregionaluseofcommonnames.Ofcourse,theLatinnamescanbeconfusing, too, but if we break down the information, we can demystify andunderstandthem.Thetwo-wordplantnamesthatwefindatgardencentersandinbooksarethe
genus and species of the plant. As you can see from Table 3.1, these areclassificationswithinbotanicalfamilies.Thefirstofthetwowordsisthegenusname,which isapropernounandalwayscapitalized.ThegenusforyarrowisAchillea inhonorof theGreekheroAchilles.The secondword is the species,and it is an adjective that provides a little description about the plant. Forexample, in a type of yarrow, Achillea millefolium, the word millefoliumindicates a leaf of many parts (mille meaning thousands and folium foliage).Also,an“x”inanameindicatesthattheplantisahybrid—asin,forexample,Achilleaxtaygetea.Occasionally you may see a third word in a name preceded with “var,”
indicating that it isavarietyof thatspecies.Forexample,AchilleamillefoliumvarpacificaisavarietythatgrowsonthenorthwesterncoastofNorthAmerica.Sometimesavarietyiscalledasubspecies;however,thistermisoftenregardedasagrayarea. Inaddition,youmayseea thirdwordwritten in singlequotes,suchasAchilleamillefolium“RedBeauty,”which indicates that it isacultivarcreatedinthegardenandnotfoundinthewild.Themoremoderncultivarnamesarewritten inEnglish insteadofLatin.Followingthe two-or three-wordname,youmayalsoseealetterorsometimesaperson’slastname,whichidentifiestheindividual who named the plant. For example, an L following a plant namemeansthattheplantnamewasbestowedbyLinneaushimself.
As previously mentioned, folk names for plants can often generate a lot ofconfusion.Forthisreason,itisimportanttochecktheLatin(genusandspecies)nameswhenpurchasingessentialoils.Thiswayyouwillbesureofgettingtherightoilandworkingwith thecorrectbotanical family. Inaddition, it’sagoodidea to label your bottles of essential oilswith their respective family names.Overtime,asyouaccumulatemoreoils,thiswillmakeiteasierwhenyougatherthemforblending.Asthenameimplieswiththebotanicalfamilymethod,chooseallofyouroils
tomakeablendfromonefamily.Table3.2isalistingbybotanicalfamilyoftheessentialoilscoveredinthisbook.Althoughwearegoingtoexploreonlyafewofthesefamilies, thislistingprovidesanoverviewofhowsomeoftheoilsarerelated toeachother.Although I stress theneed tocheckandbecomefamiliarwithbotanicalnames, especiallywhenpurchasingoils, Ihaveused theplants’mostwidelyusedcommonnamesinthelistsandtablesthroughoutthisbooktomakeiteasiertouse.TheoilsarelistedbythesecommonnamesintheprofilesofSectionTwo,whereyouwillalsofindtheirbotanicalnames.
Table3.2EssentialOilsbyBotanicalFamily
Annonaceae cananga,ylang-ylang
Apieceae angelica,anise,caraway,carrot,celery,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel(bitter&sweet),galbanum,lovage,parsley
Aristolochiaceae
snakeroot
Asteraceae chamomile(German&Roman),helichrysum,mugwort,tagetes,tarragon,yarrow
Betulaceae
birch
Burseraceae elemi,frankincense,myrrh,opopanax
Cistaceae
labdanum
Cupressaceae cedarwood(Virginia),cypress,juniper
Geraniaceae
geranium
Hamamelidaceae
storax
Lamiaceae basil,catnip,clarysage,hyssop,lavandin,lavender(spike&true),lemonbalm,marjoram,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,rosemary,sage(common&Spanish),savory(summer&winter),spearmint
Table3.2EssentialOilsbyBotanicalFamily(continued)
Lauraceae bay,camphor,cassia,cinnamon,litsea
Magnoliaceae
staranise
Moraceae
hops
Myrtaceae allspice,cajeput,clove,eucalyptus(bluegum&lemon),myrtle,niaouli,teatree
Myristicaceae
nutmeg
Oleaceae
jasmine
Pinaceae cedarwood(Atlas),fir(balsam&silver),pine,spruce
Piperaceae
pepper
Poaceae citronella,lemongrass(EastIndian&WestIndian),palmarosa,vetiver
Rosaceae rose(Damask&Maroc)
Rutaceae amyris,bergamot,grapefruit,lemon,lime,mandarin,neroli,orange(bitter&sweet),petitgrain
Santalaceae
sandalwood
Styracaceae
benzoin
Usneaceae
oakmoss
Valeriananceae spikenard,valerian
Zingiberaceae cardamom,galangal,ginger,turmeric
GettingStartedwithBotanicalFamilyBlendingWearegoingtoexplorethebotanicalfamiliesthat
containenoughmemberstocreatevariousblends.ThesearetheApiaceae,Asteraceae,Lamiaceae,Myrtaceae,andRutaceaefamilies.Inaddition,wewillmoveupthebotanicalhierarchytotheorder
PinalesandlookatacombinationoftheCupressaceaeandPinaceaefamilies.
Whenworkingwithsmallergroupsofoils,asweareinthischapter,itisoftennotpossibletoselectingredientsthatallhaveadirectassociationwithasingleintention. However, you will find that it is not always necessary. Using theApiaceae(parsley)familyasanexample,let’ssayyouwanttocreateablendtoaid in dreamwork. You might choose caraway and anise oils, which areassociated with dreamwork, and then add coriander, which is associated withstimulation.Inthissituation,corianderwillstimulateyourdreamwork,addingaboost to yourmain intention. If you are using dreamwork for divination, youcouldusethesesamethreeoils,ascorianderandanisearealsoassociatedwithdivination.Using this approach is especially helpfulwhenworkingwith theMyrtaceae
(myrtle) family, in which many of the intentions and powers only have oneassociated oil. For example, if you areworking toward a new job, youmightconsiderblending theseoils: tea tree forconfidence,niaouli fordetermination,andcloveforsuccess.Usingindirectassociationsisalsoinstrumentalwithothercorrespondencessuchasthezodiacifyouwanttocreateasabbatblend.Atfirstthisapproachmayseemlessfocused,butitcanactuallyboostyourpurposebyincorporating different vibrational energies related to the primary intention. Inthe long run, it is your energy and intention that focuses your power andpurpose.Also,workingthiswaycanhelpuslearnhowtostrengthenourmagicalpractices.
Inadditiontolearningabouttheparticularphysicaldistinctionsofeachfamily,thefollowingsectionsprovidedetailsonwhichmemberswithinafamilyblendparticularlywelltogether.Thisisprovidedtohelpyougetstartedwithselectingoilsbutshouldnotinhibityoufromothercombinations.Once you have made your decision and purchased the oils, set up your
workspaceandfollow thesteps formixingandassessingblendsasoutlined inchapter 2.Aswith all themethods that follow in this book, it is the selectionprocess that varies. The actual blending and assessing procedures remain thesame.
TheApieceaeFamilyBeforeplantnameswerestandardized,thisfamilywasknownasUmbelliferaeandinformallyastheparsleyorcarrotfamily.Asyou
cansee,manyfamiliarvegetables,herbs,andspicesaremembersofthisfamily.Thephysicalcommonalityofplantsinthisfamilyarethecanal-likespaceswhereessentialoilisstored.Themostimportantpowersthattheseplantssharearecyclesandrenewal.Oftheoilscoveredinthisbook,the
plantsinthisfamilyincludeangelica,anise,caraway,carrot,celery,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel,galbanum,lovage,andparsley.Whiletheseoilsblendnicelywitheachother,therearesomethatworkparticularlywelltogether:angelica:corianderanise:caraway,coriander,dill,fennelcaraway:anise,carrot,coriander,dillcarrot:caraway,coriander,cumincelery:coriander,lovage
coriander:angelica,anise,caraway,carrot,celery,dill,parsleycumin:carrot,dill,galbanum,parsleydill:anise,caraway,coriander,cuminfennel:anise,parsleygalbanum:cumin,lovagelovage:celery,
galbanumparsley:coriander,cumin,fennel
TheAsteraceaeFamilyInthepastthisbotanicalfamilywascalledCompositae,andinformallyitisknownastheasterorsunflowerfamily.Thisisthesecond-largestfamilyoffloweringplants,with
membersdispersedallovertheworldandinwidelydiverseregions.MembersoftheAsteraceaefamilyarecharacterizedbyasterordaisy-likeflowerheadsthatarecomprisedofmanytinyflorets,givingtheappearanceofasingleflower.Thisgivesthese
plantsthepowerofattraction.Thefamilymembersincludedinthisbookarethechamomiles,
helichrysum,mugwort,tagetes,tarragon,andyarrow.Whiletheseoilsblendnicelywitheach
other,chamomiletendstoblendexceptionallywellwithalloftheothers.
chamomile (German): mugwort, tagetes, tarragon chamomile (Roman):helichrysum, mugwort, tarragon, yarrow helichrysum: chamomile (Roman)mugwort: chamomile tagetes: chamomile (German) tarragon: chamomileyarrow:chamomile(Roman)TheLamiaceaeFamilyThiswasoncecalled theLabiataefamilyandisinformallyknownasthemintornettlefamily.Lamiaceaehas the highest number of aromatic plants. Their distinguishing physicalcharacteristics include squarish, four-sided stems, and irregular-shaped, two-lippedflowers.Theseplantslovewarmplacesandallhavesomeknownhealingapplication.Theimportantpowersattributedtothisfamilyaretheabilitytodealwithchangeandtoincreasevitality.Oftheoilscoveredinthisbook,theplantsinthisfamilyincludebasil,catnip,
clary sage, hyssop, lavandin, lavender, lemon balm, marjoram, peppermint,spearmint,oregano,patchouli,rosemary,sage,savory,andthyme.Whiletheoilsin this family blend nicely with each other, there are some that go together
particularly well: basil: hyssop, spearmint catnip: peppermint clary sage:hyssop,patchouli,sagehyssop:basil,clarysage,lavender(true)lavandin:sage(common), savory (summer), spearmint lavender (true): hyssop, lemon balm,peppermint, sage (Spanish) lavender(spike): oregano, patchouli lemon balm:lavender(true),savory(winter),thymemarjoram:peppermint,thymeoregano:lavender(spike),rosemarypatchouli:clarysage,lavender(spike)peppermint:catnip, lavender (true),marjoram rosemary: oregano, savory sage (common):clary sage, lavandin sage (Spanish): clary sage, lavender (true) savory(summer): lavandin, rosemary savory (winter): lemon balm, rosemaryspearmint: basil, lavandin thyme: lemon balm, marjoram The MyrtaceaeFamilyCommonly known as the myrtle family,Myrtaceae does not have anolderscientificname.Membersofthisfamilygrowinthetropicalzonesofeverycontinent. Although these plants are diverse, their common physicalcharacteristics include hard wood and thick, evergreen leaves dotted with oilglands.Inaddition,theseplantsproducesugaryfruitand/orpungentspices.TheMyrtaceaefamilyiscomprisedofstrongplantsthathavelearnedtosurviveandflourishunderchallengingconditions.Asaresult, theirmost importantpowersincludedeterminationandstrength.Of the oils covered in this book, the plants in this family include allspice,
cajeput, clove, eucalyptus,myrtle,niaouli, and tea tree.While theseoilsblendnicely with each other, there are some that go together particularly well:allspice:clovecajeput:eucalyptus (bluegum),niaouliclove: allspice,myrtle,tea tree eucalyptus (blue gum): cajeput, niaouli eucalyptus (lemon): niaoulimyrtle: clove, niaouliniaouli: cajeput, eucalyptus, myrtle, tea tree tea tree:clove,niaouliTheRutaceaeFamilyRutaceaeiscommonlyknownastherueororange/citrusfamily.Theplantsinthisfamilygrowinmildtropicalregionsandhavecompoundleaveswithoilcellreservoirsthatappearasdotsincertainlight.Adistinguishingcharacteristicistheirwhiteflowersthatgrowinasymmetricalstarshape.Theseplantsproducedelicious,succulent fruit.Themost importantpowersofthisbotanicalfamilyareconfidence,strength,andwell-being.Of the oils covered in this book, the plants in this family include amyris,
bergamot, grapefruit, lemon, lime, mandarin, neroli, orange, and petitgrain.While these oils blendnicelywith eachother, there are some that go together
particularly well: amyris: petitgrain bergamot: grapefruit, neroli, petitgraingrapefruit:bergamot,lemon,limelemon:grapefruit,lime,nerolilime: lemon,grapefruit, orange (sweet)mandarin: neroli, orangeneroli: bergamot, lemon,mandarin, orange (sweet) orange (bitter): mandarin orange (sweet): lime,mandarin,nerolipetitgrain:amyris,bergamotThePinalesOrderGoingupthehierarchy of botanical nomenclature, we can use the order Pinales, whichcontains the Cupressaceae (cypress) and Pinaceae (pine) families, for abotanical blendinggroup.Thephysical distinction formembers of thePinalesorder is that they are conifers, or cone-bearing plants. The most importantpowersofthesewoodytreesandshrubsaregrowth,healing,protection,andtheabilitytoconnectwithspirits,especiallywoodlandspirits.Of the oils covered in this book, the plants in this group from the
Cupressaceae familyare cedarwood (Virginia), cypress, and juniper; and fromthe Pinaceae family: cedarwood (Atlas), fir, pine, and spruce. Although youcan’tgowrongwithalmostanycombinationoftheseoils,someareparticularlygood together: cedarwood (Atlas): cypress, fir (balsam), juniper, sprucecedarwood(Virginia):cypress, junipercypress:cedarwood,pine fir (balsam):cedarwood(Atlas), juniper,pine fir (silver): juniper,pine juniper: cedarwood,fir, pine pine: cypress, fir, juniper, spruce spruce: cedarwood (Atlas), pineWhilethischapterdetailedafewbotanicalfamilies,youmayconsiderexploringa smaller one on your own if you are drawn to particular group of oils. Thismethodisagoodwayto learnabout the individualoilsaswellas theirfamilycharacteristics.
Sample Blend This recipe comes from the Lamiaceae family andcontainslavender,marjoram,androsemary.Theseareallassociatedwithpsychicabilitiesandfocusingthemindaswellasbalance,whichishelpfulwhenengaging in thiswork. Ihavealso found that this isgoodforclearingawaynegativityingeneral.
Psychic Purification Blend Lavender (true): 4 drops Rosemary: 3 dropsMarjoram: 3 drops As you expand your collection of oils, you may find itrewarding to come back to thismethod, especially ifmembers of a particularfamilyappealtoyou.Nowwe’rereadytomoveontothemorecomplexmethod
ofblendingbyscentgroups,whichwillincludealloftheoilsrepresentedinthisbook.
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CHAPTER4
BlendingbyScentGroupJustasessentialoilsfromthesame
botanicalfamilyblendwelltogether,theyalsomixnicelywithinscentgroups.Alsocalledfragrance
groupsandfragrancefamilies,thereareanumberofwaysthatscentshavebeenclassifiedintogroups—somemorecomplexthanothers.Let’stakealookatafewofthem.
FragranceClassificationsAs previously mentioned, Carl Linnaeus revolutionized and standardized theclassification of plants according to physical structure and development. Hedidn’t stop there and went on to categorize their odors as well. His focus,however, was on their medicinal value, as he placed them into the sevencategories of foul, fragrant, garlicky, goaty, musky, nauseating, and spicy.14
ThesenamesarenotwhatIwouldcallinspirationalforblendingscents.GermanpsychologistHansHenning(1885–1946)calledhissystemofclassification thesmellprism,whichwasbasedonwhathebelievedwerethesixprincipalodors.In 1927 the American psychologists Ernest Crocker and Lloyd Hendersonrelatedtheirodorsquaretofourkindsofolfactorynerves.Coming from a totally different viewpoint and purpose, Eugene Rimmel
(1820–1887), an eminent perfumer of London and Paris, laid out his 18classifications of scents in The Book of Perfumes. Although some of hiscategoriesseemratherspecificandlimited,theyactuallycontainmorethanthenamedscent.Forexample, thecategoryhecallsvioletalsoincludescassieandorris root.Today, the perfumery categories canvarywidely and sometimes anexplanation is necessary. For example, the category called green generallyincludesherbs,mints,andpine;oriental includesheadyspicesaswellassomeresinousscents;chypre(Frenchforcypress)includeswoodsy/mossyscents;andfougere (French for fern) includes lighter herb/fern scents. More recentperfumery categories are entitled fruity,gourmand (an edible food smell), andaquatic,oroceanic,whichaccommodatessyntheticfragrances.15
Inaddition to thesquareandprismshapesapplied tocategories, thecircle isinterpreted as a fragrance wheel. Developed by perfume aficionado MichaelEdwardsintheearly1980s,thewheelplacesfougereatthecenterandarrangesthefourcategoriesoffloral,fresh,oriental,andwoodyaroundtheoutside.Thesefourcategoriesarefurtherdividedintothreeorfoursubgroups.Asyoumayhaveguessedbynow,scentscanberathersubjective,andthereis
no universal, definitive classification system for them. However, through mystudies I have found a method for categorizing scents that offers a simple,straightforwardblendingguide.Thisisthesetofsixscentgroupsrecommended
byaromatherapist,author,andlecturerJuliaLawless.16 Illustratedinfigure4.1,the groups consist of woody (woodsy, earthy), herbaceous, citrus, floral,resinous, and spicy. In a number of cases, these groups actually describesomething about the plants or plant parts within the categories. LikeMichaelEdwards’s groups, these work well as a wheel, which helps to show theirinterrelationships.Ialsolikethisapproach,becausewhatPagandoesn’tlikethesymbolismofworkingwithacircle?Inaddition,displayingthescentgroupsasacirclebringsout thedynamicnatureof thisblendingmethod.AnotherreasonIlikethesecategoriesisthattheyhonorandstaytruetothenaturalworldmoresothanotherclassifications.
ThreeWaystoBlendbyScentGroupTherearethreewaystousethescentgroups.Thefirstissingle-groupblending,which works because the members within each group tend to have similarchemical compositions and go well with each other. As a result, most of thefloralsblendwell togetherasdothespices,citrus,andothergroupings.Asthename implies, select all of youroils fromonegroup.Whenblendingby scentgroup,threeoilsusuallyworkbest,sinceincorporatingmoretendstogettrickyandcanbogthingsdown.
Figure4.1Thescentgroupcircle
Aswithblendingbybotanical family,workingwith thesmallerscentgroupsmay require us to bemore creative in howwe express our intentions.On theother hand, scent groups can also provide extra focus for certain powers. Forexample, the citrusgroup is especially supportiveofpsychicwork,divination,andcommunicatingwiththespiritrealm.Thefloralgroupisespeciallyhelpfulforcreativity,theemotions,love,andspirituality.Ifyoufindthatascentgroupislimitedforexpressingyourintentions,youmightstillfinditusefulforblendingaritualperfumeorcreatingadeityoffering.
Table4.1EssentialOilsandTheirScentGroups
Woody amyris,birch,cajeput,cedarwood,cypress,eucalyptus(bluegum),fir,juniper,oakmoss,patchouli,pine,sandalwood,spikenard,spruce,valerian,vetiver
Table4.1EssentialOilsandTheirScentGroups(continued)
Herbaceous angelica,basil,carrot,catnip,citronella,clarysage,helichrysum,hyssop,labdanum,lavender(spike),marjoram,mugwort,niaouli,oregano,parsley,peppermint,rosemary,sage,savory,spearmint,tagetes,teatree,thyme,yarrow
Citrus bergamot,eucalyptus(lemon),grapefruit,lemon,lemonbalm,lemongrass,lime,litsea,mandarin,orange
Floral cananga,chamomile,geranium,jasmine,lavender(true),lavandin,neroli,palmarosa,rose,ylang-ylang
Resinous camphor,frankincense,galbanum,myrrh,opopanax,storax
Spicy allspice,anise,bay,benzoin,caraway,cardamom,celery,cassia,cinnamon,clove,coriander,cumin,dill,elemi,fennel,galangal,ginger,hops,lovage,myrtle,nutmeg,pepper,petitgrain,snakeroot,staranise,tarragon,turmeric
Onceyouhaveselectedandpurchasedyouroils,followthestepsaslaidoutinchapter2 tocreateyouraromatic treasure.Thiswillbe thesameforallof theblendingmethods,astheactualstepsformixingandassessingremainthesame.It is theplanning and selectingof oils that differs.Aswithbotanical families,whenyoupurchaseanewoilyoumaywanttolabelitwiththenameofitsscentgroup as well. This makes it easier when you are planning new blends orgatheringyouroilsformixing.ThesecondwayofusingscentgroupsiswhatIcallgood-neighborblending.
Asthisnameimplies,eachgroupmixeswellwithmembersfromitsneighboringgroups.Thewoodyoilsgowith the spicyandherbaceousoils, the citruswithherbaceousandfloraloils.Allaroundthecircle,eachgroupblendswellwithitsneighboroneitherside.
Figure4.2Good-neighborblendingbyscentgroups.
Whenblendingthisway,selectyourthreeoilsfromtwogroupsatatime.Forexample,woodyandspicyorwoodyandherbaceous.Thatsaid,rememberthesemethodsaresimpleguidelines.Onceyouarefamiliarwithyouroilsandyoufeelthatcombiningspicy,woody,andherbaceousscentswouldcreateagoodblend,goforit.Thethirdwayofusingscentgroupsistoselectanoilfromanoppositegroup.
Asyoucanseeinfigure4.3,thesearenotquitestraightforward.Thewoodyandfloralgroupsandthespicyandcitrusgroupsaredirectlyoppositeinthecircle,andthesecombinationsworknicely.However,althoughherbaceousandresinousareoppositesandsomeoftheirmembersgowelltogether,thispairingofgroupsdoesnotalwaysworkaswellastheothers.Eventhoughtheyarenotopposites,thepairingof thespicyandfloral tends toworkwell.Usingoneofyour three
oils from an opposite group adds interest to a blend and opens the door for awidevarietyofpossibilities.
Figure4.3Opposite-groupblending
Thefollowingtablesprovideinformationonwhichoilsareknownforworkingparticularlywell together.Thesedetailsareoffered tohelpyougetstartedandnottolimitselection.Gapsinthetableswheremyexperienceandresearchdidnot find a match does not mean that a combination does not work. Let yourintuitionandimaginationguideyou.
Table4.2TheWoodyScentGroup
WoodyScent
WithintheWoodyGroup
NeighboringGroupsSpicyHerbaceous Opposite-GroupFloral
amyris cedarwood,
oakmoss coriander,
ginger
citronella lavandin,palmarosa
birch juniper,pine benzoin,
clove
rosemary jasmine,ylang-ylang
cajeput
cedarwood
clove labdanum,
niaouli geranium,lavender(true)
cedarwood(Atlas) amyris,cypress,vetiver
cardamom,
ginger clarysage,rosemary,yarrow jasmine,lavender(true),palmarosa
cedarwood(Virginia) amyris,patchouli benzoin,
ginger carrot,
citronella lavender(true),palmarosa
cypress juniper,pine benzoin,cardamom clarysage,marjoram lavandin,palmarosa
Table4.2TheWoodyScentGroup(continued)
WoodyScent
WithintheWoodyGroup
NeighboringGroupsSpicyHerbaceous Opposite-GroupFloral
eucalyptus(bluegum)
cajeput,cedarwood,pine
anise sage(Spanish),mugwort,thyme
lavender(true)
fir(balsam)
cedarwood,cypress,juniper
benzoin,tarragon
lavender(spike)
lavender(true)
fir(silver) cedarwood,pine
tarragon labdanum,marjoram lavender(true)
juniper cypress,vetiver benzoin,elemi clarysage,rosemary geranium,lavender(true)
oakmoss
vetiver anise,bay,
ginger clarysage,
teatree palmarosa,ylang-ylang
patchouli cedarwood,sandalwood
clove,snakeroot
angelica,labdanum
geranium,lavender(true),rose
Table4.2TheWoodyScentGroup(continued)
WoodyScent
WithintheWoodyGroup
NeighboringGroupsSpicyHerbaceous Opposite-GroupFloral
pine cajeput,juniper celery,hops sage,savory lavandin,lavender(true)
sandalwood patchouli,vetiver
clove,pepper
clarysage,labdanum
jasmine,lavender,palmarosa
spikenard oakmoss,patchouli,pine
clove,dill
labdanum,lavender(spike)
geranium,rose
spruce cedarwood,pine
benzoin lavender(spike),rosemary lavandin,lavender(true)
valerian patchouli,pine
petitgrain rosemary,yarrow lavender(true)
vetiver patchouli,sandalwood
ginger angelica(seed),yarrow jasmine,rose,ylang-ylang
Table4.3TheHerbaceousScentGroup
HerbaceousScent
WithintheHerbaceousGroup
NeighboringGroupsWoodyCitrus
angelica(root)
clarysage
patchouli lemon,orange
angelica(seed)
clarysage oakmoss,patchouli,vetiver lemon,orange
basil citronella,hyssop,spearmint juniper,
oakmoss bergamot,lime
carrot lavender(spike) cedarwood,cypress bergamot,grapefruit
catnip peppermint,
rosemary eucalyptus(bluegum)
eucalyptus(lemon),lemon,lime
citronella basil,peppermint,sage(common)
cedarwood,pine bergamot,lemon
clarysage
yarrow juniper,pine bergamot,lemon
helichrysum lavender(spike),teatree oakmoss,
vetiver bergamot,lemongrass,litsea
hyssop rosemary,sage(common)
lemonbalm
Table4.3TheHerbaceousScentGroup(continued)
HerbaceousScent
WithintheHerbaceousGroup
NeighboringGroupsWoodyCitrus
labdanum
clarysage patchouli,vetiver
bergamot
lavender(spike) rosemary,sage cedarwood,oakmoss
lemonbalm
marjoram rosemary,teatree cedarwood,cypress
bergamot
mugwort rosemary,sage amyris,patchouli,pine
niaouli basil,teatree cajeput,eucalyptus(bluegum)
lime
oregano citronella,rosemary cedarwood,pine
bergamot
parsley clarysage,teatree
oakmoss
peppermint catnip,marjoram eucalyptus(bluegum)
lemon
Table4.3TheHerbaceousScentGroup(continued)
HerbaceousScent
WithintheHerbaceousGroup
NeighboringGroupsWoodyCitrus
rosemary oregano,thyme
pine lime,litsea
sage(common) clarysage,hyssop
pine
lemon
sage(Spanish)
clarysage cedarwood,juniper savory(summer)
rosemary oakmoss,pine
lemonbalm
savory(winter)
rosemary
pine lemongrass,litsea
spearmint
basil eucalyptus(bluegum)
eucalyptus(lemon),mandarin
tagetes
clarysage
sandalwood bergamot,orange(sweet)
teatree marjoram,niaouli juniper,pine
lemongrass
thyme marjoram,rosemary cedarwood,fir(balsam),pine
bergamot,grapefruit,lemon
yarrow clarysage,hyssop valerian,vetiver
Table4.4TheCitrusScentGroup
CitrusScent
WithintheCitrusGroup
NeighboringGroupsHerbaceousFloral Opposite-GroupSpicy
bergamot lemongrass,litsea basil,tagetes,thyme
cananga,lavandin,rose
dill,myrtle,pepper
eucalyptus(lemon)
grapefruit,mandarin
niaouli,spearmint geranium,palmarosa
dill,elemi
grapefruit bergamot,lemon
rosemary lavender(true),neroli,palmarosa anise,bay,galangal
lemon lemongrass,lime catnip,sage(common)
lavender(true),rose benzoin,elemi,fennel
lemonbalm lime,mandarin clarysage,savory rose(Damask),ylang-ylang dill,hops
Table4.4TheCitrusScentGroup
CitrusScent
WithintheCitrusGroup
NeighboringGroupsHerbaceousFloral Opposite-GroupSpicy
lemongrass bergamot,orange angelica,savory,tagetes
geranium,lavender(true)
coriander,dill
lime lemongrass,orange basil,niaouli jasmine,lavandin myrtle,nutmeg
litsea bergamot,
lemonbalm basil,rosemary lavender(true),ylang-ylang cardamom,ginger,petitgrain
mandarin lemon,orange sage(common) jasmine,rose cinnamon,clove
orange(bitter)
lemon anise,clove,
staranise
orange(sweet)
lemon,lime
labdanum,tagetes
lavender(true),neroli
cinnamon,clove,dill,nutmeg
Table4.5TheFloralScentGroup
FloralScent
WithintheFloralGroup
NeighboringGroupsResinousCitrus Opposite-GroupSpicy
cananga jasmine,lavandin,neroli,rose bergamot,
lemonbalm cardamom,pepper
chamomile(German) geranium,jasmine,neroli
camphor bergamot,lemon benzoin,cumin
chamomile(Roman) jasmine,lavender(true)
camphor,
frankincense
bergamot cumin,tarragon
geranium lavender(true),neroli galbanum,myrrh grapefruit,lemongrass clove,pepper
jasmine chamomile,rose
storax litsea,mandarin benzoin,petitgrain
lavandin geranium,ylang-ylang
storax bergamot,lime bay,cinnamon
Table4.5TheFloralScentGroup
FloralScent
WithintheFloralGroup
NeighboringGroupsResinousCitrus
Opposite-GroupSpicy
lavender(true)
chamomile,neroli,palmarosa,rose
galbanum,myrrh
bergamot,lemon,lime,orange
allspice,staranise,tarragon
neroli jasmine,rose
opopanax lemon,orange coriander,ginger
palmarosa cananga,geranium
storax eucalyptus(lemon),grapefruit cardamom,clove,pepper
rose(Damask) jasmine,lavender(true)
frankincense bergamot,lemonbalm
benzoin,clove,ginger
rose(Maroc) chamomile,ylang-ylang
storax bergamot,lemon benzoin,clove,ginger
ylang-ylang chamomile(German),jasmine
storax lemonbalm,litsea clove,pepper
Table4.6TheResinousScentGroup
ResinousScent
WithintheResinousGroup
NeighboringGroupsFloralSpicy
camphor
frankincense chamomile,lavender(true)
bay,caraway,
ginger
frankincense myrrh,opopanax lavender(true),neroli bay,pepper
galbanum frankincense,storax geranium,lavender(true)
cumin,tarragon
myrrh
frankincense geranium,lavender(true)
benzoin,elemi
opopanax frankincense,myrrh
neroli coriander,lovage
storax
galbanum jasmine,palmarosa,rose
Table4.7TheSpicyScentGroup
SpicyScent
WithintheSpicyGroup
NeighboringGroupsResinousWoody Opposite-GroupCitrus
allspice clove(bud),coriander,ginger
opopanax
patchouli
orange
anise coriander,cumin
oakmoss mandarin,orange
bay cardamom,hops
frankincense cypress,juniper,pine lemon,orange(sweet)
benzoin cassia,petitgrain frankincense,myrrh birch,spruce
lemon
caraway cinnamon,ginger
frankincense orange(sweet)
cardamom fennel,pepper
frankincense cedarwood,patchouli bergamot,mandarin
Table4.7TheSpicyScentGroup(continued)
SpicyScent
WithintheSpicyGroup
NeighboringGroupsResinousWoody Opposite-GroupCitrus
cassia clove,coriander,ginger
frankincense
grapefruit
celery coriander,lovage oakmoss,pine
lemon
cinnamon(bark) benzoin,coriander,elemi
frankincense fir(balsam),spruce mandarin,orange(sweet)
cinnamon(leaf) caraway,clove,coriander
frankincense cedarwood(Atlas),spruce
lemon,orange(sweet)
clove(bud) allspice,bay,nutmeg cajeput,patchouli bergamot,mandarin
clove(leaf) cinnamon(bark),nutmeg
cajeput,sandalwood
grapefruit,orange(sweet)
coriander ginger,petitgrain frankincense,opopanax cypress,pine
bergamot
Table4.7TheSpicyScentGroup(continued)
SpicyScent
WithintheSpicyGroup
NeighboringGroupsResinousWoody Opposite-GroupCitrus
cumin
cardamom
galbanum
dill caraway,elemi,nutmeg
spikenard lemongrass,orange
elemi
nutmeg frankincense,myrrh
juniper lemon,lime,mandarin
fennel(bitter)
pepper
frankincense
lemon
fennel(sweet)
cardamom
sandalwood
lemon
galangal allspice,myrtle
opopanax patchouli,pine lemon,lime,litsea
ginger
coriander
frankincense sandalwood,vetiver lemon,lime,orange
hops bay,myrtle,
nutmeg
pine lemonbalm,litsea
lovage
bay galbanum,opopanax
oakmoss
Table4.7TheSpicyScentGroup(continued)
SpicyScent
WithintheSpicyGroup
NeighboringGroupsResinousWoody Opposite-GroupCitrus
myrtle bay,clove,
ginger fir(balsam) bergamot,lime
nutmeg petitgrain,turmeric
oakmoss lime,mandarin
pepper
coriander
frankincense fir(balsam),juniper grapefruit,lime
petitgrain benzoin,clove
frankincense
valerian bergamot,litsea
snakeroot
coriander oakmoss,patchouli,pine
bergamot
staranise
coriander cedarwood,pine
orange
tarragon
ginger
galbanum fir,juniper,oakmoss,pine
lime
turmeric clove,ginger
labdanum
Sample Blend Using the opposite-group blending method, here’s adown-to-earth yet ethereal combination that I like to use fordreamwork. It containscedarwood, jasmine,andylang-ylang,whicharemembersof thewoodyandfloralscentgroups.All threeoilsareassociated with dreamwork and peace. In addition, cedarwood andjasmine are associated with spirits, and ylang-ylang withcommunicatingwiththem.
Galadriel’sDreamCedarwood:5dropsYlang-ylang:4dropsJasmine:1drop
OnesystemforclassifyingscentsthatIdidnotincludeatthebeginningofthischapterwasdevisedbyG.W.SeptimusPiesseandexplainedinhisbookTheArtof Perfumery (1855). In it he equated fragranceswithmusical octaves,whichmay seem rather curious but is popular for blending essential oils. We willexplorethismethodinthenextchapter.
[contents]
14.Gilbert,WhattheNoseKnows,18.15.Groom,TheNewPerfumeHandbook,262.16.Lawless,IllustratedEncyclopediaofEssentialOils,44.
CHAPTER5
BlendingbyPerfumeNoteScentsandMusicalNotes
As mentioned at the end of the last chapter, British analytical chemist andperfumerG.W.SeptimusPiesse (1820–1882)devised amethod for classifyingscents according to musical scales. As he explained in his book The Art ofPerfumery,thismethodwasbasedonhisbeliefthatsoundandsmellformalinkinthebrain.Assigningfragrancestocertainnotesallowedtheperfumertocreatewhat he called harmonious scents. For example, a C chord would result in ablend of sandalwood, geranium, acacia, neroli, and camphor. Piesse’s sonCharlesissometimescreditedwithdevisingthissystem,becauseaseditorofthebook he removed Septimus’s name from subsequent editions after his father’sdeath.17
Needlesstosay,Piesse’ssystemwascomplex,andtheconceptwasnotwidelyuseduntilWilliamArthurPoucher(1891–1988)simplifieditintothreenotes.Aresearch chemist and chief perfumer at Yardley of London, Poucher began toclassifyscentsbasedon their ratesofvolatility.HisbookPerfumes,CosmeticsandSoapshasbeeninprintsince1923andisstillaclassicreferenceinthefieldofcosmetics.Inthismethod,essentialoilsareassignedtooneofthethreenotesbased on their dominant characteristic and rate of evaporation. The notes aremostoftencalledtop,middle,andbase.Thetopnoteisalsocalledthehead,orpeak,note.Itisthecomponentthatis
firstdetected,usuallythestrongest,butithasthefastestevaporationrate,lasting10minutestoseveralhours.Thetopnoteleadstheway,butthengiveswayfortheotherscentstotakeover.Themiddlenoteisalsocalledtheheartormodifier.The middle note is usually detectable 10 to 45 minutes after the perfume isappliedandcan lastseveralhours toseveraldays.Thebasenote isalsocalledthe fixative,orbody,note. Itspurpose is toslowtherateofevaporationof thetopnoteandtoactasananchortoholdthefragrancetogether.Abase-notescent
canlastseveraldaystooveraweek.Workingtogether, thetopnoteintroducesthescent,andthemiddleandbasenotescreatethecoreofablend.Mixinganoilfromeachofthethreecategoriescreatesawell-roundedblendthatunfoldsovertime.
BlendingwithNotesWorking with three notes is the theory, but not all oils fit neatly into onecategory.Someoilsarecomplex,inthattheycanfunctionasmorethanonenote.Angelicaseedoilisanexample,andalthoughitisoftenclassifiedasatopnote,itismoreinbetweentopandmiddle.Inadditiontofunctioningaseithernote,anin-betweenoillikethisworkswellasabridgesmoothingtheseparatenotesinablend.Intables5.1and5.2,Ihaveincludedthecategoriesofmiddletotopandmiddle to base.Oils listed thisway can serve as either note dependingon theotheroilswithwhichyouwanttoblendthem.Forexample,inablendofylang-ylang, lavender, and mandarin, ylang-ylang, with its middle-to-base range,functionsasthebasenote.Of course, in addition to creating nice-smelling blends, we have the extra
dimensionofmagical intentions to consider.Becauseof this, using the classictop, middle, and base notes should be thought of as a basic roadmap. Forexample, I canplanablendwith rosemary,nutmeg,and jasminebecause theysuitmyintentionforclarityandprotectionindreamworkaswellasabasicrangeofthreenotes:middletop,middle,andmiddlebase,respectively.Ablendwithpetitgrain,pine,andlavender—top,middletop,andmiddlenotes,respectively—shiftsthescaleupwardbutstillmaintainsathree-notespread.Don’tbeafraidtoexperimentwiththenoteranges,havefun,andexplore;youwillberewarded.Wherenecessary toavoidconfusion, Ihavemaintaineddetails todistinguish
betweenthespeciesofplants,suchasspikeandtruelavender,becausetheyhavedifferent notes.Likewise for angelica seed and root oils and a fewothers thatalso have different perfume notes. In the case of eucalyptus and fir, wherespecieshavethesamenote—middletopforbluegumandlemoneucalyptusandmiddleforbalsamandsilverfir—itshouldbeunderstoodthatthesingleentryofeucalyptusorfirappliestobothoftheirrespectivespecies.ToconservespaceIhave abbreviated some of the details, especially in table 5.1. For example,insteadofchamomile(German),chamomile (Roman),cedarwood(Virginia),oreucalyptus (lemon), you will find chamomile (G), chamomile (R), cedarwood(V),andeucalyptus(l).
Table5.1PerfumeNotesofEssentialOils
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
anise
bergamot
cassiafennel(sweet)hyssoplavender(spike)lemon
lime
mandarinorange(bitter)peppermint
petitgrainrose(Damask)sage(common)spearmint
spruce
yarrow angelica(seed)basil
bay
cajeput
camphor
catnip
celery
citronella
eucalyptus
grapefruit
lavandin
lemongrass
litsealovage(leaf/stalk)myrtle
pine
rosemary
tagetes
teatree
thyme
allspice
caraway
cardamom
carrotchamomile(R)cinnamon
clove
coriander
cumin
dill
elemifennel(bitter)fir
galangal
galbanum
geranium
ginger
hops
juniperlavender(true)
angelica(root)benzoin
cananga
cedarwoodchamomile(G)clarysage
cypress
helichrysum
jasminelovage(root)pepperrose(Maroc)ylang-ylang
amyris
birch
frankincense
labdanum
myrrh
oakmoss
patchouli
sandalwood
spikenard
storax
turmeric
valerian
vetiver
Table5.1PerfumeNotesofEssentialOils(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
orange(sweet)oregano
palmarosa
parsleysage(Spanish)savory
staranise
lemonbalm
marjoram
mugwort
neroli
niaouli
nutmeg
Whenyoubeginmixingwiththismethod,itisbesttokeepitsimplebyusingonlythreeoilsinablend.Inthiswayyouwilllearnhoweachoilfunctionsasitsintendednoteandyouwillbebetterpositionedtocombinemultipleoilsof thesamenoteinmorecomplexblends.Unlikethebotanicalfamilyandscent-groupblendingmethods,whereoilshavesimilarconstituentsandwillgenerallyblendwelltogether,thismethodhasmorechanceoferror.Becauseofthis,thetrialtestwithcottonswabsorblotterstripsbeforeactuallymixingtheoilscanbehelpfultocatchalessthandesirableblend.However,ifyou’reonthefenceandnotsureifablendwouldwork,goaheadandtryitbecauseitmayreallyblossomwhenitmatures.The situation to avoidmixingoils iswhenyour reaction to the swabtestis,“Wow,thisisnotgoingtowork.”Thesimpleruleofthumbforblendingbyperfumenoteis3-2-1:threedropsof
thetopnote,twoofthemiddlenote,andonedropofthebasenote.Eventhoughthetopnotemaybestrong,itismorefleetingandcanworkinagreateramount.However,whenatopnoteisparticularlystrong,proceedasyouwouldwiththeothermethodsbyaddingonedropofeachoilatatime.Onceyouhaveonedropofall threenotes, addonedropofyourmiddlenoteand thenoneofyour topnote.Ifallseemswell,addonemoreofyourtopnote.Sometimes you may find that a reverse formula is more to your liking,
especially if you want to emphasize the lower note. Follow your nose andproceedslowlywhenaddingdropsasyouworkoutyourblend.Whenyouarehappywith the results, follow the sameprocedure as detailed in chapter 2 forassessingandallowingtheblendtomature.Someindividualoilsbecomedeeperandricherovertime,whichwillfurtherenhancethedevelopmentoftheblend.Theseoilsincludefrankincense,jasmine,patchouli,rose,andsandalwood.Aswithallmethods,thisisastartingpoint.Aftercreatingacoupleofblends
withthreeoils,youmaywanttoexperimentbydoublingthenumberofoilsforeachnote.Oilsthatseemtotakeoverablendcanbetemperedwithotherssuchaspepper, lemon,orgeranium to createmoreof abalance.Youwill also findthatanemphasisonbasenotescancreateamorespicyorearthyblend.While
lavenderandsandalwoodareawonderfulandtraditionalcombination,youcanjazz up this mix by adding a lemon top note. In addition, lavender andsandalwoodcanbeusedtoenhanceandbringoutthebeautyofotheroils,whilerosemaryandmarjoramcanhelpsmoothablend.Ofcourse,theoilsyouuseforablendwillalsodependonhowtheyfitwith
yourpurpose.Aswithblendingbybotanicalfamily,youmayfindthatyouneedtoincludesupportiveintentionsandpowerswhenoilsforallthreenotesdonotsharethesameassociations.EachrowinTable5.2highlightsoneoil (inboldunderline),which is listed
underitscorrectperfume-notecolumn.Theotheroils intherowarethosethatblend well with the highlighted oil. The oils are listed alphabetically downthrough the table. As in other chapters, this table provides a sampling ofcombinationstohelpyougetstartedandcontainssomeabbreviations.
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
lavender(spike),orange(bitter)
bay
Allspiceclove(bud),neroli
pepper,ylang-ylang
labdanum,patchouli
bergamot,
spruce citronella,
lavandin lavender(true),ginger,palmarosa
cedarwood
Amyris
oakmoss
lavender(spike),lemon cajeput,
lemongrass coriander,lavender(true)
Angelica(root)clarysage
patchouli
bergamot Angelica(seed)lemongrass,pine
geranium
mugwort cedarwood,
clarysage oakmoss,patchouli,vetiver
Anise
mandarin eucalyptus(bg),grapefruit cardamom,carrot,coriander
angelica(root),rose(Maroc)
oakmoss
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
bergamot,hyssop,lime
Basil
citronella geranium,opopanax
clarysage
oakmoss
lemon
Baypine,rosemary
lavender(true),orange(sweet) cypress,lovage(root)
frankincense,labdanum
cassia,lemon,rose(Damask)
grapefruit fir(balsam),neroli
Benzoin
jasmine birch,myrrh
Bergamotpetitgrain,rose
(D)
basil,grapefruit,lavandin,tagetes
dill,juniper,neroli,
opopanax
chamomile(G),pepper
patchouli
pine,rosemary clove,juniper benzoin,jasmine,ylang-ylang
Birch
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
bergamot,lavender(spike)
Cajeputpine,rosemary
lavender(true),niaouli cedarwood,ylang-ylang
labdanum
Camphorbay,cajeput
caraway,ginger,lavender(true)
chamomile(G)
frankincense
bergamot,rose(Damask)
citronella,
lavandin cardamom,lemonbalm,neroli
Canangajasmine,pepper
labdanum,oakmoss
anise,cassia
basil
Carawayorange(sweet)
chamomile(G)
frankincense
cassia,mandarin,
neroli
bay
Cardamomginger,parsley
cedarwood,ylang-ylang
frankincense,patchouli
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
bergamot,lavender(spike),lime
grapefruit
Carrotcumin,geranium
cedarwood,cypress
frankincense
Cassia grapefruit,lavandin,rosemary clove,ginger,lavender(true)
benzoin
frankincense
lemon,lime,peppermint
Catnip
eucalyptus cardamom,
lemonbalm
myrrh
bergamot,spruce,yarrow
citronella,
rosemary fir(balsam),juniper,palmarosa Cedarwood(A)
jasmine amyris,vetiver
rose(Damask) citronella,
rosemary lavender(true),palmarosa Cedarwood(V)benzoin,cypress
amyris,
patchouli
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
lemon
Celerypine,teatree
coriander,lavender(true)
lovage(root)
oakmoss
bergamot,lemon camphor,
teatree geranium,lavender(true),neroli Chamomile(G)benzoin,jasmine
patchouli
bergamot,rose(Damask)
camphor,
teatree Chamomile(R)cumin,tarragon
clarysage,rose(Maroc)
frankincense
mandarin,orange(sweet),spruce lavandin,
thyme Cinnamon(bark)clove,elemi
benzoin,fir(balsam)
frankincense
lemon,spruce rosemary,
thyme Cinnamon(leaf)clove,neroli
cedarwood(Atlas),ylang-ylang
frankincense
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
bergamot,lemon,
peppermint
Citronellabasil,pine
coriander,
geranium
cedarwood
amyris
hyssop,sage(common),yarrow basil,lavandin,pine,tagetes
lavender(true),sage(Spanish)
ClarySagecypress,jasmine
frankincense,
sandalwood
mandarin,rose(Damask)
bay,cajeput,myrtle,teatree Clove(bud)
allspice rose(Maroc),ylang-ylang
patchouli
cassia,
peppermint cajeput,grapefruit,lavandin Clove(leaf)
nutmeg clarysage,rose(Maroc)
sandalwood
bergamot,petitgrain celery,pine,
tagetes
Corianderneroli,opopanax
cypress,jasmine amyris,
frankincense
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
anise lavandin,
rosemary
Cumin
galbanum chamomile(G)
lemon bay,lavandin,pine
marjoram,palmarosa
Cypressbenzoin,clarysage
sandalwood
bergamot,lemon,
spearmint eucalyptus(l)lemongrass
Dillelemi,nutmeg
pepper
spikenard
lime,mandarin,sage(common)
eucalyptus(l)rosemary
Elemilavender(true)
pepper frankincense,myrrh
lavender(spike),lemon Eucalyptus(bg)pine,thyme
lavender(true),marjoram
cedarwood
oakmoss
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
lemon,spearmint,rose(Damask) Eucalyptus(l)
pine geranium,palmarosa jasmine,rose(Maroc)
frankincense
bergamot,
lemon
basil Fennel(bitter)
marjoram
pepper
frankincense
Fennel(sweet)anise,lemon
basil cardamom,geranium,parsley rose(Maroc)
sandalwood
lavender(spike),peppermint
pine Fir(balsam)lavender(true)
benzoin,cedarwood
sandalwood
fennel(sweet),lemon pine,
rosemary Fir(silver)galbanum benzoin,
cedarwood
labdanum
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
bergamot,orange(bitter)
bay,basil,camphor
elemi,neroli,opopanax
angelica(root),benzoin,pepper
Frankincense
myrrh
lemon,lime,sage(common)
lavandin,litsea,myrtle
Galangalallspice,parsley
patchouli
spruce
pine Galbanumgeranium,tarragon lovage(root) frankincense,storax
bergamot,rose(Damask)
grapefruit,lemongrass
Geraniumclove,neroli
rose(Maroc),pepper myrrh,
patchouli
lemon,lime,rose(Damask)
litsea
Gingerorange(sweet)
rose(Maroc)
vetiver
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
anise,bergamot,lemon
Grapefruitbay,rosemary
galangal,neroli,palmarosa
cypress
frankincense
lavender(spike),lemon, lemongrass,
litsea chamomile(R)
Helichrysumrose(Maroc)
labdanum,oakmoss,vetiver
lemon bay,litsea,pine
Hopslemonbalm,nutmeg
Hyssop
bergamot bay,myrtle,rosemary geranium,lavender(true)
clarysage lime,petitgrain,rose,spearmint
eucalyptus(l),litsea chamomile(R),coriander
Jasminecedarwood(Atlas)
birch,storax,vetiver
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
bergamot,
lemon pine,
rosemary
Juniperfir,geranium
benzoin,
clarysage
vetiver
bergamot,lemon,lime
bay,cajeput,
lavandin juniper,
opopanax clarysage,
helichrysum
Labdanumfrankincense
bergamot,lime,spruce
Lavandinbay,rosemary
cinnamon,
oregano cypress,ylang-ylang
amyris,
storax
Lavender(spike)
petitgrain eucalyptus,pine,rosemary
clove,
lemonbalm cedarwood,rose(Maroc)
oakmoss,
patchouli
cassia,lemon,lime,peppermint
bay,celery,litsea,myrtle
Lavender(true)elemi,palmarosa
cedarwood,
clarysage galbanum,myrrh,patchouli,vetiver
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
Lemonfennel(sweet)
bay,catnip,
eucalyptus chamomile(R),neroli
benzoin,ylang-ylang
frankincense,sandalwood
lime,petitgrain,rose(Damask)
lavandin,
thyme
LemonBalmdill,savory
clarysage,
jasmine
frankincense
bergamot,lime
Lemongrass
tagetes lavender(true),orange(sweet) angelica(root),cedarwood
Limebergamot,lemon
basil,citronella,rosemary niaouli,nutmeg clarysage,
jasmine
oakmoss
bergamot,petitgrain
Litseabasil,rosemary
ginger,lavender(true)
cedarwood,ylang-ylang
frankincense
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
rose(Damask)
Lovage(leaf&stalk)
galbanum,opopanax rose(Maroc)
oakmoss
bay,celery,lavandin galbanum,opopanax Lovage(root)
oakmoss
Mandarinrose(Damask)
eucalyptus(lemon) cinnamon(bark),clove,nutmeg jasmine,ylang-ylang
myrrh,
sandalwood
bergamot,peppermint eucalyptus(bg),teatree
Marjoramfir(silver)
cedarwood,chamomile(G)
sage(common) angelica(seed),pine,rosemary
Mugwortclove,juniper
angelica(root),clarysage amyris,
patchouli
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
mandarin,spearmint,yarrow catnip,pine,thyme
elemi,juniper,lavender(true)
benzoin
Myrrh
sandalwood
bergamot,hyssop,yarrow
Myrtlebay,lavandin
clove,galangal,ginger,parsley
clarysage
turmeric
lemon,rose(Damask)
grapefruit
Neroliallspice,geranium
benzoin,
clarysage
frankincense
fennel(sweet),lime,peppermint basil,cajeput,myrtle
Niaoulilavender(true)
mandarin,petitgrain bay,rosemary
Nutmegclove,geranium
clarysage oakmoss,
turmeric
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
anise,lime bay,eucalyptus(bluegum) ginger,orange(sweet)
clarysage,ylang-ylang
Oakmoss
vetiver
bergamot basil,lovage(leaf&stalk)
Opopanaxcoriander,fir
clarysage,lovage(root)
labdanum,
vetiver
Orange(bitter)anise,lemon
lemongrass nutmeg,orange(sweet)
cypress
myrrh
lemon,lime,sage(common)
citronella,
tagetes Orange(sweet)cinnamon,ginger
clarysage labdanum,myrrh,oakmoss
lavender(spike) camphor,lavandin,pine
Oregano cedarwood,
cypress
oakmoss
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
rose(Damask) lavandin,grapefruit
Palmarosa
geranium cananga,
cypress amyris,sandalwood
anise,rose(Damask)
myrtle,
teatree
Parsleycoriander,cumin
clarysage,ylang-ylang
oakmoss
bergamot,rose(Damask)
angelica(seed),lavandin geranium,lavender(true)
angelica(root),clarysage
Patchouli
myrrh
lime,rose(Damask)
lavandin,
rosemary lavender(true),marjoram
Pepperrose(Maroc)
frankincense,sandalwood
Peppermintlemon,spearmint
catnip,citronella,
rosemary lavender(true),marjoram
benzoin
myrrh
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
Petitgrainlavender(spike)
litsea,rosemary,
teatree carrot,neroli,
palmarosa benzoin,clarysage,jasmine frankincense,
valerian
lemon,sage(common)
Pinecajeput,teatree
lavender(true),mugwort,savory cedarwood,cypress birch,
spikenard
Rose(Damask)bergamot,lemon
litsea,lovage
(leaf/stalk)
chamomile(Roman),neroli clarysage,
jasmine frankincense,sandalwood
anise,bergamot,
lemon litsea,tagetes clove,ginger,lavender(true)
Rose(Maroc)benzoin,pepper
patchouli,sandalwood
cassia,lime,
peppermint
Rosemarybay,pine,thyme
cumin,elemi,mugwort,oregano
cedarwood(Atlas),pepper frankincense,labdanum
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
Sage(common)hyssop,lemon
grapefruit,lavandin,pine lavender(true),orange(sweet) clarysage,
pepper lavender(spike) eucalyptus(bg),pine,rosemary Sage(Spanish)
elemi,gingercedarwood,
clarysage bergamot,
fennel(sweet)
grapefruit geranium,palmarosa benzoin,jasmine,rose(Maroc)
Sandalwood
vetiver
lemon,lime pine,lavandin,
rosemary Savory(summer)lavender(true)
oakmoss
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
bergamot,lime lemongrass,pine,rosemary
Savory(winter)orange(sweet)
oakmoss
Spearmint
mandarin basil,lavandin dill,lavender(true)
jasmine
myrrh
lavender(spike),petitgrain bay,pine dill,geranium,lavender(true)
clarysage,rose(Maroc)
Spikenard
labdanum
Spruce lavandin,pine,rosemary
galbanum,lavender(true) benzoin,cedarwood amyris,
oakmoss
rose(Damask) lavandin,
pine
StarAniseorange(sweet)
rose(Maroc),ylang-ylang
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
rose(Damask)
lavandin galbanum,lavender(true) jasmine,ylang-ylang
Storax
mandarin,petitgrain
Tagetesgrapefruit,litsea
lavender(true),orange(sweet) clarysage,jasmine,rose(M)
frankincense
lime basil,pine
Tarragon
galbanum chamomile(G) labdanum,oakmoss
petitgrain
TeaTreepine,rosemary
cinnamon,clove,ginger
clarysage,ylang-ylang
oakmoss
bergamot,
lemon
Thymepine,rosemary
fir(balsam),lavender(true)
pepper myrrh,
turmeric
Table5.2OilsthatCombineWellAccordingtoPerfumeNote(continued)
Top
MiddletoTop
Middle
MiddletoBase
Base
myrtle,thyme clove,ginger,nutmeg clarysage,ylang-ylang
Turmeric
labdanum
mandarin,petitgrain pine,
rosemary lavender(true)
cedarwood
Valerian
patchouli
rose(Damask),yarrow angelica(seed) ginger,lavender(true)
clarysage,
jasmine
Vetiver
sandalwood
Yarrow
hyssop myrtle,pine chamomile(R) cedarwood,
clarysage myrrh,oakmoss,
vetiver
bergamot,lemon,
mandarin cajeput,lavandin,litsea,teatree allspice,neroli,palmarosa Ylang-Ylang
jasmine birch,oakmoss,
sandalwood
Sample Blend I like to use this blend for divination, working withastralfamiliars,oranytimeIfeeltheneedforsupportinfocusingmymind and energies. All three oils—bergamot, geranium, and clarysage—helpsustainconcentration.Geraniumsupportspsychicenergyandwork in theastralrealm;bergamotbringspsychicprotectionaswellasheightenedawarenessandcommunicationwithspirits.Clarysage, which I use as the base note in this blend, supports psychicabilities,divination,andclairvoyance.Itisalsoassociatedwithtruth,whichbringsasenseofauthenticity.
PsychicFocusBlendBergamot:7dropsClarysage:4dropsGeranium:3dropsInthenextchapter
we will explore a method of blending based onmy own exploration into thePagansymbolismofthevariouspartsofplants.
[contents]
17.MacEwan,Chemist&Druggist,152.
CHAPTER6
AsAbove,SoBelow
Themorphological mixing of herbs was a common practice amongmedievalherbalists,whobelievedthatdifferentpartsofplantsserveddifferentpurposes.Inritualandmagicwork,weoftenusevariouspartsofplantsbecauseof theirsymbolism,whichinturnenhancestheenergyandpowerofourintentions.Itdidnottakeanystretchoftheimaginationformetoseethatusinganessentialoilorblendofoilsinplaceofanactualpieceofplantwouldworkjustaswell.From below the earth, roots keep our energy grounded and give our work
stability. Wood and bark represent the middle or center, giving us balance,helping us grow, and providing protective energy. Resins represent life-givingbloodandvitality,providingcontrol, and thepower toheal.Leaves symbolizegrowth and expansion and can be used as an aid in developing our purposes.Flowers represent beauty, fertility, and sexuality. With the base word fruit,fruitionmeanscompletionorculmination,andsoapieceoffruitsymbolizesthemanifestationofintentionsordesires.Alsosymbolizingabundance,fruitcanbeusedtoamplifyorincreaseenergies.Seedsandnutsrepresentthebeginningsofthings and canbe instrumentalwhen encouraging somethingnew inour lives.They also represent duality, such as the alternation between life and death orlightanddark.Becauseof this theycanprovidebalance, embodychange, andrepresentcycles.Justaswecanuseanacorn to symbolizebeginningsand thepromiseof the
future, or an apple to represent abundance, so too can we use essential oils,becausemostareproducedfromspecificpartsofplants.Whilesingleoilsworkwellforthis,creatingblendscanamplifyenergyandboostintentions,whichiswhy I devised this method. And of course, it’s always fun to create newmixtures.While the individual categories are fairly straightforward, I found itusefultocombinethemintotwolargergroupsthatIcallAsAboveandSoBelow.While using these larger groupings expands thenumberof oils fromwhich to
choose, they alsoprovide abroader levelof energetic support.For example, acombinationofrootandwoodoilscanformapowerfulgroundingandcenteringblendforuseafterritual.Aleafandfruitoilcombinationcanbeusedtomanifestpurpose.Let’stakealookattheplant-partclassifications.
Figure6.1TheAsAbove/SoBelowcategoriesofoils.
The major groups of As Above and So Below are each divided into threecategoriesplusonesubcategory.CategoriesintheSoBelowgroupincluderoots,wood and bark, and resins. The resins category actually consists of resins,oleoresins, and gums. The subcategory in the So Below group is twigs andleaves.Whiletheseoilsareproducedpartlyfromleaves,anAsAbovecategory,I felt that the bark and woody parts of twigs would make these moreenergetically suitable for the So Below group. However, you may want toexperimenttoseewheretheseoilsfitbestforyou.ThegeneralattributesoftheSo Below group are: Roots: grounding, stability, longevity, secrets, theOtherworld/UnderworldResins:vitality,healing,control,spiritualityWoodandbark:protection,growth,balance/center,strengthTwigsandleaves:leavesaddenergy to wood and bark attributes The categories in the As Above groupinclude leaves, flowers, and fruit,with the subcategory of leaves and flowers.The general attributes of the As Above group are: Leaves: energy, growth,purpose Flowers: beauty, attraction, sex, fertility Leaves and flowers: acombination of these categories Fruit: manifestation, success, abundance,increase Straddling theworlds ofAsAbove and SoBelow is the category ofseeds,which includesnuts. Ihavefound that theseoils functionwellwithandsupport the energy of both the As Above and So Below groups. In addition,
seedsprovideawheel-of-the-yearcontinuitythatunderliesoursabbatandesbatrituals. The general attributes of seeds are beginnings, changes, cycles, andbalance/duality.Parts of plants and their respective essential oils also relate to the elements:
Air:leaves,flowers,leavesandflowersWater:fruit,resinsEarth:roots,woodandbark,twigsandleavesFire:seeds
At first we may think of seeds as being associated with the element earthbecausetheyrestintheground;however,theyholdthefire/sparkoflifethatsetsthecycleinmotion.Likewise,wemaythinkofwoodrelatingtofire,yetwhileatreeisaliveitisconnectedwiththeearth—thinkofwoodsy/earthyscents.
Figure6.2Plantpartsandtheelements.
Therearethreewaystocreateablendwiththismethod:•Useoilsofthesameplantpart•UseoilsofmultipleplantpartsfromeithertheAsAboveorSoBelowgroups
•Balance several oils from both groupsKeep inmind that even two oils cancreateanicemixthatwillenhanceyourwork.Inmanyinstancesyouwillnoticethat plant parts often coincide with scent groups, something to keep in mindwhileplanning.Thetablesinthischapterprovidedetailsaboutwhichoilsblendwelltogetherwithintheirplant-partcategoriesandgroup,aswellasoilsintheoppositegroup.Aswith theblendingmethods in thepreviouschapters, followthesameproceduresformixingandassessingyouroilcombinations.Throughout this chapter it should be understood that oils produced from
different parts of the same plant are listed in their respective categories. For
example,oil isproducedfromboth therootsandseedsofangelica,andwherethisplantislistedintherootscategoryitreferstoangelicarootoilandsoforth.Inthecaseofsandalwood,whichisproducedfromacombinationofrootsandwood,youwillfinditinbothcategories.Wherenecessarytoavoidconfusion,Ihavemaintaineddetails todistinguishbetweenbalsamandsilver firanda fewothers. To conserve space I have abbreviated details. For example, Atlas andVirginiacedarwood,andlemonandbluegumeucalyptus,areshownsimplyascedarwood(A)oreucalyptus(bg).EachtableinthischapterisdividedbetweenAsAbove andSoBelow, and lists their respective oils.Even though seeds fitintobothgroups, theyare listedonce ineach tablewherespaceallows,whichshouldnotbeconstruedastheirbelongingtoonlyonegroup.Now,let’stakealookattheoilsineachcategoryalongwiththepowersoftheirplantparts.
The“SoBelow”Oils
RootsResiding under the earth, roots are the most natural plant part for groundingenergy and providing stability. Blends from this category can aid us duringpsychic or astralwork aswell as post-ritual grounding of energy.Roots are asymbol of longevity, and they encourage us to hold secrets when bidden. Inaddition, roots offer access to the Underworld, making these oils useful forconnecting with ancestors, other spirits, or chthonic deities. As a result, aSamhainblendoftheseoilscanbeverypowerful.Roots combined with wood and bark oils can add protection during
OtherworldorUnderworldcontact.Resinoilsbringvitalitytolongevity,andthetwigsandleavesoilscanaddenergytoallendeavors.CombiningrootoilswithAsAboveoilsenhances theirpowers.Rootskeepusgroundedasweseekourtrue purpose in life and lend stability. The energy of beauty from flowers canbenefitfromthelongevityofroots.
Table6.1.aRootsandSoBelowOils
Roots
OtherRoots
WoodandBark
Resin
TwigsandLeaves
Seeds
angelica
cedarwood
frankincense
pine
coriander
galangal
cinnamon
opopanax
pine
parsley
ginger
vetiver
sandalwood
frankincense eucalyptus(l)
coriander
lovage
galbanum
bay
celery
sandalwood
ginger
myrrh
cypress
snakeroot
vetiver
sandalwood
pine
coriander
spikenard
vetiver
frankincense
cypress
dill
turmeric
ginger
labdanum
nutmeg
valerian
cedarwood
petitgrain
vetiver
spikenard
sandalwood
opopanax
angelica
Table6.1.bRootsandAsAboveOils
Roots
Leaves
Flowers
LeavesandFlowers
Fruit
angelica
patchouli
lavender
clarysage
lemon
galangal
myrtle
lavandin
rosemary
lemon
ginger
cinnamon
neroli
orange
lovage
lavandin
sandalwood
palmarosa
jasmine
clarysage
lemon
snakeroot
patchouli
clarysage
bergamot
spikenard
patchouli
lavender
clarysage
juniper
turmeric
clove ylang-ylang
clarysage
valerian
patchouli
lavender
rosemary
mandarin
vetiver
patchouli
rose
clarysage
Table6.2.aResinsandSoBelowOils
Resins
OtherResins
WoodandBark
Roots
TwigsandLeaves
Seeds
benzoin
myrrh
cassia
sandalwood
cypress
coriander
elemi
frankincense
cinnamon eucalyptus(l)
nutmeg
fir(balsam)
benzoin
cedarwood
sandalwood
cypress
frankincense
opopanax
camphor
angelica
bay
caraway
galbanum
storax
lovage
pine
cumin
labdanum
frankincense
sandalwood
vetiver
cypress fir(silver)
myrrh
elemi
sandalwood
angelica
pine
opopanax
labdanum
sandalwood
vetiver fir(silver)
coriander
storax
galbanum
cedarwood
ResinsWhether they are somewhat liquid or viscous, I think of resins, gums, andoleoresinsasthelifebloodofplantssupplyingvitalityandadministeringhealing.Theyalsoembodyspiritualityandaidusintappingintothatlevelofenergyformeaningful ritual.Quite naturally,many of these aremembers of the resinousscentgroup.Resins combinedwithotherSoBelowoils addvitality andvigorwhereneeded.Theirhealingaspectcanencouragethelongevityofrootoilsandworkinsynergywithwoodandbark’sstrength.WiththeAsAboveoils,resinsaddvitality to theenergyandgrowthof leaves.Theyalsobringanelementofcontrol, which can be helpful when dealingwith attraction, especially sexual.Controlmightalsobewarrantedtokeepoverambitiousmanifestationincheck.
Table6.2.bResinsandAsAboveOils
Resins
Leaves
Flowers
LeavesandFlowers
Fruit
benzoin
patchouli
jasmine
lemon
elemi
sage
lavender
rosemary
lime
fir(balsam)
tarragon
lavender
peppermint
juniper
frankincense
cinnamon
neroli
basil
orange
galbanum
tarragon
lavender
juniper
labdanum
patchouli
lavandin
clarysage
bergamot
myrrh
patchouli
peppermint
thyme
mandarin
opopanax
patchouli
neroli
clarysage
bergamot
storax
palmarosa
rose
Table6.3.aWoodandBarkandSoBelowOils
WoodandBark
OtherWoodandBark
Resins
Roots
TwigsandLeaves
Seeds
amyris
cedarwood
ginger
spruce
coriander
camphor
frankincense
ginger
cajeput
caraway
cassia
cinnamon
benzoin
ginger
cardamom
cedarwood(A)
amyris
frankincense
vetiver
cypress
carrot
cedarwood(V)
amyris
benzoin
cypress
carrot
cinnamon
cassia
elemi
galangal
spruce
caraway
sandalwood
myrrh
cypress
coriander
WoodandBarkSturdywoodandbarkfromtreesandthewoodypartsof other plants provide protection. As a result, these oils areparticularly potent in blends for this intention. Wood and bark arealsoagaugeofgrowthandcanaidusinmanifestingoursonvariouslevels: social, emotional, and spiritual. These parts of plants alsoprovidebalancebybeingatthecenterorencirclingitastheybolsterstrength. Wood and bark combined with other So Below oils bringstrength to the stability of root oils. The growth and protectionattributesofwoodandbarkoilsgiveapotentboosttothehealingofresins,whiletheenergyofthetwigsandleavesoilsaugmentalltheirpowers. With the As Above oils, the growth of wood and barkcomplements and amplifies the growth of leaves. Keeping centeredand balanced can be valuable in matters of beauty, sex, andattraction,aswellaswhenseekingsuccess.
Table6.3.bWoodandBarkandAsAboveOils
WoodandBark
Leaves
Flowers
LeavesandFlowers
Fruit
amyris
citronella
lavandin
mugwort
bergamot
camphor
chamomile
basil
juniper
cassia
clove
lavender
rosemary
grapefruit
cedarwood(A)
citronella ylang-ylang
clarysage
bergamot
cedarwood(V)
palmarosa
lavender
rosemary
juniper
cinnamon fir(balsam) ylang-ylang
thyme
mandarin
sandalwood
patchouli
jasmine
clarysage
bergamot
Table6.4.aTwigsandLeavesandSoBelowOils
TwigsandLeaves
OtherTwigsandLeaves
Resins
WoodandBark
Roots
Seeds
bay
cypress
frankincense
cedarwood
lovage
cardamom
cajeput
pine
labdanum
camphor
angelica
cypress
bay
benzoin
cedarwood
sandalwood
cardamom
eucalyptus(l)
pine
elemi
ginger
dill
fir(silver)
pine
labdanum
cedarwood
niaouli
cajeput
fennel
petitgrain
teatree
benzoin
cedarwood
valerian
coriander
pine eucalyptus(l)
myrrh
cedarwood
spikenard
celery
spruce
pine
galbanum
cedarwood
teatree
niaouli
cinnamon
ginger
nutmeg
TwigsandLeavesAsasubsetofwoodandbark, theseoilsoffer thesameattributesandpowers,withtheadditionofleafenergy.Closelyalignedwithwoodandbark,thetwigsandleavesoilscanbeusedforthesameintentionsandexponentiallyboosttheenergyofothersintheSoBelowgroup.Twigsandleavesoilsenhanceallaspectsassociatedwithleaves.TheyalsoboosttheenergyoftheAsAboveoils.
Table6.4.bTwigsandLeavesandAsAboveOils
TwigsandLeaves
Leaves
Flowers
LeavesandFlowers
Fruit
bay
patchouli
lavender
clarysage
juniper
cajeput eucalyptus(bg)
lavender
basil
bergamot
cypress
palmarosa
lavandin
clarysage
lemon
eucalyptus(l)
palmarosa
spearmint
thyme
orange
fir(silver)
tarragon
lavender
marjoram
lemon
niaouli
myrtle
peppermint
basil
lime
petitgrain
palmarosa
jasmine
rosemary
bergamot
pine
sage
lavender
thyme
juniper
spruce
lavandin
clarysage
orange
teatree
lemongrass ylang-ylang
marjoram
juniper
Table6.5.aLeavesandAsAboveOils
Leaves
OtherLeaves
Flowers
LeavesandFlowers
Fruit
Seeds
allspice
patchouli
neroli
orange
coriander
birch
clove
jasmine
rosemary
juniper
cassia
clove
lavender
rosemary
grapefruit
coriander
cinnamon
clove ylang-ylang
rosemary
orange
caraway
citronella sage(common)
lavandin
basil
bergamot
coriander
clove
cassia
peppermint
clarysage
grapefruit
nutmeg
dill
lemongrass
spearmint
lemonbalm
orange
cardamom
eucalyptus(bg) sage(Spanish)
lavender
mugwort
lemon
anise
Table6.5.aLeavesandAsAboveOilscontinued
Leaves
OtherLeaves
Flowers
LeavesandFlowers
Fruit
Seeds
fir(balsam)
tarragon
lavender
juniper
coriander
lemongrass
dill
lavender
tagetes
bergamot
myrtle
clove
lavandin
hyssop
lime
palmarosa
clove
cananga
lemonbalm
grapefruit
cardamom
patchouli
allspice
rose
clarysage
bergamot
angelica
sage(common)
lavandin
hyssop
lemon sage(Spanish) eucalyptus(bg)
lavender
mugwort
juniper
tarragon fir(silver)
chamomile
basil
juniper
carrot
The“AsAbove”Oils
LeavesFromthetimetheyburstforthinthespringuntilthewindwhisksthemawayinthe autumn, leaves enfold the world with aerial enchantment. Personifyingenergy and growth, leaves give our magic and personal endeavors anencouragingboost.Inaddition,oilsproducedfromleavesareparticularlyhelpfulwhenseekinganddevelopingourtruepurposeinlife.LeavesaddenergytootherAsAboveoils.Whencombinedwithflowers,their
growth aspect enhancesbeauty and amplifies attraction.With fruit oils, leavesintensify andmultiply intentions,making it important touse these judiciously.FortheSoBelowoils,leavesbringtheirenergytothelongevityandstabilityofroots. The growth aspect of leaves complements that of wood and bark andenhances their strength. Being partially of leaves, the twigs and leaves oilsbenefitfromallaspectsofleaves.
Table6.5.bLeavesandSoBelowOils
Leaves
Roots
Resins
WoodandBark
TwigsandLeaves
allspice
ginger
opopanax
bay
birch
benzoin
pine
cassia
ginger
frankincense
cinnamon
ginger
benzoin cedarwood(A)
spruce
citronella
cedarwood
pine
clove
sandalwood
sandalwood
bay
dill
spikenard
elemi
petitgrain
eucalyptus(bg)
frankincense
cedarwood
cajeput
Table6.5.bLeavesandSoBelowOilscontinued
Leaves
Roots
Resins
WoodandBark
TwigsandLeaves
fir(balsam)
benzoin
cedarwood
cypress
lemongrass
angelica
cedarwood
teatree
myrtle
ginger fir(balsam)
bay
palmarosa
sandalwood
storax
amyris eucalyptus(l)
patchouli
vetiver
frankincense
sandalwood fir(silver)
sage(common)
ginger
elemi
pine
sage(Spanish)
ginger
cedarwood
pine
tarragon
ginger
galbanum
pine
Table6.6.aFlowersandAsAboveOils
Flowers
OtherFlowers
Leaves
LeavesandFlowers
Fruit
Seeds
cananga
jasmine
citronella
lemonbalm
bergamot
cardamom
catnip
peppermint eucalyptus(bg)
rosemary
lime chamomile(G)
neroli
patchouli
marjoram
lemon chamomile(R)
rose
tarragon
clarysage
bergamot
cumin
clove
lavandin
allspice
rosemary
grapefruit
nutmeg
helichrysum chamomile(R)
lemongrass
lemonbalm
litsea
cardamom
hops
lavender
myrtle
lemonbalm
lemon
nutmeg
jasmine
spearmint
birch
clarysage
mandarin
coriander
lavandin
clove
citronella
thyme
lime
Table6.6.aFlowersandAsAboveOilscontinued
Flowers
OtherFlowers
Leaves
LeavesandFlowers
Fruit
Seeds
lavender(s)
rose
sage
rosemary
lemon
caraway
lavender(t)
spearmint
patchouli
clarysage
orange
neroli ylang-ylang
patchouli
clarysage
orange
coriander
oregano
lavandin
citronella
rosemary
bergamot
peppermint
lavender eucalyptus(bg)
marjoram
lemon
dill
rose(Damask)
jasmine
palmarosa
lemonbalm
bergamot fennel(s)
rose(Maroc)
clove
patchouli
clarysage
bergamot fennel(s)
spearmint
lavandin eucalyptus(bg)
basil
mandarin ylang-ylang
neroli
birch
lemonbalm
bergamot
cardamom
Table6.6.bFlowersandSoBelowOils
Flowers
Roots
Resins
WoodandBark
TwigsandLeaves
cananga
sandalwood
labdanum
sandalwood
catnip
myrrh eucalyptus(l)
chamomile(G)
benzoin
camphor
teatree
chamomile(R)
frankincense
camphor
teatree
clove
sandalwood
cinnamon
cajeput
helichrysum
vetiver
labdanum
teatree
hops
pine
jasmine
vetiver
storax
sandalwood
petitgrain
Table6.6.bFlowersandSoBelowOils
Flowers
Roots
Resins
WoodandBark
TwigsandLeaves
lavandin
lovage
storax
amyris
bay
lavender(s)
vetiver
elemi
cedarwood
petitgrain
lavender(t)
vetiver
frankincense
cedarwood
pine
neroli
ginger
opopanax cedarwood(A)
petitgrain
oregano
camphor
pine
peppermint
benzoin
niaouli
rose(Damask)
ginger
frankincense
sandalwood eucalyptus(l)
rose(Maroc)
ginger
benzoin
sandalwood eucalyptus(l)
spearmint
myrrh ylang-ylang
vetiver
storax
sandalwood
teatree
FlowersShowyorsubtle,flowersarethecrowninggloryofplants.Theyrepresentbeautywith a goal: attraction, sex, and fertility. These essential oils can createwonderfullyintoxicatingblendsformagic.Itisnowonderthatpoetsandloversforthousandsofyearshavesungthepraisesofflowers.Floweroilscanbeusedto pull the energy of leaves and themanifestation power of fruit to a centricfocusofattractionandsex.Whencombinedwithaleavesandflowersoil,flowerpower soars. The beauty aspect of flowers can add a different dimension toleaves’purposeandfruit’spowerofsuccess.Thesexualaspectofflowerscanbetemperedwiththecontrolofresinoilsandthestabilityofrootoils.
Table6.7.aLeavesandFlowersandAsAboveOils
LeavesandFlowers OtherLeavesandFlowers
Flowers
Leaves
Fruit
Seeds
basil
clarysage
spearmint
citronella
lime
caraway
clarysage
hyssop
jasmine
sage
juniper
coriander
hyssop
rosemary
lavender
myrtle
orange
fennel
lemonbalm
thyme ylang-ylang
dill
mandarin
dill
marjoram
rosemary
chamomile
patchouli
bergamot
fennel
mugwort
thyme
lavandin
patchouli
juniper
rosemary
mugwort
oregano
citronella
lime
tagetes
clarysage
jasmine
bergamot
coriander
thyme
marjoram
lavender
grapefruit
LeavesandFlowersOilsproducedfromacombinationofleavesandflowers possess attributes and powers of both. These oils areinstrumental inbolstering the single leaf or floweroils. Inaddition,theybringanexcitingelementtoallAsAbovegroupoilsandenhancethe powers of increase and manifestation of fruit. The leaves andflowersoilsbringaqualityoflightnessthatelevatestheenergyoftheSoBelowoils.
Table6.7.bLeavesandFlowersandSoBelowOils
LeavesandFlowers
Roots
Resins
WoodandBark
TwigsandLeaves
basil
opopanax
camphor
cajeput
clarysage
sandalwood
frankincense
cedarwood
pine
hyssop
teatree
lemonbalm
frankincense
camphor
petitgrain
marjoram
cedarwood
teatree
mugwort
angelica
labdanum
amyris
pine
rosemary
frankincense
cedarwood
petitgrain
tagetes
sandalwood
frankincense
sandalwood
petitgrain
thyme
turmeric
cedarwood
pine
Table6.8.aFruitandAsAboveOils
Fruit
OtherFruit
Flowers
Leaves
LeavesandFlowers
Seeds
allspice
pepper
neroli
patchouli
nutmeg
bergamot
litsea
jasmine
citronella
tagetes
dill
grapefruit
pepper
lavender
palmarosa
rosemary
cardamom
juniper
bergamot
lavender
tarragon
clarysage
lemon
juniper
chamomile sage(common)
thyme
fennel
lime
lemon
neroli
myrtle
rosemary
nutmeg
litsea
bergamot ylang-ylang
patchouli
basil
cardamom
mandarin
lemon
jasmine
cinnamon
lemonbalm
nutmeg
orange(b)
staranise
clove
lemongrass
lemonbalm
anise
orange(s)
lemon
clove
dill
tagetes
nutmeg
pepper
allspice
rose fir(balsam)
rosemary
cardamom
staranise
orange lavender(t)
dill
rosemary
coriander
FruitAsmentionedatthebeginningofthischapter,thewordfruitionsaysitall.Fruitrepresents manifestation and success. The feel and smell of fruit is thepersonificationofabundanceandfreedomfromwant.Useblendsoffruitoilstoincrease what you have and to gain what you seek. Fruit adds the power ofincreasetootherAsAboveoils.Inthecaseofleaves,theiraspectsofenergyandgrowthmultiplyexponentiallywithfruitoils.Combiningfruitwithflowerscanbringanabundanceofbeauty toallaspectsof life.WhenusedwithSoBelowoils, fruit’s manifestation abilities can be instrumental, especially for thelongevityofroots,thecontrolofresins,andtheprotectionofwoodandbark.Inaddition, roots bring the aspect of stability, which can be important whenmanifestingdesires.
Table6.8.bFruitandSoBelowOils
Fruit
Roots
Resins
WoodandBark
TwigsandLeaves
allspice
ginger
labdanum
bay
bergamot
snakeroot
opopanax
cedarwood
petitgrain
grapefruit
galangal
frankincense
cassia
cypress
juniper
spikenard fir(balsam)
bay
lemon
angelica
benzoin
sandalwood fir(silver)
lime
ginger
elemi
niaouli
litsea
ginger
frankincense
cedarwood
petitgrain
mandarin
valerian
myrrh
cinnamon
cypress
orange(b)
ginger
elemi
cinnamon
bay
orange(s)
ginger
myrrh
cinnamon
cypress
pepper
sandalwood
frankincense
sandalwood
staranise
angelica
cedarwood
pine
Table6.9.aSeedsandSoBelowOils
Seeds
OtherSeeds
Roots
Resins
WoodandBark
TwigsandLeaves
angelica
coriander
vetiver
opopanax
cedarwood
pine
anise
carrot
angelica
cedarwood
petitgrain
caraway
anise
ginger
frankincense
cassia
cardamom
parsley
ginger
labdanum
cinnamon
petitgrain
carrot
cumin
frankincense
cedarwood
cypress
celery
coriander
lovage
teatree
coriander
nutmeg
sandalwood
benzoin
amyris
pine
cumin
cardamom
galbanum
dill
nutmeg
spikenard
elemi
cinnamon eucalyptus(l)
fennel(s)
parsley
sandalwood
sandalwood
niaouli
fir(silver)
fennel
labdanum
cedarwood
pine
nutmeg
dill
turmeric
elemi
bay
parsley
cardamom
galangal
benzoin
teatree
SeedsMysteriousandfascinating,seedsmovebetweentheworlds.Carriedonabreezeorsnuggledintotheearth,seedsrepresentbeginnings,changes,andcycles.Theysymbolize thewheel of the year as a fulcrum that balances the duality of theworld:aboveandbelow,lightanddark,goddessandgod.Powercancomefromthe smallest of things—from the tiny acorn comes the mighty oak. Use thepoweroftheseoilswithreverencefortraditionandcraft.
Table6.9.bSeedsandAsAboveOils
Seeds
Leaves
Flowers
LeavesandFlowers
Fruit
angelica
patchouli
lavender
mugwort
bergamot
anise eucalyptus(bg)
lavender
rosemary
grapefruit
caraway
cinnamon
chamomile
basil
orange
cardamom
palmarosa ylang-ylang
bay
mandarin
carrot
dill
lavender
rosemary
lime
celery
palmarosa
lavender
rosemary
lemon
coriander
citronella
jasmine
clarysage
bergamot
cumin
lavandin
rosemary
dill
cinnamon
peppermint
lemonbalm
bergamot
fennel(sweet)
dill
rose
hyssop
lemon
fir(silver)
tarragon
lavender
rosemary
lemon
nutmeg
clove
lavandin
teatree
lime
parsley
myrtle
neroli
clarysage pepper
The power of change and cycles that seed oils bring to a blend keeps theenergy of the other oils flowing. The beginning aspect of seeds and nuts caninitiate thegrowthofwoodandbarkoils, and thehealingof resins aswell asworkingwith theOtherworld orUnderworld association of roots. The changeaspectofseedscancomplementtheenergyofflowers’beautyandattraction.Inaddition, thepurposeaspectof leavescanbeenhancedby thepowerofcyclesandchangethatseedsengender.
SampleBlendThisblendconsistsofoilsfromtheSoBelowgroupthatIuseatSamhain.Asaresinoil,myrrhhas theattributeofhealing. It isalsoassociatedwith thedeadandtheafterlife.Niaouli’scontributionasatwigsandleavesoilisbalance.Itisalsoassociatedwiththeemotionsandhealing.Asarootoil,gingerisassociatedwith theOtherworld/Underworld aswell as stability.Ginger is also associatedwithmemories.Additionally,thescentofgingerbringsanupliftingqualitythatfeels appropriate formewhen rememberingandhonoringmy lovedoneswhohavepassedtotheOtherworld.
SamhainRemembranceBlendGinger:5dropsMyrrh:4dropsNiaouli:4drops
Nowthatwehavecoveredfouruniquewaysofselectingandblendingessentialoils,wewillmoveon to thecarrieroils.Unfortunately thepowerof theseoilshasbeenlargelyignored,buttheytoocomefromplantsandhavequalitiesthatcan enhance our practices. Let’s explore carrier oils and howwe can tap intotheirenergyandmagic.
[contents]
CHAPTER7
CarrierOilsforMagic
BackgroundtotheCarrierOilsI have never understoodwhy themagical properties of carrier oils have beenignored. Granted, the life essence potency of essential oils is more importantwhen creating and using a blend, but carrier oils also hold the energy of theplantsfromwhichtheycame.Ihavefoundthattakingtheirmagicalassociationsinto consideration when selecting carrier oils adds depth and fullness to myblends. However, before examining their magical potential, it is important tounderstandalittleaboutcarrieroilsandhowtheyareprocessed—justaswedidwiththeessentialoils.Aspreviouslymentioned,thereasonforusingcarrieroilsisbecauseessential
oilsandotherconcentratedaromaticscancauseirritationandotherproblemsifapplied directly to the body. In addition, they can damagewood, plastic, andothersurfaces.Carrieroilsarealsocalledbaseorfixedoilsbecausetheydonotevaporate when exposed to air as essential oils do. The good thing is thatessentialoilsareverylipophilic,whichmeanstheyarereadilyabsorbedbyfattyoils and waxes. If you recall the description of the enfleurage method of oilextractiondescribedinchapter2,itinvolvesanessentialoilbeingabsorbedoutofflowerpetalsbyafattysubstancesuchaslardortallow.Becausecarrieroilsare produced from the fatty portions of plants such as seeds, kernels, or nuts,they absorb essential oils, which become diluted as they are dispersedthroughout the carrier oil. A few carrier oils such as avocado and olive areproducedfromfruit.Justanote:itisimportantwhenusingnutoilstobemindfulofanyonewhomayhaveanallergy.Even though standard vegetable oils from the supermarket are often
recommended foruse as carriers,wewill explorewhy this isnot suchagoodchoice. Another bad choice for a carrier oil is one derived from the animalkingdom, namely fish and emu oils. I don’t condone the use of these foraromaticalchemybecauseweareworkingwiththelifeessenceofplants,andIdonotfeelthatanimaloilsarecompatiblewiththis.Likewise,avoidtheuseofmineralorbabyoilsbecause thesecome frompetroleumproducts andwilldonothingtoenhanceorsupportmagicalpractices.Because carrier oils come from fatty plantmatter, they can go rancid if not
storedproperly.Likeessentialoils,theyshouldbekeptindark,airtightbottles,
awayfromsunandartificiallight.Theshelflifeofcarrieroilsrangesfromsixto18monthsdependingonthetypeofoil.Storingthemintherefrigeratorcanhelpkeepthemfreshandextendtheirshelflifeslightly.However,likeanythingelsewekeepinthefridge,itcaneventuallygobad,soifanoildoesnotlookorsmellright,throwitaway.Mostcarrieroilshavetheirownsmell,whichcanbesweet,nutty,herbaceous,
or spicy. These are not as strong as the aromatic oils and generally do notinterfere with essential-oil blends. In some cases, you may even find that acarrieroil canenhance theoverall aromaof ablend.Buy smallquantities andexperimenttoseewhatworksbestwithyourcreations.Atthispoint,youmaybethinking that the standard vegetable oil from the supermarket doesn’t have asmell.This is truebecausechemicalsolventsareused tobleachanddeodorizethemaswellaskillbacteria.Whilethisextendstheoil’sshelflife,italsomeansthatweareputtingchemicalsintoandontoourbodies.Whenchoosingacarrieroil,orcookingoil for thatmatter, selectone that is
unrefined, food-grade (of course, if you are using it in the kitchen), and, ifpossible,organic—nopreservativesorchemicals.Refinedoilsareproducedascheaplyaspossiblewiththeaidofsolvents,andmoreandmoreoftentheyarebeingproducedfromgeneticallymodifiedplants.AsaPagan(no,actuallyasahumanbeing)IabhortheideaofGMOplants.Itryveryhardtoavoidtheminmy food, and this extends to my magic. It is my personal belief that peopleshouldnottinkerwiththenaturalworldinthisway.Refined food-grade oils are produced to have no odor and very little to no
color.As a result, these have less nutritional value and less energy formagicwork. In addition, some of the plant material harvested to make these oils isoftenstoredforayearormorebeforebeingprocessed.Whenitisfinallyhauledout, the rawmaterial iswashedwith chemicals to remove anymold thatmayhavegrownonitwhileinstorage.This initialwash-down is followedbyasolventextractionprocesssimilar to
that used for some aromatic extracts, which separates the oil from the plantsolids.Nextcomesthedistillationprocess toremovethechemicalsusedin thefirststep.Theresultinggoop,calledacrudeoil,isthenfiltered.WhileyouandImight think of the nice clean filterswe use in coffeemachines, this filtration
process involves heating the oil and adding sodium hydroxide or sodiumcarbonate to neutralize it. But wait, there’s more. Fullers’ earth (aluminumsilicate)oraclay-basedearthisusedtoremoveasmuchcoloraspossible.Theseearthsareveryfine-grainedandhighlyabsorbentofimpuritiesanddirtaswellasthemoleculesthatcreatecolor.Thecyclecontinuesbecauseafteroneprocessaddssomethingtotheoil,itis
followedbyanotherprocess to removewhateverwasput in.And so theoil isfilteredagaintoremovetheearths.Itisthenputthroughavacuumwithsteamathightemperaturestodeodorizeit.Afterwringingmostofthenutrientsoutofit,theoil issubjected toone lastprocess,calledwinterizing,whichkeeps it fromturningcloudyat lower temperatures.Unrefinedoilsmayappear cloudywhenstored in the fridge, but this does not change their chemical compositions orharmthem.Ipreferthecloudsandshortershelflifeformyoils.Youmayencountersomecarrieroilsthatarepartiallyrefined.Thismeansthat
the oil was subjected to some of the processes described above, which mostoften includebleaching,deodorizing, andwinterization.However, someof theother processes may have been employed as well. Partial refining is used tostabilizeoils thatnormallyhave a shorter shelf life aswell asneutralize thosethathavedarkercolorationorstrongersmells.Someothertermsencounteredwhenbuyingoilsincludethewordpure,which
indicatesthatitwasnotmixedwithanyothertypeofoil.Thewordnaturalonthe label means that it was not diluted with any synthetic oil, and the wordorganicindicatesthatplantsweregrownaccordingtocertainstandards.An unrefined oilmay be labeled cold-pressed, whichmeans that it was not
subjected to high temperatures.Aswe learned in chapter 2 about essential oilextractionmethods, cold-pressing is amechanical process that does not applyheat froman external source.However, someheat is generated from thepressmechanism,but itnormallystaysunder60 to80degreesFahrenheit.Asimilarmethod,calledexpeller-pressed,employshydraulicpresses.Whileexternalheatisnotappliedinthismethod,either,frictiongeneratedbythistypeofpresscanraise theheat levelup to200degreesF.Using this typeofpress is lesscostly,makingtheoilalittlemoreeconomical.Inmyresearch,sourceshaveindicatedthatthisamountofheatdoesnotharmtheoil.
Plant material is usually put through a press more than once in order tosqueezeoutasmuchoilaspossible.Oilthatisextractedfromthefirstpressingiscalledvirgin.Afterpressing,theoilisthenputthroughcottonclothfiltersandthenpaperfilterstoremoveanybitsofplantmaterial.
NowfortheMagicWhile there are a number of carrier oils available on themarket, I wanted tofocuson theones thataremorecommon, fairlyeasy to find,andhaveagoodrange of magical associations. These oils include almond, apricot, avocado,borage, camellia, cranberry, evening primrose, flax, grape, hazelnut, jojoba,olive,pecan,pomegranate, rosehip, sesame, and sunflower.Likeessentialoils,thecarriersdonotallcostthesame,whichmaybeimportanttoconsiderwhenplanningyourblends.Also likeessentialoils, thepartof theplant fromwhichtheoil isextractedprovidesanadditionaldimension formagicalpurposes.Wewilltakealookatseveralapproaches.First,wewillrevisitthesampleblendsfrompreviouschapterstoseehowthe
selection of a carrier oil can enhance intentions and, when needed, provide aboost.Referbacktochapter2fordetailsondilutionratioswhenmixingcarrierswithyourblendofessentialoils.Followingthat,wewilllookathowcarrierscanbeincludedinthebotanicalfamilyandplant-partmethodsofselectingessentialandcarrieroils.Given as a sample blend in chapter 1,my blend for grounding energy after
ritualswascreatedusing thesingle-scentgroupmethodofselectingoils.FromthewoodyscentgroupIchosecypressandpatchoulibecausetheyareassociatedwith grounding energy, and vetiver because it is connected with balance. Allthreeoftheseessentialoilsareassociatedwithprotection,whichaddsasenseofsecurityforme.Havingmuchlessodor,carrieroilsarenotclassifiedbyanytypeof scent group, and so I based the selection of a carrier oil on magicalassociations.Jojobaandpomegranatesupportthegroundingandcenteringofenergyaswell
as balance. In addition, pomegranate is connected with protection. Either ofthese carrier oilsworkwellwith this blend because they both cover themostimportant intention: to ground and center energy with the added intention ofcoming into balance.With all three of the essential oils being associatedwithprotection,myfeelingisthatitwouldnotbenecessarytohavethecarrieroildothis, too. Another consideration is cost: pomegranate is usually twice asexpensiveasjojoba.Considerall thefactorsandbaseyourdecisiononwhatis
rightforyou.Also,likeessentialoils,carrierscanbemixedsoyoucanuselessof amore expensiveoilwhile reaping thebenefits of itsmagical associations.TheoilIusedmostoftenforthisblendisjojoba.Myprosperityandwell-beingblendfromchapter2wasofferedasanexample
ofthebotanicalfamilymethodofselectingoils.Allfiveoftheessentialoilsareassociatedwithwell-beingandstrength.Inaddition,grapefruit,lemon,andorangeareassociatedwithabundance,andbergamotandmandarinwithprosperity.Asmentioned,Iliketousethisblendindoorswithatealightdiffuser,especiallyinthewintertofreshenthehouseandgetenergymoving.Bergamot,grapefruit, lemon,andorangeareassociatedwith energy andmandarinwith happiness,which nicely rounds outmyintentions.Whenconsideringcarrieroilsforthisblend,wefindthatalmondandoliveare
associated with abundance, prosperity, and well-being. Olive has the addedadvantageofbeingassociatedwithenergy,manifestation,andthehome,whichcanboosttheintentionsofthisblend.Ontheotherhand,sunflowerisassociatedwithenergy,well-being,andstrength,anditworksequallywell.Don’tdiscountacarrieroilbecauseitmayhavefewerassociationsthatdirectlyalignwithyourintention. For example, sesame is associatedwith prosperity and dealingwithnegativity.Asaresult,thisoilcanemphasizedrawingprosperityintothehomewhilepushingnegativeenergyaway.ForthisreasonIliketousesesameasthecarrieroilwhenIdabthisblendondoorwreaths.Inchapter3Isharedmypsychicpurificationblend,whichusesthebotanical
familymethodofselection.Ichoselavender,marjoram,androsemaryfromtheLamiaceaefamily.Allthreeessentialoilsareassociatedwithfocusandpsychicabilitiesaswellaswithbalance.Aswithmyprosperityandwell-beingblend,Icouldnot staywith thebotanical familyselectionmethod for thecarrieroilasnoneofthemcomefromthisfamily.Asaresult,Iusedoilsbasedsolelyontheirmagical associations. Borage is especially potent for this blend because it isconnectedwithpsychicwork, inner purification, andbalance.Another oil thatworkswell issesame,which isassociatedwithbalanceandpurification. Ithastheaddedaspectofbanishingnegativity. I tend toalternatebetween these twocarrieroils.
Galadriel’sdreamfromchapter4isablendIusefordreamwork,becauseitisdown-to-earth yet ethereal. I created this using the opposite-scent-groupblending method. It contains cedarwood, jasmine, and ylang-ylang which aremembersofthewoodyandfloralscentgroups.Allthreeoilsareassociatedwithdreamworkandpeace. Inaddition,cedarwoodand jasmineareassociatedwithspirits,andylang-ylangwithcommunicatingwiththem.Carrier oils that work well for this blend are rosehip and sunflower, either
singlyortogether.Bothareassociatedwithdreamworkandpeace.Ifprotectionduringdreamworkis important,bothoilsarealsolinkedwiththis,androsehipspecifically with emotional protection. In addition, rosehip is associated withmessagesandomens,whichcanenhancetheeffectivenessoftheblend.Almondisanothercandidate for thecarrieroilas it isassociatedwithpeace,prophecy,protection,andspirits.Imostoftenuseamixofsunflowerandrosehipforthisblend.Icreatedmypsychicfocusblendfordivination,offeredinchapter5,byusing
theperfumenotemethod.Itcontainstheessentialoilsbergamot,clarysage,andgeranium, all of which help sustain concentration. In addition, geraniumsupports psychic energy aswell aswork in the astral realm. Bergamot bringspsychicprotection,heightenedawareness,andcommunicationwithspirits.Clarysage, which I use as the base note, supports psychic abilities, divination, andclairvoyance.Thereareseveralcarrieroils toconsiderfor thisblend.Hazelnut ispowerful
because of its association with communication, divination, wisdom, and themind.Also,hazelnutsareusedspecificallyonSamhainfordivination.Flaxoilisalso a candidate because it is connected with divination and psychic work.Almond is another because of its associationwith divination, knowledge, andspirits.Acombinationofpomegranateandsunfloweroilswouldworkwell,too,becausebothareassociatedwithclarity. Inaddition,pomegranate isconnectedwithdivination,andsunflowerwithwisdom.Ihavenotsettledonaspecificone,yet. Trying a different carrier oil when repeating a blend is good way toexperimentandextendyourknowledge.My Samhain remembrance blend from chapter 6 was created using the As
Above,SoBelowmethod.Thiscanbeappliedtotheselectionofthecarrieroil
as well. The essential oils for this blend—myrrh, niaouli, and ginger—comefromtheSoBelowgroup.Asaresinoil,myrrhhastheattributeofhealing.Itisalsoassociatedwiththedeadandtheafterlife.Niaouli’sattributeasatwigsandleavesoil isbalance. It is also connectedwith the emotions andhealing.AsarootoilgingerisassociatedwiththeOtherworld/Underworldaswellasstability.It is also linked with memories. In addition, the scent of ginger brings anupliftingqualitytothisblend.Of course, the most symbolic carrier oil is pomegranate because of its
importance at Samhain. It is also connected with ancestors, the dead, theafterlife, cycles, and love. Another effective choice is olive oil because of itsassociationswithfamily,makingpeace,blessings,andspirits.Pomegranateisaseedoil,linkedwithboththeAsAboveandSoBelowgroupsofoils.Asaseedoil it speaks of cycles and continuity, which are also themes for Samhain.CombiningtheaboveandbelowrealmsaidsinconnectinguswiththoseintheOtherworld.Thatsaid,Itendtouseoliveoilforthisblend.Iespeciallylikeitslink to family,andasa fruitoil it is linkedwithabundanceandmanifestation,whichgivestheblendalighterenergyandkeepsaritualfrombecomingtoodarkandheavy.
ExtendingBotanicalFamilySelectiontoCarrierOilsAlthoughusingthebotanicalfamilymethodofselectionforessentialandcarrieroils did not work for the two blends I included as sample blends in earlierchapters, thismethod can actuallywork. Table 7.1 lists the botanical familiesthatincludebothessentialandcarrieroilstoshowwherecommonalityexists.
Table7.1BotanicalFamilieswithEssentialandCarrierOils
BotanicalFamily
EssentialOils
CarrierOils
Asteraceae chamomile,helichrysum,mugwort,tagetes,tarragon,yarrow
sunflower
Betulaceae
birch
hazelnut
Lauraceae bay,camphor,cassia,cinnamon,litsea
avocado
Oleaceae
jasmine
olive
Rosaceae
rose almond,apricot,rosehip
As we have seen, some botanical families have too few oils with which tocreatemagical blends. In the case ofRosaceae, the carrier oils outnumber theessentialoilsofDamaskandMaroc rose.However, remember that carrieroilscanbemixed,andifyouarelookingtocreateapowerfulblendforlovemagic,fourorallfiveoftheseoilstogetherpackapunch.Itwillbethesampleblendattheendofthischapter.Let’s also consider theAsteraceae family to seewhat type of blends can be
created.Oneblendcanbebasedonthefactthatalltheoilsareassociatedwithdreamworkandmostwithdivination,psychicwork,andprotection.Foranothertypeofblendconsidertheoils’connectionwithbalanceandthefactthatmostofthemarealsolinkedwithhealing.Athirdandfourthtypeofblendcanbebasedontheprevalentassociationswithabundance,prosperity,andwell-beingaswellasspirituality.Inadditiontosharingmostoftheseassociations,sunflowerasthecarrieroilalsobringsclarityandenergytoboosttheintentionsofblendsmadewithit.
ExtendingtheAsAbove,SoBelowSelectiontoCarrierOils
Althoughcarrieroilsarenotobtainedfromthefullrangeofplantpartsthatweexploredinthepreviouschapter,theycanfitintothismethodofselectingoils.Thetwoplant-partcategoriesforcarrieroilsarefruitandseeds.
Table7.2OilsandPlantParts
CarrierOils
EssentialOils
OilsfromFruit(AsAbove)
avocado,jojoba,olive bergamot,grapefruit,juniper,litsea,lemon,lime,mandarin,orange,staranise
OilsfromSeeds(SoBelow)
almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflower
anise,caraway,cardamom,carrot,celery,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel(sweet),nutmeg,parsley
Fruit represents manifestation and achievement. Blends of fruit oils areinstrumentalforincreasingwhatyouhaveandmanifestingwhatyouseek.Thiscategory has three carrier oils, all of which provide strong support for theseintentions. Blends from these oils are also good for instilling a sense ofconfidence and happiness. They support the ability to banish negativitywhilebuildinglong-lastingcomfortandabundance.YoumayalsowanttoexplorehowthesecarrieroilsworkwithotherAsAboveoils.Thecategoryofseedsincludeskernelsandnuts.Asmentionedintheprevious
chapter, seeds symbolize thewheel of the year as a fulcrum that balances thedualityof theworld.Themagicalassociationsof theseplantpartsalso includecycles, changes, and transitions as well as beginnings. The carrier oils fromseedssupporttheseconnectionswhilesharingothers.LikethebotanicalfamilyRosaceae,carriersoutnumbertheessentialoils,givingusplentyofchoices.All of the oils—essential and carrier—in the seed category are powerful for
blendsfocusedoncreatingasolid,safehomeenvironment.Theyshareat leastone of the following associations: abundance, blessings, healing, home/family,money,peace,prosperity,protection,andwell-being.Withveryfewexceptionsthese oils relate to astral and psychicwork, andmany forms of prophecy anddivination,includingdreamworkandclairvoyance.Theyarealsopowerfulalliesfor breaking hexes and supportingmagic in general. The seed oils also aid inconnectingwithspirits.Almostanycombinationoftheseoilswillenhanceandsupportthiswork.
Seed oils also relate strongly to affairs of the heart and sex.They cover therange from affection and attraction to desire, lust, and passion. Marriage,fertility,andfidelityarealsoassociatedwiththem,asaremagicrelatingtoloveandpassion.Asmembersoftheseedcategory,thesecarrieroilsaresupportiveof all the essential oils inboth theAsAboveandSoBelowgroups.Youmaywanttoexplorethemfurtherwhenworkingwithplantparts.
SampleBlendAsmentionedearlier,thefiveoilsfromtheRosaceaebotanicalfamilycancreateawonderful blend for love spells. Because they all come from roses, the twoessential oils and rosehip carrier oil share the associations of affection, sexualattraction, fidelity, happiness, love, and magic. Almond is linked specificallywithlovemagicaswellastruelove,beauty,andjoy.Alsoassociatedwithlove,apricotisfurtherconnectedwithincreasingpassionaswellasbindinglovers.Inadditiontohavingthebotanicalfamilyincommon,bothroseessentialoils
arealsomembersofthefloralscentgroup.DamaskisatopnoteandMarocisamiddletobasenote,andtogethertheycreateanicelittlebouquetofroses.
LovePotionNumber5Rose(Damask):2dropsRose(Maroc):2dropsAlmond,apricot,androsehipcarrieroils:5mleach
Thiscreatesa1%dilution,whichisperfectforanointingonoraroundtheface.
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SummaryIhopethissojournintoaromaticalchemyandtheworldof
scenthasprovidedyouwithknowledgeandinspiration.Aswe
haveseen,theuseofperfumeryhasbeenanintegralpartofspiritualandmagicalpracticessincetheearliest
civilizations.Peoplelongagodiscoveredthatthegreenworldprovidedmorethanfood—italsogiftedhumanswithamazingflavorsandaromas.Thesesimpleaspectsofplantsnotonlyenricheverydaylifebutalsotouchoursouls.Wealsotookalookatalchemyandlearnedthatitwasmorethanthe
notionofusingwizardryto
transmutemetals.Inthepast,agreatdealofalchemywasfocusedonthemedicinalandspiritualusesofplants.Dealingwithplantsandthesoul,aromaticalchemycan
bringthepowerofthegreenworldtoourspiritualandmagical
practices.
Withtheabilitytobringmemoriesandpastfeelingstotheforefront,scentisanallyforaccessingotherrealms.Itsupportspsychicworkonsomanylevelsandprovidesaccesstosomethingbeyondourselvesthatresultsinmoremeaningfulmagicandritual.Scentalsooffersabridgebetweenthesepracticesandmundaneactivities,helpingustointegrateallpartsoftheself.Ithelpsusbringthatspecialpartofwhoweare in ritualout into theworld,makinguswholeand inmanycaseshealingusaswell.AsImentionedatthebeginningofthisbook,Iliketoknowthehowandwhy
of what I’m doing. I want to understand things, which is why we started bylearning the difference between an essential oil and other aromatic extracts.Examininghowoilsareproducedhelpsusmakeinformeddecisionsaboutwhichproducts we want to use. In addition, knowing the nitty-gritty of measuring,mixing,andassessingoilblendsprovidesuswiththefundamentalbasicsthatwecanbuildon.Whiletherearenohardandfastrulesforblendingscents,welookedatsome
of the guidelines to help us choose and experimentwisely.Understanding the
importanceofbotanicalnamesandbecomingfamiliarwiththeirmeaninghelpsusidentifytheexactoilthatwewant.Inthebotanicalfamilyselectionmethod,welearnedhowoilsfromrelatedplantstendtoblendnicelytogether.Thisalsogave us a peek at the interconnected relationships of some plants.While thisselectionmethod results in a smaller number of oils fromwhich to choose, ithelps us learn how using indirect magical associations can strengthen andsupportourcoreintentions.Thescentgroupmethodforcreatingoilblendsgaveusanotherperspectiveon
therelationshipsbetweenplants.Wealsolearnedaboutthevariouswaysscentshavebeencategorized.Fromthefourgroupsrelatingtoolfactorynervestotheplethoraof18devisedbyperfumerEugeneRimmel,wefoundthatusingabasicgroupofsixalignsmorecloselywiththenaturalworld.Usingcategoriessuchaswoody, herbaceous, floral, spicy, resinous, and citrus is straightforward andmeaningful.Notonlydoes the scentgroupmethodwiden thepoolofoils fromwhich to
choose,italsogivesusthreewaysofworkingwiththegroups.Wecanblendoilswithin their scent group, or combine two neighboring groups or two oppositegroups, tocreateanynumberofblends thatsuitourpurposesandnoses.Fromanotherviewpoint,workingwiththesacrednumberthree,anditsmultiples,setsthestageformagicalpurposes.Threewaystoblendsixscentgroupsresultsintheverymagicalnumberninetosupportouraromaticalchemy.Fromscentgroupswemovedontoperfumenotes.Althoughrelatingscentsto
musicalscalesbeganwithSeptimusPiesse,itwasWilliamPoucherwhorefinedand streamlined it into the three notes popularly used today. This providedanotheruniquewaytocombinescentsandgaveusanadditionalwayofrelatingto plants. Startingwith three oils (sacred three again)—one from each note—helpsuslearntheuniquepropertiesoftheoilsandhowtheyfunctionwitheachother.Withthisunderstandingwecanbranchoutandexplorehowmoreoilscanaddnewdimensionstoablendwhileprovidingpowerfulmagicalsupport.ThefourthmethodforcreatingablendwasonethatIdevised.Afteryearsof
workingwith various parts of plants to enhancemy rituals andmagicwork, Iclassifiedessentialoilsaccordinglyandbegantocreateblendsbasedontheplantpart fromwhichoilswereextracted. Just aswith thebotanical familymethod,
thispresentsasmallgroupofoilsfromwhichtochoose.However,ratherthanseeingthisasalimitation,Iusedittostrengthenmyvisionandplanning.Asaresult,Ihavebeenprofoundlymovedandgratifiedbythewaythishasdeepenedmywork.And then,of course, it’s fun to combinedifferentplant-part oils forvarious purposes. This exploration expands my creativity and helps topersonalizeeachblend.Ifeelthatthroughthisbookthecarrieroilsarefinallygiventheattentionand
respect they deserve. Too many sources first recommend picking up anyvegetable oil at the supermarket and then gloss over themagical aspects. It’sreallyashame,becausepayingattentiontothequalityandthemagicalpotentialofcarrieroilsenhancesandbringssomuchenergytoablend.In the oil profiles that follow in Section Two, you will find detailed
informationabouttheoilsaswellastheplantsfromwhichtheyareextracted.Inadditiontophysicaldescriptions,historicalbackgroundsareincludedtohelpusconnectwiththeplantsaswellaswithhowpeopleusedtheminthepast.Ithinkthis information can help us develop our own connections for the oils, whichmakesourmagicuniqueandalive.My vision for this book was to present information that would build
confidence for readers to experiment with creating unique blends whileexploring thegreenworld.While themethodsdetailed inSectionOnemaybequicklymastered,myintentionforSectionTwoandtheappendicesistoprovidereference material that will be useful for you in years to come. I hope yourjourneyintoaromaticalchemyinspiresyourcreativity,furthersyourmagic,andhelpstodeepenyourspiritualpractices.
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TheEssentialOilsallspice:berryoilallspice:leafoilamyrisangelica:rootoilangelica:seedoilanise
basil
bay
benzoin
bergamotbirch,whitecajeput
camphor
cananga
caraway
cardamom
carrotcassia:barkoilcassia:leafoilcatnipcedarwood,Atlascedarwood,Virginiacelerychamomile,Germanchamomile,Romancinnamon:barkoilcinnamon: leafoilcitronella
clarysageclove:budoilclove:leafoilcoriander
cumin
cypressdill:leafoildill:seedoilelemieucalyptus,bluegumeucalyptus,lemonfennel,bitterfennel,sweetfir,balsam:needle oil fir, balsam: resin oil fir, silver: cone oil fir, silver: needle oilfrankincensegalangal
galbanumgeranium,roseginger
grapefruit
helichrysum
hops
hyssop
jasmine
juniper
labdanum
lavandinlavender,spikelavender,truelemon
lemonbalmlemongrass,EastIndianlemongrass,WestIndianlime:peeloillime:wholefruitoillitsealovage:leafandstalkoillovage:rootoilmandarin
marjoram
mugwort
myrrh
myrtle
neroli
niaouli
nutmeg
oakmoss
opopanaxorange,bitterorange,sweetoregano
palmarosa
parsley
patchoulipepper,blackpeppermint
petitgrainpine,Scotchrose,Damaskrose,Maroc
rosemarysage,commonsage,Spanishsandalwoodsavory,summersavory,wintersnakeroot
spearmint
spikenardspruce,hemlockstaranise
storax
tagetes
tarragon
teatree
thyme
turmeric
valerian
vetiver
yarrowylang-ylang
TheCarrierOilsalmond,sweetapricot
avocado
borage
camellia
cranberry
eveningprimroseflax
grape
hazelnut
jojoba
olive
pecan
pomegranate
rosehip
sesame
sunflower
CHAPTER8
EssentialOilProfiles
AllspiceBotanicalName:Pimentaofficinalis,syn.P.dioicaFamily:MyrtaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Jamaicanpepper,myrtlepepper,pimenta,pimentoberryorleafAllspicecomesfromanevergreentreewithleatheryleaves,clustersofsmall,whiteflowers,andtiny,greenberriesthatturnbrownastheyripen.ThegenusnamePimentacomesfromtheSpanishpimientaforblackpepperbecausethedriedberriesresemblepeppercorns.ThenameallspicewasgivenbyEnglish
botanistJohnRay(1627–1705),whodescribeditastastinglikeacombinationofclove,cinnamon,andnutmeg.AlthoughChristopherColumbusiscreditedwithdiscoveringallspicein1494,itwasusedbytheMayansforcenturiesasan
ingredientintheembalmingprocess.IndigenoustotheWestIndiesandSouthAmerica,allspicewasintroducedintoEuropeinthe1500sandreachedEnglandaround1600.Todayallspiceisoftenusedasa“pepper”infive-pepperblends.
OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareobtainedthroughsteamdistillation.The oil from the leaves is yellowish-red to brownish and has a sweet-spicy
scent.Strength:5Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves
Warning:maycauseskinirritationTheoilfromtheberriesispaleyellowwithasweet,warm,spicyscent.Strength:5Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Fruit
Warning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesAllspiceisanoilofattractionandenergy(leafoil).Itcanbeemployedtoattractgood luck, money, and love. Its association with spirituality and purificationmakesallspiceagoodchoiceforconsecratingamulets,altars,andritualspace.Allspice is a powerful energy raiser, especially for magic. Use it in elementmagicaswellastomanifestabundance(berryoil).Othermagicalusesincludecommunication, courage, determination, friends/friendship, growth (leaf oil),healing, kindness, power, prosperity, purpose (leaf oil), strength, and success(berryoil).
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,ScorpioSolarSystem:MarsElements:air (leafoil),earth, fire,
water(berryoil)Celebration:SamhainAmyrisBotanicalName:AmyrisbalsamiferaFamily:RutaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
candlewood,torchwood,WestIndiansandalwoodAmyriswasformerlyknownasWestIndiansandalwoodoiluntil1886,whenitwasdiscoveredtohaveno
relationtothetruesandalwood(Santalumalbum).Amyris’sresinouswoodmadeitusefulinthepastforlighting,whichisthesourceofitsnamescandlewoodandtorchwood.NativetotheWestIndiesandSouthAmerica,amyrisisasmall,bushytreewithcompoundleaves(leafletsalongastem)andclustersofsmall,
whiteflowers.
OilandBlendingInformationA pale yellow oil is steam-distilled from the wood and branches. Its scent iswoodyandcedar-likewithwarm,vanillaundertones.Strength:2ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:basePlantPart:SoBelow/WoodandBark
MagicalUsesAmyriscanbedescribedasOtherworldlybecauseitsupportsworkintheastralrealm. It opens the doorwaybetween the conscious and subconscious areas ofthemind, stimulatingmemories and increasingcreativity aswell as enhancingdreamandpast-lifework.Amyrisaidsinreleasingmisconceptionsandnegativethoughts,paving thewayforself-acceptance,growth,and transformation.Thisoilisinstrumentalinattuningtothecyclesofthenaturalworldandmoonenergyaswellaspersonalrhythms.Amyrisisalsoassociatedwithbalance,protection,purpose,andstrength.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Moon,VenusElement:earthAngelicaBotanicalName:AngelicaarchangelicaFamily:ApieceaeAlsoKnownAs:
angelicherb,archangel,gardenangelicaGrowinguptosixfeettall,angelica’spurplestemssupportlargeleavesandumbels(umbrella-shapedclusters)of
greenish-whiteflowers.Ihaveangelicainacornerofmygarden,whereitaddsanexoticaccent.InmedievalLatinitwascalledherbaangelica(angelicherb)becauseitwasbelievedtobepowerfulenoughtoprotectagainsttheplague,enchantments,andevilspirits.NativetoEurope,thenameangelicamayhavecomefromtheGreekangelos,meaning“messenger.”18AngelicawasusedinspellsandritualsaswellaswornforprotectionagainstevilspiritsandWitches.Thisherbwasbelievedtobeespeciallyusefulagainstdarkmagic.OvertimetheuseofangelicawasadaptedfromPaganfestivalsintoChristiancelebrationsofSaintMichael.Itwasaprizedmedicinalherbforcenturiesandavaluable
commodityduringtheRenaissance(circa1400–1600).
OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationisusedtoobtaintwooils.Theoilfromtherhizome(atypeofroot)iscolorlessorpaleyellowandturns
yellow-brownwithage.Ithasarichandherbaceous,earthyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: So
Below/RootsWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;diabeticsshouldavoid;causesphotosensitivityTheoilfromtheseedsiscolorlessandhasaherbaceous,earthyscentwithaspicyhint.Strength:4ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middle to topPlantPart:AsAbove
andSoBelow/SeedsWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;diabeticsshouldavoidMagicalUsesFirst and foremost angelica is a protector, a guardian angel so to speak. Itprotects against and can break hexes and spells, and is useful in protectingagainstandbanishingevil.Angelicaalsoprovidesprotectionduringdreamworkanddivination.ItisassociatedwiththeOtherworld(rootoil),stability(rootoil),andlongevity.Itcanbreakupandclearawaynegativeenergy,providingpsychicprotectionduringchanneling.Angelicaisalsohelpfulindealingwithproblemsandmanifestingwhatyouseek. Inprovidingspiritual support,angelicaaids inlisteningtohigherselfforinspiration,growth,healing,andknowledge.Theseedoilisespeciallyhelpfulforbalance,beginnings,changes,andrenewal.Therootoil is helpful with grounding energy and keeping secrets. Angelica isinstrumental inangelandelementmagic,andis idealforconsecratinganaltar,ritual, andmagic tools.Angelica is also associatedwith beauty, cycles, peace,power,purification,stimulation,strength,andsuccess.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,LeoSolarSystem:SunCelebrations:Beltane,Imbolc,Samhain,
WalpurgisElements:earth(rootoil),fire(seedoil)Goddess:VenusAniseBotanicalName:Pimpinellaanisum,syn.AnisumofficinalisFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:aniseed,sweetcuminNativetoEgypt,anisewasalsocultivatedthereandusedmedicinallyforabout4000years.Itisanerectherbwithfeatheryleavesandumbelsofdelicatewhitetoyellowflowers.TheancientGreeksandRomansusedaniseafterdinnercakestoaiddigestion.Itwasahighlyprized
commoditytotheRomans,whoactuallyusedtheseedstopaytheirtaxes.GreekphilosopherTheophrastus(372–288BCE),whobecameknownasthefatherofbotany,notedthataniseseedsbyone’sbedatnightresultedinsweetdreams.Today,inadditiontoculinaryandmedicinalpurposes,itisusedtoflavor
liqueurssuchasanisetteandBenedictine.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the seeds produces a pale yellow oil with a spicy-sweet,liquorice-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above and So
Below/SeedsWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;use inmoderation;maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesAniseisapowerfulallyfordivinationanddreamwork.Itaidsindevelopingandincreasing psychic abilities, especially clairvoyance, and offers psychicprotection, particularly when dealing with the Otherworld. This protectionextendstobanishingevilandclearingnegativeenergy.Aniseisinstrumentalinstimulating themind, heightening awareness, attracting spirits, and connectingwithotherrealms.Aniseisassociatedwithpurificationandconsecrationaswellasattractingblessingstothehome.Useittodealwithemotions,loss,andlove.Anise is associated with fertility, growth, sexuality, and marriage. It isinstrumentalwheninitiatingchangeforrenewalandstartingover.Aniseisalsoassociatedwithbalance,cycles,happiness,luck,money,andwell-being.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Gemini, Leo, Pisces, Sagittarius Celebration: Walpurgis
SolarSystem:Jupiter,Mars,MercuryElements:air,fireGoddess:HecateGods:Apollo,Mercury
BasilBotanicalName:OcimumbasilicumFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonbasil,Frenchbasil,sweetbasilBasil’sspeciesnamecomesfromacombinationoftheGreekwordsbasileus,meaning“king,”andbasilokos,
meaning“royal.”19TotheGreeksbasilwasthekingofplantsandaningredientintheoilusedtoanointsovereigns.BasilwreathshavebeenfoundinEgyptian
tombs,andinlatercenturiesitwasusedinfuneraryritesthroughouttheMediterraneanregion.First-centuryGreekphysicianDioscoridesnotedinhis
MateriaMedicathatbasilcounteredthestingofscorpions.IntheMiddleAgesitwasthoughttoprotectagainstscorpions,andbythenineteenthcenturyitwasassociatedwiththezodiacsignofScorpio.BasilwasusedasastrewingherbscatteredonfloorstocleartheairaswellastoprotectahomeagainstWitches.InItalyitsymbolizedloveandwasthoughttobeanaphrodisiac.IndigenoustoAfricaandAsia,basilhasshiny,ovalleavesandwhorlsofsmall,whiteflowers.
OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves and flower tops are steam-distilled, producing a colorless or paleyellowoil.Ithasaherbaceous,sweet-spicyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As
Above/LeavesandFlowersWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;avoiduseifyouhave epilepsy or other seizure disorder; use in moderation; may cause skinirritationMagicalUsesBasil aids divination skills and is instrumental in developing psychic abilities,especially clairvoyance. It is alsoused for psychic protection.Stimulating andrefreshing,basilbringsclarityfordecision-makingaswellasdeterminingone’spurpose in life. Basil bolsters courage for defense and success. In addition, itengendersasenseofhappiness,confidence,andstrength.Basilpromoteshealthyrelationships,smoothingproblemsbetweenlovers,particularlywherefidelityisconcerned.Useittoattractloveaswellastoreleasehexesandbanishnegativity.Basilalsoaidsinhonoringandrememberingthedeadandeasingsorrow.Itsuseinangel,defensive,andelementmagicisboostedbyitsassociationwithdragonenergy.Basilisanherbofthehome,protectingitagainstevilentities,attractingblessings,comfort,luck,peace,andprosperity.Thisherbisalsoassociatedwithtrust, concentration, and healing. For couples, basil helps with sexual issues,manifestingdesires,fertility,andincreasingvitality.Othermagicalassociationsarebalance,beauty,changes,friendship,growth,money,andpurification.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,Leo, ScorpioSolarSystem:Mars, Pluto,VenusElements: air,
fireCelebration:ImbolcGoddesses:Erzulie,LakshmiGods:Krishna,VishnuBayBotanicalName:LaurusnobilisFamily:LauraceaeAlsoKnownAs:baylaurel,sweetbay,truebayBayisanevergreentreewithleatheryleaves,smallyellowflowers,andshinyblackberries.NativetotheMediterranean,itsgenusnamecomesfromtheLatinlaurus,meaning“topraise,”andnobilis,meaning
“famous.”20ItwascustomaryforancientGreeksandRomanstopraisepeopleofaccomplishmentwithcrownsoflaurel.TotheGreeks,laurelwasconsidereda
powerfulsupportfordivinationandprophecy,whiletotheRomansitsymbolizedwisdom.InGreekmythologythegoddessDaphnetransformed
herselfintoalaureltreetoavoidtheadvancesofApollo.LaurelmayhavebeenusedbyDelphicoraclestostrengthentheirpowersofprophecy.Fromancient
timesthroughtheMiddlesAgesandRenaissance,itwasusedmedicinallyandasastrewingherb.
OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves and branchlets are steam-distilled, producing a greenish-yellow oilwithafresh,herbaceousandslightlycamphoraceousscent.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: So
Below/Twigs and Leaves Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may causesensitization;useinmoderationMagicalUsesBay aids in prophetic dreaming, divination, and clairvoyance. It increasespsychic powers and its purification properties provide protection during thiswork.Italsoclearsandprotectsthehomefromnegativity.Usethisoiltobuildmagicalenergy,consecratesacredspace,enhancedefensivemagic,andremovehexes. Bay supports courage and determination when seeking justice. Itimproves memory and augments concentration, bringing clarity and inspiringcreativity as well as spiritual growth. Bay is also associated with awareness,inspiration, and intuition. It supports longevity inmarriage and success whendealingwithproblems.Alsousebaytoconnectwithfairies.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Gemini, Leo, Pisces Solar System: Sun Elements: air, fire
Celebrations:Litha,SaturnaliaGoddesses:Artemis,Ceres,Daphne,Fides,GaiaGods:Adonis,Apollo,Asclepius,Balder,Buddha,Cernunnos,Helios,Mars,RaBenzoinBotanicalName:StyraxbenzoinFamily:StyracaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Benjamintree,gumBenjamin,styraxbenzoinBenzoinhasbeenusedmedicinallyinthe
FarEastforthousandsofyears.Inaddition,itwasburnedasincenseinBuddhistandHindutemplestoelevatespiritualawarenessandfosterreceptivenessfordivineinspiration.IntheMiddleAgesitwasbelievedtobanishevilspiritsandavertdemons.TodayitisaningredientinAyurvedictreatmentsandinFriar’sBalsam,awarmingtinctureusedtofightcoldsandtheflu.Nativetotropical
Asia,thisshrubby,deciduoustreehasclustersofwhite,bell-shapedflowersandpointed,ovalleaves.
OilandBlendingInformationSolventextractionisusedonbenzoingumtoproduceanorange-brownoilthathasasweet-balsamic,slightlywoody,vanilla-likescent.Strength:3ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:middletobasePlantPart:SoBelow/Resins
Warning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesBenzoinisapowerfulallyformagic.Itcanincreasetherateofsuccessforspellsaswellasbreakhexes.Useittoattractmoney,comfort,andsuccessaswellasfor protection. Benzoin is effective for clearing negativity—especially in thehome—to make way for prosperity. Powerful purification properties make itgood for ritual preparation and altar consecration. It awakens the mind forinspirationandreachinghigherlevelsofconsciousness.Usebenzoinforfocusaswell as psychic protection during astral projection and channeling.Benzoin isalso associated with the emotions, healing, and the ability to banish anythingunwanted.Alsouseitmagicallyforstrength,vitality,andwisdom.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Gemini,Leo,Scorpio,TaurusSolarSystem:Mars,Mercury,
Sun,VenusElements:air,water
BergamotBotanicalName:Citrusbergamiasyn.C.aurantiumvar.bergamiaFamily:RutaceaeBergamotisbelievedtobeahybridofthelemon(Citruslimon)andbitterorange(Citrusaurantium)treesandhasbeenknowntogrowintheMediterraneanregionsincetheearly1700s.Ithasfragrantwhiteflowers,
smoothovalleaves,andyellowfruitthatresembleoranges.ItsnameisbelievedtohavecomefromthecityofBergamoinnorthernItaly,wheredistillationofits
oilmayhaveoriginated.Alternatively,thenamemayhavecomefromtheTurkishwordbeg-armudu,whichmeans“prince’spear.”21Bergamothasbeenusedinperfumerysincetheeighteenthcentury.Oneofitsculinaryusesprovides
thedistinctiveflavorofEarlGreytea.
OilandBlendingInformationThe fruit peel is cold-pressed, producing a light greenish-yellow oil with asweet-fruity,slightlyfloralscent.Strength:2ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlant Part: AsAbove/FruitWarning:
causesphotosensitivityMagicalUsesUse bergamot for protection, especially psychic protection when dark powersseemtocastshadowsoverlife.Alsouseittoovercomeorremovehexes.Thisoil aids in letting go of toxic emotions, restoring peace after a quarrel, andencouraginghappiness.Italsohelpstoopenawarenessfordreamwork.Employbergamot in spells to aid in legal matters as well as attract luck, money, andprosperity. It is a good oil for divination and spirit communication. Bergamothelps focus energy formanifesting success andwealth.Use it for control andstrength when dealing with problems. Bergamot is also associated withconfidence,courage,kindness,love,andwell-being.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Gemini,VirgoSolarSystem:Saturn,SunElements:earth, fire,water
Birch,WhiteBotanicalName:BetulaalbaFamily:BetulaceaeAlsoKnownAs:European
whitebirch,ladyofthewoods,paperbirch,silverbirchAccordingtoonetheory,thenamebirchmayhavebeenderivedfromtheSanskritbhurga,whichmeans“atreewhosebarkisusedforwritingupon.”22Thisslendertreeismostnotedforitssilvery-whitebarkthatpeelsoffinsheets.Birchhaspointed,ovalleavesandproducesbothmaleandfemalecatkins.ItwasusedmedicinallythroughoutEuropeforcenturies,andinRussiaitwasasymbolofhealth,cleansing,andpurification.Birchwasatraditionalwoodforbobbinsandbroomhandles,andeventuallyitbecameaffiliatedwithWitches.InwesternEngland,crossesmadeofbirchtwigswerehungoverdoorwaystoprotectagainstenchantment.Becauseofitsassociationwithfairies,itwasusedfordecorationsonMayDay,andinWalesbirchtreetrunkswereoftenusedasMaypoles.Itis,ofcourse,an
ingredientinbirchbeer.
OilandBlendingInformationThe leafbudsaresteam-distilled toproduceapaleyellowoil. Ithasawoody,balsamicscent.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: base Plant Part: As Above/Leaves
Warning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesBirchisoneoftheclassicninewoodsthatweregatheredforritualfires.Useittoclear negativity before ritual and for protection duringmagic work. It is alsouseful for purification and attracting abundance. As a symbol of birth andrenewal,birchhelpsuslearnfromthepastwhenmakingafreshstart.Employitfordivination,lovespells,andtoattractfairies.Birchaidsinopeningthemindandexpandingawarenesstoreceiveinspiration,blessings,andwisdom.Itisalsoassociated with creativity, intuition, and spirits. Use birch to aid in personalgrowth,healing,andgeneralwell-being.Whenusedfor focusingenergy,birchbringsclarityandopensthewayforknowledgeandfindingone’spurposeinlife.Itisalsoassociatedwithdefense,determination,fertility,security,andstability.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Capricorn,SagittariusSolarSystem: Jupiter,Moon,Sun,VenusCelebrations:Beltane,Ostara,Yule
Elements: air, waterGoddesses: Arianrhod, Cerridwen, Freya, Frigg, KupulaGods:Angus,theDagda,Lugh,ThorCajeputBotanicalName:Melaleucacajeputi,syn.M.leucadendronFamily:MyrtaceaeAlsoKnownAs:paperbarktree,swampteatree,whiteteatree,whitewood
Reachingaheightof130feet,thistreehaspalegreen,pointedleavesandspikesofwhiteflowerclusters.Cajeput’sdistinguishingcharacteristicisitswhitish
barkthateasilyflakesandpeels.ItgrowswildinSoutheastAsia,thePhilippines,andAustralia,whereitisindigenous.Duringthe1600s,theDutchintroduceditintoEurope,whereitbecamepartofthepharmacist’sarsenalfor
manycenturies.
OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationoftheleavesandtwigsproducesapaleyellow-greenoil.Thescentisfresh,camphoraceous,andslightlyfruity.Strength:3ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:SoBelow/Twigs
andLeavesWarning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesAlthoughcajeputisnotwidelyusedinmagicandritual,itcanprovidebalanceand stabilitywhen combinedwith other oils.Cajeput stimulates themind andstrengthens courage. It aids in creative and sexual expression as well astransformation.This oil helpsbuildor rebuild a solid senseof self for growthand healing. Cajeput is also associated with determination, protection, andsecurity.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:SaturnElements:earth,fireCamphorBotanicalName:CinnamomumcamphoraFamily:LauraceaeAlsoKnownAs:laurelcamphor,truecamphor,whitecamphorWhiletheancientJapanese
believedthatthistreehadpowerovertheelements,theBuddhistsandTaoistsinChinaplantedcamphoraroundtheirtemplesforpurification.Inthethirteenth
century,MarcoPolonotedthatcamphoroilwasaprizedmedicinalandembalmingingredientintheEast,andbythelateseventeenthcenturyitwas
usedmedicinallythroughoutEurope.NativetoJapanandTaiwan,camphorisanevergreenwithleavesthatstartoutredbutturndarkgreenovertime.Itssmall,
whiteflowersgrowinclusters,anditsoval-shapedberriesarered.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the wood and bark of camphor produces three fractions orgrades of oil.White is the lightest, brown is themiddle, andyellow,which isbluish-greenoryellowincolor,istheheaviest.Thebrownandyellowgradesaretoxicaswellascarcinogenicandshouldbeavoided.Whitecamphoriscolorlesstopaleyellowwithasharpanddistinctivescentcalledcamphoraceous.Strength:5ScentGroup:resinousPerfumeNote:middletotopPlant Part: So Below/Wood and Bark Warnings: avoid during pregnancy;
avoid if you have epilepsy or other seizure disorder; not compatible withhomeopathictreatment;useinmoderationMagicalUsesCamphorhasstrongcleansingandbanishingpropertiesthatareinstrumentalinclearing away negative energy. It is especially good for clearing the home.Camphor’s power to subdue sexual desire can be useful after ending arelationshipaswellaswhencelibacyorchastityaredesired.Useit toincreaseand strengthen psychic power and to enhance divination and dreamwork. It issupportive for moon and element magic. Camphor aids in keeping the mindfocused in the present as well as awakening past-life memories. It can bringemotional clarity when growth and/or healing is sought. Camphor is alsoassociatedwithbalance,cycles,protection,purpose,andstrength.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Pisces Solar System: Moon Elements: air, earth, water
Goddess:KuanYinTheCanangaOilsBotanicalFamily:AnnonaceaeCanangatreesaretropicalevergreensfromAsiawithlance-shapedleavesandlargeflowersthatcanbemauve,pink,oryellow.Whilethetreethatproducesylang-ylangisavarietyofthecananga,itsoilis
consideredsuperior.Thatsaid,canangaisaniceoilinitsownrightthatisoftenusedasasubstituteforylang-ylangbecauseitislessexpensive.
CanangaBotanicalName:CanangaodorataThespeciesnamemeans“fragrant”or
“sweet-smelling.”DuringtheVictorianera(1837–1901),oilfromthecanangawasusedasahairtreatmentcalledMacassaroil.
OilandBlendingInformationTheflowersaresteam-distilled,producingagreenish-yellowoil.Ithasasweet,floral,andslightlywoodyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:floralPerfumeNote:middletobasePlantPart:AsAbove/FlowersWarning:possiblesensitizationYlang-YlangBotanicalName:Canangaodoratavar.genuineAlsoknownas:theflowerofflowersYlang-ylangisafloweroftraditions.IntheSouthPacific,ylang-ylang
flowersarestrungtogethertomakethefamousnecklacescalledleis.InIndonesia,ylang-ylangflowersaresprinkledacrosstheweddingbedtoensurea
sweetfirstnight.
OilandBlendingInformationAcolorless topaleyellowoil isproducedbysteamorwaterdistillationof theflowers.Ithasaslightlyspicy,sweet,floralscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:floralPerfumeNote:middletobasePlantPart:AsAbove/FlowersWarning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUses
Theseoilspromotepositiveenergyandhelpbringpeaceandbeautytothehome.They stimulate intuition and promote creativity. Ideal for divination, they alsoaid in dreamwork and communicationwith spirits. These oils provide a greatdeal of supportive energy during times of transition and exploration of one’sdeeper spirituality. They are effective in spells to attract a lover, heightensensuality,andtoattractattention.Usethemforfairymagicandtoattractfairies.Theseoilsarealsoassociatedwithbalance,determination,fertility,healing,andthehome.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Pisces, Taurus Solar System: Mercury, Moon, Venus Elements: air,
earth,waterGods:Elegua,Obalata,OggunCarawayBotanicalName:CarumcarviFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoknownas:cariumNativetoEuropeandwesternAsia,carawayisanherbwithridgedstems,featheryleaves,andumbelsofwhiteflowers.Carawayseedshavehadculinaryandmedicinalusessinceancienttimes.TheywerepopularwiththeEgyptians,Greeks,andRomansandlaterthroughoutEuropeandtheMiddleEast.
AccordingtotheRomannaturalistandphilosopherPliny(23–79CE),theplantwasnamedfortheCariaregioninAsiaMinor.23InEuropetherewasabeliefthatanythingcontainingcarawaycouldnotbetaken,whichresultedinasaying,“Feedyourlovercarawayandhecannotbestolenfromyou.”24Extendingthatfurther,peoplefedtheirchickens,pigeons,andgeesecarawayseedstokeep
themfromwanderingoff.Carawaywasalsousedasamultifunctionalprotectoragainstevilspirits.
OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationoftheseedsproducesacolorlessorpaleyellowtoyellowish-brownoil.Thescentissweet-spicyandwarm.Strength:5ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsWarning:maycauseskinirritation
MagicalUsesCaraway is effective when there is a problem in keeping or retaining things,including magical tools as well as secrets. While caraway is effective inpreventing the loss of a lover, it can also help renew a relationship. It isinstrumentalinstimulatingcycles,increasingluck,andmaintainingwell-being.Usecarawaytorestoreconfidence,encouragefidelity,andtoinitiatechanges.Itis effective in sex and elementmagic aswell as dreamwork.Caraway is alsoassociatedwithfertility,luck,memories,themind,protection,andrenewal.
CorrespondencesZodiac:GeminiSolarSystem:MercuryElements:air,fireCardamomBotanicalName:ElettariacardamomumFamily:ZingiberaceaeAlsoKnownAs:cardamomi,IndianspiceplantCardamomisoneoftheoldest-knownspicesand
hasbeenusedmedicinallyforover3,000yearsinChinaandIndia.TheEgyptiansuseditforperfumes,whiletheGreeksfavoreditforculinaryand
medicinalpurposes.ItsspeciesandcommonnamescomefromtheGreeknamefortheplant.25Today,itisstillextensivelyusedasaspiceaswellasaflavoringforcoffeeandliqueurs.NativetotropicalAsia,cardamomhaslance-likeleavesandyellowish-whiteflowersthataremarkedwithastrikingmauveveinpattern.
Thisherbcangrowupto15feettall.
OilandBlendingInformationAcolorless topaleyellowoil isproducedbysteamdistillationof theseeds. Ithasawarm,sweet-spicyscentwithawoodyundertone.Strength:4Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So
Below/SeedsMagicalUsesCardamomupliftsthemind,aidingconcentration,creativity,anddivination.Itissaidtobeanaphrodisiacthatincreasessexualappetiteandmakesalovermorepassionate.Cardamomalsoincreasesloveandstrengthenspartnerships.Useittoboostsexmagicaswellasstimulatedesiresandlust.Thisoilpromoteshealingby coming into balance. It boosts confidence and courage through clarity ofpurpose.Cardamomisalsoassociatedwithbeginningsandcycles.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Cancer, Pisces, TaurusSolar System: Venus Elements: earth,
fire,waterGoddesses:Erzulie,Hecate
CarrotBotanicalName:DaucuscarotaFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:bee’snest,bird’snest,QueenAnne’slace,wildcarrotThecommonnamesofbee’snestandbird’snestcomefromthetendencyoftheflowerheadtocurveupward,formingabasket.NativetoEurope,Asia,andnorthernAfrica,wildcarrothasathree-foot-tall,erectstem,featheryleaves,andflat,greenseeds.Althoughitsfleshy,orangerootismuchsmallerthantoday’scultivatedcarrot,itwasacommonfoodforancientGreeksandRomans.WhentheplantwasintroducedintoBritaininthesixteenthcentury,theflowersandleavesbecamepopularhairaccessories.Thelargeflowerheadactuallyconsistsofnumeroustiny,whiteflowerswitha
redorpurpleoneatthecenter.Accordingtolegend,thecenterflowersymbolizedadropofbloodfromQueenAnne(1665–1714),whoprickedher
fingerwhilemakinglace.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the seeds produces a yellow or amber-colored oil with aherbaceous,woody-earthy,andslightlyspicyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAboveandSo
Below/SeedsMagicalUsesThis humble plant is associated with sex—ranging from male fertility toconception to heightening lust. Use this oil for sexmagic as well as elementmagic. Carrot is also instrumental for purifying ritual space and clearingnegativity ingeneral.Employ it to initiatechangeandbringrenewal.Carrot isalsoassociatedwithbalance,beginnings,cycles,andhealing.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mars,MercuryElements:earth, fireCassia:See theCinnamon
Oils
CatnipBotanicalName:NepetacatariaFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:catmint,catnep,cat’sfancy,cat’splay,cat’swort,fieldbalmApopularculinaryand
medicinalherbindigenoustoEurope,catnip’sgenusnamecomesfromthetownofNepeteinItaly,whereitwasusedforcooking.26Inpre-ElizabethanEngland,catnipwaspopularasanafternoontea—moreforeconomicreasonsthantaste.HerbalistCulpeperrecommendedmixingitwithwineasaremedyforsomeailments.Catnipisaperennialherbwithheart-shaped,grayish-greenleaves.Growingindensewhorls,itswhiteflowersaremarkedwithpurplespots.
OilandBlendingInformationTheflowertopsaresteam-distilledtoproduceapaleyellowtoorangeoil.Ithasaherbaceousscentwithasubduedhintofmint.Strength:4Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As
Above/FlowersMagicalUsesUsecatnipforanimalandelementmagicandtoattractbenevolentspirits. It iseffectiveforincreasingpsychicabilitiesandforbondingpsychicallywithacat.Catnipalsoaidsindreamandpsychicwork.Useittoattractloveandfriendshipaswellasgoodlucktothehome.It isalsohelpful toinvitebeauty,happiness,and peace into your life. Catnip enhances couragewhen called on to provideprotection.Thisoilcanaid inhealingordealingwithproblemsoffertilityandsexuality. Itboostsenergyand increasesvitality.Catnip isalsoassociatedwithawareness,memories,andstrength.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Libra, Pisces Solar System: Venus Elements: air, water
Celebration:SamhainGoddesses:Bast,SekhmetTheCedarwoodOilsCedarshavebeencalledthetreeoflife(ArborVitae),notonlybecauseof theirmajestic stature but also because they provided many essentials of daily life.Technically,Virginiacedarwoodisajuniper;however,becauseofitsscent,itiscalledacedar.
Cedarwood,AtlasBotanicalName:CedrusAtlanticaFamily:PinaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Africancedar,Atlanticcedar,MoroccancedarwoodNativetotheAtlasMountainsofAlgeriaandMorocco,Atlascedarreachesalmost100feetinheightandhasanelegantpyramidshape.ItsgenusnameCedruscomesfromtheArabicwordkedron,meaning“power.”27Egyptiansusedcedarinperfumes,cosmetics,andritualincense.Associatedwithcedar,CedreatiswasanepithetofArtemis,
whoseimagestoodinalargecedartreeoutsidethetownofOrchomenusintheArcadiaregionofGreece.
OilandBlendingInformationThe wood is steam-distilled, producing an oil that is deep amber, yellow, ororangeincolor.Ithasawarm,woody,andslightlyspicyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: So
Below/Wood and Bark Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may cause skinirritationCedarwood,VirginiaBotanicalName:JuniperusvirginianaFamily:CupressaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
redcedar,easternredcedarIndigenoustoNorthAmerica,thismajesticconiferoustreealsogrowstoabout100feettallandcanhaveatrunkdiameteroverfivefeet.Ithasapyramid-shapedcrownandproducessmall,browncones.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the wood produces a pale yellow or orange oil that is oftencalledAmericanredcedarwoodoil.Ithasaclean,sweet-balsamic,woodyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: So
Below/Wood and Bark Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may cause skinirritation;useinmoderationMagicalUsesCedarwood stimulates dreamwork and strengthens psychic abilitieswith focusandclarity.Itsupportselementmagic,clairvoyance,andallformsofdivinationwhileofferingpsychicprotection.Associatedwithsacredgrovesandspirituality,cedarwood aids in communicating with spirits. Its purification properties areexcellent for consecratingamulets andcleansingmagic tools.Thesepropertiesalsoserve tobanishhexesandwardoff the intentionsofnegativepeople.Usetheseoilsinspellstoattractloveortokeepaloverfaithful,aswellastoattractluck,money, andwealth.Cedarwood is effectivewhen dealingwith death forproviding comfort and peace as well as finding emotional release. These oilsfoster security and stability by increasing confidence, determination, andcourage. Use them for inspiration when seeking peace of mind. Supportinggrowth and renewal, cedarwood boosts healing, vitality, and longevity.Cedarwoodisalsoassociatedwithfertility,friendship,justice,andsuccess.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Sagittarius, Taurus Solar System: Jupiter, Mercury, Sun
Elements: air, earth, fire, water Celebrations: Beltane, Imbolc, Mabon, YuleGoddesses:Arianrhod,Artemis,Astarte,Brigid,PersephoneGods:Aegir,Baal,Ea,Odin,Osiris,RaCeleryBotanicalName:ApiumgraveolensFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:marshparsley,smallage,wildceleryNativetoBritainandEurope,thisfamiliar
vegetablehaslong,groovedstalks,deeplylobedleaves,andumbelsofwhiteflowers.Celery’sgenusnameisbelievedtohavecomefromanearlyIndo-
Europeanwordfor“water,”whichseemsappropriateastheplantismostoftenfoundinwetsoils.HerbalistNicholasCulpepernotedthatitwasused
medicinallyforarangeofcomplaints.
OilandBlendingInformationA pale yellow to orange-colored oil is produced by steam distillation of theseeds.Ithasasweetandspicy-warmscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:AsAboveandSo
Below/Seeds Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may cause sensitizationMagicalUsesThis oil is very grounding, which is an asset for bringing mental clarity forpsychicwork,astraltravel,andpropheticdreaming.Celeryalsohelpstoincreaseandhonedivinationskillsaswellasstimulatecreativity.Useitinsexmagictoincreasepassionandfidelity.Thisoilaidsinself-workforhealing,renewal,andcomingintobalancewiththeworldaroundyou.Itcanhelpsparkinspirationforinitiating changes and establishing new beginnings. Celery is also associatedwithcycles,protection,andbreakinghexes.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mercury,MoonElements:air,earth,fire,waterTheChamomile
OilsBotanicalFamily:AsteraceaeThenamechamomilecomesfromtheGreekchamailmelon,meaning“earthapple,”whichdescribesthescentofRomanchamomile.GermanandRomanchamomilehavebeenpopularinEuropean
medicinesinceantiquityandhavebeenusedinterchangeably.Bothplantshavesmall,daisy-likeflowersandfeatheryleaves.
GermanChamomileBotanicalName:Matricariarecutica,syn.M.chamomillaAlsoKnownAs:bluechamomile,Hungarianchamomile,wildchamomileGermanchamomileisan
erectherbwithabranchingstemthatcangrowupto24inchestall.ItitindigenoustoEuropeandnorthwestAsia.DuringtheMiddleAges,Europeans
useditasastrewingherbonfloorstocombatpestsandodor.
OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationoftheflowerheadsproducesaninky-blueessentialoil.Ithasawarm,herbaceous,sweetscent.Strength:4Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: As
Above/FlowersWarning:maycauseskinirritationRomanChamomileBotanicalName:Chamaemelumnobilissyn.AnthemisnobilisAlsoKnownAs:Englishchamomile,sweetchamomile,truechamomileRomanchamomileisasmall(10incheshigh),spreadingherbthathasbeenusedmedicinallyforover2,000years.ItisnativetosouthernandwesternEurope.ThewordRomanwasattachedtoitsnamebyGermanphysicianandbotanistJoachimCamerarius
(1534–1598),whofounditgrowingjustoutsidethecityofRome.28TheAnglo-Saxonscalleditamythenandconsidereditoneoftheninesacredherbsof
Woden.
OilandBlendingInformationTheflowerheadsaresteam-distilled,producingapaleblueoilthatturnsyellowwithage.Ithasaherbaceous,sweet,apple-likescent.Strength:4Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Flowers
Warning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesWell known for physical and emotional healing, chamomile brings clarity andsuccess in communication. It aids in dreamwork and divination, and groundsenergy for psychic work—especially Roman chamomile for channeling.Chamomile supports determination when dealing with problems and providesprotection against hexes. Use these oils in spells to attract beauty, love, luck,money, and prosperity. Additionally, chamomile can be instrumental whenseeking peace, justice, and personal growth. Chamomile also stimulatescreativity, intuition, and spiritual vibrations, and helps manifest desires. Usechamomile to purify and consecrate altars as well as ritual and magic tools.Chamomileisalsoassociatedwithabundance,control,fertility,andsexuality.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Leo Solar System: Sun Elements: air, water Celebrations:
Litha,Walpurgis,YuleGods:Balder,CernunnosTheCinnamonOilsBotanicalFamily:LauraceaeTechnically,camphorcouldbelistedherewithcinnamonandcassiabecauseitsharesthesamegenus,butIchosetoinclude
hereonlythosethatsharethefamiliarcinnamonscent.
CassiaBotanicalName:CinnamomumcassiaAlsoKnownAs:bastardcinnamon,Chinesecinnamon,falsecinnamonThereisaChinesemythaboutagigantic
cassiatree,andanyonewhoateofitbecameimmortal.GreeksandRomansusedcassiaasaritualofferinginthebeliefthatitpleasedthegods.IthasbeenusedincookingthroughoutEuropesincetheMiddleAges,especiallyforspicingwine.NativetopartsofsoutheastChina,cassiaisaslenderevergreentreewithsmall,whiteflowersandleatheryleaves.Inadditiontoproducingmoreoil,cassiabark
isdarkerandcoarserthancinnamonanditsaromaisstronger.
OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareproducedfromcassiatrees.The oil steam-distilled from the leaves is brownish-yellow with a sweet,
woody-spicyscentreminiscentoftruecinnamon.Strength:4ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:topPlantPart:AsAbove/LeavesWarnings:
avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinOilfromthebarkiswaterdistilled.Itisdarkbrownandhasaspicy-warm,resinousscentalsoreminiscentoftruecinnamon.Strength:4ScentGroup: spicyPerfumeNote: topPlantPart:SoBelow/WoodandBark
Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinCinnamonBotanicalName:CinnamomumzeylanicumAlsoKnownAs:Ceyloncinnamon,Madagascarcinnamon,truecinnamonCinnamonisanevergreentreewithreddish-brownbark,leatheryleaves,andyellow-whiteflowers.ItsbotanicalnamemeansthatitcamefromCeylon,theformernameofSriLanka.29Oneoftheworld’smostimportantspices,cinnamonhasbeenusedforculinaryandmedicinalpurposesinChinaandIndiaforover4,000years.Itwasapopular
tradecommodityamongtheEgyptians,Greeks,andRomans.
OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareproducedusingsteamorwaterdistillation.Oilfromtheleavesisyellowtobrownishincolorandhasawarm,spicyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves
Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy,maycauseskinirritation;useinmoderationOilfromtheinnerbarkispaletodarkyellowwithawarm,spicy,andslightlywoodyscent.Strength:5ScentGroup: spicyPerfumeNote: middle Plant Part: So Below/Wood and
BarkWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinMagicalUsesUsecinnamonorcassiaoil tosparkawareness,stimulatepsychicabilities,andsupport astral travel. These oils aid in divination and dreamwork, and areeffective indefensiveandsexmagic.Alsouse themto increase thepowerandsuccess of spells, and to support clairvoyance. They are effective forconsecratingamuletsandmagictoolsaswellasraisingenergyforritual.Theseoils promote balance (bark oil), concentration, inspiration, and creativity.Dispellingnegativeenergy,theypromotehighervibrationalenergy(leafoil)forspiritualpurificationandgrowth(leafoil).Additionally,use theseoils inspellsto attract and strengthen love as well as to support protection (bark oil) andenhanceoverallsecurity.Theyalsoincreasepassion,lust,anddesires.Cinnamonandcassiaareeffectiveforbolsteringhealing,longevity,andrenewal.Usetheseoilstostrengthenyoursenseofpurpose(leafoil)whenconfrontingproblemsaswellas increasing luck,money,andprosperity inyour life.Thecinnamonoilsarealsoassociatedwithdefense,justice,andknowledge.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,Capricorn,LeoSolar System: Jupiter,Mercury, SunElement:
fire Goddesses: Aphrodite, Venus Gods: Asclepeus, Dionysus, Helios, RaCitronella
BotanicalName:CymbopogonnardusFamily:PoaceaeAlsoKnownAs:lenabatu,managrass,nardgrass,SriLankacitronellaAnyonewhoenjoys
backyardcookoutsisfamiliarwithanti-mosquitocitronellacandles.TheplantwasintroducedintoEuropeduringthe1800sforuseasaroomdisinfectantandinsectrepellenttothwartmothsinlinencupboards.Catsandrodentsarenotfondofit,either.IndigenoustoSriLanka,India,andJava,citronellaisatallperennialgrasswithcane-likestemsandgray-greenleaves.ForcenturiescitronellaoilwasacomponentinChinesemedicine,butfoundamorepopularuseintheWestto
scentinexpensivehouseholdsoaps.
OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves are steam-distilled to produce a yellow-brown oil with a fresh,lemony-sweet,andherbaceousscent.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above/Leaves
Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesOne of citronella’s strongest properties is purification, and it is especiallypowerful for protecting and purifying the aura for psychic work. It clearsnegativityandavertsnegativeforces, includingovercominghexesbyreturningtheenergytoitssource.Citronellaisinstrumentalinattractingfriends,love,andprosperity.Useittoboostdefensiveandelementmagicaswellastogroundandcenterenergybeforeandaftermagicwork.Thisoilalsohelpstofocusthemindfor communication and creativity. Citronella is also associated with growth,knowledge,purpose,strength,andvitality.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Sun,VenusElements:air,fireClarySage:SeetheSageOils
CloveBotanicalName:Syzygiumaromaticumsyn.EugeniacaryophyllataFamily:MyrtaceaeThefamiliarcloveisactuallyadried,unopenedflowerbud.Onthetree,thebudsgrowinclustersalongwithlarge,bright-greenleaves.BelievedtohaveoriginatedinIndonesia,thispyramid-shapedevergreenhasaspeciesnamethatmeans“aromatic”or“fragrant.”ItwasacustomontheMalukuIslands,partofIndonesia,toplantaclovetreewhenachildwasbornsoheorshewouldhaveanindicationoftheirage.Inadditiontobeingoneoftheearliestspicesusedintrade,itwasalsoanall-purposemedicine.Todayclovesareusedformedicinal
andculinarypurposesworldwide.
OilandBlendingInformationTwoessentialoilsareobtainedfromthistree.The flowerbuds arewateror steam-distilled, producing apaleyellowoil. It
hasasweet-spicyscentwithafruityhint.Strength:5Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Flowers
Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskinirritation;useinmoderationTheleavesaresteam-distilled,producingadarkbrownoilwithaburnt-woodyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves
Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskinirritation;useinmoderationMagicalUsesCloveisexceptionalatbanishingnegativeenergyandentities,makingitagoodamuletagainstharm.Useittoreleasehexesaswellastoincreasethesuccessofyour spells. This oil provides protection during energy work (leaf oil),divination, and clairvoyance sessions. In addition, it stimulates the mind,promotes psychic awareness, and increases magical powers. Use clove oil inspellstoattractmoney,love,prosperity,andluck.Clovesupportsemotionalandsexual(budoil)healingandencouragespersonalgrowth(leafoil).Useittobindand strengthen relationships, especially friendships in which there have beenproblems.Becausecloveimprovesmemory,useittoaccessancientknowledgeaswellaswhenseekingtruthandpurpose(leafoil).Itcanalsohelpbringbeauty(bud oil), comfort, happiness, and longevity to your life. Clove increasescreativity aswell as spiritual vibrations,making it useful for purifying sacredspace. Clove is also associated with beginnings (bud oil), courage,determination,fertility(budoil),inspiration,lust,andwealth.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Leo, Pisces, Sagittarius, ScorpioSolar System: Jupiter,Mars,
Mercury,SunElements:air,earth,fireCorianderBotanicalName:CoriandrumsativumFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
Chineseparsley,cilantroCorianderhasbeencultivatedforover3,000yearsandisoneoftheoldestknownflavorings.Thisannualherbhasdelicateleavesandumbelsofwhiteflowers.CorianderisnativetosouthernEuropeandwesternAsiaandcangrowalmostthreefeettall.TheChineseassociatedthisspicewithimmortality,andinIndiaitisstillusedasanofferingtodeities.InancientEgypt,
itwascalledthespiceofhappinessandusedasanaphrodisiacaswellasafuneraryoffering.30TheGreeksandtheRomansuseditmedicinallyandasaflavoringforwine.ForcenturiesEuropeanmonkscarriedonthecustomof
flavoringwineandtonicswithit.Corianderisstillwidelyusedasaculinaryandmedicinalherb.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling theseedsproducesacolorless topaleyellowoilwithasweet,spicy-woodyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So
Below/SeedsWarning:useinmoderationMagicalUsesCorianderisanaidforclairvoyance,divination,andaccessingmemories.Useittofindalover,excitepassion,andkeephimorherfaithful.Thisoiliseffectivefor element and sex magic as well as to consecrate charms and amulets. Itspowersofprotectionworkagainstnegativeinfluences,especiallyforthehome,bringingpeaceandsecurity.Corianderisinstrumentalforhealingandwell-beingon many levels, especially emotional balance. It also supports fertility andlongevity.Additionally,corianderisassociatedwithbeginnings,changes,cycles,renewal,andsecrets.
CorrespondencesZodiac:AriesSolarSystem:Mars,VenusElement:fireCumin
BotanicalName:CuminumcyminumFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:cummin,RomancarawayIndigenoustoUpperEgypt,cuminwasusedforculinaryandmedicinalpurposesbytheancientEgyptians,Greeks,andHebrews.The
Romansuseditforflavoringandasapreservative.DuringtheMiddleAgesinItalyitwasasymboloflove,whileinGermanycuminwasbakedintobreadtokeepaloverwhoateitfaithful.AtthattimeitwasoneofthemostcommonspicesinEurope.Cuminisasmall,delicateherbwithfeatheryleaves,pinkorwhiteflowers,andridged,oblongseeds.ItsnamecomesfromtheSanskrit
sughandan,meaning“goodsmelling.”31
OilandBlendingInformationApaleyelloworgreenishoilisproducedbysteamdistillationoftheseeds.Ithasawarm,spicy,andslightlyearthyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So
Below/Seeds Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; causes photosensitivityMagicalUsesThis oil is helpful for releasing negative emotions aswell as negativity in theenvironment, and it is instrumental in restoring domestic peace. Use it forprotectionandtoattractprosperity.Additionally,itaidsinfindinglove,keepinga lover faithful, and sparking lust. Cumin helps bring balance between thespiritualand themundane,and isuseful forpurification.Use it to increase theeffectivenessof spells aswell as to instigate change.Cumin is also associatedwithbeginnings,cycles,longevity,andrenewal.
MagicalCorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,ScorpioSolarSystem:Mars,VenusElement:fireCypress
BotanicalName:CupressussempervirensFamily:CupressaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Frenchcypress,Italiancypress,MediterraneancypressCypressisaconical-shaped,evergreentreewithbrownish-grayconesandslenderbranches.Its
speciesnamemeans“ever-living,”reflectingitssymbolismoflifeafterdeath.32
OriginatingintheeasternMediterraneanregion,thistreewashighlyvaluedformedicinalandreligiouspurposessinceancienttimes.InEgyptitwasdedicatedtoOsiris,thegodofthedead,andinGreeceitwasdedicatedtoPluto,thegodof
theUnderworld.InGreeklegend,CyparissuswastransformedintoatreebecauseofhisoverwhelmingsorrowatkillingoneofApollo’sstags.
Accordingly,cypressbecameasymbolofsolace.TheTibetansburnedcypressforpurification,whilethePhoeniciansusedthewoodforshipbuilding.
OilandBlendingInformationTheneedlesandtwigsaresteam-distilled,producinganoilthatispaleyellowtogreenish-oliveincolor.Ithasawoodyandslightlynutty-spicyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: So
Below/TwigsandLeavesMagicalUsesThis oil is a powerful ally when dealing with death and loss, especially toprovide comfort and healing. Use it at Samhain to remember and honorancestors. Cypress is effective for centering and grounding energy before andafterritual.Useittoconsecrateandblessritualobjectsaswellasfordefensivemagic.Cypress is supportiveof spells thatbanish,bind,orprovideprotection.Thisoilaidsinself-workwhenseekingtruth,peace,andknowledgeaswellasgrowth and renewal. Additionally, it is instrumental developing awareness,focus, and clarity in divination and channeling. Use cypress for strength andwisdom when seeking justice. It is also associated with balance, changes,happiness,release,andtransformation.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Capricorn,Pisces,Taurus,VirgoSolarSystem:Pluto,Saturn
Elements: earth, water Celebration: Samhain Gods: Apollo, Cupid, Hades,Jupiter,Pluto,SaturnGoddesses:Aphrodite,Artemis,Astarte,Diana,HecateDillBotanicalName:AnethumgraveolensFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:dillweed,dillseed,dilly,gardendillThisplant’scommonnamecomesfromtheNorsedylla,meaning“tosoothe,”anditsspeciesnamemeans“strong-
scented.”33NativetosouthernEurope,dillcanreachaboutthreefeetinheight,hasfeatheryleaves,umbelsofyellowishflowers,andsmall,flatseeds.In
additiontobeingassociatedwiththecultofDionysus,thisplantwasusedasofferingstoAdonisandBacchus.LaterduringtheMiddleAges,dillwasapopularingredientinlovepotionsandcommonlyusedtoprovideprotection
fromWitchesandevilspirits.
OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareproducedbysteamorwaterdistillation.The oil from the seeds is colorless to pale yellowwith a fresh,warm-spicy
scent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So
Below/SeedsTheoilfromtheleavesisalsocolorlesstopaleyellowbutwithasweet-spicyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves
MagicalUsesWithahistoryofuseinlovepotions,dillalsohelpstoovercomelovehexes.Itishelpful for findingbalance(seedoil)where lustanddesireareconcerned.Usedillindefensivemagicandtoavertblackmagicfromthehome.Itcanalsohelpattract luck and wealth. This oil protects against evil deeds and spirits, andfunctions well for general protection as well as purification. Employ it forsuccess in court and any time defense is needed.Dill can help attractmoney,prosperity, and security. Use it to boost creativity (seed oil) and supportdivination.Dill isparticularlyeffective instrengtheningthemindforacquiringknowledge and wisdom as well as solving problems and determining one’spurpose(leafoil).Dillseedoilisalsoassociatedwithbeginnings,changes,andrenewal;theleafoilisassociatedwithenergyandgrowth.Bothtypesofdilloilareassociatedwithcycles.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,Gemini,Leo,Scorpio,VirgoSolarSystem:MercuryElements:
air, fire Celebration: Walpurgis Gods: Adonis, Bacchus, Dionysus Goddess:KupalaElemiBotanicalName:CanariumluzonicumFamily:BurseraceaeReachingabout100feetinheight,thiscousintofrankincenseandmyrrhhasdark,oblongleavesandyellowish-whiteflowers.WhileelemiisindigenoustothePhilippinesandpartsofIndonesia,itwasknownthroughouttheancientworld.ItscommonnamecomesfromanArabicwordmeaning“aboveandbelow.”34Elemiwas
mentionedasaspiceforembalmingintheEgyptianpapyrusofEbers(circa1550BCE);andinancientRome,gladiatorsrubbeditontheirbodiesfor
protectionbeforeenteringthering.SincetheMiddleAges,elemihasbeenusedmedicinallyandasincensetoenhancemeditation.
OilandBlendingInformationAcolorlesstoverypaleyellowoilisproducedthroughsteamdistillationofthegum.Ithasaspicy,lemon-like,andslightlycamphoraceousscent.Strength:2Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: So Below/Resins
MagicalUsesElemi isespeciallyeffective forpromotingclarityandfocus.Use it tobalancethe spiritual and mundane, and for grounding energy after ritual. It can beinstrumental inspiritualdevelopment,openingoneself tomysticalexperiences,andenhancingpsychicabilities.Elemiaids inhealingandoverallvitality. It isalsoassociatedwithcontrolandpurpose.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mercury,UranusTheEucalyptusOilsFamily:MyrtaceaeThegenusandcommonnameofthesetreescomesfromtheGreekeukalypto,meaning“covered”or“wrapped,”whichdescribeshowthehangingseedpodsalmostcoveryoungflowerbuds.IndigenoustoAustralia,
eucalyptusisthemostwidelyknowntreatmentforthecommoncold.
Eucalyptus,BlueGumBotanicalName:EucalyptusglobulesAlsoKnownAs:fevertree,gumtree,
southernbluegumAbsorbinggreatamountsofwater,theextensiverootsystemsofthesetreeswereemployedtoridareasofmosquito-infestedwetlandsinAustralia.Itscamphoraceousscentalsoaidedtheeffortbyfunctioningasaninsectrepellent.Thishugeeucalyptusspecies(about300feettall)hasnarrow
yellowish-greenleaves,creamywhiteflowers,andpalegraybark.
OilandBlendingInformationTheleavesaresteam-distilledtoproduceacolorlessoilthatyellowswithage.Itscamphoraceousscenthasawoody-sweetundertone.Strength:5Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As
Above/LeavesWarnings:orallytoxic;maycauseskinirritation;notcompatiblewithhomeopathictreatment;useinmoderationEucalyptus,LemonBotanicalName:EucalyptuscitriodoraAlsoKnownAs:boabo,lemon-scentedgum,scentedgumtreeThiseucalyptusspeciesonlyreachesabout100feettall,hasnarrowtaperingleaves,andwhitish-yellowbark.Withaspeciesname
meaning“lemon-scented,”theoilofthistreehasbeenwidelyusedtoperfumelinenclosetsaswellasprotectthecontentsagainstinsects.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheleavesandtwigsproducesacolorlessorpaleyellowoilwithalemony,citronella-likescent.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:SoBelow/Twigs
and LeavesWarnings: orally toxic; may cause skin irritation; not compatiblewithhomeopathictreatment;useinmoderationMagicalUsesEucalyptusisbestknownforitspowersofpurification.Thisappliestoclearingnegativity in general as well as healing emotions after a quarrel. It is alsoeffective in releasing sorrow (blue gum), finding balance (lemon), anddevelopingasenseofwell-being.Applythisoilonanamulettoprotectagainstemotionalupsetsduringpast-lifework.Eucalyptussupportsdreamandpsychicworkaswellascommunicationwithspirits.Itisinstrumentalforprotectionandforbanishinganythingunwantedfromyourlife.Whenseekingone’spurposeinlife (bluegum), eucalyptus provides strength and determination. Eucalyptus isalsoassociatedwithenergy,growth(lemon),andsecurity.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,PiscesSolarSystem:Mercury,Moon,Saturn,SunElements:
air,earth,waterTheFennelOilsBotanicalFamily:ApiaceaeNativetotheMediterraneanregion,fennelisanherbwithabulbousbase,featheryleaves,andumbelsofyellowflowers.
Reachingfiveorsixfeetinheight,bitterfenneltendstobeslightlytallerthanthesweet.ThenamefennelcomesfromtheRomanwordfor“fragranthay,”foeniculum.35IntheMiddleAgesthenameevolvedintofanculum,andthentheplantbecameknownpopularlyasfenkel.36TheancientRomansbelievedit
promotedlongevity,courage,andstrength.InGreekmyth,Prometheuspassedfiretohumansusingastalkoffennel,anditcametosymbolizetheknowledgeofthegods.DuringlustycelebrationsinhonorofDionysus,participantsworecrownsofwovenstalksandleaves.FennelwaswidelyusedduringtheMiddleAgesforculinarypurposesaswellasamagicalherbtohangoverdoorwaystowardoffevilspirits.ItwasoneoftheAnglo-Saxons’ninesacredhealingherbs.
Fennel,BitterBotanicalName:FoeniculumvulgareAlsoKnownAs:commonfennelOiland
BlendingInformationTheentireplantissteam-distilled,producingayellowtopaleorange-brownoilwithacamphoraceous,anise-likescent.Strength:4ScentGroup: spicyPerfumeNote:middlePlant Part: N/AWarnings: avoid
during pregnancy; avoid use if you have epilepsy or other seizure disorder;hazardousifusedontheskinFennel,SweetBotanicalName:Foeniculumvulgarevar.dulceAlsoKnownAs:Florence,Frenchfennel,gardenfennel,RomanfennelOilandBlendingInformation
Steam distillation of the seeds produces a colorless to pale yellow oil with aspicy-sweet,anise-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above and So
Below/SeedsWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;avoiduseifyouhaveepilepsyor other seizure disorder;may cause sensitization; use inmoderationMagicalUsesFennelprovidesprotectionandboostsenergyforpsychicwork.Italsoprotectsthe home from unwelcome spirits, providing strength and security. Fennelenlivens the mind, encouraging creativity (sweet) and straightforwardcommunication. Use these oils for blessings, purification, and support fordivination. Additionally, fennel provides balance (sweet) and courage duringtimesoflossandstimulatespositivechange(sweet).Fennelcanaidinhealing,longevity, and fertility matters. It is also associated with beginnings (sweet),cycles,knowledge,money,andrenewal(sweet).
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,GeminiVirgoSolarSystem:Mercury,VenusElements:air,fire
Celebration:WalpurgisGoddess:KupalaGods:Adonis,Dionysus,Hephaestus,PrometheusTheFirOilsFamily:PinaceaeWhilethereisoftenconfusionaboutthedifferencebetweenfirandpinetrees,therearetwosimplewaystodistinguishonefromtheotherby
lookingattheirneedlesandcones.Firneedlesareattachedtobranchesindividually,whereaspineneedlesgrowinclustersoftwoormore.Firconesare
somewhategg-shapedandsitupright,whilepineconeshang,pointingdownward.
Fir,BalsamBotanicalName:AbiesbalsameaAlsoKnownAs:Americansilverfir,balmofGileadfir,balsamtree,firpineReachingabout180feettall,balsamfirhasdarkgreenneedlesandpurplish-browncones.NativetonortheasternNorthAmerica,thisisoneofthefewconifersthatproducesbalsam.ThewordbalsamevolvedfromtheHebrew,meaning“aromatictreeresinsusedforbalms.”37Itwasa
medicinechestallitsownforNativeAmericans,whousedalmosteverypartofthetreeforeverydayobjectsaswellasritualitems.
OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationisusedtocreatetwooils.Theoilfromtheneedlesiscolorlessandhasasweet,softbalsamic,pine-like
scent.Itisoftencalledfirneedleoil.Strength:4ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/LeavesThe
oilfromtheoleoresinispaleyelloworgreenwithafresh,sweet-balsamicscent.Strength:4ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:SoBelow/ResinsFir,
SilverBotanicalName:AbiesalbaAlsoKnownAs:Europeansilverfir,whitefir,whitespruceSilverfirisanevergreenwithsilveryorwhitish-grayneedles,anditgrowstoabout100feettall.Nativetomountainousregionsofcentraland
southernEurope,itwashighlyprizedasafragranceaswellasformedicine.Thefirtreehasbeenasymbolofrebirthandimmortalityforcenturies,andin
Romaniaboughsoffirwerecarriedatthefrontoffuneralprocessions.GermanPaganstookboughsintotheirhomestocelebrateYuleandtoprovidecomfort
forvisitingelves.
OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareproducedbysteamdistillation.Oil from the needles and young twigs is colorless or pale yellow with an
earthy,woody,sweet-balsamicscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart: SoBelow/Twigs and
LeavesTheoil fromthecones issimilarbutwithaslighthintoforange in itsscent.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So
Below/SeedsMagicalUsesFir is a tree of beginnings, energy, growth, and healing (balsam, resin oil).Focusing fir’s energy inward helps to clear themind and restorememories. Italsoencouragescommunicationandcreativeexpression.Use it forpurificationbefore ritual and in preparation to receive inspiration as well as groundingenergyafterwards.Asanall-purposepurifier,firprovidesprotectionandhelpstoovercomeandremovehexes.Firheightensawarenessfordivinationandspiritualwork,andisespeciallyeffectiveforconnectingwithforestspirits.ItslinkwiththeOtherworldanddeathsmooths thecycle(silver) fromlife throughdeath torenewal,whilecomforting theemotionsof those leftbehindin thisworld.Usefir formoneyandprosperityspells,andtosupportchanneling.Fircanprovidecontrol (balsam) and strength (silver) for defense aswell as fostering stabilityand security.Theseoils also enhancevitality (balsam), bringing longevity andoverall balance (silver). As an instrument of change (silver), fir aids inestablishing hope, happiness, and peace. Fir is also associated with purpose(balsam,needleoil)andtransformation.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Jupiter,Mars,Saturn,UranusZodiac:AriesElements:air,earth,
fire Celebrations: Beltane, Yule Goddesses: Artemis, Athena, Cerridwyn,Cybele, Diana, Frigg, Hecate, Iduna, Inanna, Isis, Persephone, Rhea Gods:Adonis,Attis,Bacchus,Dionysus,Osiris,PanFrankincense
BotanicalName:BoswelliacarteriFamily:BurseraceaAlsoKnownAs:olibanumWhileolibanumwasthenameusedbyancientRomans,thenamefrankincensedatestotenth-centuryFrench,meaning“high-qualityincense.”
Commonlyburnedintemples,frankincensewasbelievedtodeepenthespiritualexperienceandopenthewaytoenlightenment.EgyptiansofferedittothegodswhiletheRomansuseditforbothreligiousandsecularceremonies.Since
ancienttimesithasbeenusedinmedicinesandcosmetics.OriginatingintheRedSearegion,thissmall,shrubbytreehasdensefoliageandwhiteorpalepink
flowers.
OilandBlendingInformationTheoleoresinissteam-distilled,producingapaleyelloworgreenishoilwitharichresinous,woodyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: resinous Perfume Note: base Plant Part: So Below/Resins
MagicalUsesFrankincense has a long tradition and connectionwith spirituality, inspiration,knowledge,andstrength.Thisoilisinstrumentalforastral,dream,andpsychicworkaswellasdivinationandreachinghigher levelsofawareness. Ithelps tofocus energy and enhance concentration formagic work. Use frankincense tocreate sacred space and to consecrate altar goods before ritual. As an aid forpast-life work, it can break unwanted connections with the past that inhibitpersonal growth. It is instrumental for clairvoyance aswell as communicationwith spirits. It is also effective for banishing negativity, providing psychicprotection and power for any formof defense. Frankincense promotes healingthatsupportsvitalityandlongevity.Whenseekingjustice,thisoilbringsclarity,courage, release, and success.Use for attracting love and happiness into yourlife. Additionally, frankincense is associated with balance, comfort, control,renewal,andtransformation.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Aries,Leo,SagittariusSolarSystem:Moon,SunElements:
air,fire,waterCelebration:YuleGods:Baal,Helios,RaGalangalBotanicalName:AlpiniaofficinarumFamily:ZingiberaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
Chineseginger,Indianroot,lessergalangal,LowJohntheConquerorKnownasthemildbrotherofginger,galangalisareed-likeplantwithwhite,red-lippedflowers.ThisnativeofsoutheasternChinacanreachthreefeetinheight.ThenamegalangalcomesfromtheArabickhalanjan,meaning“mildginger.”38
Althoughitiscalledthelessergalangal,becauseitissmallerinsizethanAlpinagalanga(thegreater),itisconsideredmoreimportantbecauseofitsmedicinalapplications.InIndiaithasbeenusedforoverathousandyearsincurriesandperfumesaswellasinAyurvedicmedicine.Galangalwasintroducedinto
EuropeintheninthcenturybyArabianphysicians.ChristianmysticHildegardofBingen(1098–1179)calleditthespiceoflife,andbytheMiddleAgesitwas
wellknowninEnglandasgalangale.
OilandBlendingInformationThe rhizomes are steam-distilled into a greenish-yellow oil with a spicy,camphoraceousscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: So Below/Roots
MagicalUsesGalangal isagreatallyforpsychicandastralwork.Thisoilaids in increasingthe power and success of spells, especially those for banishing, and providesprotection from hexes. It is also instrumental for protection duringmagic andhealingworkaswellasconsecratingtoolsandgroundingenergyafterritual.Useitinspellstoattractmoneyandwealth,toovercomeinjustices,andturnwishesinto reality.Galangal’s ability to stimulate can be used for luck, love, lust, orpassion.It isespeciallyhelpfulinreturningnegativityorenchantmentsbacktothose who initiate them. Associated with the Otherworld, galangal heightensawareness, which can provide courage and comfort when letting go of lovedones.Galangalisalsoassociatedwithlongevity,secrets,stability,strength,andwell-being.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Scorpio Solar System: Mars, Sun Elements: earth, fire
Celebration:LithaGoddess:KupalaGalbanumBotanicalName:FerulagummosaFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:bubonion,galbanugumGalbanumwasusedthroughouttheancientworldasincenseinholyplaces.LaterduringtheMiddleAgesitwaspartoftheincensemixturesusedintheHermetictradition.TothepeopleoftheMiddleEastandEgypt,itwasknownasMotherResinandusedtoeasechildbirth.39Additionally,the
Egyptiansuseditincosmeticsaswellastheembalmingprocess.IndigenoustotheMiddleEastandwesternAsia,galbanumisalargeherbwithshinyleaflets
andsmall,whiteflowers.Itsgenusnamemeans“hollowstem.”40
OilandBlendingInformationA colorless, pale yellow, or olive-colored oil is produced by water or steamdistillation of the oleoresin. Its resinous scent is slightly herbaceous with awoodyundertone.Strength:5Scent Group: resinous Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: So Below/Resins
MagicalUsesUse this oil to purify and create sacred space for ritual and meditation.Galbanum supports spirituality, divination, and psychic work, especiallychanneling. Its association with death and the Underworld makes it anappropriateoilforconnectingwithancestorsorotherswhohavepassedbeyondthe veil. Use galbanum for anointing and blessing, and whenever healing issought.Itisalsoassociatedwithcontrol,cycles,renewal,andvitality.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Libra, Scorpio Solar System: Venus Elements: air, water
Celebration:Samhain
Geranium,RoseBotanicalName:Pelargoniumgraveolens,syn.P.roseumFamily:GeraniaceaeAlsoKnownAs:storkbillRosegeraniumisnotthefamiliargardenplant,andinfacttherearemorethan700varietiesofgeraniums,butonlyafewproduceessentialoil.Withlobedleavesandsmall,pinkflowers,thisnativeofSouthAfricacangrowuptothreefeethigh.ItsgenusnamecomesfromtheGreek
pelargos,meaning“stork,”referringtothelongseedpodsthatresembleastork’sbill.Thespeciesnamemeans“heavilyscented.”41Thewordrosewasaddedtoitscommonnamewhenperfumersdiscoveredthatitsmelledsomuchliketherealthingthattheysubstitutedthislessexpensiveingredientintheirproducts.In
seventeenth-centuryEurope,itwasbelievedthatgeraniumsinthegardenprotectedthehomefromevilspirits.
OilandBlendingInformationSteamdistillationoftheentireplantproducesagreenisholive-coloredoilwitharosy,sweet,andsomewhatmintyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: N/A Warning: may
causesensitizationMagicalUsesRosegeraniumisabouttheself,growth,creativity,andgainingcontroloflife.Itenhancesfocusforastralworkandincreasespsychicenergy.Useitforpurifyingand consecrating ritual and magic tools as well as for elf magic. Geraniumprovidesprotection, strength, and success for spellwork. In addition, geraniumaidsinbreakinghexesandattractingluck.It isalsoinstrumentalwhenseekingpeace,happiness,andsecurity.Therosyaspectofthisoilenhancesbeauty,andthe ability to attract love and friendship.Geranium is an aid to healing in theareas of sexuality and fertility as well as the emotionswhen recovering fromsorrow.Additionally,itisassociatedwithcommunication,confidence,courage,andspirituality.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mars,VenusZodiac:Aries,CancerElement:waterCelebration:
Walpurgis
GingerBotanicalName:ZingiberofficinaleFamily:ZingiberaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
commonginger,JamaicagingerGinger’sgenusnamecomesfromtheSanskrit,meaning“horn-shaped,”whichreferstotheshapeofitsroot.42Thislarge
perennialplanthasreed-likestalks,spear-shapedleaves,andspikesofyelloworwhiteflowers.OriginatinginsouthernAsia,gingerisoneoftheoldestknownspicesandisusedworldwideforculinaryandmedicinalpurposes.Early
EuropeansettlersintheUnitedStatesusedittomakewhattheycalledsmallbeers,whichresultedingingerbeerandgingerale.43Bakedintodesserts,
gingerbreadbecameanartisticmediuminitsownright.
OilandBlendingInformationApaleyellow,amber,orgreenish-coloredoilisproducedbysteamdistillationoftheroots.Itsscentisspicy,woody,andrich.Strength:4Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: So Below/Roots
Warnings: may cause skin irritation; causes photosensitivity; may causesensitizationMagicalUsesGingerisinstrumentalforastralwork,asithelpsalignthesubtlebodiesaswellaskeepthephysicalbodygrounded.Itisapurifieronmanylevelsbutespeciallyforpersonalenergyandemotionalcleansing.Useittopurifymagicaltools,forsuccessinmagicwork(especiallymoonorsexmagic),andforconnectingwiththeOtherworld. It aids in releasinghexesaswell as increasingmagicalpowerand energizing psychicwork.Use ginger for success in attractingmoney or alover.Thehealingattributeofgingerhelpsindealingwithproblems,especiallyin relationships and sexuality in general.Additionally, it can stimulate vitalitybringing stability, longevity, and general well-being. Ginger is also associatedwithbeauty,courage,inspiration,memories,andsecrets.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,Leo,Sagittarius,ScorpioSolarSystem:Mars,MoonElements:
earth,fire
GrapefruitBotanicalName:CitrusxparadisiFamily:RutaceaeGrapefruitisahybridofthepomelo(Citrusmaxima)andsweet(Citrussinesis)oranges.PomelosareafruitfromsoutheastAsiathatwereintroducedintoBarbadosaround1696.
Growingtoabout30feettall,thistreehasglossyleavesandlarge,yellowfruit.ItistheonlycitrusfruitnativetotheAmericas.
OilandBlendingInformationTheentirefruitiscold-pressedtoproduceayelloworgreenishoilwithasweetandcitrusyscent.Strength:4ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middle to topPlantPart:AsAbove/Fruit
MagicalUsesGrapefruitisinstrumentalforheighteningclairaudienceskillsandotherpsychicpowers.Itfostersinspirationandtheabilitytoconnectwithone’sinnerchild.Itspowersofpurificationbalancetheemotionsandrestoreenergy.Usegrapefruittoincrease overall strength, enhance spirituality, and manifest abundance. Inaddition, grapefruit’s healing properties promote well-being and a sense ofconfidence.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithkindnessandsuccess.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:SunElements:air,waterHelichrysum
BotanicalName:Helichrysumangustifoliumsyn.H.italicumFamily:AsteraceaeAlsoKnownAs:curryplant,everlasting,immortelle,Italian
strawflower,St.John’sherbWithbranchingstemsthathavebeendescribedaswand-like,helichrysumisatwo-foot-tallherbindigenoustotheMediterraneanregion.Itsspeciesnamemeans“narrow-leaved,”describingthisherb’spine-needleappearance.Althoughnotusedincurry,thearomaofitsleavesarereminiscentofthatIndiandish.Thenameseverlastingandimmortellecome
fromthefactthatitsyellowflowerskeeptheircoloranddonotfadewhentheyaredried.Thishasmadeitpopularfordriedflowerarrangements,whichishowhelichrysumismostwidelyknowntoday.Inthepastitwasusedmedicinallyto
treatarangeofdisorders.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the flower tops produces a pale yellow to reddish-colored oilwithawoody,honey-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: As
Above/FlowersMagicalUsesAlthoughhelichrysumisnotwidelyusedinmagicorritual,itsenergyandscentmeritattention.Thisoilraisesawarenessandassistsinpsychiccommunicationas well as dreamwork. Use helichrysum to consecrate magic tools and toincreaseaspell’seffectiveness,particularly thoseforabundanceandattraction.Helichrysum is also useful for grounding and centering energy aftermagic orpsychicwork.Itspowerofrenewalaidsinclarifyingthoughtsandstrengtheningmemory. Helichrysum releases emotional baggage, enhances creativity, andsupports spirituality. Itshealingpropertiespromote longevityandaid insexualandfertilityissues.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithbeautyandpeace.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Jupiter,NeptuneElement:airHopsBotanicalName:HumuluslupulusFamily:MoraceaeAlsoKnownAs:common
hops,EuropeanhopsSportinglobed,heart-shapedleaves,thisaggressiveclimberhasgreenish-yellowmaleandfemaleflowersonseparateplants.The
ripeconesfromfemaleplantsareusedforbrewing.Hops’botanicalnamescomefromtheLatinhumusforsoilandadiminutiveoflupus,meaning“wolf.”Theformerreferstohowtheplanthugsthegroundifnotstakedorgivensupport,andthelatterdescribesitsbind-weedtendencieswithotherplants.ItscommonnamecomesfromtheAnglo-Saxonhoppan,meaning“toclimb.”44Nativeto
EuropeandNorthAmerica,hopsgrewwildinthehedgerowsofBritainandcanstillbefoundinsomeplaces.Justasasparagusiseatentoday,theancientRomansbundledandsteamedtheyoungshootsasadelicacy.Abbessand
ChristianmysticHildegardvonBingenissometimescreditedwithpopularizingtheiruseinbrewing.
OilandBlendingInformationThe strobiles (female catkins) are steam-distilled, producing anoil that is paleyellowtoreddish-amberincolor.Ithasarich,spicy-sweetscent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Flowers
Warnings:maycausesensitization;useinmoderationMagicalUsesHopsareeffectiveforspellsofattraction,especiallysexual,aswellasthosethatbindpeopletogether.Usehopstosupportdivinationandelementmagic,andtogroundenergyafterritual.Thisoiliseffectiveindreamworkrelatedtohealing,particularlywhenyouare trying tobringyour life intobalance.Hopsarealsoassociatedwithbeauty,determination,andfertility.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Scorpio Solar System: Mars Elements: air, earth, water
HyssopBotanicalName:HyssopusofficinalisFamily:LamiaceaeThispetitesemi-evergreenshrubwithlance-shapedleavesandpurple-blueflowersisnativetotheMediterraneanregion.FromtheGreekazob,meaning“holyherb,”hyssopwasusedbytheGreeksandRomanstocleantemplesandothersacredplaces.45
ItwasalsousedmedicinallyandregardedbytheRomansasageneralcure-all.BytheeighthcenturyitwasamainstayinAnglo-SaxongardensandremainedsothroughoutBritainwellbeyondtheMiddleAges.Itsuseforcleaningwas
carriedonforcenturiesandrecommendedasastrewingherbforfloorsthatweredifficulttosweep.
OilandBlendingInformationA colorless to pale yellow-green oil is produced by steam distillation of theleaves and flower tops. The scent is slightly sweet and herbaceous withcamphoraceoustones.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:topPlantPart:AsAbove/Leavesand
FlowersWarnings: avoid during pregnancy; avoid use if you have epilepsy orother seizure disorder; avoid with high blood pressure; use in moderationMagicalUsesBecauseofitslonghistoryofuseincleaningsacredspaces,hyssopisperfectforpurifying areas for ritual as well as consecrating an altar or anointingparticipants. It clears away negativity, removes hexes, and provides protectionagainst enchantment. Hyssop supports psychic work and helps to developdivinationskills.Useittoinvokedragonenergy,andinspellstoattractmoneyand beauty into your life.Hyssop engenders clarity ofmind for finding one’spurpose. It is instrumental in manifesting change, enhances creativity, andinspirespersonalgrowth.Hyssopisalsoassociatedwithfertility,hope,sexuality,andvitality.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Sagittarius Solar System: Jupiter, Moon Elements: air, fire
JasmineBotanicalName:Jasminumofficinale,syn.J.officinalevar.grandiflorumFamily:OleaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonjasmine,poet’sjessamineThisclimbingshrubwithbrightgreenleavesandwhite,star-shapedflowershasservedasasymbolofhappiness,hope,andlove.Whileitscommonnameis
derivedfromthePersianyasmin,jasminehasbeendubbed“queenofthenight”and“moonshineinthegarden”becauseitsfragranceisespeciallystrongatnight.4647Thisaromawasconsideredascentofmysteryandusedasanaidto
spiritualgrowth.InChina,jasminewasusedforculinaryandmedicinalpurposesaswellasanincensetohonorthedead.ItwasamedicinalandperfumeryingredientinJapan,andbythesixteenthcenturyjasminebecameapopular
flavoringforteainEurope.JasmineisindigenoustonorthernIndiaandwesternAsia.
OilandBlendingInformationAnabsoluteiscreatedfromjasmineflowersbysolventextraction.Theabsoluteis then steam-distilled to produce anorange-brownoilwith a sweet floral andsomewhattea-likescent.Strength:4Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: As
Above/FlowersWarning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesFor centuries jasmine has been connected with beauty, love, lust, and sex.Instrumental for defensive, moon, night, and sex magic, jasmine enhancesdivination as well as contact with the spirit realm. This oil is also an ally,providingprotectionfordreamwork,channeling,andastraltravel.Jasmineaidsinreleasingemotionsandthoughtsthatinhibitpersonaldevelopment,andgivesaboosttoself-confidence.Associatedwithhappiness,justice,andrelationships,jasminehelpsmanifestdesires.Spiritually,jasminestimulatesintuition,bringinginspirationforcreativeendeavorsaswellasclarityforcommunication.Itisalsoinstrumentalforpeace,healing,andoverallwell-being.Usejasmineinspellstoattractluckandprosperityaswellastobindapledge.Thisoil’sgentlepowersofpurification are ideal for anointing and blessing ritual participants. Jasmine isalsoassociatedwithfertility,friendship,anddealingwithproblems.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,Capricorn,PiscesSolar System:Mercury,MoonElements: air, earth,waterGoddesses: Diana,
RhiannonGod:VishnuJuniperBotanicalName:JuniperuscommunisFamily:CupressaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonjuniper,ginberry,juniperberryWithjuniper’snamefromtheDutchjenever,meaning“gin,”juniperberrieshavebeenusedtoflavorginandotherdrinks.48Nativetothenorthernhemisphere,juniperisashrubbyevergreenwithbluish-greenneedlesandgreenberriesthatturnblackastheymature.InancientEgypt,juniperincensewasusedtopurifythesoul,andasanoilitwasusedforanointingboththelivingandthedead.Inadditiontousingjuniperberries
medicinally,theRomansflavoredtheirfoodwiththemwhenblackpepperwasunavailable.InmedievalEurope,juniperboughswereburnedtoguardagainsttheplagueandbundlesofberrieswerehungabovedoorwaystowardoff
Witches.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingunripejuniperberriesproducesawhiteorpaleyellowoilwithasweet,woody-balsamicscent.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Fruit
Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may cause slight skin irritation; use inmoderationMagicalUsesJuniper is great for purifying large spaces as well as banishing the energy ofnegativepeople. It is instrumental inovercomingproblemsand releasing toxicemotions.Useitfordefenseinmagic,asitisespeciallyeffectiveagainstblackmagic, hexes, and dealing with spirits. This oil enhances divination anddreamwork, and helps increase psychic abilities. Use it to strengthen psychicprotectionaswellastokeepenergygroundedinthephysicalworld.Juniperiseffective for manifesting abundance, love, prosperity, and success. Wherespirituality is concerned, juniper aids in gaining knowledge, growth, andtransformation. Its healing properties support fertility, longevity, and generalwell-being.Itisalsoassociatedwithbeginnings,happiness,secrets,security,andstability.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Leo, Sagittarius Solar System: Mars, Mercury, Moon, Sun
Celebrations:Beltane,Walpurgis,YuleElements: earth, fire,waterGoddesses:Hel,Holle,theMorrigan,RanGods:Balder,LokiLabdanumBotanicalName:CistusladaniferFamily:CistaceaeAlsoKnownAs:cistus,rockrose,sunroseTheleavesofthisbushyshrubare
stickywithoozinggum,which theGreeks called ladan.49 Shepherds collectedthisgumbyherdingtheirsheepthroughthicketsandthencombingitfromtheirfur.IndigenoustotheMediterranean,thelabdanumfromCreteandCypruswasconsideredparticularlyrichandwasusedforholyoilsandincense.Itwaspartofthemedicinal arsenal inEurope from theMiddleAges tomodern times.Eventhough the flowers arewhitewithyellowcenters, they resemble thewild roseclose enough tomerit the common name rock rose. Labdanum should not beconfusedwithlaudanum,atinctureofopium.
OilandBlendingInformationAdarkyelloworamberoilisproducedfromthesteam-distilledgum.Sometimesthe oil is steam-distilled from an absolute. It has a sweet, herbaceous,muskyscent.Strength:5Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: base Plant Part: So Below/Resins
Warning:avoidduringpregnancyMagicalUsesLabdanumisidealforconsecratinganaltaroranyspaceusedformagicorritual.Instrumentalfordivination,itstimulatesintuitionandaidsinreceivingmessagesfrom spirit guides. This oil broadens self-awareness, bringing forth soul-levelknowledge, truth, and renewal. Labdanum is emotionally elevating, yetgrounding,makingitapositiveaidinhealingaswellasdealingwithloss.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithcontrol,trust,andvitality.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Pluto,VenusElement:waterTheLavenderOilsBotanicalFamily:LamiaceaeWithflower-toppedspikes,thelavendersarewoody,shrubbyevergreensthathavebeengardenfavoritesforcenturies.
CommonlyusedinlaundrywatersinceRomantimes,lavender’sgenusnamecomesfromtheLatinlavare,meaning“towash.”50
LavandinBotanicalName:LavandulaxintermediaAlsoKnownAs:bastardlavender,DutchlavenderLavandinisahybridoftrueandspikelavenders.Theplantis
generallylargerthantruelavender,itsstemsmorewoody,anditsflowersblueorgray.Becauselavandin’sscentissimilartotruelavender,itisoftenusedasa
substitute.
OilandBlendingInformationLike its cousins, the flower tops are steam-distilled into a colorless to paleyellowoil.Itsscentisverysimilartotruelavender,butalittlemoreherbaceous.Strength:3Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As
Above/FlowersLavender,SpikeBotanicalName:Lavandulalatifolia,syn.L.spicaAlsoKnownAs:asarum,
aspic,lesserlavender,nardusItalicaOriginatinginthemountainsofFranceandSpain,thisplant’sleavesarewiderandrougherthantruelavender,inspiringitsspeciesname,whichmeans“broad-leaved.”Althoughitsgray-blueflowersaresmallerthanitscousin’s,theyyieldaboutthreetimestheamountofoil.The
ancientGreeksnamedthislavendernardusforthecityofNaardainSyria,fromwhichlavenderwastraded.TheRomanscalledtheplantasaruminthebeliefthataspviperswereoftenfoundunderneath.Popularasastrewingherb,spikelavenderwasrecommendedforanumberofmedicinalpurposesbyherbalist
NicholasCulpeper.
OilandBlendingInformationSteamorwaterdistillingtheflowertopsproducesawhiteorpaleyellowoil.Ithasaherbaceous,lavender-like,andslightlycamphoraceousscent.Strength:3ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above/Flowers
Warnings: avoid use if you have epilepsy or other seizure disorder Lavender,TrueBotanicalName:Lavandulaangustifolia,syn.L.officinalisAlsoKnownAs:commonlavender,Englishlavender,gardenlavender,truelavenderTrue
lavendercomesfromtheMediterraneanregionandhasnarrow,palegreenleavesandviolet-blueflowers.ItwaspopularwiththeancientGreeksandRomansforscentingsoaps.ThroughoutEuropeduringtheMiddlesAges,itwasassociatedwithloveandthoughttobeanaphrodisiac.Inaddition,itwasbelievedthat
carryinglavendergaveapersontheabilitytoseeghosts.InElizabethanEngland(1558–1603),itwasapopularstrewingherbaswellasascentforlinen
cupboards.SoapmakerWilliamYardley,ofYardleyofLondon,knewagoodthingwhenhesawit(orsmelledit)andmanagedtogetamonopolyon
England’slavenderduringthe1770s.
OilandBlendingInformationAcolorlesstopaleyellowoilisproducedbysteam-distillingtheflowertops.Ithasamellow,floral-herbaceousscentwithbalsamic-woodyundertones.Strength:4Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Flowers
MagicalUsesAll three lavenders enhance awareness and intuition for dreamwork,clairvoyance,andallformsofpsychicwork.Theyalsofosterconcentrationforclarityandinspirationindivination,contactwithspirits,andcommunicationingeneral.Usetheseoils tostaygroundedandstablewhenengagedinspellworkand elfmagic.Withwell-knownpowersof purification, theseoils are ideal forconsecrating sacred space, releasing negativity, and providing protection.Associatedwithbeautyandlove,thelavenderspromotefidelityandrenewalinmarriage aswell as balance and peace in all types of relationships.Lavenderscan assist in healing sexual issues when lust and desire cause emotionalproblemsandsorrow.Onthespiritualsideoflife,theseoilsprovidestrengthandinspiration.Callontheirpowersofmanifestationtoattractprosperity,luck,andwell-being to the home. The lavenders are also associated with courage,creativity,fertility,longevity,andsecrets.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Gemini,Leo,Pisces,VirgoSolarSystem:MercuryElement:
air Celebrations: Litha, Midsummer’s Eve Goddesses: Hecate, Vesta God:Saturn
LemonBotanicalName:CitruslimonFamily:RutaceaeUsedmedicinallythroughoutEuropeforawiderangeofcomplaints,lemonswereconsideredapotentcure-allandbecamestandardcargoonBritishnavalships,especiallyforpreventing
scurvy.Intheseventeenthcentury,theywereaningredientinCarmelitewater,anelixirproducedbyCarmelitenunsthatwasbelievedtopromotehealthandlongevity.NativetoAsiaandeasternIndia,thissmalltreehaslightgreen,toothedleavesandsolitarywhiteflowerstingedwithpink.Lemon’sspecies
namecomesfromtheArabiclimun.51
OilandBlendingInformationCold-pressing theentire fruitproducesapale,greenish-yellowoilwitha light,fruity-citrusscent.Strength:5ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlantPart:AsAbove/FruitWarnings:
maycauseskinirritationorsensitization;causesphotosensitivityMagicalUsesLemon is instrumental in providing a clear perspective when preparing fordivinationaswellasfordealingwitheverydayproblems.Byraisingawareness,lemon increases psychic abilities and inspires movement to a higher spiritualplane.Use thisoil formoonmagicaswellas topurifymagicor ritualobjectswhentheycomeintoyourlife.Withtheabilitytostimulateenergy,lemonaddsstrength toandpromotessuccess inspellwork. It ishelpful forconnectingandcommunicatingwithspiritguidesaswellasmanifestingabundance,happiness,andwell-being.Lemonisalsoassociatedwithconfidenceandkindness.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Cancer,Gemini,PiscesSolarSystem:MoonElement:water
LemonBalmBotanicalName:MelissaofficinalisFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:beebalm,commonbalm,honeyplant,Melissa,sweetbalmKnownwidelyas
Melissa,lemonbalmisabushyherbwithsquare,branchingstems.Itsbrightgreenleavesareoftenheart-shaped,anditssmallclustersofflowersarewhitetoyellowishorpink.FromtheGreekwordforbee,Melissaactuallycalmsandattractsthem,whichiswhybeekeepersoftengrowitneartheirhives.52LemonbalmhoneyhasbeenhighlyvaluedsinceancienttimesandwasmentionedbybothPlinyandDioscorides,whosaidithelpedhealwounds.Inaddition,theherbalpublicationLondonDispensary,publishedin1696,claimedthatlemon
balmstrengthenedthebrainandmemory.ThisplantisindigenoustothemountainsofEuropeandtheMiddleEast.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the leaves and flower tops produces a pale yellow oil with afresh,lemony,herbaceousscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves and
FlowersWarnings:may cause skin irritation;may cause sensitizationMagicalUsesLemon balm is known as an emotional healer, especially when a relationshipends. It brings comfort and peace whenever there is sorrow. This oil isinstrumental for awakening memories for past-life work as well as boostingenergyforpsychicwork.Lemonbalmsupportsfocusfordreamworkaswellasconnectingwithspirits.Providingclarity for findingone’s truepurpose, lemonbalmalsosupportsgrowthandlongevityforcarryingitout.Usethisoiltoattractlove,money,andsuccess. Itspowerofmanifestationcanbringaboutchanges,encourage renewal, and increase vitality. Lemon balm is also associated withbeauty,fertility,happiness,themind,andsexuality.
CorrespondencesZodiac:CancerSolar System: Jupiter, Moon Elements: air, water Goddess: Kupala The
LemongrassOilsFamily:PoaceaeBothoftheseplantsareperennialgrassesthatreachaboutfivefeetinheight.Theyhavenarrowleafbladesandflowersonbranchingstalks.Referringtotheshapeoftheflowers,theirgenusnamecombinestheGreek
wordskymbeandpogon,meaning“boat”and“beard,”respectively.53Bothtypesoflemongrasshavebeencultivatedforcenturiesforculinaryandmedicinaluses.
LemongrassisthefamiliarscentcomponentinIvory®soap.
Lemongrass,EastIndianBotanicalName:CymbopogonflexuosusAlsoKnownAs:BritishIndianlemongrass,fevertea,FrenchIndianverbenaNativetoeasternIndia,thislemongrassisnowcultivatedinthewesternpartofthecountry,whereitis
knownasfevertea.Itsspeciesnamemeans“winding,”referringtothewayitgrowsinazigzagpattern.54
OilandBlendingInformationAyelloworamberoilisproducedbysteam-distillingtheleaves.Thisoilhasagrassy,lemonyscentthatislighterthanitsWestIndiancousin.Strength:5ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves
Warning:maycauseskinirritationLemongrass,WestIndianBotanicalName:CymbopogoncitratesAlsoKnownAs:Guatemalalemongrass,MadagascarlemongrassNativetoSriLanka,thislemongrassisnowcultivatedintheWestIndies,Africa,andtropicalAsia.Itsspeciesnamereferstoitscitrus-
likescent.
OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves are steam-distilled, producing oil that can be yellow, amber, orreddish-brownincolor.Ithasafresh,grassy-citrusscentwithearthyundertones.Strength:5ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves
Warning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesLemongrassbringsclaritytopreparefordivinationandpsychicwork.Itaidsincontacting spirits and supports clairvoyance. Lemongrass is also useful inopeningthegatesofintuitionandhelpinguslearntotrustwhatwefeel.Useittopurifyamuletsaswellas togroundandcenterenergyformagicor ritual. It isrefreshingforthemindandprovidesfocusforcarryingoutone’spurpose.Whilelemongrassisassociatedwithlustandpassion,italsosupportsfidelity.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithvitality.
CorrespondencesZodiac:GeminiSolarSystem:Mercury,Sun,VenusElement:airLimeBotanicalName:Citrusmedicavar.acidasyn.C.aurantifoliaFamily:RutaceaeAlsoKnownAs:keylime,Mexicanlime,WestIndianlime,sourlimeWellknownforstockingtheirshipswithlimes,Englishsailorsbecameknownaslimeys.However,thisfruitwasusedmedicinallyforarangeofissuesandtopreventscurvysincethetenthcentury.OriginatinginsouthernAsia,thissmalltreehasovalleaves,whiteflowers,andpalegreenfruit.Thespeciesname
aurantifoliameans“golden-leaved.”
OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareobtainedfromlimes.Cold-pressingtheunripepeelsproducesapaleyellowtoolive-greenoilwitha
sweetcitrusscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlant Part: AsAbove/FruitWarning:
causesphotosensitivitySteam-distillingthewholeripefruitproducesawhitetopaleyellowoilwithafruity,cleanscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlant Part: AsAbove/FruitWarning:
causesphotosensitivityMagicalUsesLime is an energizing oil that stimulates the mind and aids in manifestingabundanceandsuccess.Useitforpurificationtoconsecratetoolsandtocreateaprotective shieldagainstnegativity.Thisoil increases theeffectivenessof lovespells, and is especially helpful when seeking fidelity. In addition, its healingproperties enhance vitality and well-being. Lime is also associated withconfidence,friendship,andkindness.
CorrespondencesZodiac:LeoSolarSystem:Mercury,SunElements:fire,waterLitseaBotanicalName:LitseacubebaFamily:LauraceaeAlsoKnownAs:exotic
verbena,MayChang,mountainpepper,tropicalverbenaThisshrubbytreefromeasternAsiahaspointed,ovalleavesandsmall,lemon-scented,yellow-white
flowers.Resemblingpeppercorns,thefruitisoftensubstitutedforpepper(Pipercubeba).Theleaves,flowers,andbarkhavebeenusedinChinesemedicineforcenturies.Litseaisoftenemployedasanalternativetolemongrassandverbena.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingthefruitproducesapaleyellowoilwithasweet,lemony-citrusscent.Strength:4ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote:middle to topPlantPart:AsAbove/Fruit
Warning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesLitsea isnotwellknown foruse in ritual andmagic,but it is a lovelyoil thatbrings a great deal of potential. It aids in grounding and centering energy forritualaswellasincreasingenergyformagicwork.Uselitseatoprovidestrengthfor self-examinationwhen dealingwith emotional turmoil. Litsea lightens theheart, fosteringhappiness,hope,andrenewal.Additionally, thisoilcanhelp tomanifestabundanceandsuccessinallareasoflife.
CorrespondenceElement:waterLovageBotanicalName:LevisticumofficinaleFamily:ApiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
commonlovage,gardenlovage,Maggiherb,oldEnglishlovageLovagegetsitnicknameMaggiherbfromSwissmillerandinventorJuliusMaggi(1846–1912),whocreatedthefirstinstant,ready-to-usesoupwithit.55Nativeto
southernEuropeandwesternAsia,lovagehasdensefoliageandgreenish-yellowflowers.Itcangrowtosixfeettall.Thestalks,whichlooklikegiantcelery,havebeenusedasavegetablesinceancienttimes.TheRomansadoreditanduseditforflavoring,whiletheGreeksuseditmedicinally.IntheMiddleAges,itwasknownasloveacheandloveparsley.InEnglandandEasternEurope,itwasusedasanaphrodisiacaswellasadeodorant.Lovagewasbothfoodandmedicinefor
EnglishcolonistsinAmerica.
OilandBlendingInformationTwooilsareproducedfromlovage.Steam-distilling the leaves and stalks creates a pale yellow oil with a spicy
scentthathassweet-floralundertones.Strength:3ScentGroup: spicyPerfumeNote:middle to topPlant Part: N/AWarnings:
maycausephotosensitivity;maycausesensitivity;avoidduringpregnancyThesteam-distilledrootsproducealightyellowtoamber-coloredoil.Ithasaspicyscentwithhintsofceleryandangelica.Strength:4ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:middletobasePlantPart:SoBelow/Roots
Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may cause photosensitivity; may causesensitivityMagicalUsesLovageis instrumental inattractinga lover,aswellaspromotingromanceandpassion. It isalso instrumental inmagic related tosex.Thisoilcanbeused toactivate energy for psychic work and dreamwork. Use it for purification andclearingawaynegativitywhenseeking justice.Lovagecankeepyougroundedfor divination and provides stability when connecting with the Otherworld.Lovageisalsoassociatedwithcycles,longevity,renewal,andsecrets.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Pisces,TaurusSolarSystem:Sun,VenusElements:earth(rootoil),fire
MandarinBotanicalName:CitrusreticulataFamily:RutaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Europeanmandarin,mandarinorange,truemandarinCultivatedforabout4,000years,thefruitofthissmalltreehasbeenusedmedicinallythroughoutAsia.ThisnativeofsouthernChinahasglossyovalleaves,whiteflowers,andeasy-to-peelfruitthatcanbeorangeoryellow.ThespeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinreticulate,
meaning“netted,”whichreferstothewhitenet-likepithunderneaththepeel.Itwasn’tuntiltheearlynineteenthcenturythatmandarinswereintroducedinto
Europe.
OilandBlendingInformationThepeel iscold-pressed,producingagreenish-orangeoilwithasweet,almostfloral-fruityscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlant Part: AsAbove/FruitWarning:
maycausephotosensitivityMagicalUsesMandarin is well known for fostering prosperity, success, and well-being. Itclears negative thoughts, bringing clarity and inspiration. Use mandarin tostrengthen your defenses when engaging in divination and magic work. Itprovides a boost in confidence that can increase the effectiveness of spells.Mandarincanalsohelpmanifestabundancewhennotusedselfishly.Inaddition,thisoilpromotesspiritualdevelopmentandaidsintranscendingthemundane.Itisalsoassociatedwithhappinessandkindness.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:SunElements:fire,waterMarjoramBotanicalName:Origanummarjorana,syn.MarjoranahortensisFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:joyofthemountain,knottedmarjoram,sweet
marjoramMarjoramisabushyherbwithdarkgreen,ovalleavesandclustersofwhitish-grayflowers.ItitindigenoustotheMediterraneanregion.TheRomanscalledittheherbofhappinessandgaveittocouplesontheirweddingday.56TheGreeksbelievedthatmarjorambloomingonagravemeantthatthedeceasedhadfoundeternalhappiness.Marjoramwassometimesplantedingraveyardstofosterpeaceforthedeadaswellastheirmourners.Additionally,thisherbwasassociatedwithlongevity.DuringtheMiddleAges,marjoramwasusedfor
divinationbyanointingoneselfbeforebedtoencouragedreamsofone’sfuturepartner.ItwasalsousedtobreakWitches’spells.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheflowersandleavesproducesapaleyelloworamberoilwithaspicy-herbaceousandslightlywoodyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves
andFlowersWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;useinmoderationMagicalUsesMarjoramiseffectiveatSamhainorwheneverthereisadeath,tobringcomfortto thedeceasedandsend themonapeaceful journey through theafterlife.Forthe living it eases sorrow, supports healing, and helps retainmemories.Use itbefore ritual to balance personal energy and release negativity as well as tocleansemagicandritualtools.Marjoramsupportsdefensivemagic,avertsblackmagic, andprotects thehome. It alsoprovidesprotection fromhexes.Thisoilprovidesfocusforpsychicworkandpromotes thedevelopmentof theseskills.Use it to bolster sexual attraction and in dreamwork to help find your lover.Where marriage is concerned, marjoram aids in creating a foundation forsecurity and happiness. Use it to initiate change and growth that bringsprosperity and renewed purpose. Marjoram is also associated with beauty,fertility,vitality,andwell-being.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Gemini, Libra, Virgo Solar System: Mercury Element: air
Celebration:SamhainGoddesses:Aphrodite,Kupala,VenusTheMintOilsBotanicalFamily:LamiaceaeMintwasassociatedwithDemeter,who,accordingtolegend,ateapureeofmint,flour,andwaterbeforepursuing
PersephoneintotheUnderworld.ThismixtureissaidtohavebeenusedduringtheMysteriesofDemeterritualsatEleusis.ThegenusnameformintcomesfromthenymphMentheinGreekmythology,whotransformedherselfintoaplanttoavoidtheadvancesofHades.InotherversionsofthestoryitisHades
whotransformshertoevadethewrathofhiswifePersephone.
PeppermintBotanicalName:MenthaxpiperitaAlsoKnownAs:balmmint,brandymint
Withserratedleavesalongstemscrownedbytightwhorlsoftinypurpleflowers,thisannualherbisamainstayofmanygardens.Peppermintisanaturally
occurringhybridbetweenspearmint(Menthaspicata)andwatermint(Menthaaquatic).ItsspeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinpiper,becausethetasteofthisherbhasahintofpepper.57PeppermintwasusedmedicinallyandinthereligiousceremoniesoftheancientGreeksandRomans.BytheeighteenthcenturyitwaswidelyusedformedicinalandculinarypurposesthroughoutEuropeandNorthAmerica.In1879,mint-scentedcandlesbecameenormouslypopularaftertheBritishMedicalJournalnotedthatmentholrelievedheadacheandneuralgia.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling peppermint leaves produces a pale yellow or greenish oil. Itsscentismintyandcamphoraceous.Strength:5ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above/Flowers
Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskinirritation;avoidifyouhavehigh blood pressure; not compatible with homeopathic treatment; use inmoderationMagicalUsesPeppermint stimulates the mind, bringing clarity and focus while promotinginspiration and creativity. It increases psychic awareness and strengthensdivination skills as well as prophetic dreaming. Use it to activate spells forattractingmoney, luck, and love. This oil can also be used to enhance sexualstimulation and lust. Banishing all forms of negative energy, peppermint’spowersofpurificationhelptoreleasememoriesandemotions.Inaddition,itisan aid for healing and for bolstering self-worth as well as for overcomingproblems. Peppermint is also associated with beauty, changes, fertility, andincreasingvitality.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Aries, Gemini, Virgo Solar System: Mercury, Venus
Elements: air, fire Goddesses: Demeter, Kupala Gods: Hades, Pluto, ZeusSpearmintBotanicalName:Menthaspicata,syn.M.viridisAlsoKnownAs:greenmint,lambmint,ourlady’smint,sageofBethlehemThespeciesnameofthisherbcomesfromtheLatinspicate,meaning“withspikes.”58Similartoitscousinpeppermint,spearminthastightwhorlsofpinkorlilac-coloredflowersatop
spikesofbrightgreenleaves.ThisplantoriginatedintheMediterraneanregion.Ingeneral,mintswereconsideredaphrodisiacsbytheGreeks,whoalsosprinkledspearmintleavesinbathwaterforrestorativesoaks.Forcertain
festivalsinancientRome,peoplewovetheplantsintogarlandscalledCoronaVeneris,crownofVenus.59SpearmintwasusedbytheSpanishasastrewingherb
inplacesofworshipwhiletheMayansusedittoinducelabor.
OilandBlendingInformationA pale yellow or olive-colored oil is produced by steam-distilling the flowertops.Ithasaspicy-herbaceous,mintyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above/Flowers
MagicalUsesSpearmintstimulatesthemind,strengtheningconcentrationandmemory.Useittopurify ritualobjectsaswellas to increasespiritualawareness. Itsprotectivepowersareespeciallyusefulforthehomebecauseitfosterssecurityandasenseof trust. Spearmint is stimulating and especially useful in spells for attractinglove, luck, and prosperity. This oil is an aid for increasing vitality, promotinghealing, and encouraging growth. Spearmint is also associated with beauty,changes,clarity,andfertility.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Gemini,LibraSolarSystem:VenusElements:air,waterGods:Hades,
PlutoGoddesses:Demeter,Kupala,VenusMugwortBotanicalName:ArtemisiavulgarisFamily:AsteraceaeAlsoKnownAs:
armoise,felonherb,St.John’splant,wildwormwoodNamedinhonorofthegoddessArtemis,protectorofwomenduringchildbirth,mugwortwasprescribed
byDioscoridesandHippocratesasasedativetoaidinthebirthingprocess.Romansoldiersalsofoundthisherbusefulintheirsandalstokeeptheirfeetingoodconditionwhileonlongmarches.Medievalpilgrimsemployedmugwortmedicinallyaswellasanamuletforprotectionagainstbeastsanddemons.
Additionally,itwasbelievedthatmugwortunderthepillowwouldencouragepropheticdreams.InEnglanditsusesrangedfrommakingbeertokeepingmothsoutofclothes.Thisfive-foot-tall,branchingperennialhasdarkgreen
leaves,purplishstems,andyellow-to-reddish-brownflowers.MugwortisnativetoEasternEuropeandwesternAsia.
OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves and flower tops are steam-distilled, producing a colorless or paleyellowoil.Ithasabitter-sweetherbaceousscentthatisslightlycamphoraceous.Strength:4ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves
and Flowers Warnings: abortifacient, avoid during pregnancy; orally toxic;hazardousifusedontheskin
MagicalUsesMugwort is instrumental inhoningdivinationskills,especiallyscrying,aswellasforpurifyingandconsecratingdivinationtools.Thisoilenhancesawarenessas it aids astral projection and dreamwork. With strong defensive powers,mugwortprotectsagainstspellsandprovidesexcellentprotectionforthehome.Itsupportstheabilitytoseespiritsaswellastocontactspiritguides.Mugwortisparticularlypotentforenergyandpsychicwork,andclairvoyanceinparticular.Itcan help you define your purpose for spells to attract or banish energy.Mugwort’shealingpotentialhelpstoreleaseoldbaggageandencouragegrowthas well as invite happiness and beauty into your life. Additionally, this oil isassociatedwithanimals,beginnings,fertility,love,andstrength.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,Gemini,Libra,Sagittarius,TaurusSolarSystem:Moon,Venus
Elements:air,earth,waterCelebration:SamhainGoddesses:Artemis,DianaTheMyrrhOilsBotanicalFamily:BurseraceaeThewordmyrrhcomesfromtheArabicandHebrewmurrandmor,meaning“bitter.”60Thegenusnameoftheseplants,
Commiphora,means“gum-bearing.”61
MyrrhBotanicalName:CommiphoramyrrhaAlsoKnownAs:commonmyrrh,hirabolmyrrhTheGreekscalledthisthorny,shrubbytreebalsamodendron,balsam
tree.62NativetonortheasternAfricaandtheRedSearegion,myrrhwasinhighdemandthroughouttheancientworldasaningredientforperfumeandmedicine.Itwasalsousedforritualpurificationforthelivingaswellasthedead.Withthebeliefthatitsaromapleaseddeities,myrrhbecameanimportanttempleincense
inEgypt.ItwasusedasamiddayofferingtothesungodRaandamoonofferingintemplesdedicatedtoIsis.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheresinproducesapaleyellowtoamber-coloredoilthathasarich,bitter-spicyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: resinous Perfume Note: base Plant Part: So Below/Resins
Warning:avoidduringpregnancyOpopanaxBotanicalName:Commiphoraerythraeavar.glabrascensAlsoKnownAs:
bisabol,sweetmyrrhSimilarinappearancebutsmallerthanitscousinmyrrh,opopanaxisindigenoustoeasternAfrica,wherethescentedbarkfromthistree
hasbeenburnedasanincenseforcenturies.Oftenspelledopoponax,itscommonnameisasourceofmuchconfusion.FromtheGreekopos,juice,andpanax,plant,opopanaxcametomeanallhealingjuiceandwasassociatedwiththegumfromtheparsnip-likeOpopanaxchironiumintheApiaceaebotanical
family.63
OilandBlendingInformationTheoleogumiswaterorsteam-distilled,producingayellow,orange,orolive-coloredoil.Ithasasweet-balsamic,spicyscent.Strength:3Scent Group: resinous Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: So Below/Resins
MagicalUsesAlthoughdifferentinaroma,themyrrhsarepowerfulpurifyingscents.Usethemtoconsecratealtarsandamulets,aswellas ritualandmagic tools.Themyrrhsenhanceawarenessandfocusfordivination,past-life,andpsychicworkaswellas communicatingwith spirits. Instrumental for angel, animal, and sexmagic,these oils provide strength formanifesting your intentions. They are powerfulalliesfordispellinghexesandbanishingwhatyounolongerneed.Usetheseoilstobuildaprotectiveshieldwhencastingspellsaswellastobolstercontrolandsuccess.Alsousethemtoclearawaynegativitywhenpreparingsacredspaceaswellas togroundenergyafterritual.Theseoilsreleaseemotionalandspiritualblockages,bringinghealing,renewal,andtransformation.Fosteringbalanceandwell-being,themyrrhsaidinconfrontingproblems.Workingwithsubtleenergy,themyrrhs help dealwith loss and sorrowwhen a loved one passes, bringingcomfort and peace. These oils are also associated with abundance, growth,longevity,andvitality.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Cancer, Capricorn, Pisces, ScorpioSolar System: Jupiter,
Mars (opopanax), Moon, Pluto, Saturn, SunCelebration: Yule Elements: air,waterGoddesses:Aphrodite,Cybele,Demeter,Hecate, Isis, Juno,RheaGods:Adonis,Ra,SaturnMyrtleBotanicalName:MyrtuscommunisFamily:MyrtaceaeAlsoKnownAs:CorsicanpepperNativetonorthernAfrica,myrtlewascommonlybelievedthroughouttheMiddleEasttobeaplantfromtheGardenofEden.Thisevergreenshrubhasdark,pointedleaves,whiteflowers,andpurplish-blackberries.Myrtleisasymbolofsensuallove,passion,andimmortality.Greekbridesadorned
themselveswiththeflowersforgoodluckaswellastoenhancefertility.WhilemyrtlewasalsoanemblemofpeacetotheGreeks,whodedicateditto
Aphrodite,theRomansconsidereditaniconofvictory“throughpersuasionandnegotiation.”64Inaddition,Romansburnedmyrtleleavesassmokesacrificeintemplesandadornedhomealtarswithitsbranches.BoththeGreeksandRomansuseditinhonorofpoets,indicatingthattheirworkandfamewouldliveforever.
ItwasalsoacrownofhonorthatthepriestsofPersiaworeduringrituals.Throughthecenturies,myrtleretaineditsglamour,andinthe1700sitwasused
inaskinlotioncalledAngel’sWater.
OilandBlendingInformationMyrtle leaves are steam-distilled into a pale yellow or orange oil that has asweet-herbaceousandslightlycamphoraceousscent.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As
Above/LeavesMagicalUsesMyrtle is strongly associated with love, marriage, and sexual passion. It alsopromotesfertilityandfidelity,andaidsindealingwithsorrow.Thisoilsupportspsychicwork,particularlycommunicationwith thosewhohavepassedbeyondtheveil.Itaidsinfindingpeacebyreleasingemotions.Myrtleisinstrumentalinattractingabundanceandblessingstothehome,aswellaskeepingitsafe.Useittobolsterenergyforcreativeprojectsandanythingthatfosterspersonalgrowth.Myrtle enhances determination and provides strengthwhen defining your truepurposeinlife.Myrtleisalsoassociatedwithcyclesandprosperity.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Sagittarius Solar System: Venus Celebrations: Lughnasadh, Mabon
Elements: air, water Goddesses: Aphrodite, Artemis, Astarte, Hathor, Ishtar,VenusGods:Dionysus,ErosNeroli:SeetheOrangeOils
NiaouliBotanicalNames:MelaleucaviridifloraandMelaleucaquinquenervia
viridifloraFamily:MyrtaceaeAlsoKnownAs:broad-leafedteatree,punktreeNativetoAustralia,niaouliisacousintocajeput,teatree,andeucalyptus.Theniaoulitreehassmall,pointedleavesandspikesofyellowishflowers.NiaoulioilwasoriginallycalledgomenolfortheprovinceofGomeninNewCaledonia,
northeastofAustralia,whereitwasfirstdistilled.
OilandBlendingInformationNiaouliisproducedbysteamdistillationoftheleavesandyoungtwigs.Theoilcan be colorless, pale yellow, or greenish and has an earthy-herbaceous scentreminiscentofeucalyptus.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlant Part: SoBelow/Twigs
andLeavesMagicalUsesWith strong cleansing properties, this oil is ideal for purification of areas andobjects.Alsowaftitintheairbeforemagicworktoclearnegativethoughtsandenergy. Niaouli helps dispel mental fatigue, invigorate the mind, and balanceemotions. It also boosts protection and strengthens determination. This oilfosterskindnessandhopewhilepromotinghealingandgrowth.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:MercuryElements:air,earthNutmegBotanicalName:Myristicafragrans,syn.M.officinalisFamily:MyristicaceaeWithshinyovalleavesandclustersofsmallyellowflowers,thistreeproducestwowell-knownaromaticspices:nutmegandmace.Notsurprisingly,itsspeciesnamemeans“scented.”Intheseventhcentury,Arabphysiciansnotednutmeg’suseasageneraldigestiveremedyaswellasanaphrodisiac.Bythetwelfthcentury,nutmegwasintroducedintoEurope,whereitwasoftenwornasan
amulettowardoffillness.ThetreeisindigenoustoIndonesia.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheseedkernelsproducesawhiteorpaleyellowoil thathasasweet,warm-spicyscent.Strength:4Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above and So
Below/SeedsWarnings: avoid during pregnancy; use in moderation MagicalUsesNutmeg heightens awareness, stimulates psychic energy, and supportsdreamwork.Itincreasesmagicalenergyandaidsinturningenchantmentbackonthe enchanter. Use it for protection against hexes as well as to break them.Nutmegpromotesfocusfordivinationandsupportsclairvoyance.Inaddition,itfostersmentalclarityforaccessingmemories.Useittostrengthendeterminationwhenseekingjusticeorwhenyouneedtoreleasethingsfromyourlife.Nutmegisidealforincreasingthepowerofabundance/prosperityspellsaswellasthosethat initiate change. This oil encourages balance and fidelity inmatters of theheart.Nutmegisalsoassociatedwithcreativity,beginnings,beauty,cycles,andwell-being.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Leo,Pisces,SagittariusSolarSystem:Jupiter,MoonElements:air,fire
OakmossBotanicalName:EverniaprunastriFamily:UsneaceaeAlsoKnownAs:moussedechene,treemossDanglinglikeSpanishmoss,thislight-greenlichengrowsmainlyonoaktrees,henceitsname.However,itisoftenfoundonpineand
spruceaswell.TheFrenchnamemoussedechenemeans“moss-coveredoak.”ItsspeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinpruinatus,meaning“frostedover,”whichisthevisualeffectoakmossgivestothetreesonwhichitgrows.65TheancientEgyptiansusedittoflavorandleavenbreads,andleftbasketsofitintombs.
EventhoughitisindigenoustoEurope,itspopularityinperfumesdidn’ttakeoffthereuntilthesixteenthcentury.
OilandBlendingInformationThe entire plant is used to create a pale yellow or olive-colored absolute bysolventextraction.Ithasanearthy,bark-likescent.Strength:3ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:basePlantPart:N/AMagicalUses
Theenergyofoakmossisespeciallygrounding,whichaidspsychicandspiritualjourneywork.This oil is effective for honoring loved ones at Samhain and isinstrumentalincontactingotherrealmsaswellasconnectingwithforestspirits.It supports divination and clairvoyance.Oakmoss adds a boost tomagicworkhelpingtomanifestyourdreams.Itisalsoinstrumentalinbreakinghexes.Useittoattractmoneyandluckaswellassecurity.Oakmossisalsoassociatedwiththeemotionsandfindingone’spurpose.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Capricorn,TaurusSolarSystem:Jupiter,Mercury,MoonCelebration:
SamhainElements:earth,waterGoddess:Persephone
Opopanax:SeetheMyrrhOils
TheOrangeOilsBotanicalFamily:RutaceaeOnetheoryaboutthewordorangeisthatitcomesfromthePersiannameofthefruit,narang,whichwasderivedfromtheArabicnarandj.66AnothertheoryisthatitcomesfromSanskritnagarunga,meaning“fruitfavoredbyelephants.”67Whatevertheoriginofitsname,itisthoughtthatanorangemayhavebeentheso-calledgoldenappleinGreekmyththatGaiapresentedtoZeus.Oilsfromtwotypesoforangetrees,bitterandsweet,are
includedinthisbook.Thebitterorangetree(Citrusaurantium)producesthreeessentialoils:nerolifromtheblossoms,petitgrainfromtheleaves,andbitter
orangefromthefruit.
Neroli/OrangeBlossomBotanicalName:CitrusaurantiumThistypeoforangetreehasdark,glossy
leavesandwhiteflowers.Theoilfromtheorangeblossomwasnamedinhonoroftheseventeenth-centuryprincess(orpossiblycountess)Anne-Marieof
Nerola,Italy,whoadoredthefragrance,thusmakingitalltheragethroughoutEurope.Symbolizingchastity,orangeblossomshavebeenamainstayofbridalbouquetsforcenturies.InNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast,theseflowershave
beenusedasculinaryandmedicinalingredients.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling orange blossoms produces an oil that is pale yellow to coffeebrown.Ithasalight,sweet-floralscent.Strength:4Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Flowers
MagicalUsesNeroliisinstrumentalforattractingloveandpromotingalong,happymarriage.Its associationwith sexualityworks tocultivateone’suniquebeautyandbuildconfidence.Thisoilaidsinexpressinginnertruthsandopensthedoortopsychicawarenessaswellasother realms.Use it fornightmagicand tocommunicatewiththespiritworld.Nerolifosterskindnessaswellasapeacefulhome.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithcreativity,fertility,strength,andwell-being.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,LeoSolarSystem:Sun,UranusElements:air,fireOrange,BitterBotanicalName:CitrusaurantiumAlsoKnownAs:Sevilleorange,sourorangeNativetoChinaandIndia,bitterorangehasbeenusedasfoodandmedicineforthousandsofyears.InChinesemedicineitisusedtoregulatetheflowofenergy.Asatradecommodity,ArabstransportedtheseorangesfromtheEasttotheMediterraneanregioninthetenthcentury,andbytheMiddlesAgesthisfruitwasknownthroughoutEurope.Itswideculinaryusesincludemarmalade,a
BelgianbeercalledOrangeMuscat,andliquorssuchastriplesec.
OilandBlendingInformationCold-pressingtheouterpeelproducesadarkorbrownishyellowoil.Unlikeitsname suggests, it has a fresh citrus scent similar to grapefruitwith an almostfloralundertone.Strength:3ScentGroup:citrusPerfumeNote: topPlantPart:AsAbove/FruitWarnings:
maycauseskinirritation;causesphotosensitivityOrange,SweetBotanicalName:Citrussinensissyn.C.dulcisAlsoKnownAs:Chinaorange,
PortugalorangeOriginatinginChina,thistreeresemblesthebitterorange,butisslightlysmaller.SweetorangewasintroducedintoEuropefromtheMiddleEastintheeighteenthcenturyandwasquicklyadoptedasaningredientformullingwine.Itbecameafashionableluxuryforlargeestatestohaveanorangerie,a
specialgreenhouseinwhichtogrowcitrusplantsincoolerclimates.
OilandBlendingInformationTheentire fruit is cold-pressed,producinganoil that isyellow-orange todarkorange.Itsscentisasweet,fresh-fruitycitrus.Strength:3Scent Group: citrus Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Fruit
Warning:maycauseskinirritationMagicalUsesBoth bitter and sweet orange aid in self-awareness, stimulate creativity, andsupport thosewho followa different drummer.These oils redirect energy intopositivethinkingandemotionalclaritytobuildconfidenceandasenseofwell-being.Theyarealsohelpfultomanifestlove,peace,andfidelity.Usethemforpre-ritual purification and to provide focus for divination, dreamwork, andcommunicationwith spirits.Theorangescan increase the successof spells forabundance, happiness, andmoney. They are also associated with fertility andstrength.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:SunZodiac: Leo, SagittariusElements: fire,waterGoddesses:
Fortuna,GaiaGod:ZeusPetitgrain
BotanicalName:CitrusaurantiumThenamepetitgrainmeans“littlegrains”andcomesfromatimewhentiny,unripeorangeswereusedformakingoil.
OilandBlendingInformationTheleavesandtwigsofthebitterorangetreearesteam-distilledtocreateanoilthat ispaleyellowtoamber incolor. Ithasafloral-citrusscentwithawoody-herbaceousundertone.Strength:3ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:topPlantPart:SoBelow/TwigsandLeaves
MagicalUsesPetitgrainpromotesconfidenceandtrustinselfandothers.Itsharpensthemind,increasingawareness andbringingclarityof innervision.Use it for focusandprotectionwhenchannelingorengaginginotherpsychicwork.Petitgrainhelpstoawakendeepmemoriesthatleadthewaytopersonalgrowthandwell-being.Thisoilfostersbalance,kindness,andstrength.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,LeoSolarSystem:SunElements:earth,fireOreganoBotanicalName:OriganumvulgareFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonoregano,joyofthemountain,shepherd’sthyme,wildmarjoramAlthoughitsharesthenicknamejoyofthemountainwithitsclosecousin
marjoram,thisismoreaproposforthenameoregano,whichisacombinationoftheGreekwordsoros,for“mountain,”andganos,meaning“joy.”68Nativeto
Europe,thisbushyherbhasdarkgreenleavesandpinkish-purpleflowers.Itwasconsideredageneralcure-allbytheancientGreeks,and,accordingtolegend,AphroditeemployedittohealAeneas’woundsafterthebattleofTroy.AsadecorativefeatureatGreekandRomanweddings,theoreganowreathwasa
symbolofhappiness.Longbeforehopscameintovogue,thisherbwaspopularforflavoringalesandbeers.InadditiontoflavoringfoodincolonialAmerica,oreganoflowertopswereusedtodyewoolapurplishcolorandlinenareddish-
brown.
OilandBlendingInformationApaleyellowoilwithaspicy-herbaceousscentisproducedbysteam-distillingtheflowers.Strength:5ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/Flowers
Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinMagicalUsesUse oregano to bring peace as well as to foster happiness and security inrelationships.Byencouraging focus andclarityof thought, it provides supportforpsychicwork.Itisinstrumentalinblackanddefensivemagic,especiallyforprovidingprotectionagainsthexes.Associatedwiththeafterlife, thisoilbringscomfort during sorrow and helps retain memories of loved ones. Oregano’spurificationpropertiesprovidebalanceforhealingemotionalturmoil,layingthegroundwork for positive change. Use this oil in spells to attract beauty andprosperitytothehome.Oreganohelpstoincreasevitalityforfertility,aswellasamoresatisfyingsexlife.ItisalsoassociatedwithtruthandtheOtherworld.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aries,Gemini,Libra,VirgoSolar System:Mars,MercuryElements:
air,fireGoddesses:Aphrodite,Kupala,VenusPalmarosaBotanicalName:Cymbopogonmartiniivar.motiaFamily:PoaceaeAlsoKnownAs:EastIndiangeranium,Indianrosha,TurkishgeraniumPalmarosaisawildherbaceousplantindigenoustoIndiaandPakistan.Ithaslong,flower-topped
stemsandgrass-likeleaves.ThewordsIndianandTurkishinitsnamesdatetoatimewhenthisplantwasshippedfromBombay(nowMumbai),India,tovariousplacesontheRedSea.Geraniumbecamepartofitsname,too,becauseitsscentissimilartorosegeranium.Palmarosahasbeenusedforculinaryandmedicinalpurposes,aswellastoflavortobacco.Withitsrose-likescent,ithasevenbeen
usedtodiluteotto(oil)ofrose.
OilandBlendingInformationApaleyellowtoolive-coloredoil isproducedbysteamorwaterdistillationoftheleaves.Ithasasweet,floral,rose-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves
MagicalUsesPalmarosa’sstimulatingpropertieshelptoclearthemindandenhancetheabilityto focus for decision-making. Encouraging personal growth, it aids in findingone’spurposeaswellasovercomingproblems.Itishelpfulwheneveryouneedtogroundandcenterenergy.Ahealeronall levels, thisoilprovidesemotionalstrengthandcouragewhen recovering from lost love.Use it forelfmagicandfor seeking their blessings. Palmarosa is also associated with relationships,peace,andspirituality.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,PiscesSolarSystem:VenusElements:air,waterParsleyBotanicalName:PetroselinumsativumFamily:ApaiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
commonorgardenparsleyThisbiennialherbwithitsfamiliarcrinklyleavesandgreenish-yellowflowersisbestknownforremovingthesmellofonionand
garlicfromthebreath.Itsgenusnamemeans“stonecelery,”whichisattributedtoparsley’sabilitytogrowinrockysoilinitsnativeMediterraneanregion.69
Accordingtolegend,Herculesadornedhimselfwiththeplant,thusmakingitasymbolofstrengthandvigor.TheGreeksuseditmedicinallybutnotasa
culinaryherb,becauseitwasbelievedtobesacredtothedead.TheRomansassociateditwithPersephoneandtheUnderworldanduseditinfuneralrites.
DuringtheMiddleAgestherewasafolkbeliefthatparsleygrewespeciallywellwhereawomanwasinchargeofthehousehold.Inaddition,itwascustomaryinsomepartsofEnglandtoplantparsleyoncertaindayssuchasGoodFridayandMidsummer’sDay,becauseofthebeliefthatitwouldkeepfairiesawayfrom
crops.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheseedsproducesanoilthatcanbeyellow,amber,orbrownishincolor.Ithasawoody-spicy,herbaceousscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAboveandSo
Below/SeedsWarnings: avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskin irritation;useinmoderationMagicalUsesParsley’sassociationwiththeafterlifeandfuneraryritualsmakesitappropriateto honor and remember lovedones at Samhain. It is a potent ally for elementmagic, ritual purification, and protection in general. Supporting concentrationandbalance,thisoilisinstrumentalinastralwork.Useittofosterkindnesswhenfeeling emotionally fragile during times of change. Parsley is instrumental forkeeping cycles turning, initiating renewal, and ushering in fresh, newbeginnings.Itisalsoassociatedwithlustandmoney.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Gemini,LibraSolarSystem:Mercury,PlutoElements: air,
fireCelebrations:Midsummer’sDay,SamhainGoddess:PersephonePatchouliBotanicalName:PogostemoncablinFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
patchouly,puchaputPatchouli’sgenusnamecomesfromtheHindustaniwordsfor“leaf”and“green.”70Thebrightgreenleavesofthisbushyplantarelargeand
fuzzy,andthewhiteflowershaveahintofpurple.NativetotropicalAsia,patchouliwasusedmedicinallythroughoutAsiaandtheMiddleEast.Arabiantravelersstuffedpillowswithpatchoulileavesforprotectionagainstillnessaswellastopromotelongevity.PatchouligainednoticeinEuropeduringtheearly1800sfromthesachetsthatweretuckedintoshipmentsofhandmadeshawlstoprotectthemfrominsectsduringtheirpassagefromIndia.ThisfragrancewasthehallmarkofauthenticIndiansilks,andmorethanacenturylateritbecame
thescentforthecountercultureofthe1960sand1970s.
OilandBlendingInformationPatchouli leaves are steam-distilled, producing an amberor darkorangeoil. Ithasarich,herbaceous-earthyscentthatgetsstrongeranddeeperasitages.Strength:4Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: base Plant Part: As Above/Leaves
MagicalUsesGrounding yet enlightening, patchouli aids in transcending boundaries andconnectingwith theOtherworld.Associatedwith spirituality, patchouli fostersgrowth and is ideal for blessings. This oil is especially supportive forclairvoyanceanddivination.Useitformagic,especiallywhendefenseisneededasitprovidesstrongpsychicprotection.Itisknownforincreasingthepowerofspells andbreakinghexes;however, ifpatchouli isused toplaceahex, itwillbackfire. Employ it to attract love, prosperity, and money, as well as forpurificationandrenewal.Patchouli’searthinessintensifiesthesenses,increasingfertility and lust. Known for engendering happiness, it dispels negativity andbrings peace to the home. This oil can help manifest your wishes and bringsuccess.Patchoulialsoaidsincommunicatingwithspiritsaswellasbanishingthem. It sharpens themind forgainingknowledge,workingoutproblems, andenhancing creativity. When dealing with the death of a loved one, patchoulihelpstoholdontomemoriesaswellasreleasebondsthatmaykeepaspiritfrommoving on to the next world. Patchouli is also associated with justice, luck,passion,andpurpose.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Capricorn, Scorpio, Taurus, Virgo Solar System: Mars,
Saturn Elements: air, earth Celebration: Samhain Goddess: Modron Pepper,BlackBotanicalName:PipernigrumFamily:PiperaceaeIndigenoustosouthwesternIndia,thiswoodyvinecangrowupto16feetlong.Ithassmallwhiteflowers
andheart-shapedleaves.Theredberriesturnblackastheyripenandbecomethefamiliarpeppercorns.Asanimportanttradecommodityinthefourthcentury,pepperwasthemust-havefoodflavoring.Medicinally,pepperhasbeenusedinChinaandIndiaforthousandsofyears.Inaddition,monksthroughoutIndiauseditdailytoincreaseenergyandstaminafortheirrigorous,asceticwayoflife.PepperwassovaluableinEuropeduringtheMiddleAgesthatitservedaspaymentfordowriesandtaxes.Merchantswhowerecalled“pepperers”and
“spicers”dispensedtheirwaresforculinaryandmedicinalpurposesandbecametheforerunnersofapothecaries.71
OilandBlendingInformationTheunripefruitissteam-distilled,producingawhitetopaleolive-coloredoil.Ithasa somewhat sharp, spicy, and slightlywoodyscent.Unlikegroundpepper,theoildoesnotcausesneezing.Strength:3ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:middletobasePlantPart:AsAbove/Fruit
Warnings:maycauseskinirritation;notcompatiblewithhomeopathictreatment;useinmoderationMagicalUsesPepper’s energizing qualities stimulate the mind, bringing focus and innerstrength.Useittoamplifyawarenessfordreamworkanddivination.Peppercanget things goingwhen you are in a rut and help resolve problems.This oil isinstrumental in defensivemagic when seeking justice. It also helps to bolsterdetermination and courage, and bring success. Effective for banishings andbinding spells, pepper also removes hexes. Its purification properties make itideal for consecrating ritual gear to release old energy andprovideprotection.Additionally, it aids in manifesting abundance and security. Pepper is alsoassociatedwithhealing,increase,andlust.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aries Solar System: Mars Elements: fire, water Petitgrain: See the
OrangeOils
PineBotanicalName:PinussylvestrisFamily:PinaceaeAlsoKnownAs:forestpine,Scotchpine,ScotspineReachingover100feettall,thisevergreenhasrough,reddish-brownbark;pointedbrowncones;andneedlesthatgrowinpairs.PinewasassociatedwithPanandotherwoodlandgods,anditsspeciesnamemeans“ofthewoodsorforests.”72ExtensivelyusedforshipbuildinginancientGreece,pinewasdedicatedtotheseagodNeptune.Variouspartsofthetreewereused
medicinallythroughoutEuropeandAsia,whereitisindigenous.
OilandBlendingInformationTheneedlesandtwigsaresteam-distilled,creatingacolorlessorpaleyellowoilthathasafresh,woody,andslightlyturpentine-likescent.Itisoftencalledpineneedleoil.Strength:4ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:middletotopPlantPart:SoBelow/Twigs
andLeavesWarnings:may cause skin irritation; avoid if youhavehighbloodpressureMagicalUsesPineiswellknownforpurification,whichworksforreleasingnegativeenergyandisespeciallyeffectiveinpublicspaces.Thissamequalitymakesitanallyindefensivemagicandinprotectionfromhexes,especiallyforthehome.Useitforblessingsandtoattractabundanceaswellasforspellsthatbanishorbind.Itisalso well known for its association with cycles, beginnings, fertility, andrenewal. This oil can steady and focus themind for psychic work as well ascommunicationwith spirits.On a spiritual level, it aids in healing andgrowththat brings inspiration, peace, and access to ancient wisdom. Pine is helpfulwhen learning to trust intuition and memories, paving the way for self-transformation. Building confidence and courage, pine provides hope anddeterminationwhendealingwithlegalmatters.Thisoil isbothstimulatingandbalancing, which enhances creativity and provides emotional strength. Pine isalsoassociatedwithfriendship,desires,longevity,truth,andwell-being.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Aries, Cancer, Capricorn, Pisces, Scorpio Solar System:
Jupiter, Mars, Saturn Elements: air, earth, fire Celebrations: Beltane,Midsummer, Yule Goddesses: Aphrodite, Artemis, Astarte, Cybele, Diana,Ishtar, Isis, Rhea, Venus Gods: Attis, Bacchus, Dionysus, Neptune, Pan,Poseidon,Silvanus,VulcanTheRoseOilsBotanicalFamily:RosaceaeThroughthecenturies,roseshavesymbolized
confidence,love,happiness,passion,andmore.Theirimportanceandmysteryhavebeenhighlightedinmyth,art,andliterature.AccordingtoGreeklegend,adropofAphrodite’sbloodgavetheroseitsredcolor.Inaddition,rosesweresaidtohavebeenacomponentinCleopatra’sarsenalofseduction.MythtellsusthatErospresentedaroseasagifttoHarpocrates,thegodofsilence.Usingthisasacue,itbecamecommonpracticetohangaroseoverthedinnertablewhentheconversationwastobeconfidential,whichwasthesourceofthetermsubrosa.IntheceremonyofRosalia,Romansscatteredrosepetalsonthegravesoflovedones,symbolizingthestartofanewstateofbeingaswellastogivethemagood
send-off.Forcenturies,roseoilhasbeenknownasottoofrose,roseotto,andattarof
rose.Whenshoppingforroseoiltoday,itiscommontofinditlistedasroseottoorroseattar.Unlike jasmine, rose petals can be steam-distilled; however, thismethod has a low yield of essential oil, making it expensive. Because roseabsoluteisoftendistilledintoanoil,itiswisetouseavendorthatoffersspecificinformationabouttheextractionmethodsforeachoil.
Rose,DamaskBotanicalName:RosadamasceneAlsoKnownAs:TurkishroseDespiteitsname,thisrosedidnotoriginateinSyria,thelandofroses,butisthoughttohavecomefromAsia.TheDamaskroseisashrubthatgrowstobetweenthreeandsixfeettall.Ithassingle,medium-pinkflowersandmanythorns.Thistype
ofrosehasbeenfoundinEgyptiantombs,anditisbelievedtohavebeenintroducedduringthereignofRamsestheGreat(1279–1213BCE).InIndianmyth,Lakshmi,thewifeofVishnu,wasfoundinarose,andfromthiscamethe
customofagroomgivinghisbrideattarofroseontheirweddingday.
OilandBlendingInformationApaleyelloworolive-coloredoil isproducedbysteamorwaterdistillationofthepetals.Thescentisrich,sweet-floral,andjustslightlyspicy.Strength:5ScentGroup:floralPerfumeNote:topPlantPart:AsAbove/FlowersWarning:
avoidduringpregnancyRose,MarocBotanicalName:Rosagallicasyn.R.xcentifoliaAlsoKnownAs:cabbagerose,Frenchrose,Moroccanrose,rosedeMai,roseofProvenceBelievedtohaveoriginatedinPersia(Iran),thisroseshrubreachesaboutfivefeetinheightandhassemi-double,pinkorredflowers.ItistherosethatGreekpoetSappho(circa
615–550BCE)calledthequeenofflowers.
OilandBlendingInformationThepetals are steam-distilled to create a pale yellowoil that has a rich, rosy-sweetscent.Strength:3Scent Group: floral Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: As
Above/FlowersWarning:avoidduringpregnancyMagicalUsesRosesare thegreatestsymbolsof loveandbeauty.Useroseoil toattract love,heighten desire and passion, and increase fertility and fidelity. Working on aspirituallevel,roseinstillsdeepdevotionthatbringsinspirationandwisdom.Itattractspeacetothehomeandaidsindealingwithfamilyissues.Additionally,itshealingenergybringshappiness,friendship,andlucktothehome.Thisoilisa powerful aid for divination, Otherworld contact, and encouraging propheticdreams. It is supportive when engaging in clairvoyance, communicating withspirits, andwith psychic work in general. Because fairies are quite enamoredwithroses,theseoilshelptoattractthemandtoinvitetheirblessings.Roseoilisalso good for consecrating amulets and charms. Use it for banishings andbinding spells, for aid in releasing hexes, and for help when keeping secrets.Thisoil is instrumental inprovidingemotionalcomfortduringtimesofsorrowor loss, especially following the death of a loved one.Rose is also associatedwithconfidence,courage,creativity,power,self,andstrength.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Cancer,Libra,Sagittarius,TaurusSolarSystem:VenusElements:air,
water Celebrations: Ostara, Rosalia Goddesses: Aphrodite, Demeter, Flora,Freya,Hathor,Holle, Isis,Lakshmi,VenusGods:Adonis,Angus,Cupid,Eros,HarpocratesRosemaryBotanicalName:RosmarinusofficinalisFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:elfleaf,incensier,rosmarine,seadewNativetotheMediterranean,rosemaryisashrubbyplantwithpineneedle–likeleavesandpaleblueflowers.OftenfoundgrowingontheseacliffsofsouthernFrance,rosemarywasdescribedashavingthesmelloftheoceanwithahintofpine.Thisisthesourceofitsgenusname,whichmeans“dewofthesea.”73Sinceancienttimes,rosemarywasusedinreligiousceremonies,magicspells,andmoremundanelyasamedicinalherb.TheGreeksandRomansuseditatweddingsasasymboloffidelityandatfuneralsforremembrance.Inthebeliefthatrosemaryimprovedmemory,
studentsinancientGreeceburneditorworeasprigofitintheirhairforhelpinpassingexams.Infourteenth-centuryEurope,rosemaryblossomsweresugared
andeatenasapreventivemeasureagainsttheplague.
OilandBlendingInformationAcolorlessorpaleyellowoilisproducedbysteamdistillationoftheleavesandflowertops.Ithasaminty-herbaceousscentwithawoodyundertone.Strength:4Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As
Above/Leaves and Flowers Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; avoid withepilepsyorotherseizuredisorders;avoidwithhighbloodpressureMagicalUsesAs in the past, rosemary is associated with remembering the dead. Use it atfuneralsorinSamhainritualstohonorthosewhohavepassedbeyondtheveil.Becauseitimprovesmemory,itisinstrumentalforrememberingdreamsaswellasforpast-lifework.Rosemary’scleansingpropertiesmakeitusefulforclearingnegativitybeforeritual,magic,orhealingwork.Thisoilreducestheintensityofstrongemotions,makingithelpfulinbalancingrelationships and engendering fidelity between lovers. Also use it in spells tobindpeopletogetheraswellastobanishwhatyounolongerneedinyourlife.Rosemary is instrumental in defensive magic to release and protect againsthexes.Alsouse it toconsecratecharmsandamulets.While itcanattractelvesand fairies, it also protects against malicious entities. Rosemary enhancesawarenessandincreasesmagicandpsychicpowers.Thisoilprovidesfocusandclarity for all forms of communication as well as inspiration for creativepursuits.Rosemary is alsoassociatedwith friendship, luck, lust,marriage, andwisdom.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Aries,Leo,Sagittarius,VirgoSolarSystem:Mercury,Moon,
SunElements:air,fireCelebrations:Samhain,Walpurgis,YuleGoddess:KupalaTheSageOilsBotanicalFamily:LamiaceaeThegenusnameforsage,Salvia,comesfromtheLatinsalvare,meaning“tocure”or“makehealthy.”74Thesageoilsinthisbookdonotincludewhitesage(Salviaapiana),whichisusedasasacredherbby
NativeAmericans.Althoughwhitesageoilisbecomingincreasinglypopularinspecialtyshops,itisnotasreadilyavailableintheformofatrueessentialoilasaretheothersages.Inaddition,itisimportanttonotethatalthoughtheessentialoilfromArtemisiadouglasianaisusuallycalledbluesageoil,theplantitselfiscommonlycalledwhitesage,whichissometimesconfusedwithSalviaapiana.
ClarySageBotanicalName:SalviasclareaAlsoKnownAs:clary,clarywort,cleareye,muscatelsage,seebrightThisherbhaslargeleavestingedwithpurpleand
small,blueflowers.IndigenoustosouthernEurope,clary’sspeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinclarus,meaning“clear.”75Thissagewasusedforcenturiesasaremedyforeyeproblems,andduringtheMiddleAges,itwasknownascleareyes.76Forcenturies,clarywasheldinhighregardasageneraltonicandwasoftenaddedtowineorbeertoincreasetheireuphoriceffectaswellasimparta
bettertaste.
OilandBlendingInformationThe leaves and flower tops are steam-distilled to produce a colorless or paleyellow-greenoil.Ithasasweet,nutty-herbaceousscent.Strength:4Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to base Plant Part: As
Above/LeavesandFlowersWarning:avoidduringpregnancyMagicalUsesClarysageaidsinfocusingthemind,bringsclarityofpurpose,andstrengthensmemory. Its energy is instrumental in developing intuition and enhancingcreativity. Inspiring innerpeace, it ishelpfulwhenseekingself-knowledgeandtranscendingspiritualboundaries.Useclary fordreamwork,particularly ifyouhave difficulty remembering dreams. Additionally, it supports psychicdevelopment,divination,andclairvoyance.Helpfulwhenseekingthetruth,claryalsohelpshold secrets.Thisherbaids indealingwith sexual issues, includingattractionandfertility.Useitinspellstoinvitemoneyandprosperityintoyourlife aswell aswhen you need tomake changes.Clary sage is also associatedwithbalance,beauty,growth,andvitality.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mercury,VenusElements:air,earthSage,CommonBotanicalName:SalviaofficinalisAlsoKnownAs:commonorgardensage,Dalmatiansage,truesageIncenturiespast,thissagewasusedmorefor
medicinalthanculinarypurposes.Drinkingsageteawasthoughttopromotegoodhealthandenhancelongevity.Forthosewhopreferredsomethingstronger,therewassageale.SagewashighlyvaluedbytheRomans,whocalleditherbasacra,sacredherb.Throughtheagesitwasbelievedtopromotewisdom.
OriginatingintheMediterraneanregion,commonsageisanevergreenherbwithhairy,gray-greenleavesandblueorvioletflowers.
OilandBlendingInformationTheleavesaresteam-distilled,producingacolorlesstopaleyellowoil.Ithasawarm-spicy,herbaceousscentthatisslightlycamphoraceous.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: top Plant Part: As Above/Leaves
Warnings:abortifacient,avoidduringpregnancy;oraltoxin;avoidwithepilepsyorotherseizuredisorder;donotuseontheskin;avoid ifyouhavehighbloodpressure;useinmoderation
Sage,SpanishBotanicalName:SalvialavandulifoliaAlsoKnownAs:lavender-leavedsage,
lavendersage,narrow-leavedsageSpanishsageisanevergreenshrubsimilartoitscousincommonsage,butitsgrayishleavesaresmallerandithassmall,blue-
violetflowers.Thissagewasregardedasacure-allinSpain,whereitwasbelievedtocontributetolongevity.ItisnativetoSpainandsouthernFrance.
OilandBlendingInformationTheleavesaresteam-distilledintoapaleyellowoilwithafresh-herbaceousandslightlypine-likescent.Strength:3ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middlePlantPart:AsAbove/Leaves
Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;useinmoderationMagicalUsesSageprovidesfocusandstabilityforclairvoyance,divination,andpsychicwork.Itsgroundingenergyclearsnegativityandisinstrumentalforritualpurification.Anaidinfindingspiritguides,sageoilhelpstoattunewithanimalpowerwhileprovidingpsychicprotection.Usesagetostimulateaswellasreleasememoriestobringpeace,comfort,andhealing.Alsouseitforspellsofwealth,prosperity,andmaking yourwishes come true. Sage oil is an aid for spiritual inspirationwhen seeking truth and wisdom. It is helpful for finding strength of purposewhen dealing with problems. Sage is also associated with fertility, longevity,secrets,andvitality.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Pisces, Sagittarius, TaurusSolar System: Jupiter,Mercury
Elements:air,earthCelebrations:Mabon,Samhain,Walpurgis,YuleGoddess:KupalaGod:Zeus
SandalwoodThenamesandalwoodhasbeenappliedtovarioustreesfromseveralbotanicalfamilies.WhatisconsideredtruesandalwoodcomesfromtheSantalumgenusintheSantalaceaefamily.Ofthese,Santalumalbum,orIndiansandalwood,isthesandalwood, but unfortunately its popularity and overuse is causing itsdestruction. Like rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora), sandalwood is becoming anendangeredtree.ForthisreasonIdidnotincluderosewoodortheclassicIndiansandalwood in this book. However, the sandalwoods are magically andspiritually powerful, so I have included Australian sandalwood (Santalumspicatum)becausetheAustraliangovernmentregulatestheharvestofthesetreesto ensure sustainability. While the scent of this sandalwood is slightly moreresinousandlesssweetthanIndiansandalwood,itworkswellasanalternative.
Sandalwood,AustralianBotanicalName:SantalumspicatumFamily:SantalaceaeSandalwood’sgenusnamecomefromtheSanskritnameforthetree.77ThissandalwoodisasmalltreethatgrowsindryregionsofAustralia.Ithasrough,almostblackbark,lance-shapedleaves,andclustersofsmall,whiteflowersthatgrowattheendsofbranchlets.Itproducesround,plum-likefruit.Sincethe1800sthearomatictimberhasbeenharvestedforincense,mainlyforexporttoChina.Likeits
Indiancousin,thescentofthissandalwooddeepensmeditationandpromoteshigherlevelsofconsciousness.Thecombinationofsandalwoodandroseisone
oftheoldestaphrodisiacs.
OilandBlendingInformationThe roots and heartwood are steam-distilled, producing a pale yellow oil. Itsscentisrich,woody,somewhatbalsamic,andslightlyfloral.Strength:3ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:basePlantParts:SoBelow/Roots,Wood
andBarkMagicalUsesSandalwood iswell known for supportingpersonal growth, providing spiritualinspiration, andmanifestingpeace. Itshealingenergybrings renewal, stability,strength,andwell-being.Usesandalwoodtoaugmentelement,angel,andmoonmagic, as well as to bring success in legalmatters. This oil supports psychicworkandaidsincontactingspiritguides.Sandalwoodisinstrumentalinpast-lifework, helping to break ties with the past while protecting against emotionalupset.Itenhancesawarenessforclairvoyanceandisinstrumentalforbanishingspells andbreakinghexes.Supportinggrounded energy and clarityofmind, italso aids in divination, dream, and astral work. Additionally, this oil boostscreativity and aids in expressing your desires. Sandalwood has strongpurificationpropertiesthatcanbeusedforconsecratingaltarsandmagictoolsaswell as clearing awaynegative energy.Use sandalwood to stimulate sexuality,attract love, and aid in maintaining a happy marriage as well as to improverelationships. Sandalwood is also associated with balance, luck, power, andsorrow.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Cancer,Leo, Pisces,VirgoSolarSystem:Mercury,Moon,
VenusElements:air,earth,waterGoddess:VenusGod:VishnuTheSavoryOilsBotanicalFamily:LamiaceaeThegenusnamefortheseplantscomesfromtheLatinSatureia,relatingtothemythicalsatyrorman/goat,whowasequatedwithsexualvitality.78Sinceancienttimestheseherbswereusedtoregulatethelibido.NativetoEurope,theyareamongtheplantsrecommendedforgrowingnearhivestoensurethatbeesreturn.TheSaxonsgavethesesplantsthecommon
namesavory.
Savory,SummerBotanicalName:SaturejahortensisAlsoKnownAs:gardensavorySummersavoryisasmallherbwithslender,lance-shapedleavesandsmall,palelilac-coloredflowers.Thisplant’sspeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinhortensia,meaningthatitisacultivatedplantandnotawildone.79Summersavoryisa
popularculinaryherbthatisalsousedasatea.
OilandBlendingInformationAcolorlessorpaleyellowoilisproducedbysteam-distillingtheentireplant.Ithasafresh,herbaceous,andslightlyspicyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfumeNote: middle Plant Part: N/AWarnings:
avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinSavory,WinterBotanicalName:SaturejaMontanaAlsoKnownAs:mountainsavoryThissavoryisashrubbyperennialwithlance-shapedleavesandclustersofwhite-pinkflowers.ThespeciesnamecomesfromtheLatinmontana,meaningthatitgrowswildinthemountains.80TheRomansusedwintersavoryasaflavoringforvinegarandintroducedtheplantintoEngland,whereintheseventeenthcenturyitbecamepopulartoflavormeatandfish.ItisoneoftheherbsusedintheFrenchbouquetgarniforsimmeringsoupsandstews.BeforepepperwasavailabletotheAmericancolonists,wintersavorywasusedinitsplacefor
flavoring.
OilandBlendingInformationLikesummersavory,theentireplantissteam-distilledtoproduceacolorlessorpale yellow oil. This savory oil has a sharp, herbaceous, and somewhatmedicinalscent.Strength:5ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfumeNote: middle Plant Part: N/AWarnings:
avoidduringpregnancy;hazardousifusedontheskinMagicalUsesSavory is a powerhouse that boosts sexual appetite and enhances sexualexpression. It aids concentration and fuels the mind for tackling problems.Savory oil promotes productivity and opens theway for creativity. Use it forhealingandwhenyouseekkindnessandcomfort.Savoryisalsoassociatedwithhappiness.
CorrespondencesZodiac:VirgoSolarSystem:MercuryElements:air,fireSnakerootBotanicalName:AsarumcanadenseFamily:AristolochiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:colicroot,falsecoltsfoot,Indianginger,wildgingerSnakerootisalow-growing,bushyherbwithglossyheart-shapedleaves.Threedistinctivebrownish-purplesepals,theoutermostpartofaflower,protecttheyoungbudsandgivetheplantanalienappearance.SnakerootwasusedmedicinallyforarangeofailmentsbyNativeAmericansandwasquicklyadoptedbyEuropeansettlers.ThecommonnamesnakerootmayhavecomefromtheuseofitsEuropeancousin(Asarumeuropaeum)fortreatingsnakebitesorpossiblybecauseclumpsofyoungshoots
looklikeadenoflittlesnakes.Snakerootissometimessubstitutedforrealginger(Zingiberofficinale).
OilandBlendingInformationAnambertobrownish-yellowoilisproducedbysteam-distillingtherhizomes.Ithasawoody-spicy,ginger-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Plant Part: So Below/Roots Warning: avoid during
pregnancyMagicalUsesSnakerootaidsinattractingluck,money,andgeneralprosperity.Useitforritualpurification and to build protection, especially from hexes. Snakeroot’sgroundingenergyprovidesstability thataugmentspsychicwork.Inaddition tosupportingcontactwiththeOtherworld,thisoilaidsinholdingsecrets.Itisalsoassociatedwithlongevity.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:MarsElement:earthSpikenardBotanicalName:NardostachysjatamansiFamily:ValeriananceaeAlsoKnownAs:Indianroot,falseIndianvalerianroot,nardTheancientEgyptiansused
spikenardtopurifyandraisespiritualvibrationsintemples,whiletheHebrewsandHindususeditforritualandmedicinalpurposes.ItwasimportanttotheGreeksandRomansasaningredientinnardinum,ascentedoilusedfor
anointinghairpriortocrowningwithwreathsatfestivals.Inaddition,spikenardwashighlyvaluedinIndiaforperfume.Reachingthreefeetinheight,spikenardhaswideleavesandlongstemsthatsupportpink,bell-shapedflowers.Itis
nativetomountainousareasofnorthernIndia,China,andJapan.
OilandBlendingInformationTherhizomesaresteam-distilled,creatingapaleyelloworamberoil.Theearthywoodyscentissometimesdescribedasamixofmusk,patchouli,andvalerian.Strength:4ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:basePlantPart:SoBelow/RootsMagical
UsesAssociatedwithpeaceandkindness,spikenardaidsincommunicationbetweenpeopleaswellaswithanimals.ItalsoaidsincontactwiththeOtherworld.Thisoilisusefulforconsecratingaltars,purifyingmagictools,andgroundingenergyafter ritual. Spikenard’s cleansing properties also negate negativity, bringingbalanceandfidelitytorelationships.Useitinspellstoattractloveandluck.Thisoilisinstrumentalinfocusingthemindforsolvingproblemsaswellascreativeexpression. Spikenard can be instrumental in healing, especially whenrecoveringfromemotionalwounds.Itisalsoassociatedwithlongevity,secrets,stability,andwell-being.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mercury,Saturn,VenusElements:earth,waterSpruceBotanicalName:Pinuscanadensissyn.TsugaCanadensisFamily:PinaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonhemlock,easternhemlock,hemlockspruceThistreeshouldnotbeconfusedwiththehemlock(Coniummaculatum)usedtopoisonGreekphilosopherSocratesin399BCE.NativetoNorthAmerica,hemlocksprucecangrowastallas100feet.Ithassmall,brownconesandflatneedlesthatgrowinspiralsaroundthebranches.Aswasoftenthecase,EuropeanslearnedaboutthetreasuretroveofmedicinalapplicationsfromNative
Americans.Thesettlersalsobrewedyoungtwigstomakeateaandusedthebarktodyewoolbrownorgiveleatherarichreddishhighlight.TheLakota
peoplebelievedthistreehelpedthemconnectwiththeGreatSpirit.
OilandBlendingInformationTheneedlesandtwigsaresteam-distilledtoproduceacolorlessorpaleyellowoil.Itsscentisfreshandbalsamicwithafruityhint.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: top Plant Part: So Below/Twigs and
LeavesMagicalUsesSpruceenhancesmemoryandstimulatespsychicabilities,especiallychanneling.Ithelpsdevelopintuitionaswellastodiscernwhentoactonit.Useittoconnectwith forest spirits. Instrumental in releasing stagnant emotions, this oil bringsclarity,hope, and renewal. It aids in finding inspiration,deepening spirituality,andstrengtheningtrust.Useit tokeepenergygroundedwhenseekingwisdom.The stability engendered by spruce is a boon to protectionwhile dealingwithproblems.Knownasahealeronmany levels, thisoil aids inpersonalgrowth,bringingcomfortandsecurity.Itisalsoassociatedwithbalance,longevity,andmoney.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Capricorn Elements: earth, water Goddesses: Cerridwen,
Cybele,DanuGods:Attis,PoseidonStarAniseBotanicalName:IlliciumverumFamily:MagnoliaceaeAlsoKnownAs:aniseedstars,ChineseaniseStaranise’sbotanicalnamescomefromtheLatinillicium,meaning“seductive,”whichreferstoitsfragrance,andverus,whichmeans
“true.”81Reachingabout60feetinheight,thisevergreenhastaperingleavesandgreen-yellowflowers.Theseedpods,whicharepickedanddriedbeforeripening,areintheshapeofaneight-pointedstar.Thisliquorice-flavoredspicehasbeenpopularinkitchensthroughoutsoutheastAsia,whereitisindigenous,andhasbeenusedinChinesemedicineforoverathousandyears.BuddhistsinJapanplantedstaraniseneartheirtemplesandburnedtheseedpodsasincense.Becauseofitssimilarityintaste,Europeansoftensubstituteditforanise
(Pimpinellaanisum).
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distilling the fruit produces a pale yellow oil with a spicy-sweet,liquorice-likescent.Strength:5Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Fruit
Warnings:avoidduringpregnancy;useinmoderationMagicalUsesStar anise is instrumental for increasing psychic abilities and supportingclairvoyance.Asapowerfulpurifier,thisoilisusefulforconsecratingaltarsandmagic tools as well as for banishing negative energy. Anoint each cardinaldirectionofanaltartoamplifythepowerofritualandmagic.StaraniseboostsawarenessfordivinationpracticesandwhencontactingtheOtherworld.Usethisoilinspellstomanifestabundance,happiness,luck,andsuccess.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Aquarius,Pisces,SagittariusSolarSystem:Jupiter,MercuryElements:
air,waterStoraxBotanicalName:LiquidambarorientalisFamily:HamamelidaceaeAlsoKnownAs:Levantstyrax,liquidambar,rosemalles,stracte,styraxThissmalltreehaspurplish-graybarkandgetsitsgenusnamefromitsamber-coloredresin.Storaxflowersareyellowish-white,anditsleaveshavefivelobes.Itsspeciesnamemeans“ofthedawn”or“eastern.”82ItissaidtohavecomefromtheLevant,whichreferstoalargeareaintheMiddleEastthatencompassedanumberofpresent-daycountries.Thisplanthasbeenusedmedicinallyinbotheasternandwesternculturesforthousandsofyears.InancientEgypttheresinwasusedinperfumeryaswellastheembalmingprocess.InFranceitwasaningredientinthemixtureusedtowashandscenttheshirtsofKingLouisXIV(1638–1715),
whowasknownastheSunKing.
OilandBlendingInformationAwhitetopaleyellowoilisproducedbysteamdistillationoftheresin.Ithasarich,sweet-balsamicscent.Strength:5Scent Group: resinous Perfume Note: base Plant Part: So Below/Resins
Warning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesTransformingnegative energy intopositive, storaxprovidespsychicprotectionandhas thepower tobreakhexes. It rouses themind toenhancedivinationaswellascreativity.Usestoraxtoattractloveandluck,andtoincreasethepowerof spells. On the home front, it provides stability and attracts prosperity. Thehealing aspect of storax bolsters vitality. This oil is also associated withconfidenceandcontrol.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Mercury,SunElements:earth,fire,waterTagetesBotanicalName:TagetesminutaFamily:AsteraceaeAlsoKnownAs:Aztecmarigold,Indiancarnation,marigold,Mexicanmarigold,tagetAlthoughthisfloweroriginatedinSouthAmerica,itsbotanicalnamehonorstheRomangodTages,grandsonofJupiter.Accordingtolegend,Tageswassaidtohavesprungfromtheearthandwascreditedwithteachingplowingandagriculturetothe
Etruscans.Thespeciesnamereferstothesizeofitsbrightorangeflowersratherthantheplantitself,whichonlygrows12inchestall.83InSouthAmericatageteswereusedformedicinalandritualpurposes.TheAztecsregardedtheplantsassacredandgrewthemamongsttheircropsforprotection—apracticethat
actuallyhelpsrepelinsects.ConsideredtheflowerofthedeadbytheAztecs,tagetesareusedonaltarsforDayoftheDeadobservances(November2nd)in
present-dayMexico.
OilandBlendingInformationTheflowersaresteam-distilledtoproduceayellowordarkorangeoil.Ithasaslightlybitter,herbaceousscentwithfruityundertonesStrength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: As
Above/Leaves and Flowers Warnings: may cause skin irritation; use inmoderationMagicalUsesThis oil is instrumental in defining your purpose for divination, clairvoyance,anddreamwork.Itaidsindevelopingpsychicskillsandenhancestheabilitytosee magical creatures. Use it for angel magic as well as to provide spiritualprotection.Tagetes is instrumental forSamhainasablessingoroffering to thedead, to ease sorrow, and to wish loved ones peace in the afterlife. This oilfostersgoodcommunicationandisespeciallyhelpfulforengenderingfidelityinsexual relationships. Associated with success, tagetes can be an aid in legalmattersbysupportingadeterminedmind.Useit inspells toattractabundance,comfort, happiness, and prosperity. Tagetes encourages healing for personalgrowth and transformation. This oil is also associated with beauty, fertility,longevity,andwealth.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Leo Solar System: Sun Elements: air, fire Celebrations:
Beltane,Mabon,SamhainGods:Tages,XochiquetzalTarragonBotanicalName:ArtemisiadracunculusFamily:AsterceaeAlsoKnownAs:dragon’smugwort,Frenchtarragon,littledragonThiscousintomugworthassmooth,narrowleavesanddroopingclustersofyellow-greenflowers.NativetoEurope,southernRussia,andwesternAsia,tarragonisanherbthatcangrowuptothreeorfourfeettall.FromtheLatindracunculus,meaning“dragon-like,”
tarragon’sspeciesnamedescribestheserpentineappearanceofitsroots.PopularintheMiddleEast,theArabphysicianAvicennaprescribeditforvariousremedies,anditscommonnamecomesfromtheArabicwordfortheplant,
tarkhum.84InFranceitwasknownforcuringserpentbitesandcalledherbeaudragon;however,sincethetimeofCharlemagne(742–814),ithasbeena
commonmainstayinFrenchkitchens.
OilandBlendingInformationSteam-distillingtheleavesproducesapaleyellowoilwithaspicy-sweet,anise-likescent.Strength:3Scent Group: spicy Perfume Note: middle Plant Part: As Above/Leaves
Warnings: avoid during pregnancy; may be orally toxic; use in moderationMagicalUsesDespite tarragon’s association with dragons, it is a plant of abundance andcomfort.Use its dragon energy in protection spells to instill confidence and asense of security. Tarragon is instrumental for dreamwork as well asunderstandingtheknowledgereceived.Itsupportsself-explorationandgrowth,andaidsinfindinglife’struepurpose.Usetarragontofosterpeacewhenseekingjustice.Itisalsoassociatedwithsecrets.
CorrespondencesZodiac:AriesSolarSystem:MarsElements:air,fire,waterTeaTreeBotanicalName:MelaleucaalternifoliaFamily:MyrtaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
narrow-leavedpaperbark,titree
Whileteatreeisageneralnameappliedtothe300varietiesofmelaleucanativetoAustralia, this is the only one that produces oil. This evergreen has paperybark, needle-like leaves, and spikes of yellowish-white or purple flowers. ItsgenusnamecomesfromtheGreekmelas(black)andleukos(white),referringtoitsdarkgreenleavesandwhitebark.85BritishcaptainandexplorerJamesCook(1728–1779)calleditteatreewhenhesawAboriginesbrewingtheleaves.Thistree’s powerful antiseptic properties made it part of traditional medicine forcenturiesandastandarditeminAustralianArmykitsduringWorldWarII.Asits useproliferated through the ranksof other armies, it becameknownas the“WonderfromDownUnder.”
OilandBlendingInformationTheleavesandtwigsaresteamorwaterdistilled,producingapaleyellow-greenorwhite oil. It has awoody,medicinal, and slightly spicy scent, similar to itscousineucalyptus,butsofter.Theoilisalsoknownasti-trolandmelasol.Strength:3Scent Group: herbaceous Perfume Note: middle to top Plant Part: So
Below/TwigsandLeavesWarning:maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesTea tree is an exceptional healer that supports both physical and emotionalrecovery.Itbuildsstrength, increasesconfidence,andfosters trust.Withstrongpowersofpurification,teatreeprovidesprotectionandaidsinremovinghexes.This oil helps to set a determined mind for finding a worthy purpose in allendeavors. Use it for inspiration to enhance creativity and to find balance inpersonalgrowth.
CorrespondenceElement:earthThyme
BotanicalName:ThymusvulgarisFamily:LamiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:commonthyme,Englishthyme,sweetthyme,whitethyme
ThisbushyMediterraneanherbgrowsaboutafoothighandhasovalleavesandsmall,pinktolilacorbluish-purpleflowers.ThegenusnamemaycomefromtheGreek thymos, meaning “to perfume or fumigate,” or thymus, meaning“courage.”86 In Greece, thyme was used to make perfumes for homes andtemples.Itwasburnedonaltarsasofferingsaswellastopurifysacredspaces.According tomyth, thyme sprang from the teardrops ofHelen of Troy. Plinyrecommended planting it near hives because it attracts bees and results in aspecial-flavoredhoney.Romansoldiersandmedievalknightsuseditforcourageand to increase vigor.Likewise, during theFrenchRevolution itwasworn bypeople on the barricades to bolster courage. In some parts of England, thymewasthoughttobeafavoriteoffairies,andbrushingasprigofitacrosstheeyeswasthoughttoallowapersontoseethem.
AbouttheOilThechemicalconstituentsofthymevarywidelyaccordingtowhereitisgrown,whichiswhyyouwillfindmanytypesofthymeoils.TheyaredesignatedwithCT,meaningchemotype.Thymehasaboutsixorsevenchemotypes,eachwithdifferent therapeutic properties. I suggest using Thymus vulgarisCT linalool,whichisknowntobeverygentle.Designatedasoneofthewhitethymeoils,itisoftenusedforpeoplewhoaresensitivetothestrongertypes.Thefirstdistillationofleavesandflowertopsproducesanoilcalledredthyme.
This is because the color can be reddish, reddish-brown, or reddish-orange.Distilling theplantmaterial a second time results inwhite thymeoil,which isclearorpaleyellow.Linaloolisaproductfromtheseconddistillationandhasaherbaceous,slightlysweetscent.87
Strength:4ScentGroup:herbaceousPerfumeNote:middletotop
PlantPart:AsAbove/LeavesandFlowersWarnings:avoidduringpregnancy;may cause skin irritation; avoidwith high blood pressure; use inmoderation;maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesAlthough thyme is a very common herb, it is a powerhouse for magicalpurposes.Thymeiswellknownforitspurificationproperties,makingitidealforpreparing ritual space and consecrating altars. Use it to stimulate energy fordivination and psychic work as well as any type of work involving the fairyrealm.Alsouseittoclearnegativeenergyingeneral,andtoenhanceawarenessfor clairvoyance. Thyme boosts strength and courage, and provides protectionduringcontactwiththeOtherworld.Usethisoiltoincreasetheeffectivenessofspells involving love, luck, and money. As a healer, thyme fosters personalgrowth and well-being. It also aids in dealing with sorrow and helps bringhappinesstothehome.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithconfidenceandrenewal.
MagicalCorrespondencesZodiac: Aries, Capricorn, Libra, Taurus Solar System: Venus Elements: air,
waterCelebration:WalpurgisTurmericBotanicalName:CurcumalongaFamily:ZingiberaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
curcuma,haldi,Indiansaffron,Indianyellowroot,yellowgingerSportingdullyellowflowers,turmerichaslance-shapedleavesonthree-foot-tallstemsthatgrowdirectlyfromitsthick,orangeroot.NativetosouthernAsia,thisherbisacousintogingerandgalangal,anditshistoryofculinaryandmedicinaluses
datesbacktotheseventhcenturyBCE.ItscommonnamecomesfromtheLatinterramerita,referringtoayellowmineralpigmentthatresemblestheone
producedfromturmeric.88Inadditiontodyeingpriests’robes,dabbingalittleturmericpastetothehemofanewgarmentwasbelievedtomakeitauspicious.TurmericpigmentwasalsousedinHindurituals,especiallywomen’slife-cycleceremoniesforpubertyandweddings.Withthebeliefthatsupernaturalbeingsandevilspiritsdidnotlikethesmellofburningturmeric,itwasusedtotest
whetherapersonwasanordinaryhumanoraghost.
OilandBlendingInformationA yellow-orange oil with a slight blue fluorescence is produced by steamdistillationoftherhizomes.Ithasafresh,spicy-woodyscent.Strength:3ScentGroup:spicyPerfumeNote:basePlantPart:SoBelow/RootsWarnings:
avoidduringpregnancy;maycauseskinirritation;useinmoderation;maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesWithstrongpowersofpurificationthatenhancetheflowofenergy,turmericcanbeemployedtoprotectamagiccircleortoclearritualspace.Itisalsousefulforbreakinghexesaswellasgroundingandcenteringenergy.Turmeric’supliftingenergy builds confidence and courage, which is particularly useful whenconnecting with the Otherworld. Inviting stability and longevity, this oil’shealingenergyfostersageneralsenseofwell-being.Turmericisalsoassociatedwithpassionandsecrets.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:MarsElements:earth,fireValerianBotanicalName:ValerianaofficinalisFamily:ValerianaceaeAlsoKnownAs:catvalerian,commonvalerian,gardenheliotrope,vandalrootDespitetheplant’sodor,whichpromptedGreekherbalistDioscoridestonameitPhu,valerianwasavaluedmedicinalintheancientworld.Itscommonnameisthoughttohave
comefromtheLatinvalere,meaning“tobewell,”andduringtheMiddleAgesitwasknownasall-healandblessedherb.89Itwasalsousedasaculinary
ingredientinsoupsaswellasasachetherbtoscentclothing.Attractivetocatsandrodents,itisbelievedthatthePiedPiperofHamelinusedvaleriantolurethe
ratsawayfromthecity.ThenamevandalrootcomesfromtheSwedishvändelrot,areferencetoitsusebyTeutonictribesknownastheVandals.90
IndigenoustoEurope,thisfive-foot-tallplanthasdarkleavesandclustersofpurplish-whiteorpinkflowers.
OilandBlendingInformationTherhizomesaresteam-distilled,producinganoilthatisolivetobrownincolor.Itsscentiswarm,woody,andbalsamic.Strength:3Scent Group: woody Perfume Note: base Plant Part: So Below/Roots
Warnings:useinmoderation;maycausesensitizationMagicalUsesValerian’spowersofpurificationareuseful in consecratingnew ritual tools aswell as ritual space. It aids in breaking hexes and provides protection for thehome, bringing peace, stability, and happiness. This oil opens the lines ofcommunication for resolving problems aswell as connectingwithOtherworldspirits. Use valerian to support love and money spells. As a healer, valerianboosts vitality and longevity, and keeps energy grounded during emotionalturmoil. It ishelpfulforgettingintoacreativeframeofmind.Useit toaccessknowledgeandwhenseekingthetruthwithinsecrets.Valerianisalsoassociatedwithcyclesandkindness.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Scorpio,VirgoSolarSystem:Mercury,VenusElements: earth,water
Goddesses:Epona,KupalaVetiverBotanicalName:VetiveriazizanoidesFamily:PoaceaeAlsoKnownAs:vetivert,khuskhus,morasNativetosouthernIndiaandIndonesia,vetiverisagrasswithlong,narrowleavesandstraight,tuftedstemsthatcanreachsixfeetinheight.Althoughitsspeciesnamemeansthatitresembleswildrice,vetiveroilwas
knownastheoiloftranquility.91Fanswovenfromthisgrassserveddoubledutyforcoolingaswellasimpartingadelightful,soothingfragrance.ThispracticewasquicklyadoptedbywomeninthesouthernUnitedStateswhenvetiverwas
importedtoAmerica.
OilandBlendingInformationThe roots are steam-distilled, producing an amber, olive, or dark brownoil. Ithasarich,woody-smokyscentwithsweetundertones.Strength:5ScentGroup:woodyPerfumeNote:basePlantPart:SoBelow/RootsMagical
UsesVetiveramplifiesconnectionwiththeearthhelpingtogroundandcenterenergyaswell as connectwith theUnderworld.Use it in defensivemagic to amplifypersonal power as well as to break hexes. Vetiver is also effective in spellsdealingwithluck,love,andmoney.Itcanbringbothprosperityandprotectiontothehomeandfamily.Vetiverisasourceofstabilityandstrengthfordealingwithproblemsaswellasemotional turmoil.Thisoilsupportsspiritualdevelopmentandpromotesbalancebetween the spiritual andmundane. It is also associatedwithlongevityandsecrets.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Capricorn, Libra, Taurus Solar System: Jupiter, Saturn, Venus
Elements:earth,fire,waterGoddess:YemayaYarrowBotanicalName:AchilleamillefoliumFamily:AsteraceaeAlsoKnownAs:bloodwort,devil’snettle,milfoil,nosebleed,thousandleafNativetoEuropeandAsia,thisherbhasdense,pink-whiteflowerheadsatopthree-foot-tallstems.The
ancientChineseremovedthebranchesoflacyleavesandtrimmedthestemstouseasIChingdivinationsticks.Theyalsoconsideredyarrowasacredplantbecauseofitsbalanceofyinandyangenergies.TotheGreeks,yarrowwasan
importantmedicinalherb,whichtheynamedfortheheroAchilles,whoreputedlyusedittohealthewoundsofhisfellowsoldiers.AlthoughtheRomansalsousedittostanchbleedingonbattlefieldsandcalleditherbamilitaris,itwasmorewidelyemployedforcommonthingssuchasnosebleeds.92Thenicknamedevil’snettlecomesfromthebeliefthatthisplantwasdedicatedtoSatan.ItwasusedinspellsandcharmsaswellasstrewnacrossdoorwaystokeepWitches
fromenteringhouseholds.
OilandBlendingInformationThewholeplantissteam-distilledintoadarkblueorgreenishoilwithasweetherbaceousscent.Strength:3ScentGroup: herbaceousPerfumeNote: topPlant Part: N/AWarning: may
causesensitizationMagicalUsesYarrow’sgroundingenergyclearsawaynegativity,releaseshexes,andbanishesanythingunwanted.Useit topurifyritualspaceandconsecratetools.Itaidsinstimulating intuitionandpsychic abilities (especially clairvoyance)byopeningawarenesstohigheruniversalenergies.Thisalsomakesyarrowapowerfulallyfordreamworkanddivination.Useyarrow inanimalanddefensivemagic, forsuccessinlovespells,andtoattractfairies.Italsoprovidespsychicandspiritualprotection and aids in communicatingwith the spirits of lovedoneswhohavepassed.Yarrowengendersfidelityandlongevityinmarriage,leadingthewaytohappinessandwell-being.Itsupportsfriendshipsthatleadtoemotionalhealingandgrowth.Additionally,yarrowprovidestheconfidenceandcouragetotacklebig problems as well as spiritual issues. It is also associatedwith abundance,beauty,beginnings,changes,fertility,andluck.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Cancer, Gemini Solar System: Venus Elements: air, water Gods:
Achilles,CernunnosYlang-Ylang:SeetheCanangaOils
[contents]
18.delaTour,EarthMotherHerbal,52.19.Wilson,Aromatherapy,49.20.Ibid.,84.21.Ibid.,53and54.22.Grieve,AModernHerbal,103.23.Heilmeyer,AncientHerbs,30.24.JanardhananandThoppil,HerbandSpiceEssentialOils,35.25.Clarkson,MagicGardens,369.26.Phaneuf,HerbsDemystified,62.27.Mojay,AromatherapyforHealingtheSpirit,58.28.Wheelwright,MedicinalPlantsandTheirHistory,84.29.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,135.30.Wilson,Aromatherapy,64.31.Raghavan,HandbookofSpices,Seasonings,andFlavorings,101.32.Wilson,Aromatherapy,66.33.Chevellier,EncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,166.34.Wilson,Aromatherapy,67.35.Ibid.,71.36.Grieve,AModernHerbal,293.37.Bennet,TheWildWoodsGuide,273.38.Grieve,AModernHerbal,339.39.Illes,PureMagic,236.40.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,51.41.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosols,204.42.FosterandYue,HerbalEmissaries,93.43.Phaneuf,HerbsDemystified,142.44.Grieve,AModernHerbal,411.45.Ibid.,426.46.Coombes,DictionaryofPlantNames,110.47.Fischer-Rizzi,TheCompleteAromatherapyHandbook,104.
48.Wilson,Aromatherapy,82.49.Langenheim,PlantResins,435.50.Panda,EssentialOilsHandbook,90.51.Grieve,AModernHerbal,474.52.Platt,LemonHerbs,1.53.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,228.54.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,53.55.PauwelsandChristoffels,Herbs,59.56.Wilson,Aromatherapy,91.57.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosols,21.58.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,115.59.Heilmeyer,AncientHerbs,92.60.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,256.61.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosol,20.62.MillerandMiller,TheMagicalandRitualUseofPerfumes,46.63.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosol,195.64.Heilmeyer,AncientHerbs,72.65.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,86.66.Wilson,Aromatherapy,101.67.Murray,HealthBenefitsDerivedfromSweetOrange,8.68.Dobelis,MagicandMedicineofPlants,243.69.Arrowsmith,EssentialHerbalWisdom,193.70.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,282.71.Duke,Duke’sHandbookofMedicinalSpices,24.72.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,120.73.Wilson,Aromatherapy,113.74.Ibid.,130.75.Ibid.,61.76.Chevallier,EncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,163.77.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosols,23.78.Staub,75ExceptionalHerbsforYourGarden,212.79.Rose,375EssentialOilsandHydrosols,23.80.Ibid.81.Ibid.82.Neil,Gardener’sLatin,89.83.Ibid.84.Staub,75ExceptionalHerbsforYourGarden,221.85.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,354.86.Wilson,Aromatherapy,126.
87.Linaloolisatypeofnaturallyoccurringterpenealcoholfoundinmanyessentialoils.Itwasnamedfortheoilfromthelinaloetree.
88.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,36.89.Chevallier,TheEncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,146.90.Tucker,TheEncyclopediaofHerbs,498.91.Neil,Gardener’sLatin135.92.Chevallier,TheEncyclopediaofMedicinalPlants,54.
CHAPTER9
CarrierOilProfilesAlmond,Sweet
BotanicalName:Prunusamygdalusvar.dulcisFamily:RosaceaeSomebotanistsbelievethatthesweetalmondwasanaturalhybridofwildspeciesfromwesternAsia.93Thistreehasabushy,roundcrownandfinelytoothed,lance-shapedleaves.Itspeach-likefruitproducesthefamiliaredibleseed.
EvidenceofhumanusehasbeenfoundinBronzeAge(3300–1200BCE)sitesinGreeceandCyprus.InGreekmythology,thegodAttiswassaidtohavebeen
bornofthealmond.Bythefourteenthcentury,almondswereanimportanttradecommodityintheMediterraneanregion,whichtheKnightsTemplarcapitalizedonbyrequiringalmondsastithes.Formedievalmagicians,analmondbranchwastherodofchoice,andinTuscanytheywereimportantasdiviningrods.
ThroughoutEurope,almondssymbolizedgoodluckandweregivenatweddingsforlonglifeandhappiness.Dulcisinitsnamemeans“sweet”or“mild.”
AbouttheOilProducedfromthenutkernel,almondisconsideredanall-purposecarrieroil.Scent: faintly almond, nuttyColor: pale yellow Approximate Shelf Life: 12
months Plant Part: As Above and So Below/Seeds Magical Support Sweetalmond is instrumental in opening awareness for clairvoyance, divination, andconnectingwith spirits. Use it in spells when seeking abundance, knowledge,andprosperity, aswell as for findingyour true love. It is especiallyhelpful inblends for blessings and consecrating ritual space. Almond boosts protectionspells and aids in bringing happiness and peace. It also aids in creativity andcommunication.Almond’slinkwithcyclesandbeginningsmakesitapowerfulcarrieroilforspringtimeblendsandanytimerenewalorchangeissought.Thisoilfostersbeauty,hope,andwell-being.Almondisalsoassociatedwithbalance,fertility,longevity,luck,money,andwealth.
Correspondences Zodiac: Aquarius, Gemini, Virgo Solar System:Jupiter,Mercury,SunElements:air, fireCelebration:BeltaneGods:Attis,Hermes,Mercury,ThothGoddess:VenusApricot
BotanicalName:PrunusarmeniacaFamily:RosaceaeThroughouttheirindigenousareaofnortheasternChina,apricotswerebelievedtobestowthepowerofprophecy.Thefruitissimilartothepeachinthatitisoftenslightlyfuzzywithyellowtodeeporange-coloredflesh.Whitetopinkflowers,whichbloombeforeleavesappearandofteninthesnow,madethistreeasymbolofpurityandperseveranceinJapan.Asavaluabletradeitem,thefruitwas
introducedintoEuropethroughArmeniaandbecameknownasthe“Armenianplum.”TheRomanscalledthempraecocium,meaning“ripebeforeitstime,”becauseapricotsripenedearlierthanotherfruit.94Apricotsweretakento
Americaintheearly1700s,andbytheendofthecenturytheywerebeinggrownattheSpanishmissionsinCalifornia.
AbouttheOilOilisproducedfromtheapricotkernel.Scent: faintlynuttyColor: light todeepgoldenApproximateShelfLife:6–12
monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportWellknownforitsconnectionwithlove,apricotisinstrumentalforbindingloverstogether,increasingpassion,andsupportingrelationships.Itaidsinopeningthemindfordivination as well as receiving knowledge. Use it for magic involving theelementsandwheneveryouneedtoboostyourdefenses.Althoughitsenergyisgentle,apricotcanbeacatalystforchangethatushersinrenewalorafreshstart.Use it to foster creativity that brings balance and peace. Apricot is alsoassociatedwithcycles,determination,fertility,longevity,andpurification.
CorrespondencesZodiac:TaurusSolarSystem:Neptune, Sun,VenusElements:fire,waterGoddess:VenusAvocado
BotanicalName:PerseaamericanaFamily:LauraceaeAlsoKnownAs:aguacate(toSpanishspeakers),alligatorpear,butterpearNativetocentral
Mexico,theavocadoisanevergreentreewithlance-shapedleavesandsmall,palegreentoyellowish-greenflowersthatgrowattheendsofbranches.Thepear-shapedfruitisgreen,fleshy,andbearsonelargeseed.TheIncacalledavocadospalta,andtheAzteccalledthemahuacatl.95Inaddition,theAztec
considereditafruitforfertilitybecauseitresembledacertainpartofthemaleanatomy.Notonlydidsixteenth-centuryEuropeanexplorersfindavocadosundercultivationwhentheyarrivedintheNewWorld,butarchaeological
evidencealsoshowsthatavocadoswereanimportantfoodtotheearlierMeso-AmericanIndians(4000–2800BCE).Avocado’sgenusnamereflectsthefactthatatonetimetheavocadowasbelievedtohavecomefromPersia.Changing
thespeciesnametoamericanawasmeanttofixtheerror.
AbouttheOilOilisproducedfromtheavocadofruit.Scent:herbaceousColor:darkgreenApproximateShelfLife: 6monthsPlant
Part:AsAbove/FruitMagicalSupportAlmosteverythingabouttheavocadoisearthy.Usethiscarrieroilinblendsinvolvinglove,fertility,andsexmagic.Itisinstrumentalformanifestingbeautyandpassioninyourlife,aswellascomfortandsuccess.Useitinspellstoattractabundanceandincreasewealth.Avocadoisalsoassociatedwithhappiness,healing,andlongevity.
CorrespondencesZodiac:LibraSolarSystem:VenusElements:earth,waterBorageBotanicalName:BoragoofficinalisFamily:BoraginaceaeAlsoKnownAs:beebread,bugloss,burrage,starflowerDroopingclustersofblue,star-shaped
flowersyieldarichhoney,whichisthesourceofborage’snicknamebeebread.ThisbushynativeofsouthernEuropehasgray-greenleavesandhollowstemsthatarecoveredwithroughhairs.ThenamebuglosscomesfromtheGreekbous-glossa,meaning“oxtongue,”whichdescribestheshapeofitsleaves.96
RecommendedbyDioscoridesandPliny,boragewasusedforcourageandstrengthbybothRomanandCelticwarriors.BorageforcouragewasabeliefheldforoverathousandyearsuptothetimeoftheCrusades,whenknightsmixeditintheirwinetobolsterbravery.Reinforcingthiswasthemotifofa
borageblossomandabeeembroideredonscarvesgiventohusbandsandloversgoingofftotheCrusades.Medievalherbalistsusedborageforarangeof
ailments,andtodayitissometimesusedasanalternativetoeveningprimroseoil.
AbouttheOilOilisobtainedfromtheseeds.Borageoilisoftenmixedwithalighter-texturedone,suchasalmond.Scent:light,sweetColor:lightyellowApproximateShelfLife:6monthsPlant
Part:AsAbove andSoBelow/SeedsMagical SupportWith a long history ofboosting courage, borage is also supportive of physical and spiritual strength.Useittoexpandawarenessforclairvoyance,forgeneralpsychicwork,andwhencalling on the angels for protection. This oil helps to soothe themind duringtimesofsorrowaswellaswhenhealingfromdestructiverelationships.Useitforinnerpurification to foster beauty andwhendeveloping trust in someone.Thepower of borage is instrumental for initiating changes that bring balance andhappiness.Itisalsoassociatedwithbeginnings,cycles,andmoney.
Correspondences Zodiac: Gemini, Leo, Pisces, Sagittarius SolarSystem:JupiterElements:air,fireCamelliaBotanicalName:CamelliasinensisandC.oleiferaFamily:TheaceaeCamelliawasnamedinhonorofamateurbotanistGeorgJosephKamel,aseventeenth-
centuryGermanmissionaryinthePhilippines.Thespeciesnamesinensismeans“fromChina,”andoleiferameans“producesoil.”97CultivatedinChinaforover3,000years,oilisobtainedfromthesetwowoody,evergreenshrubs.Bothhaveserrated,darkgreenleaves,andflowersthatcanbewhiteorreddishwithfivetotenpetals.Theroundfruitbearstwotofivetriangularseeds.CamelliaseedoilhasbeenusedinChinesemedicineforcenturiesandwasafavoredbeautyoilofthegeishas.Inadditiontooilfromtheseeds,camellialeavesareusedtoproduce
green,white,andblacktea.
AbouttheOilOilisproducedfromtheseedsandissometimescalledteaoil.Scent: herbaceous, slightly sweetColor: pale to golden yellowApproximate
Shelf Life: 1–2 years Plant Part: As Above and So Below/Seeds MagicalSupportAbundanceandbeautyarethehallmarksofcamellia.Employthisoil toattractlove,comfort,andprosperity.Itisinstrumentalinopeningawarenessformatterspertaining to all levels of the self, especially spirituality. Use it for elementmagic and when striving to make your wishes come true. This oil boosts
confidence and provides protection. As a healer, camellia encourages balanceand supports fertility. Camellia is also associated with beginnings, changes,cycles,money,andwealth.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:Moon,VenusElements:fire,waterCranberryBotanicalName:VacciniummacrocarponFamily:EricaceaeAlsoKnownAs:craneberry,goldsmith’sberryThecranberryrepresentedabundancetotheDelawareIndiansofNewJersey,andtomanyothertribesitwasasymbolofpeaceandfriendship.Onthepracticalside,theberrieswereusedforfoodand
medicineandthejuicetodyecloth.Likestrawberries,cranberriesgrowonvinesthattrailalongtheground.NativetothenortheasternUnitedStatesandsouthern
Canada,thecranberryplanthassmall,ovalleavesanduprightshootsthatproducewhitetopinkflowersandfruit.ThenamecraneberryissaidtohavecomefromearlyEuropeansettlers,whothoughtthecranberryflowerresembledthehead,neck,andbeakofacrane.Othersourcesreportthatitwassonamed
becauseitwasafavoritefoodofcranes.Cranberrywasalsoknownasgoldsmith’sberry,becauseitsaciditymadeiteffectiveforcleaningsilverware.AftercommercialcultivationofcranberriesbeganonCapeCodintheearlynineteenthcentury,theybecamestandardcargoonAmericanwhalingshipsto
helppreventscurvy.
AbouttheOilOilisobtainedfromtheseeds.Scent: fruity, slightly bitterColor: golden Approximate Shelf Life: 2 years
Plant Part: As Above and So Below/Seeds Magical Support The humblecranberry is an ally for determination, defense, and protection. It supportsbinding spells and element magic. Also use cranberry in spells that inviteabundance, comfort, and peace into your life. Its powers of purification areinstrumentalforhealingaswellasconsecratingritualspaceandobjects.Thisoilfosters inspiration and friendship. Cranberry is also associated with balance,beginnings,changes,andcycles.
Correspondences Zodiac: Mars Elements: fire, water EveningPrimrose
BotanicalName:OenotherabiennisFamily:OnagraceaeAlsoKnownAs:eveningstar,king’scureall,nightlight,nightwillowherb,scabishThisprairiewildflowerfromNorthAmericahasarosetteoflargebasalleavesandanerectstemthatcanreachthreetofivefeettall.Thespeciesnamemeansthatittakestwogrowingseasonstocomeintobloomandfruit.Bloomingonlyatnight,itsfragrant,yellowflowersgivewaytoclustersofoblongseedcapsules.Althoughnotatrueprimrose,itwassonamedbecauseofitsresemblancetothesmallerplantthatgrowsinBritain.Thecommonnamenightlightcomesfromtheslightphosphorescenceoftheblossomsthatemitafaintlightthatisvisibleondarknights.NativeAmericansusedtherootsforamedicinalteaandvariousotherpartsoftheplantforotherremedies.Forhuntingsuccess,theyrubbedtheplantontheirfeettomasktheirhumansmell.Englishsettlersusedthelemon-scentedleavesasaculinaryherbformorethanacenturybeforemedicinalusebeganin
the1700s.
AbouttheOilOilisextractedfromtheseeds.Scent: sweet, slightly nuttyColor: pale to golden yellowApproximate Shelf
Life:6monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportThis plant’s name bespeaks its powers for nightmagic. Additionally, eveningprimrose is instrumental for banishing spells and the protection of children. Itbringshopeandbuildssecuritythroughloveandwell-being.Whileitishelpfulin finding truth, it also encourages us to question it. As a healer, eveningprimroseprovidesbalanceduringtimesofchangeornewbeginnings.Itisalsoassociatedwithbeauty,cycles,andsuccessfulhunting.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:VenusElement:fireFlaxBotanicalName:LinumusitaatussimunFamily:LinaceaeAlsoKnownAs:
commonflax,linseed,lintbellsDefiningatypeofcloth,thewordlinencomesfromthisplant’sgenusname.Flaxisatall,uprightplantwithlance-shaped
leavesandpaleblue,five-petaledflowers.ItisnativetotheeasternMediterraneanandpartsofIndia.Containedinroundcapsules,theseedsarereddish-brown,small,andflat.FlaxwascultivatedinSyriaasearlyas6250to
5950BCE,butarchaeologicalevidenceshowsthatitwasusedevenearlier.TheEgyptianscultivatedittomakelampwicksforlightingbutmoreimportantly
clothforclothingandmummywrappings.Flaxhasbeencloselyassociatedwithspinning,andspinninghasbeenconsideredamagicalart.Transformingplantfibersintothreadandthenintocloth(theconversionofrawmaterialintousefulobjects)wasthedomainofwomen,whotookcareofthespinning,cooking,andalltransformingprocessesthatbroughtorderandthebasicnecessitiesofcomforttothefamily.Itisnosurprisethatthediviningfategoddesseswereassociated
withspinningbecauseitisaprocessthatcanmesmerizeandproduceatrancelikestate.
AbouttheOilOilisproducedfromtheflaxseeds.Scent:reminiscentofmeltedbutterColor:paletogoldenyellowApproximate
ShelfLife:6monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportThisplant’sconnectionwithspinningmakesitidealfordivinationandpsychicwork. It brings strength to angel andmoonmagic, and aids in transformation.Flaxishelpfulinissuesrelatingtosexuality.Useitinspellsthatbindorcharmsto attract abundance, money, and prosperity. In addition, this oil promotesawareness and healing. Flax can be a powerhouse for strength and protection,andis instrumental inkeepingsecrets.Useit to invitebeautyandcomfort intoyour life as well as kindness. Its link with spinning also associates it withbalance,beginnings,changes,cycles,andrenewal.
CorrespondencesSolar System: Mercury Element: fire Celebrations: Samhain, Walpurgis
Goddesses:Athena,Bertha,Brigid,theFates,Freya,Frigg,Holle,Minerva,theNornsGrapeBotanicalName:VitisviniferaFamily:VitaceaeTheEgyptianswroteaboutthe“twofaces”ofwine,sayingthatithadthe“potentialforjoyordisaster.”98
Hippocrates’sfourth-centuryBCErecommendationofitsimportanceforgoodhealthwaslaterechoedbyGalenofPergamum(c.131–201CE)andbasedon
thefactthatwinewasoftensafertodrinkthanwater.Winewasalsousedtotreatwoundsbecauseofitspowerfulantisepticproperties.Accordingtolegend,
Dionysus,theGreekgodofwineandvineyards,favoredgrapesasachildbecausetheywererefreshing.Liber,aRomangodwhopresidedovervegetation,waslateridentifiedwithDionysusandworshippedasBacchus,anamethat
comesfrombacca,meaning“berry.”Liber/Bacchusbecamethepersonificationoftheblessingsofnature,whichwaslaterextendedtorepresenttheblessingsofautumn.99Grapevineshavethick,woodybasesandclimbwiththeaidoftendrils.Theirjaggedleavesarelargeanddeeplylobed,andtheirfamiliarfruitgrowin
invertedpyramidalclusters.GrapesarenativetoAsiaMinor.
AbouttheOilOil isproduced from the seedsofvarious typesofwine-makinggrapesand isusuallyonlyavailableasarefinedoil.Itismostoftencalledgrapeseedoil.Scent:faint,nuttyColor:colorless topalegreenApproximateShelfLife:6 to
12monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportTheverysymbolofabundanceandprosperity,grapeseedoilisalsocloselytiedtosexandfertility.Inaddition,ithasstrongpowersofconsecrationandhealing.Use this oil to encourage clarity of mind for divination as well as creativeprojects.Supportinggrowthandinspiration,itincreasespersonalpowerforself-transformation. Grapeseed oil encourages cycles of change while maintainingbalance. This oil fosters kindness and happiness. It is also associated withbeginningsandmoney.
CorrespondencesSolar System: Moon Celebration: Mabon Elements: fire, water Goddess:
HathorGods:Bacchus/Liber,Dionysus,Mabon,Saturn,ThorHazelnutBotanicalName:CorylusavellanaFamily:BetulaceaeAlsoKnownAs:cobnut,EnglishhazelHazelnutsarenativetoEurope;theirgenusnamecomesfromtheGreekkorys,meaning“hood,”referringtotheshapeofthehuskthatcoversthenut.Likewisethenamehazel,fromtheAngloSaxonhaesel,meaning“bonnet,”alsoreferstothehusk.100Small,roundnutsarecalledcobs,andthelargeronesaremistakenlycalledfilberts(Corylusmaxima).Youngcatkin-bearingbranchesoftheseshrubbytreeswerecommonlycalledwands,andaccordingtolegend,Mercury’swingedwandwassaidtohavebeenmadeofhazel.HazelnutswereassociatedwiththemysticritesofbothMercuryandApollo.Usedfordivination
onSamhaininEngland,hazelnutswerealsofeaturedinCelticmythologyandcloselyassociatedwithsalmonandwater.Althoughthedetailsoflegendsdiffer,thehazelnutwasconsideredarepositoryofwisdom.Wheneatenbysalmon,
hazelnutswouldimpartknowledgeofallthingsandthegiftofsecondsight.He(orthey—sometimestherewerefive)becameknownasthesalmonof
knowledge,inspiration,andwisdom.Thesepropertieswerepassedalongtopeoplewhoatethesalmon.
AbouttheOilHazelnutoilisobtainedfromthekernel.Scent: faint, nuttyColor: pale to golden yellowApproximate Shelf Life: 12
monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportFamiliartomanyPagansforSamhaindivination,hazelnutisapowerfulaidforcontacting the Otherworld during this sabbat. As a symbol of knowledge,wisdom,andcycles,hazelnutisinstrumentalindevelopingthemindaswellasintuition. Use it in all forms of magic and when practicing the art ofclairvoyance.Itiseffectiveinspellsforattainingluck,beauty,anddesires.Thisoil provides protection, especially when dealing with problems, and can beemployedformanytypesofdefense.Useittobuildsecuritythroughabundance,andstrengththroughhealing.Hazelnutprovidesinspirationforcreativeprojects,initiating changes, and all forms of communication. It is also associated withbalance,beginnings,fertility,longevity,andmarriage.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Gemini,Leo,Libra,VirgoSolarSystem:Mercury,SunElements:air,
fire,waterCelebration:MabonGods:Apollo,Manannan,Mercury,Ogma,ThorGoddesses:Aphrodite,Arianrhod,Artemis,Boann,Danu,Diana,VenusJojobaBotanicalName:SimmondsiachinensisFamily:SimmondsiaceaeAlsoKnownAs:coffeebush,deernut,goatnut,pignut,wildhazelJojobaisamulti-trunkedevergreenshrubthatthrivesinitsnativedesertsofCalifornia,whereitcanlivemorethan100years.Jojoba’sovalleavesaregray-green,anditsfruitcapsules
containonetothreenuts.Thespecieswaserroneouslynamedchinensis(designatingthatitcamefromChina)whenabotanist’sspecimenswereshippedtoEnglandandmixedupwithplantshehadcollectedinAsia.Itscommonname
comesfromHohowi,aNativeAmericannamefortheplant.101Mainlyusedforfood,theCoahuilatribemadeadrinkfromjojobanuts,whichEuropeansettlersadaptedasasubstituteforcoffee.Therewaslittlecommercialinterestinthe
plantuntilinthe1930s,whentheoilwasdiscoveredtoactuallybealiquidwaxthatcouldbesubstitutedforwhaleoilwithalotlessprocessing.
AbouttheOilAsmentioned,jojobaisactuallyaliquidwaxthatisextractedfromthebean.Itisparticularlygoodforuseontheskinasitissimilartothebody’snaturaloil.Jojobaoilishighlystableandhasalongshelflife.Scent:softnutty,slightlysweetColor:goldentobrownishyellowApproximate
ShelfLife:IndefinitePlantPart:AsAbove/FruitMagicalSupportJojoba is a bringer of beauty, comfort, andhealing.Use it to get relationshipsback on track or for any aspect of life that needs stimulation. Its powers ofpurification are instrumental for renewal as well as breaking hexes. Buildingstrength and determination, jojoba aids in success of purpose.Use this oil forspells to increase abundance and money. Jojoba helps to ground and balanceenergyafterritual.Itisalsoassociatedwithcyclesandlongevity.
CorrespondencesSolarSystem:JupiterElement:waterGod:AdonisOliveBotanicalName:OleaeuropaeaFamily:OleaceaeThisslow-growingevergreentreewasthefruittreeofclassicalancientcivilizations.Itcanliveandbearfruitformorethan1000years,withsomesourcesindicatingupto2,000years.
OriginatingintheeasternMediterraneanregion,itsgenusnamecomesfromtheGreekelaiaanditscommonnamefromtheLatinoliva.102ToancientEgyptians,olivessymbolizedregenerationandimmortalitybecauseifatreeburneddown,therootsoftensurvivedandsproutednewgrowth.Withthisinmind,crownsof
olivebrancheswereplacedwithinmummycasesasaidsfortheafterlife.Accordingtolegend,AthenaplantedthefirstoliveontheAcropolisinAthens,wherethistreecametobeassociatedwithpeace,security,andwisdom.InSpain,
oliveoilwasusedtomakethehigh-qualityCastilesoap,whichbecamethemust-haveluxuryitemoftheeighthcentury.TheCaliforniamissionoliveswere
sonamedbecausetheywerefirstgrownintheUnitedStatesbytheSpanishpadresattheirmissions.
AbouttheOilOil isextracted fromthe fruit.Because theoil is fairly thick, it isoftenmixedwithalighterone.Scent: faintolive smellColor:greenishApproximateShelfLife: 1 to 2 years
PlantPart:AsAbove/FruitMagicalSupportAsymbolofpeace,hope,andprosperity,oliveoil’srealpowersencompassallthings sexual: from energy, attraction, andmagic to lust, love, and passion. Itcoversfertility,fidelity,andmarriage,too.Oliveisalsoanoilofthehomeandhealing that enhances vitality and longevity. Use it to manifest success,protection, and well-being for the family. Its connection with spirituality andpowersofpurificationmakeit ideal forconsecratinganythingused inritualormagic.Additionally,itaidsincontactingthespiritrealm.Useoliveinspellstoincreaseabundance,luck,andmoney.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwiththemind,renewal,security,andwealth.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Aquarius, Aries, Leo Solar System: Jupiter, Mercury, Moon, Sun
Element: water Goddesses: Amaterasu, Athena, Fides, Flora, Minerva, PeleGods:Amun,Apollo,Brahma,Horus,Indra,Jupiter,Poseidon,Ra,ZeusPecanBotanicalName:CaryapecanFamily:JuglandaceaeCousintohickoryand
walnut,thepecanisalong-livedtreewithabroad,roundedcrown.Ithaslance-shapedleavesandgreenishflowers/catkins.Itsgenusnamecomesfromthe
Greekkarya,meaning“nut-bearingtree.”ThenamepecancomesfromNativeAmericanpacane,meaning“ahardnutthatneedsastonetocrack.”103NativetotheMississippiRiverValleyinNorthAmerica,pecanshavebeenfoundwithgravegoodsthatdateto8900BCE.Thesenutswereamajorfoodsource,
medicine,andtradeitemforNativeAmericans.Archaeologicalevidenceshowsthatsometribesevencultivatedthetrees.Inaddition,thecreamlikeliquidfromthenutkernelwasusedtomakeanintoxicatingdrinkcalledPowcohicora.104
AbouttheOil
Oilisextractedfromthenut.Itissomewhatmoreoilythanmostandworksbestwhenmixedwithanothercarrier.Scent: slightly nuttyColor: almost clearApproximate Shelf Life: 12 months
PlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportPecanbringsabundance,comfort,andbalancetooilblends.Useitwhenseekingfinancial security, especially for protecting employment. Also use it to drawmoney and prosperity into your life. Pecan supports elementmagic and helpsmakewishes come true. This oil is also associated with changes, cycles, andlongevity.
CorrespondencesZodiac:Gemini,VirgoSolarSystem:MercuryElements:air,firePomegranateBotanicalName:Punicagranatumsyn.MalumpunicumFamily:Lythraceae;formerlyithaditsownfamily,PunicaceaeOriginatingintheMiddleEast,thepomegranateisashrubbytreethatcanliveupto200years.Itsnarrowleavesareusuallylightgreenbutsometimesreddish.Thefruitandflowers,whichrange
fromwhitetored,growonshortspursneartheendsofbranches.Whilepomegranate’soutdatedbotanicalnameofMalumpunicummeans“appleof
Carthage,”itspresentgenusnamecomesfromPoeni,thenameofthePhoenicianancestorsofCarthage.Granatummeans“manyseeds.”105Witha
widerangeofapplications,pomegranateswereusedforcosmeticsandmedicines;thejuicewasfermentedintoawine;theflowerswereusedtodyehairredandtherindstodyeleatherayellowishcolor.SomescholarsbelieveitcouldhavebeenthetreeofknowledgeintheGardenofEdenratherthantheapple,whichwasunknowninthatregionatthattime.106TotheGreeks,
pomegranatessymbolizedeternalfruitfulnessaswellasthemysteriesofdeathandrebirth.MythstoldoftheirgrowingintheUnderworldandthattheywerethefoodofthedead.HadesusedthemtotrickPersephonebecausehaving
partakenoffoodintheUnderworld,shewasboundtothatrealm.
AbouttheOilOilisproducedfromtheseedsofthepomegranate.Scent:fairlyodorlessColor:yellowApproximateShelfLife:12monthsPlant
Part:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupport
AstrongchoiceforSamhain,pomegranateiseffectiveanytimeforhonoringthedeador connectingwith theOtherworld.Pomegranate serves as a reminderofthe cyclesof change andnewbeginningsprevalent atSamhain.Thisoil helpswhendealingwiththelossofalovedoneandprovidessupportforthehomeandfamilyingeneral.Useitforclarityindivinationaswellasanointingothersandconsecratingaltars.Thisoilalsohelpstogroundenergyandcomeintobalanceafter ritual. Pomegranate is a symbol of hope and boundless love that quietlybringsdesirestolife.Useitinspellstoincreaseluck,prosperity,andsecurityaswell as provide protection. Pomegranate is also associated with creativity,fertility,money,andwealth.
CorrespondencesZodiac: Gemini, Scorpio, Virgo Solar System: Mercury Celebration:
SamhainElements: earth, fireGoddesses: Aphrodite, Astarte, Ceres, Demeter,Hera,Persephone,SekhmetGods:Attis,Hades,PlutoRosehipBotanicalName:Rosarubiginosa;inSouthAmerica:R.mosquetaFamily:RosaceaeAlsoKnownAs:English:sweetbrier;Spanish:rosadelcampoThisthicklybranchingshrubreachesthreetoninefeetinheightandproducesmorefruitthananyotherrose.Pinkflowersgrowsinglyoringroupsofthreetofive,
andtheberry-likerosehipsareorange-scarlet.InsomepartsofFrance,itwascalledrosedudiableandrosesorcière(roseofthedevilorsorcerer)becauseitsthornspointdowntowardtheUnderworld.107NativetoEuropeandwesternAsia,itbecamenaturalizedinSouthAmericaafterbeingintroducedtherebytheSpanish.
Rosehipshavealonghistoryofmedicinaluseandhavebeenfoundatprehistoricsites,wheretheymayhavebeenusedasfoodand/ormedicine.SincethetimeofancientRome,theyhavebeenpopularthroughoutEurope.ThesweetbrierwasmadeimmortalbyShakespeareasoneofthethreetypesofrosesinTitania’sbower(AMidsummerNight’sDream)aswellastherosethatgrewfromthe
graveofTristan(TristanandIsolde).InSiberia,rosetwigswereplacedwithcutlogstopreventevilfromenteringthestructurethatwouldeventuallybebuilt
withthetimber.
AbouttheOil
Oil isobtainedfromtheseeds.Because it isexpensive, it isoftenuseddilutedwithanothercarrier.Scent:faintlyearthyColor:pinktingetoreddishApproximateShelfLife:6-12
months Plant Part: As Above and So Below/Seeds Magical Support Eventhoughthisoildoesnotcomefromtheroseflower,itstillcarriesthepowersoflove, attraction, and fidelity. Rosehip oil is also instrumental for divination,clairvoyance,dreamwork,andpsychicwork. Itengendersconfidence,courage,andtrust,andaidsinbuildinginnerpowerformagic.Thisoilissupportivewhendealingwithsorrowwhenalovedonediesaswellasgeneralproblems.Useittobreakhexesandinbanishingspellsaswellastoreleaseanythingunwantedfromyourlife.Alsouseittoattractluckorprovideprotection.Rosehipraisesspiritualenergy, bringing peace, wisdom, and inspiration, as well as blessings. Thehealingenergyofrosehipisespeciallyhelpfulforfertility,strengtheningfamilyties, and engendering happiness. It is also associatedwith balance, beginning,changes,creativity,cycles,andknowledge.
Correspondences Zodiac: Cancer, Libra, Sagittarius, Taurus SolarSystem: Venus Elements: fire, water Celebrations: Mabon, Ostara,RosaliaGoddesses:Aphrodite,Demeter,Flora,Freya,Hathor,Holle,Isis,VenusGods:
Adonis,Cupid,ErosSesameBotanicalName:SesamumindicumFamily:PedaliaceaeAlsoKnownAs:benne,sum-sumSesameisforeverlinkedwithAliBaba’smagicalphraseopensesame,whichmayhavecomefromthewaytheseedpodssuddenlyspringopenwitha
poppingsound.108Podsholding50to100flat,ovalseedsforminsidethetrumpet-shapedflowersastheyfade.Sesame’sspeciesnamemeans“from
India,”wheretheplantisbelievedtohavebeendomesticated.CakesofsesameandhoneycalledmelloiwereofferingstotheGoddessattheThesmophoria,awomen’sautumnfestivalinSicily.Sesamecakeswerealsousedinthefestival
ofElapheboliatohonorArtemis.109
In addition to a temple offering, sesame and honey cakeswere a symbol offertilityandincludedinGreekandRomanweddingmeals.
AbouttheOil
Theoilisobtainedfromtheseeds.Itisalsoknownasgingellyoilandteeloil.Scent:sweet,nutty,maybestrongColor:goldentodarkyellowApproximate
Shelf Life: 6–12 monthsPlant Part: As Above and So Below/SeedsMagicalSupportSesame’spowersofpurificationcanbeemployed toconsecratemagicspace, to banish negativity, or to release a lover. It is also instrumental fordefense and helpful when dealing with negative spirits. This oil providesprotection inmagicwork, luckwhen seeking justice, and truthwhen keepingsecrets.Useitinspellstoincreasemoneyandprosperityaswellastostimulatechange. Sesame is also effective in matters of sex and passion, fertility andvitality.Itisalsoassociatedwithbalance,beginnings,andcycles.
Correspondences Solar System: Sun Element: fire Celebration:Imbolc,MabonGoddess:ArtemisGod:GaneshSunflowerBotanicalName:HelianthusannuusFamily:AsteraceaeWithagenusnamethathonorstheGreeksungodHelios,thelarge,yellow-rayedflowerheadstrackthesun’sdailyjourneyacrossthesky.Sunflowersaretall(almosteightfeet),erectannualswiththick,branchedstemsandcoarse,heart-shapedleavescoveredinroughhair.IndigenoustotheNorthAmericanprairies,allpartsoftheplantwere
usedbyNativeAmericansforawiderangeofmedicinalremedies.Thesunflowerwasconsideredaceremonialmedicineplant,especiallyforwardances.Cakesmadefromtheseedsweretakenalongbywarpartiestohelpsustainthem.Sunflowerswerealsousedforeverydayfood,dyes,and
adornment.BythetimetheEuropeansettlersarrived,sunflowersweregrownascropsbysettledtribesthroughoutalargepartofNorthAmerica.
AbouttheOilOilisobtainedfromtheseeds.Scent: faintnuttyColor:pale togoldenyellowApproximateShelfLife: 6–12
monthsPlantPart:AsAboveandSoBelow/SeedsMagicalSupportSunflowerbringssolarenergyandstrength tooilblends focusedonspiritualityandwell-being. It adds clarity to dreamwork as well as problem solving. Use it forprotection and for releasing things that are unwanted in your life. This oil iseffective in spells for attracting happiness, money, and luck, as well as anymagic work relating to cycles and change. Sunflower is instrumental when
seeking self-knowledge that brings peace and balance. It is also helpfulwhendealingwithsorrow.Thisoilisalsoassociatedwithbeginnings,desires,fertility,andwisdom.
Correspondences Zodiac: Leo Solar System: Sun Element: fireCelebration:LughnasadhGoddesses:Demeter,ModronGods:Apollo,Helios[contents]
93.Rosengarten,TheBookofEdibleNuts,4.94.Green,FieldGuidetoProduce,6.95.PaullandDuarte,TropicalFruit,153.96.Fernie,HerbalSimples,48.97.JohnsonandFoster,NationalGeographicDeskReferencetoNature’sMedicine,217.98.McGovern,TheOriginsandAncientHistoryofWine,14.99.Berens,TheMythsandLegendsofAncientGreeceandRome,124.100.Rosengarten,TheBookofEdibleNuts,95.101.Nugent,PermaculturePlants,45.102.Dalby,FoodintheAncientWorld,238.103.Rieger,IntroductiontoFruitCrops,337.104.Murray,EncyclopediaofHealingFoods,441.105.Clay,TropicalShrubs,126.106.Duke,Duke’sHandbookofMedicinalPlantsoftheBible,362.107.Watts,DictionaryofPlantLore,105.108.Armstrong,WildlifeandPlants,972.109.Ransome,TheSacredBeeinAncientTimesandFolklore,132.
AppendixA
Cross-ReferencebyMagicalIntent
MagicalIntentAbundance(toattract,perpetuate)EssentialOils:allspice(berryoil),bergamot,birch,chamomile,grapefruit,helichrysum,juniper,lemon,lime,litsea,mandarin,myrrh,myrtle,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,pepper,pine,staranise,tagetes,tarragon,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,avocado,camellia,cranberry,flax,grape,hazelnut,jojoba,olive,pecanAnimals(tocarefor,workwith,hunt)EssentialOils:catnip,mugwort,sage(common,Spanish),spikenardCarrierOil:eveningprimrose(successfulhunting)HuntCarrierOil:eveningprimrose(successful)
AstralRealm(toexplore,workwith)EssentialOils:amyris,benzoin,cassia,celery,cinnamon,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,jasmine,mugwort,parsley,sandalwoodAttractionEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,basil,cananga,cassia,catnip,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,clove,frankincense,geranium,helichrysum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,neroli,oregano,patchouli,rose,rosemary,spearmint,spikenard,tagetes,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:avocado,camellia,olive,rosehip
AwarenessEssentialOils:anise,bay,bergamot,birch,cassia,catnip,cinnamon,clove,cypress,fir,frankincense,galangal,helichrysum,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemon,mugwort,myrrh,neroli,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,rosemary,sandalwood,spearmint,staranise,thyme,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,borage,camellia,flax
BalanceEssentialOils:amyris,angelica(seedoil),anise,basil,bay,cajeput,camphor,cananga,caraway,cardamom,carrot,cassia(barkoil),cedarwood,celery,cinnamon(barkoil),clarysage,coriander,cumin,cypress,dill(seedoil),elemi,eucalyptus(lemon),fennel(sweet),fir(silver),frankincense,hops,lavender,lavandin,marjoram,myrrh,niaouli,nutmeg,opopanax,oregano,parsley,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,spikenard,spruce,teatree,vetiver,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,jojoba,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerBanishEssentialOils:angelica,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,camphor,cedarwood,clove,cumin,cypress,eucalyptus,frankincense,galangal,juniper,mugwort,myrrh,opopanax,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,staranise,yarrowCarrierOils:eveningprimrose,rosehip,sesame
BeautyEssentialOils:angelica,basil,cananga,catnip,chamomile,clarysage,clove(budoil),geranium,ginger,helichrysum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,marjoram,mugwort,neroli,nutmeg,oregano,peppermint,rose,rosemary,spearmint,tagetes,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,avocado,borage,camellia,eveningprimrose,flax,hazelnut,jojobaBeginningsEssentialOils:angelica(seedoil),anise,birch,caraway,cardamom,carrot,celery,clove(budoil),coriander,cumin,dill(seedoil),fennel(sweet),fir,geranium,juniper,mugwort,nutmeg,parsley,pine,rose,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerBind(withanoathorpledge)EssentialOils:angelica,clove,cypress,frankincense(breakbonds),hops,jasmine,pepper,pine,rose,rosemaryCarrierOils:apricot,cranberry,flax
Bless/ConsecrateEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,coriander,cypress,fennel,frankincense,galangal,galbanum,geranium,helichrysum,hyssop,jasmine,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lime,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,opopanax,palmarosa,patchouli,pepper,pine,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,spikenard,staranise,tagetes,thyme,valerian,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,cranberry,grape,olive,pomegranate,rosehip,sesameChanges(tocopewith,initiate,support)EssentialOils:angelica(seedoil),anise,basil,cananga,caraway,cardamom,carrot,catnip,celery,clarysage,coriander,cumin,cypress,dill(seedoil),fennel(sweet),fir(silver),hyssop,lemonbalm,marjoram,myrrh,nutmeg,opopanax,oregano,parsley,patchouli,peppermint,sage,spearmint,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerClairaudienceEssentialOil:grapefruit
ClairvoyanceEssentialOils:anise,basil,bay,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,coriander,frankincense,lavender,lavandin,lemongrass,mugwort,nutmeg,oakmoss,patchouli,rose,sage,sandalwood,staranise,tagetes,thyme,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,borage,hazelnut,rosehip
ClarityEssentialOils:basil,bay,birch,camphor,cardamom,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,clarysage,cypress,elemi,frankincense,helichrysum,hyssop,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lemonbalm,lemongrass,mandarin,nutmeg,orange,oregano,palmarosa,peppermint,petitgrain,rosemary,sandalwood,spearmint,spruceCarrierOils:grape,pomegranate,sunflower
Comfort(toseek,give)EssentialOils:basil,benzoin,cedarwood,clove,cypress,fir,frankincense,galangal,geranium,lemonbalm,marjoram,myrrh,opopanax,oregano,rose,rosemary,sage,savory,spruce,tagetes,tarragonCarrierOils:avocado,camellia,cranberry,flax,jojoba,pecanCommunicationEssentialOils:allspice,cedarwood,chamomile,citronella,fennel,fir,geranium,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,myrtle,rosemary,spikenard,tagetes,valerianCarrierOils:almond,hazelnut
Concentration/FocusEssentialOils:basil,bay,benzoin,bergamot,birch,camphor,cardamom,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,cypress,elemi,frankincense,geranium,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lemongrass,marjoram,myrrh,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,oregano,palmarosa,parsley,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,savory,spearmint,spikenardConfidenceEssentialOils:basil,bergamot,caraway,cardamom,cedarwood,geranium,grapefruit,jasmine,lemon,lime,mandarin,neroli,orange,petitgrain,pine,rose,rosemary,storax,tarragon,teatree,thyme,turmeric,yarrowCarrierOils:camellia,rosehip
ControlEssentialOils:benzoin,bergamot,cedarwood,chamomile,elemi,fir(balsam),frankincense,galbanum,geranium,labdanum,myrrh,opopanax,storaxCourageEssentialOils:allspice,basil,bay,bergamot,cajeput,cardamom,catnip,cedarwood,clove,fennel,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,lavender,lavandin,palmarosa,pepper,pine,rose,rosemary,thyme,turmeric,yarrowCarrierOils:borage,rosehip
CreativityEssentialOils:amyris,bay,birch,cajeput,cananga,cardamom,cassia,celery,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,clove,dill(seedoil),fennel(sweet),fir,geranium,helichrysum,hyssop,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,myrtle,neroli,nutmeg,orange,patchouli,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,savory,spikenard,storax,teatree,valerian,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,grape,hazelnut,pomegranate,rosehipCyclesEssentialOils:amyris,angelica,anise,camphor,caraway,cardamom,carrot,celery,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel,fir(silver),galbanum,lovage,myrtle,nutmeg,parsley,pine,rosemary,valerianCarrierOils:almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,jojoba,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerTheDead/AfterlifeEssentialOils:basil,cedarwood,cypress,fir,galbanum,marjoram,myrrh,myrtle,oakmoss,opopanax,oregano,parsley,patchouli,rose,rosemary,tagetes,yarrowCarrierOil:pomegranate,rosehip
DefenseEssentialOils:angelica,basil,bay,birch,cassia,cinnamon,cypress,dill,fir,frankincense,jasminejuniper,mandarin,marjoram,mugwort,patchouli,pepper,pine,rosemary,yarrowCarrierOils:apricot,cranberry,hazelnut,sesameDesires/Wishes(tomanifest)EssentialOils:basil,bay,cardamom,cassia,chamomile,cinnamon,dill,galangal,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,patchouli,pine,rose,sage,sandalwoodCarrierOils:camellia,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranate,sunflowerDeterminationEssentialOils:allspice,bay,birch,cajeput,cananga,cedarwood,chamomile,clove,eucalyptus,hops,myrtle,niaouli,nutmeg,pepper,pine,rosemary,tagetes,teatree,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:apricot,cranberry,jojoba
DivinationEssentialOils:angelica,anise,basil,bay,bergamot,birch,camphor,cananga,cardamom,cassia,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,coriander,cypress,dill,fennel,fir,frankincense,galbanum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lemongrass,lovage,mandarin,mugwort,myrrh,nutmeg,oakmoss,opopanax,orange,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,rose,sage,sandalwood,staranise,storax,tagetes,thyme,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,flax,grape,hazelnut,pomegranate,rosehipDreamworkEssentialOils:amyris,angelica,anise,bay,bergamot,camphor,cananga,caraway,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,cinnamon,clarysage,eucalyptus,frankincense,helichrysum,hops,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,nutmeg,orange,pepper,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,tagetes,tarragon,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:rosehip,sunflower
Emotions(todealwith,support,understand)EssentialOils:anise,basil,benzoin,bergamot,camphor,cananga,cedarwood,chamomile,clove,coriander,cumin,eucalyptus,fir,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,helichrysum,jasmine,juniper,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,litsea,myrrh,myrtle,niaouli,oakmoss,opopanax,orange,oregano,palmarosa,parsley,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,spikenard,spruce,teatree,valerian,vetiver,yarrow,ylang-ylangEnergyEssentialOils:allspice(leafoil),amyris,angelica,anise,basil,bergamot,birch,camphor,caraway,cassia(leafoil),catnip,chamomile,cinnamon(leafoil),citronella,clarysage,clove(leafoil),dill(leafoil),elemi,eucalyptus,fennel,fir,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,hyssop(dragon),juniper,lemon,lemonbalm,lemongrass,lime,litsea,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,palmarosa,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,staranise,storax,tagetes,tarragon(dragon),thyme,turmeric,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:apricot,olive,rosehip,sunflower
FertilityEssentialOils:anise,basil,birch,cananga,caraway,carrot,catnip,cedarwood,chamomile,clarysage,clove(budoil),coriander,fennel,geranium,helichrysum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,marjoram,mugwort,myrtle,neroli,orange,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,spearmint,tagetes,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,avocado,camellia,grape,hazelnut,olive,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerFidelityEssentialOils:basil,caraway,cedarwood,celery,coriander,cumin,lavender,lavandin,lemongrass,lime,myrtle,nutmeg,orange,rose,rosemary,spikenard,tagetes,yarrowCarrierOils:olive,rosehip
Friends/FriendshipEssentialOils:allspice,basil,catnip,cedarwood,citronella,clove,geranium,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lime,pine,rose,rosemary,yarrowCarrierOil:cranberry
Ground/CenterEssentialOils:angelica(rootoil),celery,chamomile,citronella,cypress,elemi,fir,galangal,ginger,helichrysum,hops,juniper,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemongrass,litsea,lovage,myrrh,oakmoss,opopanax,palmarosa,patchouli,pine,sage,sandalwood,snakeroot,spikenard,spruce,turmeric,valerian,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:jojoba,pomegranate
GrowthEssentialOils:allspice(leafoil),amyris,angelica,anise,basil,bay,birch,cajeput,camphor,cassia(leafoil),cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon(leafoil),citronella,clarysage,clove(leafoil),cypress,dill(leafoil),eucalyptus(lemon),fir,frankincense,geranium,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lemonbalm,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,opopanax,palmarosa,patchouli,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,sandalwood,spearmint,spruce,tagetes,tarragon,teatree,thyme,yarrowCarrierOil:grape
HappinessEssentialOils:anise,basil,bergamot,catnip,clove,cypress,fir,frankincense,geranium,jasmine,juniper,lemon,lemonbalm,litsea,mandarin,marjoram,mugwort,neroli,orange,oregano,patchouli,rose,sandalwood,savory,staranise,tagetes,thyme,valerian,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,avocado,borage,grape,rosehip,sunflowerHealingEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,cajeput,camphor,cananga,cardamom,carrot,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,coriander,cypress,elemi,eucalyptus,fennel,fir(balsamresinoil),frankincense,galangal,galbanum,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,helichrysum,hops,jasmine,juniper,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lime,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,niaouli,opopanax,oregano,palmarosa,pepper,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,savory,spearmint,spikenard,spruce,storax,tagetes,teatree,thyme,turmeric,valerian,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:avocado,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,jojoba,olive,rosehipHexes(tosetorbreak)EssentialOils:basil,benzoin,bergamot,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,citronella,clove,dill,fir,geranium,ginger,hyssop,myrrh,oakmoss,opopanax,oregano,patchouli,pepper,rose,sandalwood,snakeroot,storax,teatree,turmeric,valerian,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:jojoba,rosehip
Hexes(toprotectfrom)EssentialOils:angelica,bay,galangal,juniper,marjoram,nutmeg,pine,rosemaryHome/Family
EssentialOils:anise,basil,bay,benzoin,camphor,cananga,catnip,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel,lavender,lavandin,marjoram,mugwort,myrtle,neroli,oregano,patchouli,pine,rose,spearmint,storax,thyme,valerian,vetiver,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:olive,pomegranate,rosehip
HopeEssentialOils:fir,hyssop,litsea,niaouli,pine,spruceCarrierOils:almond,eveningprimrose,olive,pomegranateIncreaseEssentialOils:allspice(berryoil),bergamot,camphor,cassia,cinnamon,cumin,galangal,grapefruit,juniper,lemon,lime,litsea,mandarin,nutmeg,orange,pepper,rosemary,staranise,thymeCarrierOils:avocado,grape,jojoba,olive,sesameInspirationEssentialOils:angelica,bay,benzoin,birch,cassia,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,cypress,fir,frankincense,ginger,grapefruit,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,mandarin,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,spruce,teatreeCarrierOils:cranberry,grape,hazelnut,rosehip
IntuitionEssentialOils:bay,birch,cananga,chamomile,clarysage,jasmine,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemongrass,pine,rosemary,spruce,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOil:hazelnut
JusticeEssentialOils:bay,bergamot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,cypress,dill,frankincense,galangal,jasmine,lovage,nutmeg,patchouli,pepper,pine,sandalwood,tagetes,tarragonCarrierOil:sesame
KindnessEssentialOils:allspice,bergamot,grapefruit,lemon,lime,mandarin,neroli,niaouli,parsley,petitgrain,savory,spikenard,valerianCarrierOil:flax,grape
KnowledgeEssentialOils:angelica,benzoin,birch,cassia,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,clove,cypress,dill,fennel,frankincense,juniper,labdanum,patchouli,pine,rosemary,sage,tarragon,valerianCarrierOils:almond,apricot,hazelnut,rosehip,sunflowerLongevityEssentialOils:angelica,bay,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,clove,coriander,cumin,cypress,fennel,fir,frankincense,galangal,ginger,helichrysum,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lovage,myrrh,opopanax,pine,rosemary,sage,snakeroot,spikenard,spruce,tagetes,turmeric,valerian,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,apricot,avocado,hazelnut,jojoba,olive,pecan,pomegranateLoss(todealwith)EssentialOils:anise,caraway,cypress,fennel,labdanum,myrrh,opopanax,roseCarrierOil:pomegranate
LoveEssentialOils:allspice,anise,basil,bergamot,birch,cananga,caraway,cardamom,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clove,coriander,cumin,dill,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lime,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,myrtle,neroli,nutmeg,orange,palmarosa,patchouli,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,spearmint,spikenard,storax,thyme,valerian,vetiver,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,avocado,camellia,eveningprimrose,olive,pomegranate,rosehipLuckEssentialOils:allspice,anise,basil,bergamot,caraway,cassia,catnip,cedarwoood,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,dill,galangal,geranium,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,oakmoss,patchouli,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,snakeroot,spearmint,spikenard,staranise,storax,thyme,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,hazelnut,olive,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerLustEssentialOils:cardamom,carrot,cinnamon,clove,cumin,dill,galangal,ginger,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemongrass,parsley,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,rosemaryCarrierOil:olive
MagicEssentialOils:benzoin,clove,frankincense,galangal,helichrysum,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,mandarin,mugwort,nutmeg,oakmoss,patchouliCarrierOils:almond,borage,flax,hazelnut,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerAngelMagicEssentialOils:angelica,basil,myrrh,opopanax,sandalwood,tagetesCarrierOil:borage,flax
AnimalMagicEssentialOils:catnip,myrrh,opopanax,yarrowBlackMagicEssentialOils:dill,juniper,marjoram,oreganoDefensiveMagicEssentialOils:basil,bay,cassia,cinnamon,citronella,cypress,dill,jasmine,juniper,marjoram,oregano,patchouli,pepper,pine,rosemary,sandalwood,vetiver,yarrowElementMagicEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,basil,camphor,caraway,cardamom,carrot,catnip,cedarwood,citronella,coriander,hops,parsley,sandalwoodCarrierOils:apricot,camellia,cranberry,pecanElfMagicEssentialOils:geranium,lavender,lavandin,palmarosa,rosemaryFairyMagicEssentialOils:cananga,rose,thyme,ylang-ylangMoonMagicEssentialOils:camphor,ginger,jasmine,lemon,sandalwoodCarrierOil:flax
NightMagicEssentialOils:jasmine,neroliCarrierOil:eveningprimrose
SexMagicEssentialOils:caraway,cardamom,carrot,cassia,celery,cinnamon,coriander,dill,ginger,jasmine,lovage,myrrh,opopanax,patchouli,rose,sandalwoodCarrierOils:avocado,olive
ManifestationEssentialOils:allspice(berryoil),angelica,bay,bergamot,chamomile,grapefruit,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lemonbalm,lime,litsea,mandarin,myrrh,oakmoss,opopanax,orange,patchouli,pepper,sandalwood,staraniseCarrierOils:avocado,olive
MarriageEssentialOils:anise,bay,lavender,lavandin,marjoram,myrtle,neroli,rosemary,sandalwood,yarrowCarrierOils:hazelnut,olive
Memory/MemoriesEssentialOils:amyris,basil,bay,camphor,caraway,catnip,clarysage,clove,coriander,cypress,fir,ginger,helichrysum,lemonbalm,marjoram,nutmeg,oregano,parsley,patchouli,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,sage,spearmint,spruceTheMindEssentialOils:amyris,anise,benzoin,birch,cajeput,camphor,caraway,cardamom,cedarwood,celery,citronella,clarysage,clove,dill,fennel,fir,grapefruit,hyssop,lemonbalm,lemongrass,lime,mandarin,niaouli,nutmeg,orange,palmarosa,parsley,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,sandalwood,savory,spearmint,spikenard,storax,tagetes,teatree,valerianCarrierOils:apricot,borage,grape,hazelnut,oliveMoney(toacquire,increase,holdonto)EssentialOils:allspice,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,bergamot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,dill,fennel,fir,galangal,ginger,hyssop,jasmine,lemonbalm,marjoram,myrtle,nutmeg,oakmoss,orange,parsley,patchouli,peppermint,pine,sage,snakeroot,spruce,thyme,valerian,vetiverCarrierOils:almond,borage,camellia,flax,grape,jojoba,olive,pecan,pomegranate,sesame,sunflowerNegativity(toavert,banish,release)EssentialOils:amyris,angelica,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,camphor,carrot,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,citronella,clove,cumin,dill,eucalyptus,frankincense,galangal,hyssop,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lime,lovage,mandarin,marjoram,myrrh,niaouli,opopanax,patchouli,peppermint,pine,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,spikenard,staranise,storax,thyme,yarrowCarrierOil:sesame
TheOtherworld/UnderworldEssentialOils:amyris,angelica(rootoil),anise,cypress,fir,galangal,galbanum,ginger,lovage,myrtle,neroli,oakmoss,oregano,patchouli,rose,
snakeroot,spikenard,staranise,thyme,turmeric,valerian,vetiverCarrierOils:hazelnut,pomegranate
PassionEssentialOils:cardamom,cassia,celery,cinnamon,coriander,galangal,ginger,lemongrass,lovage,myrtle,patchouli,rose,turmericCarrierOils:apricot,avocado,olive,sesame
Past-lifeWorkEssentialOils:amyris,camphor,eucalyptus,frankincense,lemonbalm,myrrh,opopanax,rosemary,sandalwoodPeaceEssentialOils:angelica,basil,bay,bergamot,cananga,catnip,cedarwood,chamomile,clarysage,coriander,cumin,cypress,fir,geranium,ginger,helichrysum,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,marjoram,myrrh,myrtle,neroli,opopanax,orange,oregano,palmarosa,patchouli,pine,rose,sage,sandalwood,spikenard,tagetes,tarragon,valerian,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:almond,apricot,cranberry,olive,rosehip,sunflowerPowerEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,basil,bay,bergamot,cassia,cinnamon,clove,frankincense,galangal,ginger,mugwort,nutmeg,patchouli,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,savory,staranise,storax,thyme,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:borage,flax,grape,hazelnut,rosehipProblems(todealwith,overcome)EssentialOils:angelica,basil,bay,bergamot,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,dill,ginger,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,myrrh,opopanax,palmarosa,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,rose,sage,savory,spikenard,spruce,valerian,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:hazelnut,rosehip,sunflower
ProsperityEssentialOils:allspice,basil,bay,benzoin,bergamot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,clove,cumin,dill,fir,galangal,ginger,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,mandarin,marjoram,myrrh,myrtle,nutmeg,opopanax,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,pine,sage,snakeroot,spearmint,storax,tagetes,vetiverCarrierOils:almond,camellia,flax,grape,olive,pecan,pomegranate,sesameProtectionEssentialOils:amyris,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,cajeput,camphor,caraway,cassia(barkoil),catnip,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,cinnamon(barkoil),citronella,clove,coriander,cumin,cypress,dill,eucalyptus,fennel,fir,galangal,geranium,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lime,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,niaouli,nutmeg,opopanax,parsley,pepper,petitgrain,pine,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,snakeroot,spearmint,spruce,tarragon,teatree,thyme,turmeric,valerian,vetiverCarrierOils:almond,borage,camellia,cranberry,eveningprimrose,flax,hazelnut,olive,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,sesame,sunflowerPsychicProtectionEssentialOils:angelica,anise,benzoin,bergamot,frankincense,patchouli,rosemary,sage,storax,yarrowSpiritualProtectionEssentialOils:rosemary,tagetes,yarrow
PsychicWorkEssentialOils:anise,basil,camphor,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,citronella,clarysage,clove,elemi,eucalyptus,fennel,frankincense,galangal,ginger,grapefruit,helichrysum,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lemonbalm,lemongrass,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,neroli,nutmeg,oakmoss,opopanax,oregano,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,snakeroot,staranise,tagetes,thyme,yarrowCarrierOils:borage,flax,rosehip
ChannelingEssentialOils:angelica,bay,benzoin,chamomile(Roman),cypress,fir,galbanum,jasmine,myrtle,petitgrain,pine,sprucePurification(tocleanse,makenew)
EssentialOils:allspice,angelica,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,camphor,carrot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clove,cumin,dill,eucalyptus,fennel,fir,frankincense,galbanum,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lemongrass,lime,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,niaouli,opopanax,orange,oregano,parsley,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,pine,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,snakeroot,spearmint,spikenard,staranise,teatree,thyme,turmeric,valerian,yarrowCarrierOils:apricot,borage,cranberry,jojoba,olive,sesamePurpose(tofind,understand)EssentialOils:allspice(leafoil),amyris,basil,birch,camphor,cardamom,cassia(leafoil),cinnamon(leafoil),citronella,clarysage,clove(leafoil),dill(leafoil),elemi,eucalyptus(bluegum),fir(balsam,needleoil),geranium,hyssop,lemonbalm,lemongrass,marjoram,mugwort,myrtle,oakmoss,palmarosa,patchouli,rosemary,sage,tagetes,tarragon,teatreeCarrierOil:jojoba
RelationshipsEssentialOils:basil,caraway,cardamom,clove,geranium,ginger,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,marjoram,oregano,palmarosa,patchouli,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,spikenard,tagetes,yarrowCarrierOils:apricot,jojoba
Release(toletgoofsomethingorsomeoneandmoveon)EssentialOils:bay,cedarwood,clove,cumin,cypress,eucalyptus,frankincenseginger,juniper,lavender,lavandin,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,nutmeg,opopanax,patchouli,pepper,peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,yarrowCarrierOils:rosehip,sesame,sunflower
RenewalEssentialOils:angelica(seedoil),anise,birch,caraway,carrot,cassia,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,coriander,cumin,cypress,dill(leafoil),fennel(sweet),fir,frankincense,galbanum,helichrysum,labdanum,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,litsea,lovage,myrrh,opopanax,parsley,patchouli,pine,rosemary,sandalwood,spruce,thymeCarrierOils:almond,apricot,flax,jojoba,oliveSecrets(tokeep)EssentialOils:angelica(rootoil),caraway,clarysage,coriander,galangal,ginger,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lovage,rose,sage,snakeroot,spikenard,tarragon,turmeric,valerian,vetiverCarrierOils:flax,sesame
SecurityEssentialOils:angelica,birch,cajeput,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,coriander,cypress,dill,eucalyptus,fennel,fir,geranium,juniper,marjoram,oakmoss,oregano,pepper,spearmint,spruce,tarragonCarrierOils:eveningprimrose,hazelnut,olive,pecan,pomegranateSelfEssentialOils:amyris,birch,cajeput,celery,clarysage,cypress,geranium,jasmine,litsea,orange,peppermint,pine,rose,tarragonCarrierOils:camellia,grape,sunflower
Sex/SexualityEssentialOils:anise,basil,cajeput,cananga,cardamom,carrot,catnip,chamomile,clarysage,clove(budoil),coriander,geranium,helichrysum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,lovage,marjoram,mugwort,myrtle,neroli,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,rose,rosemary,sandalwood,savory,spearmint,tagetes,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:flax,grape,olive,sesame
CelibacyEssentialOils:camphor,ginger
Sorrow(toease)EssentialOils:angelica,basil,bergamot,cypress,eucalyptus(bluegum),geranium,lavender,lavandin,lemonbalm,marjoram,myrrh,myrtle,opopanax,oregano,rose,sandalwood,tagetes,thymeCarrierOils:borage,rosehip,sunflower
SpiritsEssentialOils:anise,birch,catnip,cedarwood,dill,fennel,jasmine,juniper,lemonbalm,lemongrass,mugwort,valerianCarrierOils:almond,olive,sesame
CommunicatewithSpiritsEssentialOils:bergamot,cananga,eucalyptus,frankincense,lavender,lavandin,lemon,myrrh,neroli,opopanax,orange,patchouli,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,yarrow,ylang-ylangForestSpiritsEssentialOils:fir,oakmoss,pine,spruce
SpiritGuidesEssentialOils:labdanum,lemon,mugwort,sage,sandalwoodSpirituality
EssentialOils:allspice,angelica,bay,cananga,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,cumin,elemi,fir,frankincense,galbanum,geranium,grapefruit,helichrysum,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,mandarin,myrrh,oakmoss,opopanax,palmarosa,patchouli,pine,rose,sage,sandalwood,spearmint,spruce,vetiver,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrierOils:borage,camellia,olive,rosehip,sunflowerStabilityEssentialOils:angelica(rootoil),birch,cajeput,cedarwood,fir,galangal,geranium,ginger,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lovage,sage,sandalwood,snakeroot,spikenard,spruce,storax,turmeric,valerian,vetiverStimulationEssentialOils:angelica,anise,basil,cassia,cinnamon,clove,coriander,fennel,galangal,ginger,jasmine,lemon,lime,nutmeg,orange,palmarosa,pepper,peppermint,pine,sage,sandalwood,savory,spearmint,thyme,yarrowCarrierOils:jojoba,sesame
StrengthEssentialOils:allspice,amyris,angelica,basil,bay,benzoin,bergamot,cajeput,camphor,cardamom,cassia,catnip,cedarwood,cinnamon,citronella,clove,cypress,dill,eucalyptus,fennel,fir(silver),frankincense,galangal,geranium,grapefruit,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lime,litsea,mandarin,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,neroli,niaouli,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,palmarosa,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,rose,sage,sandalwood,spearmint,spruce,teatree,thyme,vetiver,yarrowCarrierOils:borage,flax,hazelnut,jojoba,rosehip,sunflowerSuccessEssentialOils:allspice(berryoil),angelica,basil,bay,benzoin,bergamot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,juniper,lemon,lemonbalm,lime,litsea,mandarin,myrrh,opopanax,orange,patchouli,pepper,sandalwood,staranise,tagetes,yarrowCarrierOils:avocado,jojoba,olive
Transformation(toseek,manifest)EssentialOils:amyris,cajeput,cypress,fir,frankincense,juniper,myrrh,opopanax,pine,tagetesCarrierOils:flax,grape
TrustEssentialOils:basil,bay,labdanum,lemongrass,petitgrain,pine,spearmint,spruce,teatreeCarrierOils:borage,rosehip
TruthEssentialOils:clarysage,clove,cypress,labdanum,neroli,oregano,pine,sage,valerianCarrierOils:eveningprimrose,sesame
Vitality(tomaintain)EssentialOils:benzoin,cedarwood,citronella,elemi,fir(balsam),frankincense,galbanum,ginger,labdanum,lemongrass,lime,myrrh,opopanax,rosemary,storax,valerianCarrierOils:olive,sesame
IncreaseVitalityEssentialOils:basil,catnip,clarysage,hyssop,lemonbalm,marjoram,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,sage,spearmintWealth(toacquire,keep)
EssentialOils:basil,bergamot,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,dill,galangal,ginger,jasmine,myrrh,nutmeg,opopanax,patchouli,pine,sage,tagetesCarrierOils:almond,avocado,camellia,olive,pomegranateWell-beingEssentialOils:anise,bergamot,birch,caraway,coriander,eucalyptus,galangal,geranium,ginger,grapefruit,jasmine,juniper,lavender,lavandin,lemon,lime,mandarin,marjoram,myrrh,neroli,nutmeg,opopanax,orange,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,sandalwood,spikenard,thyme,turmeric,yarrowCarrierOils:almond,eveningprimrose,olive,sunflowerWisdomEssentialOils:bay,benzoin,birch,clarysage,cypress,dill,geranium,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,spruceCarrierOils:hazelnut,rosehip,sunflower
[contents]
AppendixB
Cross-ReferencebytheElementsTheElementsAirEssentialoils:allspice(leafoil),anise,basil,bay,benzoin,birch,camphor,cananga,caraway,catnip,cedarwood,celery,chamomile,citronella,clarysage,clove,dill,eucalyptus,fennel,fir,
frankincense,galbanum,grapefruit,helichrysum,hops,hyssop,jasmine,lavandin,lavender,lemonbalm,lemongrass,marjoram,mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,neroli,niaouli,nutmeg,opopanax,oregano,palmarosa,parsley,patchouli,
peppermint,pine,rose,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,savory,
spearmint,staranise,tagetes,
tarragon,thyme,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:almond,borage,
hazelnut,pecanEarthEssentialoils:allspice,amyris,angelica(rootoil),
bergamot,cajeput,camphor,cananga,cardamom,carrot,cassia,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,cypress,eucalyptus,fir,galangal,ginger,hops,jasmine,juniper,lovage(rootoil),mugwort,
niaouli,oakmoss,patchouli,petitgrain,pine,sage,sandalwood,snakeroot,spikenard,spruce,
storax,teatree,turmeric,valerian,vetiver,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:avocado,pomegranateFire
Essentialoils:allspice,angelica(seedoil),anise,basil,bay,
bergamot,cajeput,caraway,cardamom,carrot,cedarwood,
celery,citronella,clove,coriander,cumin,dill,fennel,fir,frankincense,galangal,ginger,hyssop,juniper,lime,lovage,mandarin,neroli,
nutmeg,orange,oregano,parsley,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,savory,storax,tagetes,tarragon,turmeric,vetiverCarrieroils:almond,apricot,borage,camellia,cranberry,evening
primrose,flax,grape,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranate,rosehip,
sesame,sunflowerWaterEssentialoils:allspice(berryoil),benzoin,
bergamot,birch,camphor,cananga,cardamom,catnip,cedarwood,
celery,chamomile,cypress,eucalyptus,frankincense,galbanum,geranium,grapefruit,hops,jasmine,juniper,labdanum,lemon,lemonbalm,lime,litsea,mandarin,
mugwort,myrrh,myrtle,oakmoss,opopanax,orange,palmarosa,pepper,rose,sandalwood,
spearmint,spikenard,spruce,staranise,storax,tarragon,thyme,
valerian,vetiver,yarrow,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:apricot,avocado,
camellia,cranberry,grape,hazelnut,jojoba,olive,rosehip
AppendixC
Cross-ReferencebyZodiacSignsZodiacSigns
AquariusEssentialoils:anise,benzoin,cypress,frankincense,galbanum,hops,lavandin,lavender,lemon,myrrh,opopanax,parsley,patchouli,peppermint,pine,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,staraniseCarrieroils:almond,olive
AriesEssentialoils:allspice,angelica,basil,cardamom,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,clove,coriander,cumin,fennel,fir,frankincense,galangal,geranium,ginger,juniper,marjoram,neroli,oregano,pepper,peppermint,petitgrain,pine,rosemary,tarragon,thymeCarrieroil:oliveCancerEssentialoils:camphor,cardamom,catnip,chamomile,dill,eucalyptus,geranium,hyssop,jasmine,lemon,lemonbalm,mugwort,myrrh,opopanax,palmarosa,pine,rose,sandalwood,spruce,tagetes,yarrowCarrieroil:rosehipCapricornEssentialoils:birch,cassia,cinnamon,cypress,jasmine,myrrh,oakmoss,opopanax,patchouli,pine,spruce,vetiverGeminiEssentialoils:anise,bay,benzoin,bergamot,caraway,dill,fennel,lavandin,lavender,lemon,lemongrass,marjoram,mugwort,oregano,parsley,peppermint,spearmint,thyme,yarrowCarrieroils:almond,borage,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranateLeoEssentialoils:angelica,anise,basil,bay,benzoin,cassia,chamomile,cinnamon,clove,dill,frankincense,ginger,juniper,lavandin,lavender,lime,neroli,nutmeg,orange,petitgrain,rosemary,sandalwood,tagetesCarrieroils:borage,hazelnut,olive,sunflowerLibraEssentialoils:catnip,galbanum,marjoram,mugwort,oregano,parsley,rose,spearmint,thyme,vetiverCarrieroils:avocado,hazelnut,rosehipPiscesEssentialoils:anise,bay,camphor,cananga,cardamom,catnip,clove,cypress,eucalyptus,jasmine,lavandin,lavender,lemon,lovage,myrrh,nutmeg,opopanax,palmarosa,pine,sage,sandalwood,staranise,ylang-ylangCarrieroil:borageSagittariusEssentialoils:anise,birch,cedarwood,clove,frankincense,ginger,hyssop,juniper,mugwort,myrtle,nutmeg,orange,rose,rosemary,sage,staraniseCarrieroils:borage,rosehipScorpioEssentialoils:allspice,basil,benzoin,clove,cumin,dill,galangal,galbanum,ginger,hops,myrrh,opopanax,patchouli,pine,valerianCarrieroils:pomegranateTaurus
Essentialoils:benzoin,cananga,cardamom,cedarwood,cypress,lovage,mugwort,oakmoss,patchouli,rose,sage,thyme,vetiver,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:apricot,rosehipVirgoEssentialoils:bergamot,cypress,dill,fennel,lavandin,lavender,marjoram,oregano,patchouli,peppermint,rosemary,sandalwood,savory,valerianCarrieroils:almond,hazelnut,pecan,pomegranate[contents]
AppendixD
Cross-ReferencebyPlanets/SolarSystemPlanets/SolarSystem
JupiterEssentialoils:anise,birch,cassia,cedarwood,cinnamon,clove,fir,helichrysum,hyssop,lemonbalm,myrrh,nutmeg,oakmoss,opopanax,pine,sage,staranise,vetiverCarrieroils:almond,borage,jojoba,oliveMarsEssentialoils:allspice,anise,basil,benzoin,carrot,clove,coriander,cumin,fir,galangal,geranium,ginger,hops,juniper,opopanax,oregano,patchouli,pepper,pine,snakeroot,tarragon,turmericCarrieroils:cranberryMercuryEssentialoils:anise,benzoin,cananga,caraway,carrot,cassia,cedarwood,celery,cinnamon,clarysage,clove,dill,elemi,eucalyptus,fennel,jasmine,juniper,lavandin,lavender,lemongrass,lime,marjoram,mugwort,niaouli,oakmoss,oregano,parsley,peppermint,rosemary,sage,sandalwood,savory,spikenard,staranise,storax,valerian,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:almond,flax,hazelnut,olive,pecan,pomegranateTheMoonEssentialoils:amyris,birch,camphor,cananga,celery,eucalyptus,frankincense,ginger,hyssop,jasmine,juniper,lemon,lemonbalm,myrrh,nutmeg,oakmoss,opopanax,rosemary,sandalwood,ylang-ylangCarrieroils:camellia,grape,oliveNeptuneEssentialoil:helichrysumCarrieroil:apricotPlutoEssentialoils:basil,cypress,labdanum,myrrh,opopanax,parsleySaturnEssentialoils:bergamot,cajeput,cypress,eucalyptus,fir,myrrh,opopanax,patchouli,pine,spikenard,vetiverTheSunEssentialoils:angelica,bay,benzoin,bergamot,birch,cassia,cedarwood,chamomile,cinnamon,citronella,clove,eucalyptus,frankincense,galangal,grapefruit,juniper,lemongrass,lime,lovage,mandarin,myrrh,neroli,opopanax,orange,petitgrain,rosemary,storax,tagetesCarrieroils:almond,apricot,hazelnut,olive,sesame,sunflowerUranusEssentialoils:elemi,fir,neroliVenusEssentialoils:amyris,basil,benzoin,birch,cananga,cardamom,catnip,citronella,clarysage,coriander,cumin,fennel,galbanum,geranium,labdanum,lemongrass,lovage,mugwort,myrtle,palmarosa,peppermint,rose,sandalwood,spearmint,spikenard,thyme,valerian,vetiver,yarrow,ylang-
ylangCarrieroils:apricot,avocado,camellia,eveningprimrose,rosehip[contents]
AppendixE
Cross-ReferencebySabbatsSabbats
BeltaneEssentialOils:angelica,birch,cedarwood,fir,juniper,pine,tagetesCarrierOil:almondImbolcEssentialOils:angelica,basil,cedarwoodCarrierOil:sesameLithaEssentialOils:bay,chamomile,galangal,lavandin,lavenderLughnasadh/LammasEssentialOils:myrtle,sunflowerMabonEssentialOils:cedarwood,myrtle,sage,tagetesCarrierOils:grape,hazelnut,rosehip,sesameOstaraEssentialOils:birch,roseCarrierOil:rosehipSamhainEssentialOils:allspice,angelica,catnip,cypress,galbanum,marjoram,mugwort,oakmoss,parsley,patchouli,rosemary,sage,tagetesCarrierOil:flax,pomegranate
YuleEssentialOils:birch,cedarwood,chamomile,fir,frankincense,juniper,myrrh,opopanax,pine,rosemary,sage[contents]
Glossary
abortifacient:Capableofinducingtheabortionofafetus.absolute:Ahighlyconcentratedviscousliquid,solid,orsemi-solidperfumeproductdistilledfromaconcrete.
annual:Aplantthatcompletesitslifecycleinoneyear.aromaticextract:Productsobtainedbysolventextractioncontainingbothvolatileandnon-volatilecomponents.
axil:Theareaofaplantbetweenastemorbranchandaleafstem.balsam:Anaturallyoccurringmixtureofresinandaromaticsubstances,whichareusuallyacids.
balsamic:Astrongscent,usuallyfromanaromaticresin,thatisoftendescribedassweet,earthy,andrich.
basalleaves:Leavesthatgrowatthebaseofanuprightstemandaredifferentfromtheothersthatgrowonthestem.
biennial:Aplantthatcompletesitslifecycleintwoyears.camphoraceous:Apungent,sharpscentresemblingcamphor.carcinogenic:Asubstancethatpromotescancerorcancerousgrowths.carrieroil:Anoilinwhichessentialoilsarediluted.catkin:Athick,droopingclusteroftinyflowers.chemotype:Variationsinaplantspeciesduetoclimateandlocation.CO2extraction:Anextractionmethod,alsocalledsuper-criticalCO2extraction,thatusesliquidcarbondioxidetoobtainaromaticmaterialfromplants.
cold-pressed:Amechanicalmethodofoilextractioninwhichnoexternalheatisusedduringtheprocess.Itisalsoknownasexpression.
compoundleaf:Aleafcomprisedofsmallleafletsalongastem.
concrete:Ahighlyconcentratedsolidorsemi-solidwaxyperfumeproduct.Itisusedtomakeanabsolute.
coniferous:Awoody,usuallyevergreen,plantthatreproducesthroughseed-bearingcones.
decoction:Apreparationmadebyboilingplantmaterialandreducingittoaconcentration.
deciduous:Atreeorwoodyplantthatdropsitsleavesaspartofanannualcycle.diffuser:Adeviceusedtodispersefragranceintotheair.distillation:Amethodofextractionusingsteamorhotwatertoseparateessentialoilfromplantmaterial.
enfleurage:Atime-consumingandlabor-intensivemethodofextractingfloweressenceusingafattysubstancesuchastalloworlard.
essentialoil:Avolatile,aromaticliquidobtainedthroughtheprocessesofdistillationandexpression.
expression:Amethodofoilextraction,alsocalledcold-pressing,inwhichnoexternalheatisusedduringtheprocess.
exudate:Anaturalmaterialsecretedbyplants,whichcanbespontaneousoroccurafterdamagetotheplant.
fixative:Anoilthatslowstheevaporationofvolatileessentialoils.fixedoils:Oilsobtainedfromplantsthatarefattyandnon-volatile.florets:Tiny,individualflowersthatmakeupalargerflowerhead.floweressence:Aninfusionofflowersinwaterwhichisthenmixedina50%brandysolution.Thesearenotessentialoils.
flowerhead:Adense,compactclusteroftinyflowers.flowerwater:Abyproductofdistillationthatcontainsthewater-solublemoleculesofaromaticplants.Thesearealsocalledhydroflorates,hydrolats,andhydrosols.
fullers’earth:Aluminumsilicateusedtoremoveasmuchcoloraspossiblefromfood-gradevegetableoils.
gum:Agel-likeplantsecretionthatiswater-soluble.Thistermoftenusedinreferencetoresins,whicharenotwater-soluble.
gumresin:Anaturallyoccurringmixtureofgum,resin,andasmallamountofvolatileoil.
heartwood:Thecentermostwoodinatreetrunk.herbaceous:Anherbalscent,sometimescalleda“green”fragrance.hydro-diffusion:Adistillationmethodofessential-oilextractioninwhichsteamisforcedintothevesselfromaboveratherthanbelowtheplantmaterial.
hydrosol:Awaterbyproductofdistillationthatcontainsthewater-solublemoleculesofaromaticplants.Thesearealsocalledhydroflorates,hydrolats,andfloralwaters.
infusion:Amildlyaromaticproductcreatedbysteepingplantmaterialinwateroroil.Thisisalsoknownasmaceration.
kernel:Theinnerandsofterpartofaseed,nut,orfruitstone.Incerealplants,itisenclosedwithinahusk.
lipophilic:Apropertyofessentialoilsthatmeanstheyarereadilyabsorbedbyfattyoilsandwaxes.Thispropertyallowsessentialoilstobedispersedincarrieroils.
oleogumresin:Anaturallyoccurringmixtureofgum,resin,andvolatileoil.oleoresin:Anaturallyoccurringmixtureofresinandvolatileoil.partiallyrefinedoil:Anoilthathasbeenputthroughprocessesthatoftenincludebleaching,deodorizing,andwinterizationtogiveitalongershelflife.
perennial:Aplantwithalifecycleofmorethantwoyears.photosensitivity:Aneffect,suchasarashordarkpigmentationofskinexposedtosunlight,thatoccurswithinafewdaysaftertheuseofsomeessentialoils.
pomade:Aperfumedfatobtainedduringtheenfleurageextractionmethod.refinedoil:Anoil,usuallyfood-grade,producedtohavenoodorandverylittletonocolor.
resin:Asolidorsemi-soldsecretionfromtreesthatisnotwater-soluble.resinabsolute:Anabsolutecreatedfromresinbyafurtherextractionprocessusingalcohol.
resinoid:Asubstancecreatedbysolventextractionofresins,gums,balsams,oleogumresins,oroleoresins.Itcanbeaviscousliquid,asolid,orsemi-solid.
rhizome:Astemthatgrowsunderground.rosette:Adescriptionofleavesthatgrowcloselytogetherinacircleorspiralpattern.
sensitization:Unlikeirritation,theskinbecomesincreasinglyreactiveorhypersensitive.
sepal:Theoutermostpartofaflowerthatisusuallygreenandfunctionstoprotecttheyoungbud.
solventextraction:Aprocessthatuseschemicalstoobtainessentialoilfromplantmaterial.
strewingherbs:ItwasacommonpracticeinEuropetoscattercertainherbsonfloorstofreshentheair,actaspestcontrol,andmakeiteasiertosweepawaythedetritusofeverydayliving.
strobile:Afemalecatkin.synergy:Aharmonythatresultswhentheeffectofacombinationisgreaterthanthesumofallitparts.
tincture:Aplantextractpreparedinanalcoholbase.toothedleaf:Aleafwithserratededges.umbel:Adescriptionofanumbrella-likeflowerheadstructure.unrefinedoil:Anoilthathasnotbeenputthroughvariouschemicalprocessestoremovecolor,odor,andothernaturalproperties.
virginoil:Obtainedfromthefirstpressingofplantmaterial.volatile:Asubstance,suchasanessentialoil,thatisunstableandevaporatesrapidly.
waterdistillation:Amethodofextractioninwhichplantmaterialiscompletelyimmersedinhotwater.
whorl:Acircularorspiralgrowthpatternofleaves,needles,orflowerpetals.
[contents]
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[contents]
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