mixeil baZaRua - NPLGdspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/9607/1/Trefikingi.pdf · English Resume.....217 bibliografia ... mxsneli ki ar aris; itaceben da aravin ambobs: daabrune!~.[4,

mixeil baZaRuamixeil baZaRuamixeil baZaRuamixeil baZaRuamixeil baZaRua

adamianiT vaWroba -adamianiT vaWroba -adamianiT vaWroba -adamianiT vaWroba -adamianiT vaWroba -

trefikingitrefikingitrefikingitrefikingitrefikingi

(saqarTvelos magaliTze)

Tbilisi

2011

wignSi ganxilulia adamianiT vaWrobis - trefikingis kuTxiT

msoflio kriminologiuri sazogadoebis mier gakeTebuli Tana-

medrove midgomebi, aseve saqarTvelos magaliTze analizisa da

aprobaciis safuZvelze warmodgenilia specifikuri Taviseburebebi

da rekomendaciebi.

naSromi warmoadgens trefikingTan dakavSirebiT qarTul enaze

arsebuli informaciis erT-erT yvelaze srulyofil wyaros.

naSromi gankuTvnilia samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organi-

zaciebisaTvis, adamianis uflebadamcvelTaTvis, eqspertTaTvis,

iuridiuli fakultetis studentebisa da profesor-maswavle-

belTaTvis, kriminologiiT dainteresebul pirTaTvis da aseve

farTo sazogadoebisaTvis.

redaqtori: samarTalmcodneobis doqtori

profesori giorgi Rlonti

recenzentebi: iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori

profesori marine kvaWaZe

iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori

profesori jemal janaSia

samarTalmcodneobis da politikis mecnierebaTa

doqtori

profesori jemal gaxokiZe

S i n a a r s i

Sesavali ...................................................................................................5

Tavi I – adamianiT vaWroba – trefikingi - rogorc

kriminologiuri kvlevis obieqti ............................................8

$1. adamianiT vaWrobasTan – trefikingTan dakavSirebuli

danaSaulis warmoSobis da gavrcelebis mokle istoriuli

mimoxilva ............................................................................................8

$2. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis cneba ...................................27

a). saerTaSoriso samarTlis aqtebis mixedviT ........................27

b). adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis cneba saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobiT ...............................................................................38

Tavi II – adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis mdgomareoba,

arsebuli statistika ..................................................................43

$1. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis stadiebi............................43

a). adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis msxverplis

rekrutireba.....................................................................................43

b). adamianTa vaWrobis – trefikingis msxverplis gadaadgile-

ba, maT Soris saerTSoriso sazRvrebze gadayvana .................45

g). adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis msxverplTa

eqspluatacia ..................................................................................50

$2. trefikingis msxverpli subieqtebi – viqtimuroba ................60

$3 adamianTa trefikingSi Cabmuli organizaciebi da

damnaSaveTa kategoriebi...............................................................64

$4 trefikingis msxverplTa dasamorCileblad

gamoyenebuli iZulebis saSualebebi...........................................71

$5. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis mdgomareobis dinamikis

ZiriTadi tendenciebi saqarTvelosTvis.................................79

$6. sazogadoebrivi azri adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis

Sesaxeb – sociologiuri kvlevis Sedegebi..............................86

a). sociologiuri kvlevis miznebi da meToduri

safuZvlebi ......................................................................................86

b). kvleviT miRebuli Sedegebis analizi ...................................90

Uac (uak) 343431 (479.22) b-36

ISBN 978-9941-0-3439-8

© malxaz baZaRua

© danaSaulobis kvlevisa da prognozirebis centri

4 5

Tavi III _ adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis determinacia –

mizezebi .......................................................................................117

$1. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis warmoSobis mizezebisa

da pirobebis zogadi daxasiaTeba ...............................................117

$2. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis mizezebi da pirobebi

saqarTveloSi ....................................................................................128

$3. prostitucia rogorc adamianiT vaWrobis –

trefikingis mizezi ........................................................................137

Tavi IV _ adamianiT vaWroba – trefikingi da

saxelmwifo politika.................................................................148

$1. adamianiT vaWrobasTan – trefikingTan brZolis

saerTaSoriso standartebi ........................................................148

a) gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis standartebi ...........148

b) evrosabWos standartebi ..........................................................159

g) amerikis SeerTebul Statebis standartebi .......................165

$2. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis winaaRmdeg arsebuli

prevenciuli zomebi ......................................................................168

$3. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis

subieqtebis organizaciuli aspeqtebi ....................................176

$4. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis winaaRmdeg

brZolis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi saqarTveloSi ...............187

daskvna ...............................................................................................205

daskvniTi rekomendaciebi ................................................................209

English Resume .........................................................................................217

bibliografia......................................................................................237

danarTebi ...........................................................................................246

SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali

kvlevis aqtualoba

XXI saukunis msofliosTvis (aseve saqarTvelosTvisac)

adamianiT vaWrobiT (trefikingiT) gamowveulma problemam

metad saSiSi saxe miiRo, gansakuTrebiT misi zrdis tempisa

da gavrcelebis masStaburobis gaTvaliswinebiT. yovel wels

matulobs trefikingis msxverplTa raodenoba. msoflio masS-

tabiT msxverplTa savaraudo cifri, yoveli mocemuli mome-

ntisTvis, saSualod 2.5 milion adamians Seadgens.[67] aseve

matulobs adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplTa gamoyenebis sfe-

roebic. Tu sawyis etapze yvelaferi monobiT Semoifargle-

boda, dResdReisobiT, medicinis ganviTarebasTan erTad, adami-

anebs organoTa transplantaciis da surogati dedobisTvis

iyeneben, xolo teqnologiebis gaumjobesebis paralelurad

sul ufro da ufro maRalSemosavliani saqmianobis wyarod

aqceven.

trefikingi gansakuTrebul safrTxes uqmnis saqarTvelos,

rac gamowveulia qveynis mniSvnelovani geopolitikuri mdeba-

reobiT da jer kidev rTuli ekonomikuri viTarebiT, ris

gamoc saqarTvelo trefikingis msxverplTa warmoSobis da

aseve tranzitis saxelmwifod miiCneva.D viTarebas gansakuTre-

biT amwvavebs is garemoeba, rom Cveni qveynis mosaxleobis

didi nawili _ milion adamianze meti, samuSaos saZebnelad

wasulia sazRvargareT, sadac maTi umetesoba aralegalurad

imyofeba, dakavebulia ukanono da dabalanazRaurebadi saqmi-

anobiT da amdenad nebismieri maTgani warmoadgens trefikingis

potenciur msxverpls. [33, 16]

aRniSnuli mdgomareoba saxelmwifos mxridan moiTxovs

swraf da gaazrebul reagirebas, raTa SemuSavebul iqnas

aRniSnul danaSaulTan brZolis, msxverplis gamovlenis,

dacvisa da reabilitaciis swori saxelmwifo politika. aqve

unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianiT vaWroba, rogorc kvlevis

6 7

obieqti axali mivlenaa, Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos, iseve

rogorc sxva qveynebis kanonmdeblobebSi trefikingma Tavis

adgili mxolod XXI saukuneSi daimkvidra, rac gvaZlevs

safuZvels, eWvi SevitanoT kanonmdeblobis srulyofilebaSi

da warmovaCinoT trefikingTan brZolis politikisa da Se-

sabamisad kanonmdeblobis daxvewis mizniT gasatarebeli

RonisZiebebi, risTvisac saWirod migvaCnia aRniSnuli fenome-

nis mizezebis da pirobebis Seswavla da trefikingis Tavidan

acilebis gzebisa da saSualebebis dadgena, rac, Tavis mxriv,

kriminologiis Seswavlis sagania.

naSromis aqtualoba ganpirobebulia ukanasknel periodSi

adamianiT vaWrobis, rogorc movlenis gamwvavebiT, rasac

xeli Seuwyo Tanamedrove ekonomikurma viTarebam – sadac,

rogorc cnobilia, ekonomikis erT-erT ZiriTad mamoZravebel

Zalas adamianuri resursi warmoadgens. xolo ekonomikaSi,

konkurenciis pirobebSi, muSaxelis xelmisawvdomoba da fasi

gansazRvravs zogadad warmoebuli produqciis konkurentu-

narianobas da Sesabamisad mis sarfianobas bazarze.

msoflios ganviTarebul qveynebSi adgilobrivi legaluri

muSaxelis anazRaureba maRalia, rac zogierT saqmianobas

ararentabelurs xdis, rig SemTxvevaSi legaluri muSaxeli

Tavis mxriv araa Tanaxma Seasrulos zogierTi saxis sa-

muSao.

yovelive zemoT aRniSnulma warmoSva moTxovna iaf muSax-

elze, rac organizebuli danaSaulebrivi dajgufebebisgan

SeumCneveli ver darCeboda. isini kargad icnoben ra arse-

bul ekonomikur mdgomareobas, mizandasaxulad aviTareben

danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis iseT mimarTulebebs, romlebic

SedarebiT naklebi riskisa da mcire investiciebis pirobebSi

didi materialuri Semosavlis miRebis saSualebas iZlevian.

am organizaciebma sakuTari saerTaSoriso qselebis gamoy-

enebiT, riTac aqamde iaraRisa da narkotikebis trefiks axor-

cielebdnen, moaxdines aralegaluri Semosavlebis sididis

mixedviT msoflioSi mesame adgilze myofi transnacionaluri

kriminaluri biznesis ganviTareba, romelic gulisxmobs

adamianTa gadayvanas naklebad xelsayreli regionebidan ufro

`keTilmowyobil~ regionebisken, rogoricaa dasavleT evropa,

CrdiloeT amerika da samxreT-aRmosavleT azia. swored am

negatiuri saqmianobis Seswavla da aRmofxvra iqca 21-e sauku-

nis dasawyisis metad aqtualur sakiTxad.

ukanasknel periodSi adamianTa trefikingi msoflio mas-

StabiT ganviTarda, moicva ra ufro meti saxelmwifo vidre

odesme, rasac msoflios regionebs Soris ekonomikuri disba-

lansis zrdasTan erTad, ganapirobebs satransporto komu-

nikaciebis, gansakuTrebiT aviagadazidvebis ganviTareba. Tana-

medrove samyaroSi problemas ar warmoadgens aTasobiT ki-

lometris dafarva, Tbilisidan niu-iorkamde frenas sul

raRac 16 saaTi sWirdeba, maSin, roca wina saukuneebSi aseTi

manZilis dafarvas ramodenime Tvis saxifaTo mogzauroba

esaWiroeboda.

trefikingisTvis ganviTarebadi qveynebi ZiriTadad warmo-

adgenen warmoSobis saxelmwifoebs, saidanac msxverpli

tranziti saxelmwifoebis gavliT an pirdapir gadahyavT

daniSnulebis saxelmwifoebSi – iq, sadac xorcieldeba

eqsploatacia. rig SemTxvevaSi msxverpli damoukideblad

axdens sazRvrebis gadalaxvas, xSirad legaluri saSualebe-

biT, an saerTodac pirovneba xdeba msxverpli yovelgvari

sazRvrebis gadalaxvis gareSe – sakuTar samSobloSi. aSkaraa,

rom trefikingi iseTi danaSaulia, romlisganac saxelmwifo

Tavs ganviTarebis maRali doniT ver daizRvevs da ubralod

msxverplTa warmoSobis saxelmwifodan transformirdeba eqsp-

luataciis saxelmwifod, ukanaskneli kvlevebis Tanaxmad,

saerTodac, msxverplad gaxdomis riski matulobs im saxel-

mwifoebis moqalaqeTa Soris sadac, raoden gasakviric ar

unda iyos, maRalia kanonmorCileba da samarTlianoba.

8 9

Tavi I _ adamianiT vaWroba - trefikingi _

rogorc kriminologiuri kvlevis obieqti.

$1. adamianiT vaWrobasTan - trefikingTan dakavSirebuli

danaSaulis warmoSobis da gavrcelebis mokle

istoriuli mimoxilva.

adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis), rogorc problemis

aRiarebis da samarTlebrivi gansazRvrebis SedarebiT siax-

lis miuxedavad, igi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos axlad aRmo-

cenebul danaSaulad, radgan mas Rrma istoriuli fesvebi

gaaCnia. rogorc cnobilia, jer kidev dasabamidan adamianTa

modgmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo Zlieris mier sustis

Cagvra – sustis monuri Sromis gamoyeneba iZulebis da

Cagvris gziT, rac adamianis bunebaSi zis da misi cxove-

luri yofierebis gadmonaSTad SeiZleba miviCnioT.

adamianiT vaWroba - trefikingi Tanamedrove formaa msof-

lioSi uxsovari droidan gavrcelebuli monebiT vaWrobis

- monaTmflobelobis. jer kidev biblia icnobda msgavsi

tipis moqmedebas da miuReblad Tvlida mas, `magram es

xalxi gaZarcvulia da darbeuli, gamoqvabulSi arian

Cayrilni da sapyrobileSi gamoketilni; tyved mihyavT,

mxsneli ki ar aris; itaceben da aravin ambobs: daabrune!~.[4,

678] gvamcnobs esaia winaswarmetyveli iudevelTa yofis

Sesaxeb.

Cvens welTaRricxvamde 1790 wels daweril babilonis

mefe hamurabis kanonebSic mravlad gvxvdeba monaTmflobe-

lobis maregulirebeli normebi, magaliTad:

kanonTa krebulis meCvidmete muxlSi naTqvamia: ̀ Tu vinme

ipovis gaqceul monas da daubrunebs mas patrons, maSin

patroni valdebulia gadauxados mpovnels 2 vercxlis

Sekili~.

meTvramete muxli gvamcnobs – `Tu mona ar asaxelebs

Tavis patronis vinaobas, maSin mpovnelma unda miiyvanos

igi sasaxleSi, sadac gairkveva misi mflobelis vinaoba da

daubrundeba is mas~.

`da Tu mpovneli ar daabrunebs gaqceul monas da mas

miakvleven mpovnelis saxlSi, maSin mpovneli sikvdiliT

daisjeba~ muxli 19 da a.S.[63]

rogorc Cans, hamurabis mefobis wlebSi babilonSi sakmaod

kargad iyo regulirebuli monaTa samarTlebrivi mdgoma-

reoba da monaTmflobeloba Cveulebriv, farTod gavrce-

lebul movlenas warmoadgenda.

monebis Sromaze, maT eqspluataciaze idga romis imperi-

ac, sadac monaTa raodenoba 5/3 SefardebiT aRemateboda

danarCen mosaxleobas. romaelebi monebs ̀ Instrumento Vocale~-

s – `molaparake iaraRs~ uwodebdnen. romaeli iuristebis

azriT, romSi monebs iseTi adgili ekavaT, rogorc sakuT-

rebis uflebis yvela sxva obieqts. monaTmflobeli ufleba-

mosili iyo mona eyida an gaeyida, gaecvala, gaeCuqebina,

gaeqiravebina, mziTevSi gaetanebina, da bolos fizikurad

gaenadgurebina.[15, 48]

monis yofa-cxovrebaze romis imperiaSi naTel warmodge-

nas gvaZlevs 1874 wels italieli mwerlis rafaelo jiova-

nolis mier dawerili istoriuli Txzuleba `spartaki~,

romelSic aRwerilia qristesSobamde 110 wels dabadebuli

gladiatoris spartakis istoria, romelic xelmZRvanelobda

monaTa ajanyebas romis imperiis winaaRmdeg da romlis me-

TaurobiTac 120 aTasiani monaTa armia warmatebiT ibrZoda

mravali wlis manZilze da rom ara adamianuri Suri da

orpiroba, monaTa armias savsebiT SeeZlo TviT romis impe-

riis damarcxeba da romis aReba.[23]

adamianiT vaWroba Suasaukuneebis evropaSi miviwyebuli

da akrZaluli iyo ZiriTadad qristianuli religiis gav-

10 11

leniT. viTareba kardinalurad Seicvala da adamianiT

vaWrobam farTo gavrceleba hpova amerikis aRmoCenis da

misi aTvisebis dawyebis kvaldakval.

espanelma dampyroblebma SeamCnies ra, rom amerikis mkvidr

mosaxleobas ar gaaCnda imuniteti evropelebis mier Seta-

nil da gavrcelebul daavadebebisadmi, ris gamoc amerikis

aborigeni mosaxleoba didi raodenobiT iRupebodnen,

daiwyes janmrTeli da gamZle monebis afrikis teritori-

idan gadayvana amerikaSi. 1518 wels espaneTis mefe Carlzma

gasca specialuri samefo nebarTva, riTac daiwyo 350 wliani

trans-atlantikuri monaTa vaWroba.[31, 8]

monebis gadayvana amerikis SeerTebul Statebis terito-

riaze, aSS-s kongresma akrZala mxolod 1809 wlidan, ra

droisTvisac iq daaxloebiT 4 milionamde mona iricxe-

boda, romlebic ZiriTadad samxreT StatebSi kotonis da

brinjis plantaciebze muSaobdnen. sabolood monoba aSS-s

teritoriaze, samoqalaqo omis periodSi, 1863 wels prezi-

dent abraham linkolnis mier gauqmda, rasac zogi mkvle-

varis azriT samxedro-politikuri mizezebi hqonda,[40] radgan

linkolns surda Savkaniani mosaxleobis mxardaWeriis miReba

samxreT StatebSi, romlebic misdami mtrulad iyvnen

ganwyobili da am qmedebiT iq mniSvnelovani dasayrdenis

Seqmna.[37]

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis garda transatlantikur

monaTa vaWrobis erT-erTi mTavari daniSnulebis qveyanas

brazilia warmoadgenda, sadac arsebuli gausaZlisi kli-

maturi pirobebi moiTxovda muSaxelis xSir ganaxlebas,

ris gamoc iq afrikidan gadmoyvanil monaTa mTliani raode-

nobis 40 procentis eqsploatacia xdeboda.[65]

brazilia iyo ukanaskneli saxelmwifo amerikis naxevars-

feroSi, sadac monoba gauqmda, es moxda mxolod 1888 wels,

manamde ki britaneTma Tavis koloniebSi - 1833 wels da

safrangeTma - 1848 wels gaakeTes igive. navaraudevia, rom

transatlantikur monaTa vaWrobis msxverplTa ricxvi am

periodisTvis 11 milion adamians utoldeboda.[65]

saqarTvelosTvisac aRniSnuli qmedeba uxsovari droidan

yofila aqtualuri. vaxtang meeqvsis samarTlis wignTa kre-

bulSi Semavali erT-erTi uZvelesi - ̀ samarTali berZnuli~

- moixseniebs aRniSnuli tipis movlenas, kerZod, masSi

mocemulia calkeul normaTa krebuli ̀ nasyidis yrmisaTvis~,

sadac naTqvamia:

`nasyidi yrma midReSi sasamarTloSi ar miiyuaneba da

vercavin moklavs mosamarTle, da arca ufleba aqus. Tavi-

sis batonis saqonelzed mosamarTle veras awyens, amisTvis

rameTu nasyidia da ara aqus ra – nurca ras miscem, nurca

ras sTxov.

ukeTu subuqi danaSauli ram qondes nasyids yrmasa,

batonisa misisagan Seendobis, Tu Tavisis batonis morCili

da maamebelia, anu misis gangebulisa.

nasyidi yrma aravisTan iCivlebs da verc misgan iCivlebs

vinme mosamarTlesTana – Tu saqme vismes aqus, mis batonTan

unda iCivlos~.[8, 170]

aRniSnuli muxli gvaZlevs saSualebas vivaraudoT im

periodisTvis saqarTveloSi adamianiT vaWrobis farTod

gavrcelebis da mis Cveulebriv movlenad arsebobis Sesaxeb.

am normidan naTlad Cans, rom gayidul adamians aravi-

Tari uflebebi ar gaaCnda, misi pirovneba warmoadgenda

nivTs patronis xelSi, romelsac misi survilisamebr gan-

kargava SeeZlo.

Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi monad gaxdomis ZiriTad

mizezebs valis warmoSoba, omSi an mowinaaRmdegesTan pir-

ispir brZolaSi damarcxeba warmoadgenda, risi magaliTic

mocemulia `beqa_aRbuRas samarTlis wignSi~, romelic dan-

aSaulad acxadebda da did sasjels awesebda samcxe-saaTa-

12 13

bagoSi arsebul Cveulebas: kaci rom mis mowinaaRmdegesTan

brZolaSi gaimarjvebda, damarcxebuli saxlSi miyavda da

mis mimarT damamcirebel zomebs mimarTavda. ̀ beqas samarTa-

li~ krZalavs aseT Cveulebas da miuTiTebs, rom gamarj-

vebuls `gamarjveba eyofa~ da damarcxebuls saxlSi nu

waiyvans Sesarcxvenad da nurc qonebas waarTmevs, winaaRm-

deg SemTxvevaSi `sisxlis naxevari dauurvos da waRebuli

qonebac uklebliv daabrunoso~.[9] xolo omSi datyvevebis

maregulirebeli imdroindeli samarTlis norma mocemulia

`mxiTar goSas samarTalSi~, kerZod, mis ocdamexuTe TavSi

naTqvamia:

`molaSqre kacman omSi vinc dainarCunos kaci, darComi-

lis kacis iaraRi, tanisamosi, cxeni, vinc dainarCunos, misi

iyos, da kaci, jaWvi da muzaradi xelmwifes miarTvan~.

[9, 388]

praqtikulad identurad aris gadawyvetili aRniSnuli

problema vaxtang meeqvsis samarTlis wignSi, sadac naT-

qvamia:

`laSqarSi danarCunebuls kacsa da iaraRze irCodnen,

misi ase iqnas. Tu kacman kaci dainarCunos cocxali, Tu

anu moklas, misi cxeni, iaraRi, tanisamosi damnarCuneblisa

aris; jaWvi, zuCi, muzaradi da amgvari xelmwifisa aris, _

mZime Tvali Tu margaliti~.[9, 525]

xolo materialuri mdgomareobis gamo adamianis monis

mdgomareobaSi Cavardnis damadasturebelia berZnul samar-

TalSi mocemuli muxli `Svilis gasyidvisaTvis~, sadac

naTqvamia:

ùkeTu vinmem Tavisis siRaribiT gayidos Svili, vaJi anu

qali, gasyidva igi daijerebis~.[8, 136]

anu adamians hqonda Tavisi Svilebis siRaribis gamo gayi-

dvis ufleba, magram aqve iyo daTqma, rom masve hqonda Svi-

lis ukan gamosyidvis uflebac Tu igi moaxerxebda sazRau-

ris gadaxdas an sanacvlod sxva ymis micemas da aseve myid-

vels ar hqonda bavSvebis sxvaze gadayidvis ufleba:

`magram msyidvelman man sxvagan ar unda gayidos da,

rodesac Tavisman patronma misi daxsna SeiZlos, unda isev

daaxsnevinos.

Tu fasi ar qondes, mis magier sxva yrma misces, da Tavisi

Svili isev daaxsnevinos. ukeTu msyidvelma misi Svili aRar

daaxsnevinos, mosamarTlem gamoarTvas da misces.~[8, 136].

Svilis gayidva moxsenebulia aseve samegrelos mTavris

daviT dadianis mier 1846 wlis 3 ivliss gamocemul brZa-

nebaSi `Svilis gasyidvis akrZalvis Sesaxeb~, sadac vkiTx-

ulobT:

èrTis kerZoobiTis SemTxvevisagan cnobil ars momx-

dari 1835 welSid mamisagan gasyidva Svilisa, rasa zeda

mebatones ganucxadebia Tanxmoba da xeli mouweria~. [13, 21]

imave brZanebiT daviT dadiani saqmis gamoZiebas iTxovs

da krZalavs msgavs SemTxvevebs, adamianebiT movaWreebs ki

mkacri sasjeliT emuqreba.

daviT dadianma aseve akrZala adamianis tyveobaSi Cavar-

dnis sxva xerxis gamoyenebac, kerZod adamianis dagiraveba.

man 1842 wlis 10 noembers gamosca brZaneba àdamianis dagi-

ravebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb~, sadac weria:

àRekrZalvis yovelTa eseviTari, romelni arian mama

Svilisa, gina Zma Zmasa da naTesavi naTesavsa, anu kaci sul-

sa ver daagiraveben.~[62, 33]

saqarTveloSi adamianebiT vaWrobam gansakuTrebiT masi-

uri da metad saSiSi xasiaTi XV da XVI saukuneebSi miiRo.

rasac mravali mizezi hqonda: am dros saqarTvelo ganicdi-

da dasavleTSi TurqeTisa da aRmosavleTiT iranis mZlavr

zegavlenas, gareSe mtrebis Semosevebis Sedegad saqarTve-

lo cal-calke samTavroebad iyo dayofili, xolo calkeu-

li qarTuli samTavroebis batonebi ver axerxebdnen saer-

14 15

To enis povnas, SekavSirebas da ufro metic, xSirad urTi-

erT qiSpobiT iyvnen dakavebulni, rasac qveynis aoxreba da

mosaxleobis awiokeba mosdevda. qveyanaSi ar arsebobda Zala

romelic pasuxismgebeli iqneboda mosaxleobis dacvaze da

qveyanaSi kanonierebis uzrunvelyofaze.

im periodisTvis gansakuTrebiT saSiSi saxe adamianebis,

ZiriTadad axalgazrdebis gatacebebma SeiZina. gatacebuli

mosaxleoba SemdgomSi qveynis gareT gahyavdaT da sxvadasxva

qveynis monaTa bazrebze didi warmatebiT yiddnen. gansakuT-

rebiT bevri qarTveli iyideboda stambulis da egviptis

bazrobebze, sadac qarTveli tyveebi didad fasobdnen.

frangi mogzauris Jan Sardenis cnobiT, meCvidmete sauk-

uneSi yovelwliurad marto samegrelodan sami aTasamde

tyve gahyavdaT osmaleTSi, sadac maTze gansakuTreblad

didi moTxovna iyo, maTi fizikuri monacemebidan da maTze

arsebuli zogadi warmodgenebidan gamomdinare, ris gamoc

samegrelos teritoriaze yvela nabijSi igrZnoboda tyvis

syidvis Sedegebi.[17]

gamoCenili mkvlevari Carlz darvini werda:

`sparseTis sisxli gakeTilSobilda ori erovnebis –

qarTvelebis da Cerqezebis sisxliT, romlebic yvela sxva

xalxebze lamazebi arian. sparseTSi TiTqmis ar aris arc

erTi warCinebuli, romlis deda qarTvelebis an Cerqezebis

STamomavali ar iyos.~[42]

ucxoeTSi gayiduli qarTveli mandilosani tyveebi Zir-

iTadad iranSi Sahebis da sxva sparseli didebulebis cole-

bad gvevlinebodnen da haramxanebSi hpovebdnen Rirseul

adgils, razec daviT baqraZe aRniSnavs, rom:

`mahmadiani Savi xalxebi Zlier etanebodnen Cvens xalxs,

qarTvelTa SvilebiT amSvenebdnen TavianT modgmas~.[2]

xolo mamrobiTi sqesis tyveebi ZiriTadad momaval egvip-

tel mamluqebad gvevlinebodnen. egvipteSi qarTveli tyvee-

bi yvela sxva eris warmomadgenlebze Zvirad fasobdnen.

aRsaniSnavia, rom meToTxmete saukunidan qarTvelebi egvip-

teSi mamluqebis umravlesobas Seadgendnen. 1381-1517 wlebSi

ki maTi raodenoba ise gaizarda da maT imxela simdidre da

Zalaufleba Caigdes xelSi, rom egviptis mmarTvelebi war-

moSobiT qarTveli, yofili mamluqebi, iyvnen.[7, 311]

Sua saukuneebis periodSi adamianebiT vaWrobaSi farTo

monawileobas iRebdnen qarTveli feodalebi, romelTac

piradi gamorCena ufro mniSvnelovan Rirebulebad miaCn-

daT, vidre TavianTi qveSevrdomebis sikeTe. istoria ase

moixseniebs zogierT qarTvel didebuls:

aleqsandre mefe (1683-1695 ww.) - cundruki, uRvTo tyvis

msyidveli;

mamia gurieli - `hyidda tyveTa gurulTa da aZlevda

imerTa;~

imereTSi giorgi abaSiZis mefobaze (1702-1707 ww.) - `ver-

avin ikadrebda ganyidvad tyvisa, Tvinier missa;~

gabriel Wyondideli - ùRvTo meZav-memruSe sodomi da

tyvis gamyidveli da savse borotiTa;~

svimon quTaTeli – `mRvdelmTavari iyo, magram tyveebiT

vaWrobda~.[14, 137-167]

saqarTvelos istoriis am periodSi, mdgomareoba imde-

nad saSiSi iyo, rom centraluri samefo xelisufleba iZu-

lebuli gaxda aqtiuri zomebi mieRo gamtacebelTa winaaR-

mdeg. am mxriv, upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia solomon

pirvelis moRvaweoba. man ̀ aRmokveTa kninRa orni didi borot-

moqmedebani sruliad imereTsa Sina, ese igi kacTa kvla da

mparvianoba~.[18, 671]

solomon pirvelma dasavleT saqarTvelos didebulebs:

kacia dadians, erisTav rostoms, mamia guriels, giorgi

batoniSvils, Teimuraz batoniSvils, dadianis Zes manuCars,

erisTav zaalSarvaSiZes Dda yvela sxva didebuli gvaris

16 17

warmomadgenlebs 1759 wlis 30 dekembers daadebina xelwerili

tyvis gausyidvelobis Taobaze, sadac mocemuli iyo Semde-

gi piroba:

`sanamdis suli gvidgas, es saqme Cvengan ar iqnes, arc

amaSi erTmaneTs usustoT, kidec erTmaneTs moudgeT, kidec

mefe solomonis morCil da brZanebis aRmasrulebeli viqneT

da gulis wmindiT erTmaneTs moudgeT amaze, da aras Sewu-

xebisa da gaWirvebisTvis Cven erTmaneTs ar vumtyunoT da

am saqmezed Cveni Tavi ar daviSuroT, da am saqmeSid Cvens

xelmwifes mefe solomons ar gisustoT da arc amisTana

saSineli codva Cvengan iqnes. ase piroba da sityva mogvirT-

mevia RmrTisa da kacisaTvis.

aw vinc da ramac Zeman kacisaman es SeeSalos, didman an

mcireman, isimc SeiSlebis sjulisa da usjulosa mecniere-

bisagan; masamc risxavs Tavad dausabamo RmerTi da yovelni

amaT zemowerilni wmindani zecisani da qveynisani, xor-

cielni da uxorconi; masac edebis keTri gezisa, SiSTvili

iudasi, Zrwola kaenisa, mextexiloba deoskoresi, danTqma

daTan da abironisi~.[10, 714]

gvian Suasaukuneebis saqarTveloSi adamianTa vaWrobasTan

brZolaSi dadebiTi roli Seasrula ,,kaTalikosTa samar-

Talma~, romelic krZalavda adamianebiT vaWrobas da masze

mkacr sasjels iTvaliswinebda.

,,kaTalikosTa samarTalis~ wignis pirvelive muxli eT-

moba adamianTa vaWrobas da Camoyalibebulia Semdegnairad:

`kacis syidvisa ese gavaCineT

ramanc kacman kaci gayidos, anu didman, anu mcireman, anu

Tavadman, anu aznaurman, da an glexman, wmindaTa krebulT-

agan SeCuenebul iyos da ganxdili.

rasac kacs marTliT gankiTxviTa da gamoZiebiTa kacis

syidva gamoaCndes, Tu is kaci daixsnas da moiyuanos, missa

saydarsa da episkoposs dauurvos, ra erTic Zal-edvas,

damklebis ufalsaca dauurvos.

da Tu ver moiyuanos, vin ginda vin iyos, TavadisSvili

unda aznaurSvili, unda glexi, maSinc veram saqmem ver

ixsnas, ukanonodca ars, _ Zelsa mieces.

da vinc qrTami aiRos da ar CamoarCos, SeCuenebul iyos

wmidaTa krebulTagan da kanonsamca queSe aris wmindaTa

mociqulTasa~.[8, 393]

aRniSnuli norma iyo pirveli SemTxveva saqarTveloSi

moqmed kanonSi adamianebiT vaWrobisTvis sikvdiliT dasjis

Setanis mxriv.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am kanonis normebi vrceldeboda mx-

olod saqarTvelos qveSevrdomebze, igi krZalavda mxolod

qarTvelebiT vaWrobas. amasTan kanoni aregulirebda adami-

anebiT vaWrobis sakiTxebs, igi ar krZalavda saqarTveloSi

tyveebis Semoyvanas da maT qristianebad moqcevas. sakiTx-

isadmi aseTi midgoma gasagebi iyo eklesiis midgomebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic iwonebda ucxo rjulis adami-

anebis moqcevas marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebaze. Sesabam-

isad, ,,kaTalikosTa samarTalis~ wignis safuZvelze xSiri

iyo Turqis an iranelis pasuxisgebaSi micema, romlebic

stambulis bazarze yidulobdnen saqarTvelos qveSevrdomebs.

tyveTa syidvis akrZalvasTan erTad saqarTvelos zogi-

erT regionSi SemoRebul iqna begara tyveobaSi Cavardnilebis

dasaxmareblad da aseve maT gamosasyidad, romelsac `saty-

veo~ ewodeboda, rac centraluri xelisuflebis politikis

xazis maCvenebeli ufro iyo, vidre realuri qmediTi RonisZ-

ieba. msgavsi gadasaxadebiT ivseboda erekle meores mier

1789 wels Seqmnili specialuri fondi lekTa mier `wartyv-

nili da daRestansa da iranSi gayiduli qarTvelebis dasax-

snelad~.

glexoba, romelic yvelaze dazaralebul fenas warmoad-

genda, Tavis mxriv sakuTari ZalebiT ebrZoda adamianTa

gamtaceblebs, risi magaliTicaa dasavleT saqarTveloSi

18 19

damnaSaveebis gamosatexad ordalebis `RvTis msjavris~ –

SanTis da mduRaris gamoyenebis praqtika.[12, 417-423] aseve

cnobilia glexebis mier tyveebiT movaWreTa cecxlze dawvis

faqtebic.[49, 170-171]

amave istoriuli epoqis saqarTveloSi adamianiT vaWrobas

adasturebs mravali cnobili istoriuli Tu literatu-

ruli Txzuleba, iseTebi rogorebicaa: anton furcelaZis

`maci xvitia~, iakob gogebaSvilis ìavnanam ra hqmna~,

k. TaTaraSvilis `mamluqi~, grigol rCeuliSvilis `Tamar-

iani~, daviT guramiSvilis `qarTlis cxovreba~ da misi

cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba – igi 1728 wels lekebma

daatyveves da gayidvis mizniT daRestnis sofel osoqolo-

Si damwyvdeuli hyavdaT.

adamianiT vaWrobis problemas naSromebi miuZRvnes

qarTvelma mecnierebma da mkvlevarebma: ivane javaxiSvilma,

eqvTime TayaiSvilma, daviT baqraZem, s. kakabaZem, n. dadianma,

i. nebieriZem, s. makalaTiam, m. TamaraSvilma, p. guguSvilma,

n. berZeniSvilma, i. meunargiam, m. dumbaZem, v. gabaSvilma,

o. soseliam, i. doliZem, s. nebieriZem, S. burjanaZem,

g. ZiZariam, m. rexviaSvilma, a. kilasoniam da sxvebma, rac

problemis mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs.

saqarTveloSi `tyvis syidvasTan~ dakavSirebiT mdgomar-

eoba Seicvala 1802 wlis Semdeg, rodesac saqarTvelo gax-

da ruseTis administraciuli erTeuli da saqarTvelos

kanonebma, maT Soris saeklesio kanonebmac dakarges Zala.

ruseTis xelisuflebam, akrZala adamianebiT vaWroba,

magram miuxedavad amisa, saqarTveloSi kidev did xans

grZeldeboda adamianebis gatacebebi maTi monebad gayidvis

mizniT. am periodisTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo batonebis

mxridan qveSevrdomebis gayidvis Semcireba da TiTqmis gaqro-

ba, sanacvlod aRniSnul periodSi gaaqtiurdnen CrdiloeT

kavkasiis xalxebi, romlebic veragulad esxmodnen Tavs

qarTul soflebs, maTi aoxrebis da maT Soris mosaxle-

obis gatacebis mizniT.

sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobisas, adamianebiT vaWroba praq-

tikulad ar warmoebda, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis siZli-

eris, yovelmxrivi kontrolis meqanizmebis srulyofis,

sazRvrebis Caketilobis, dasaqmebis da adamianTa social-

ur-materialuri donis gaumjobesebis _ SedarebiT gaTanab-

rebis gamo, magram ar SeiZleba ar avRniSnoT, rom sabWoTa

kavSiris Znelad-xelmisawvdom regionebSi trefikingis

dRevandeli gagebiT mocul qmedebebs mravlad qonda

adgili, maT Soris saqarTvelos teritoriazec – zemo

svaneTis, mTiani aWaris Tu sxva maRalmTian regionebSi,

rac sazogadoebisTvis kargad cnobil faqts warmoadgenda.

saqarTvelosTvis viTareba radikalurad Semobrunda da

adamianiT vaWroba – trefikingi kvlav aqtualuri da

sazogadoebisTvis cnobili problema gaxda sabWoTa kav-

Siris daSlis Semdeg, rodesac daiwyo saxelmwifos wyobis

dezorganizaciisken mimarTuli politikuri, ekonomikuri

da demografiuli procesebi, gaCaRda egreT wodebuli

eTnikuri konfliqtebi da masTan dakavSirebuli uaryofiTi

movlenebi, romelebmac mTlianad Secvales sazogadoebrivi

cxovreba saqarTveloSi.

saqarTvelos ekonomika aRmoCnda uunaro gaeZlo saerTa-

Soriso sazRvrebis gaRebisTvis da sabazro principebze

gadasvlisTvis. qarTul sawarmoTa umravlesoba awarmoeb-

da arakonkurentunarian produqcias, ris gamoc maTi umrav-

lesoba gakotrda qveynis damoukideblobis miRebis da

ekonomikis saerTo sabWoTa sqemidan gamosvlisTanave.

qveyana warmoCinda rogorc importiori saxelmwifo, sa-

dac TiTqmis araferi iwarmoeboda. saqarTvelos eqsportis

umetesi nawili jarTze da xis morebze modioda.

20 21

qveyanaSi ekonomikis ganadgurebam gamoiwvi totaluri

umuSevroba. mozRvavebulma umuSevrobam, ki kriminogenuli

viTarebis gauareseba. gaizarda danaSaulTa saerTo

maCveneblebi. yovelive zemoTaRniSnulis fonze, qveyanaSi

fulis Sovnis umTavres wyarod sxvadasxva band-formirebebSi

gawevrianeba mogvevlina. am band-formirebebs qveyana da-

yofili hqondaT samoqmedo teritoriebad da eweodnen konk-

retul samoqmedo arialSi arsebuli dawesebulebis da

mosaxleobis daSantaJeba - gamoZalvas.

saqarTvelos centraluri xelisufleba gaxda uunaro

da arc cdilobda dapirispireboda qveyanaSi moTareSe ze-

moTxsenebuli saxis band-formirebebs, igi ZiriTadad da-

winaurebuli formirebis gavlenis qveS eqceoda, ufro

swored warmoadgenda mas da misTvis saWiro politikas

atarebda.

1992 wels ki moxda samwuxaro faqti - samoqalaqo omi,

romelic pirvel rigSi aseTi dajgufebebis xelisuflebis

xelSi Casagdebad brZolas warmoadgenda.

am periodSi ruseTis daxmarebiT da uSualo miTiTebiT,

eTnikurma separatistulma bandebma provocireba gaukeTes

viTomda eTnikur konfliqtebs, razec wamoego saqarTve-

los centraluri xelisufleba. separatistebTan dapiri-

spirebam gamoiwvia centraluri xelisuflebisgan arakon-

trolirebadi teritoriebis warmoqmna Sida qarTlSi da

afxazeTSi.

qveyanaSi daiZra Sida migraciuli procesebi, iZulebiT

sakuTari sacxovreblidan gaZevebul iqna 300 000-ze meti

adamiani zemoTxsenebuli regionebidan, romlebic Ziri-

Tadad saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi iqcnen ltolvile-

bad. aseve rTuli viTareba iyo aWaris avtonomiur respub-

likaSi da samcxe-javaxeTSi, sadac ruseTis samxedro baze-

bi idgnen da am regionebSic aRvivebdnen separatistuli

moZraobas, magram ar Cqarobdnen iq arsebuli mdgomareobis

eTnikur konfliqtSi gadayvanas, radgan es daZabuloba maT-

Tvis koziri iyo saqarTvelos xelisuflebaSi mosul

pirTa dasaSantaJeblad da samarTavad.[16]

yvelaferma aRniSnulma gamoiwvia mosaxleobis ukidure-

si gaRatakeba. `cxovrebis done saqarTveloSi 1988 wlidan

1998 wlamde Semcirda 7-jer, mTliani Sida produqti - 2,250

dolaridan 370 dolaramde weliwadSi erT sul mosaxleze

gadaangariSebiT, ris Sedegad mosaxleobis 80%-mde aRmoC-

nda siRaribis zRvars qvemoT, Rebuloben ra saarsebo mini-

mumze naklebs, daaxloebiT 50 dolars TveSi~.[66]

damoukideblobis mopovebam, ekonomikurma kolafsma,

totalurma umuSevrobam da siRatakem 90-iani wlebis

saqarTveloSi wamoWra prostituciis da quCis mawanwala -

zedamxedvelobis gareSe darCenili bavSvebis problema,

romelic sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis pirobebSi miCumaTebuli

iyo da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sazogadoebisTvis arc arse-

bobda.

saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT TbilisSi da TurqeTTan

mimdebare qalaqebSi, didi siswrafiT gavrcelda prosti-

tucia, rogorc organizebuli danaSaulis erT-erTi Ziri-

Tadi saqmianoba. gaizarda meZavTa TavSeyris adgilebis

raodenoba da quCis prostitutTa ricxvi, ris Sedegadac

statistikis departamentis da janmrTelobis da social-

uri dacvis saministros monacemebze dayrdnobiT, `1990

wlidan – 1999 wlamde xuTjer gaizarda veneriul daavade-

bulTa ricxvi~.

Seqmnili saerTo socialuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare,

bevri bavSvi gaxda mawanwala, romlebic Tavs irCenen maTx-

ovrobiT da qurdobiT. damoukidebeli organizaciis ,,bavS-

vebi da garemocva~-s monacemebiT TbilisSi 2006 wels dafiq-

sirebuli iyo 2500-ze meti usaxlkaro bavSvi, romlebsac ar

22 23

gaaCndaT saxelmwifo daxmareba. Catarebuli kvlevebis Sed-

egad q. TbilisSi quCis bavSvebis raodenoba 1100-dan 1200-

mde meryeobda, romelTagan 70% TbilisSi macxovrebeli,

18% - sxvadasxva raionebidan Camosuli gaxldaT, 12% - ki,

ltolvili iyo. usaxlkaroTa saSualo asaki 13 wels Sead-

genda. maTxovarTa 87% sakuTar Semosavals mTlianad an

nawilobriv Tavis mSoblebs aZlevdnen. am bavSvebis 54% ar

icodnen wera da kiTxva, 22% ar muSaobda da arc swavlob-

da, 42% qonda garkveuli problemebi janmrTelobasTan, 24%

eweoda sigarets , 2% alkogolizmiT iyo dakavebuli, amde-

nive narkomaniiT. yvelaferi es maT momavalSi potenciur

trefikingis msxverplad gaxdomas uqadda.

qveyanaSi ekonomikis ar arsebobam, siRatakem, mosaxleo-

bis yovelmxriv daucvelobam, ganukiTxaobam da Sida omeb-

ma, 1990-ian wlebis saqarTveloSi, aseve gamoiwvies mTeli

rigi uaryofiTi migraciuli da demografiuli procesebi:

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sayovelTao aRweris monace-

mebze dayrdnobiT 1987 wlidan 2003 wlamde saqarTvelos

mosaxleoba Semcirda 5,6 milionidan 4,5 milionamde - anu

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba Semcirda 1,1 milioniT – 25 pro-

centiT, rac calsaxad unda CaiTvalos demografiul katas-

trofad. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom es Semcireba ZiriTadad

axalgazrda, Sromisunarian mosaxleobis xarjze moxda.

aRniSnuli Semcireba metwilad dakavSirebuli iyo sazR-

vargareT dasaqmebis mizniT Sromisunariani mosaxleobis

gadinebasTan, saidanac, savsebiT marTebulia vivaraudoT,

rom migrantTa erTi nawili eqceoda arakeTilsindisieri

eqsploataciis qveS, radgan maT ar icodnen trefikingis,

rogorc movlenis arsebobis Sesaxeb, televizia ki ucxoeT-

is rig saxelmwifoebs ukeTebda iseT imijs, TiTqosda

pirovnebisTvis iq moxvedra iyo garantia da sakmarisi Semdgo-

mi uzrunveli cxovrebisTvis.

sasowarkveTili Sromisunariani mosaxleobis nawili,

masmediis gavlenis gaTvaliswinebiT, gulubryvilod endo-

boda maTTvis arakeTilsindisier damsaqmeblebis mier daxa-

tul naTeli da uzrunveli momavlis suraTebs ucxo saxel-

mwifoebSi, rac satyuaras warmoadgenda sasowarkveTili

mosaxleobis dasayolieblad.

1991-2003 wlebSi, rodesac zemoTxsenebuli movlenebi

angrevdnen qveyanas, naTelia, rom adamianTa trefikingis

msxverplad saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa xilva arc Tu ise

warmoudgeneli iqneboda, magram adamianebiT vaWrobis laten-

turobis gaTvaliswinebiT da mis Sesaxeb mosaxleobaSi

codnis ar arsebobis kvalobaze SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom masze

naTeli warmodgena aravis hqonda da arc aravin cdilobda

xelisuflebidan adamianiT vaWroba – trefikingis winaaRm-

deg raime zomebis gatarebas da dResdReisobiT SeiZleba

mxolod varaudis doneze visaubroT 1990-ian wlebSi

trefikingis formebze, mis gavrcelebaze da saerTod tre-

fikingis arseboba - ar arsebobaze.

aRsaniSnavia, rom trefikingi adamianebs ekideba, rogorc

gasayid an SesaZen nivTs, romlic Tanamedrove pirobebSi

SeiZleba Caaba iZulebiT SromaSi, Cveulebriv, seqsualur

industriaSi, Tumca trefikingis msxverplT xSirad agreTve

iyeneben soflis meurneobis seqtorSi, legalur Tu arale-

galur samewarmeo saqmianobaSi, samxedro konfliqtebSi

kombatantebad, organoTa donorebad, surogat dedebad, Tu

ubralod wamebis obieqtebad. maTi gamoyenebis sferoebi

dRiTidRe matulobs da mravalferovani xdeba.

rogorc vxedavT, adamianiT vaWroba - trefikingis saxis

qmedebebs sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi sxvadasxva saxeli

da specifika gaaCnda, magram mTeli istoriis manZilze ad-

amianis Cagvra Cveulebriv sayovelTaod misaReb movlenas

24 25

warmoadgenda da ar iwvevda sazogadoebis uaryofiT Se-

fasebas.

ocdameerTe saukunis damdegs momxdarma epoqalurma te-

qnologiurma siaxleebma Tavisi gavlena moaxdines adami-

anTa moRvaweobis yvela sferoze. Tanamedrove pirobebSi,

msoflios rig qveynebSi adgili aqvs axali tipis monuri

Sromis gamoyenebas, romelic Zvelisgan gansxvavdeba imiT,

rom Tanamedrove xerxebis da meTodebis gamoyenebidan

gamomdinare adamianis damoneba ufro iafi da xelmisawv-

domi gaxda.

Zveli tipis monoba moicavda adamianis iuridiul mflo-

belobas, mis SeZenas, rac sakmao materialur saxsrebs moiTx-

ovda, iseve, rogorc monis Semdgomi movlis valdebulebas.

SeZenili monis daRupva gulisxmobda garkveuli materi-

aluri zianis miRebas mflobelisaTvis, vinaidan masSi

investirebuli materialuri saxsrebi ikargeboda.

rac Seexeba Tanamedrove, ocdameerTe saukunis monobas,

aq msxverplis dauflebis formebis umravlesobidan gamom-

dinare eqspluatatori ar ixdis pirovnebis damonebisTvis

TiTqmis arafers da damonebis inovaciuri xerxebidan

gamomdinare am qmedebisTvis mas iuridiuli pasuxismgeblo-

bis dadgomis safrTxec TiTqmis ar emuqreba. msxverplis

damorCilebis upirveles saxes Tanamedrove pirobebSi mo-

tyueba da iZuleba warmoadgens.

dRevandel pirobebSi problemas warmoadgens trefik-

ingis is Tviseba, rom Cadebuli danaxarjebis simciris faq-

ti trefikiorTaTvis ar warmoSobs damonebuli pirovnebis

movlis valdebulebas. ocdameerTe saukunis monebisTvis

amerikelma mecnierma kevin beilsma Camoayaliba axali de-

finicia - `disposable people~ - romelic SeiZleba vTargmnoT

rogorc - èrTjeradi gamoyenebis adamianebi~, raSic man

igulisxma, rom Zveli epoqisgan gansxvavebiT Tanamedrove

pirobebSi msxverplTa umowyalod gamoyeneba xdeba maTi

sicocxlis bolomde da pirovnebis gardacvalebis dadgo-

mis faqts eqspluatatoris mxridan araviTari mniSvneloba

ar eniWeba, investirebuli saxsrebis simciris da gardacvli-

lis sanacvlod axali msxverplis ioli xelmisawvdomobis

gaTvaliswinebiT.[30]

unda iTqvas, rom msxverpli gardacvalebis Semdegac

SeiZleba iqces trefikiorisaTvis Semosavlis wyarod. Tana-

medrove pirobebSi igi faseulobas warmoadgens rogorc

organoTa donori.

da bolos, unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod meoce saukunis

demokratiulma transformaciam – adamianis uflebebis, maTi

Tanasworobis, SromiTi uflebebis da pirobebis aRiarebam

moaxdina adamianTa trefikingis saxis qmedebebis dagmoba,

maT winaaRmdeg brZolis wamowyeba da Cveulebrivi movlenidan

kriminalis CarCoebSi moqceva.

saerTaSoriso masStabiT trefikingis organizebul dan-

aSaulad Camoyalibebas da sayovelTao gavrcelebas xeli

Seuwyo bolo ramodenime aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi mimdinare

saerTaSoriso movlenebma, maT Soris yofili sabWoTa kav-

Siris sivrcis daSlam da axali calkeuli saxelmwifoebis

warmoSobam, aseve sazRvrebis gaxsnam da maTi daculobis

Sesustebam.

egreT wodebuli rkinis fardis moSlam da post-sabWoTa

sivrceSi ekonomikis stagnaciam gamoiwvia is, rom eko-

nomikurad ganviTarebul qveynebs miawyda aRmosavleT evro-

pasa da yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebidan emigrirebul-

Ta didi nakadi kargad anazRaurebadi samuSaosa da cx-

ovrebis ukeTesi pirobebis molodiniT, ramac arnaxuli biZgi

misca TiTqosda ,,miviwyebul~ danaSauls _ adamianebiT

vaWrobas – trefikings.

26 27

trefikingis danaSaulma gavrcelebis masStabiTa da Ca-

denili danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis saSiSroebiT, agreTve

misgan miRebuli ukanono Semosavlebis odenobiT, saerTa-

Soriso kvlevebis mixedviT, rogorc cnobilia, narkotike-

biTa da iaraRiT vaWrobis Semdeg msoflioSi mesame adg-

ili daikava.

adamianebiT vaWroba dRevandel msoflioSi Zalze seri-

ozul problemas warmoadgens. yovelwliurad aTasobiT

adamiani, umetesad qalebi da bavSvebi, xdebian seqsualuri

eqspluataciisa Tu sxva mizniT ukanono vaWrobis msxver-

plni sakuTar Tu ucxo qveynebSi.

yvela saerTaSoriso kvleva miuTiTebs msxverplTa raode-

nobis zrdaze, àrsebuli sarwmuno wyaroebis monacemebiT,

trefikingSi CarTuli danaSaulebrivi organizaciebi yovel-

wliurad, Raribi qveynebidan mdidari qveynebis mimarTulebiT

milionamde adamianis aralegalur eqsports axorciele-

ben.~[60]

adamianebiT ukanono vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZola msof-

lio masStabiT ipyrobs yuradRebas, vinaidan safrTxes uqmnis

demokratiul sazogadoebisTvis savaldebulo adamianis

uflebebs da ZiriTad faseulobebs.

msoflio ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze adamianebiT

ukanono vaWrobis gamovlenil msxverplTa umetesoba qalebia,

gansxvavebiT wina saukuneebisagan, rodesac mamrobiTi sqe-

sis warmomadgenlebi ufro moTxovnadi iyvnen da Sesabamis-

ad msxverplTa umravlesobas isini warmoadgendnen. garda

amisa, amJamad msxverplTa Soris didi wili axalgazrdebze

modis. yvela maTgani ganwirulia umZimesi cxovrebisTvis,

maT sicocxles angrevs eqspluatacia sxva adamianebis mxri-

dan da am adamianebis gaumaZRroba.

Tu adreul periodSi monobaSi Cavardna ZiriTadad ucxo

saxelmwifoSi gadayvaniT da iq eqsploataciiT xdeboda,

dResdReisobiT adamianTa trefikings adgili aqvs Sida

saxelmwifoebrivadac, erTi regionidan sxva regionis mima-

rTulebiT, ZiriTadad bunebrivi pirobebis gamo Znelad

xelmisawvdom moSorebul regionebisaken, sadac Znelad

xorcieldeba saxelmwifo saxelisuflebo kontroli, rogor-

icaa magaliTad saqarTveloSi: zemo svaneTi, aWaris mTi-

aneTi, samcxe-javaxeTi, qvemo qarTli da sxva sasazRvro

regionebi, romlebic wlis umetes periodSi meteorologiuri

pirobebis gamo gare samyaros mowyvetilia.

aseve dResdReisobiT adamianiT vaWrobisTvis metad mim-

zidvelia saxelmwifo xelisuflebis kontrols mowyvetili

regionebi, konfliqtis zonebi, rogoricaa saqarTvelos

magaliTze ruseTis mier okupirebuli afxazeTi da egreT

wodebuli samxreT oseTi, sadac ar moqmedebs arc qarTuli

arc saerTaSoriso kanonmdebloba Tu saxelisuflebo kon-

troli da sadac ZiriTadad Zaladobis msxverpls eTni-

kurad qarTveli mosaxleoba warmoadgens.

$ 2. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis cneba

a) saerTaSoriso samarTlis aqtebis mixedviT

adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) cnebis Camoyalibebas

da am movlenis winaaRmdeg mimarTul saqmianobas saerTa-

Soriso masStabiT saukuneze meti xnis istoria gaaCnia.

dawyebuli 1904 wlidan saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba cdi-

lobs gabneuli codnis Sejerebas, adamianTa trefikingis

gamocanis nawilebis Tavmoyras, Semecnebas da am gziT mis

amoxsnas.

saerTaSoriso sazogadoebam, adamianTa trefikingis

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis sawyis

etapze, ixelmZRvanela ra segmenturi midgomiT, ufleba-

dacviTi RonisZiebebi gaatara miznobrivi jgufebis dasaca-

vad, rogoric iyo TeTri kanisferis qalebi da adamianTa

28 29

trefikingis gamovlinebis zogierTi formis winaaRmdeg,

magaliTad seqs trefikingis, xolo Semdgom, etapobrivad,

adamianTa trefikingze akumulirebuli codnis da mis winaaR-

mdeg moqmedebis SesaZleblobis gaZlierebasTan erTad,

moicva Tanamedrove gagebiT adamianTa trefikingis cnebaSi

arsebuli sul ufro da ufro meti elementebi.[34, 26]

miuxedavad gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis mier Seje-

rebuli da saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli definiciis arsebo-

bisa, adamianiT vaWrobis cnebis Camoyalibebis procesi dasru-

lebulad ar SeiZleba miviCnioT. kvlavac aRmoCdeba adami-

anTa trefikingis is axali, aqamde ucnobi niSan Tvisebebi

Tu gamovlenis formebi, romlebic dRes moqmedi defini-

ciis gadaxedvis valdebulebas momavalSic warmoSoben, rac

evoluciuri procesia da damaxasiaTebelia nebismieri

mecnierebisaTvis, romlebic valdebuli arian ar CamorCnen

Sesaswavli movlenis ganviTarebas.

saerTaSoriso samarTlis aqtebs, romlebic exebian ad-

amianTa trefikingis problemas, sadac gadmocemulia am

aqtebis SemuSavebis periodisTvis adamianTa trefikingze

arsebuli msoflmxedveloba da Sesabamisad SeiZleba Seviq-

mnaT warmodgena aqtebis gamocemis droisTvis adamianTa

trefikingis definiciasTan dakavSirebiT, warmoadgenen:

1. 1904 wlis 18 maisis saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba

`TeTri adamianebis monobasTan brZolis Sesaxeb;~

2. 1910 wlis saerTaSoriso konvencia `TeTri adami-

anebis monobasTan brZolis Sesaxeb;~

3. 1921 wlis 30 seqtembris saerTaSoriso konvencia

`qalebiT da bavSvebiT vaWrobasTan brZolis Sesaxeb;~

4. 1926 wlis konvencia `monobis Sesaxeb;~

5. 1930 wlis Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis kon-

vencia ìZulebiTi Sromis Sesaxeb;~

6. 1933 wlis 11 oqtombris saerTaSoriso konvencia

`srulwlovani qalebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg;~

7. 1948 wlis 10 dekembris gaeros ̀ adamianTa uflebebis

sayovelTao deklaracia;~

8. 1949 wlis Jenevis konvencia àdamianebiT vaWrobisa

da mesame piris mier prostituciis eqspluataciasTan brZo-

lis Sesaxeb;~

9. 2000 wlis 15 noembers miRebuli gaeros konvencia

`transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg~

da misi damatebiTi oqmi ̀ adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa

da bavSvebis trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da

dasjis Sesaxeb~, miRebuli 2000 wlis 12 dekembers;

10. èvropuli konvencia adamianebiT ukanono vaWrobis

winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb~ evrosabWos konvencia, miRebuli

varSavaSi 2005 wlis 16 maiss.

aRsaniSnavia, rom zemoTxsenebuli dokumentebi sxvadasxva

saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv mowyobis da pirobebis gaTval-

iswinebiT Seiqmna.

pirveli ori dokumenti (1904 wlis 18 maisis saerTaSoriso

xelSekruleba `TeTri adamianebis monobasTan brZolis

Sesaxeb~ da 1910 wlis saerTaSoriso konvencia ̀ TeTri adami-

anebis monobasTan brZolis Sesaxeb~) warmoadgens egreT

wodebul `konsolidirebuli SeTanxmebis~ nimuSs - qveynebs

Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebebis saxes, romelic gavrcele-

buli iyo 1648 wlis vestfaliis SeTanxmebidan 1919 wlamde

- erTa ligis Seqmnamde 270 wlian periodSi, romelic cno-

bilia rogorc `Zveli diplomatiis~ xana. am xanaSi qveynebs

Soris diplomatiuri urTierTobi xorcieldeboda da maTi

mTavari niSani iyo rezidenti elCebis (saubaria pirebze,

romlebic mudmivad cxovroben mimReb saxelmwifoSi uSu-

alod arian saqmis kursSi iq arsebul viTarebaze da saWiro-

ebis SemTxvevaSi maTi warmoSobis saxelmwifos interesebs

axorcieleben) uSualo da eqskluziuri moRvaweoba qvey-

nebs Soris informaciis gacvlis da saerTaSoriso SeT-

anxmebebis dadebis procesSi.[28]

30 31

1904 wlis ̀ TeTri adamianebis monobasTan brZolis Sesaxeb~

xelSekruleba warmoadgens evro-centrul dokuments, mis

iniciatorebi arian evropis qveynebi, radgan im droisTvis

evropa iTvleboda adamianTa trefikingis msxverplTa war-

moSobis da aseve maTi eqsploataciis regionad, rac Ziri-

Tadad seqsualuri eqsploataciis formas iRebda, xolo

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi am SeTanxmebas SeuerTda 1908

wels. es xelSekruleba, rogorc saTauridanac Cans, exe-

boda mxolod garkveul eTnikur jgufs – evropuli rasis

adamianebs. igi icavda mxolod mdedrobiTi sqesis war-

momadgenlebs da mxolod seqsualuri eqsploataciis sfe-

ros exeboda.

1904 wlis xelSekrulebiT, qveynebi valdebulebas iRebdnen

SeeqmnaT qalTa trefikingis winaaRmdeg saerTaSoriso

koordinaciisTvis pasuxismgebeli organo, aRekveTaT saeW-

vo qalbatonebis gadasvla sazRvarze, risTvisac ewarmoe-

binaT rinigzis sadgurebis, portebis da sxva TavSeyris

adgilebis kontroli da informaciis saerTaSoriso gacv-

la saeWvo pirebze, moexdinaT im qalbatonebis repatria-

cia, romlebic survils gamoTqvamdnen dabrunebuliyvnen

TavianT samSobloSi da Tu maT saamiso saxsrebi ar gaaCn-

daT, saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebda moexdinaT mgzavrobis

dafinanseba.[108]

1910 wlis ̀ TeTri adamianebis monobasTan brZolis Sesax-

eb~ konvencia, iseve rogorc 1904 wlis SeTanxmeba, exeboda

mxolod evropis qveynebs da mis koloniebs, aRsaniSnavia,

rom amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi ar warmoadgenda am kon-

venciaze xelmomwer mxares gansxvavebiT 1904 wlis xelSek-

rulebisagan.

1910 wlis ̀ TeTri adamianebis monobasTan brZolis Sesax-

eb~ konvenciis Tanaxmad qveynebi valdebuli iyvnen daesa-

jaT pirovneba, romelic seqsualuri eqspluataciisaTvis

gamoiyenebda qals an 20 wlamde gogonas, imisda miuxedavad,

Tu romeli qveynis teritoriaze moxdeboda am saxis qmede-

bis ganxorcieleba, an qmedebis nawili da ra xerxebs gam-

oiyenebda damnaSave qalis xelSi Casagdebad – motyuebas,

fizikur zewolas da Tugind mis nebayoflobiT Tanxmobas.

qveynebi konvenciis Tanaxmad valdebulni iyvnen kanonm-

deblobaSi SeetanaT konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-

Saulis dasasjelad saWiro cvlilebebi.[109]

erTa ligis Camoyalibebis Semdgom, 1919 wlidan, saerTa-

Soriso samarTlis dokumentebis Seqmna xdeba sxvadasxva

saerTaSoriso organizaciebis meSveobiT.

1921 wlis 30 seqtembris erTa ligis farglebSi miRebul-

ma saerTaSoriso konvenciam `qalebiT da bavSvebiT

vaWrobasTan brZolis Sesaxeb~ gaafarTova adamianTa tre-

fikingTan brZolis geografiuli farglebi, moicva TiTq-

mis yvela qveyana, magram kvlav aSS-m Tavi Seikava mis xel-

moweraze.

1921 wlis konvencia ar exeboda yvela adamians ganurCev-

lad sqesisa da asakisa da moicavda mxolod mdedrobiT

sqesis ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebs, magram 1910 wlis

konvenciisgan gansxvavebiT ukve orive sqesis 22 wlamde

axalgazrdebs moicavda.

manamde arsebuli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebisgan

gansxvavebiT 1921 wlis konvenciiT qalebis da bavSvebis

saerTaSoriso gadaadgilebis daculoba da kontroli

savaldebulo iyo ara mxolod uSualod sadgurebsa da

portebSi, rogorc es 1904 wlis xelSekrulebiT iyo gaTval-

iswinebuli, aramed moZrav xomaldebzec da matareble-

bzec mTeli mgzavrobis ganmavlobaSi, razec savaldebulo

kontroli wesdeboda.[110]

monobasTan brZolis saqmeSi metad mniSvnelovani funq-

cia daekisra 1926 wlis konvencias `monobis Sesaxeb~, rom-

32 33

liTac mxareebi Tanxmdebodnen, rom Seecdebodnen monobis

yvela gamovlenis aRmofxvras. aq Camoyalibebuli monobis

definicia gaxda adamianTa trefikingis Tanamedrove

definiciis safuZveli. kerZod, aRniSnuli konvenciis pirvel

muxlSi monoba ganmartebulia, rogorc adamianis mdgomare-

oba, romlis mimarTac gamoiyeneba kerZo sakuTrebisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli Zalaufleba. xolo imave muxlis meore

abzacSi monobiT vaWroba ganmartebulia, rogorc yovelg-

vari moqmedeba, romelic dakavSirebulia adamianis SeZenas-

Tan an mis xelSi sxvagvarad CagdebasTan, an mis gankargvas-

Tan. aseve zemoTaRniSnulis ganxorcielebisTvis Cadenili

yovelgvari moqmedeba – gadazidva, gacvla, motyueba, yidva-

gayidva iTvleba monebiT vaWrobad.

am konvenciis Tanaxmad qveynebs ekisrebaT valdebuleba

akrZalon adamianebiT vaWroba, monaTmflobeloba, valde-

bulebi arian gaakontrolon TavianTi teritoriuli wyle-

bi da sahaero sivrce, raTa aRikveTos monebis transportire-

ba. [111]

rac Seexeba 1930 wlis Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis

konvencias ̀ iZulebiTi Sromis Sesaxeb~, igi krZalavs yovel-

gvar iZulebiT Sromas, adgens saxelmwifo organoebis mier

iZulebiTi Sromis gamoyenebis farglebs da gamoyenebis

sferoebs, krZalavs mdedrobiTi sqesis da aseve arasrul-

wlovanebis iZulebiT Sromas. konvencia saxelmwifos mier

kanonierebis farglebSi gamoyenebul iZulebiTi Sromis

(saomari mdgomareobis dros, damnaSaveebisaTvis) maqsimalur

vadas zRudavs 60 dRiT weliwadis ganmavlobaSi da aseve

mouwodebs mxareebs iZulebiT Sromad janmrTelobisTvis

saxifaTo samuSaoebis daniSvnisgan Tavis Sekavebisken.[112]

1933 wlis 11 oqtombris saerTaSoriso konvenciis `srul-

wlovan qalTa vaWrobis winaaRmdeg~ arsi mdgomareobda imaSi,

rom man trefikingis cneba ganavrco yvela mdedrobiTi sqe-

sis warmomadgenelze, yuradReba gaamaxvila sazRvris gada-

kveTis faqtis mniSvnelobaze da aseve msxverplis Tanxmo-

bis mniSvnelobis arqonaze danaSaulis dasjadobisTvis.

aRniSnulma konvenciam dasjad qmedebad aRiara trefiking-

is mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis Catareba da aseve trefiking-

is mcdeloba.[113]

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis daarsebis Semdeg,

1945 wlis 24 oqtombridan, saerTaSoriso samarTlis da maT

Soris adamianTa trefikingis msoflio masStabiT saxelmZRva-

nelo da maregulirebeli sakiTxebis Camoyalibeba xdeba am

organizaciis meSveobiT.

rac Seexeba uSualod adamianTa trefikings gaerTianeb-

uli erebis organizaciis farglebSi, aq sawyis etapze trefi-

kingSi moiazreboda da brZola ecxadeboda mxolod seqsu-

alur eqspluatacias qalebsa da bavSvebSi.

gaeros farglebSi am mimarTulebiT miRebul saerTa-

Soriso samarTlis dokuments warmoadgenda 1949 wlis àd-

amianTa vaWrobisa da mesame piris mier prostituciis eqs-

pluataciasTan brZolis Sesaxeb~ konvencia, romlis pirv-

el da meore muxlebSi naTqvamia, rom aRniSnul aqtSi ig-

ulisxmeba qmedebebi, rodesac vinme:

a) ubiZgebs, daiyoliebs an garyvnis meore pirs prosti-

tuciis mizniT an eweva meore piris prostituciuli saqmi-

anobis eqspluatacias Tundac am meore piris TanxmobiT;

b) aqvs saroskipo an marTavs mas, Segnebulad afinansebs

an monawileobs saroskipos dafinansebaSi;

g) aqiravebs an qiraobs Senobas an farTis nawils, Tumca

icis, rom igi mesame piris mier prostituciuli mizniT

iqneba gamoyenebuli.

paralelurad gaeros egidiT tardeboda mravali saer-

TaSoriso konferenciebi da seminarebi, raTa momxdariyo

adamianTa vaWrobis da prostituciis problemis samarT-

34 35

lebrivi gaformeba Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

problemas warmoadgenda aseve adamianTa trefikingis raobis

Semecneba, rac iyo bolo dromde mkvlevarTa davis sagani,

romlebic ver Tanxmdebodnen imaSi Tu ra aris adamianTa

trefikingi _ ,,adamianebis kontrabanda~ Tu ,,adamianebiT

vaWroba~?!.

aRniSnuli problemebis Teoriul gadaWras mravali wlis

Sroma dasWirda. adamianTa trefikingis sakiTxebis Tanamed-

rove gadawyveta mogvca transnacionaluri organizebuli

danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciam miRebulma 2000

wlis 15 noembers, uSualod ki misma damatebiTma oqmma –

àdamianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis trefikin-

gis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb~, miRe-

bulma 2000 wlis 12 dekembers. am ukanasknelSi Camoyalibe-

bulia trefikingis Tanamedrove da saerTaSorisod aRiare-

buli definicia Semdegi saxiT:

a) trefikingi niSnavs adamianebis gadabirebas, transportire-

bas, gadayvanas, Sefarebas an miRebas, muqaris, Zalis gamoye-

nebis an iZulebis sxva saSualebiT, motacebiT, TaRliTobiT,

motyuebiT, Zalauflebis an piris umweobis borotad gamoye-

nebiT, an im piris Tanxmobis misaRwevad Tanxis an sxva sarge-

belis micemiT an miRebiT, visi damokidebulebis qveSac imyo-

feba meore piri, am adamianTa eqspluataciis mizniT. eqsplu-

atacia, rogorc minimum, gulisxmobs sxvaTa prostituciis

eqspluatacias an sqesobrivi eqspluataciis sxva formas, iZu-

lebiT Sromas an momsaxurebas, monobas an monobis msgavs

mdgomareobas, monur Sromas an organoTa gadanergvas.

b) Tu gamoyenebulia am muxlis (a) qvepunqtiT gaTvalis-

winebuli romelime saSualeba, adamianTa trefikingis msxver-

plis Tanxmobas aRniSnuli qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul mis

winaswarganzraxul eqspluataciaze mniSvneloba ar unda

mieniWos;

g) bavSvis gadabireba, transportireba, gadayvana, Sefareba

an miReba eqspluataciis mizniT, unda CaiTvalos ̀ trefikin-

gad~ maSinac ki, rodesac gamoyenebuli ar yofila am mux-

lis (a) qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli romelime saSualeba;

d) `bavSvi~ gulisxmobs nebismier adamians 18 wlis asaka-

mde.[116]

aRniSnuli definicia, misi sworad aRqmis mizniT, piro-

biTad sam nawilad aris gayofili:

pirvel nawilSi mocemulia konkretuli moqmedebebi,

romlebic calke da erTobliobaSi Tu adamianis eqspluata-

ciis mizniT aris ganxorcielebuli danaSaulebrivi qme-

debebia - adamianebis gadabireba, transportireba, gadayvana,

Sefareba an miReba;

meore nawilSi mocemulia is saSualebebi, romelTa meSve-

obiTac aRniSuli moqmedebebi xorcieldeba, kerZod, mu-

qara, Zalis gamoyeneba, iZuleba, gataceba, TaRliToba, mot-

yueba, sakuTari uflebamosilebis an sxvisi umweobis bo-

rotad gamoyeneba, im pirisaTvis safasuris micema, romelic

axorcielebs kontrols sxva adamianze;

xolo mesame nawilSi mocemulia danaSaulis mizani –

adamianis eqspluatacia.

trefikingis identifikaciisaTvis mniSvnelovani iyo aq

Setanili is debuleba, rom im SemTxvevaSi Tu gamoyenebulia

zemoaRniSnuli romelime saSualeba, maSin trefikingis

danaSaulis arsebobis mtkicebisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs,

Tanaxma aris Tu ara msxverpli aseT eqspluataciaze - msxver-

plis Tanxmoba eqspluataciaze damnaSavis gamamarTlebel

argumentad ar miiReba.

da bolos, rac Seexeba 2005 wlis evrosabWos konvencias,

aq mocemuli definicia TiTqmis identuria gaeros definiciis

da mocemulia Semdegi saxiT:

36 37

(a) àdamianebiT ukanono vaWroba~ niSnavs eqspluataciis

mizniT pirTa samuSaoze ayvanas, transportirebas, gadace-

mas, TavSesafris micemas an miRebas, muqaris an Zalis an

iZulebis sxva formis gamoyenebis, an TaRliTobis, an mo-

tyuebis, an Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebis, an umweo

mdgomareobiT sargeblobis an sazRauris an sargeblis mi-

cemis an miRebis gziT, romlis mizania im piris Tanxmobis

miReba, romelic axorcielebs kontrols sxva pirze.-

Eeqspluatacia, yvelaze SezRuduli ganmartebiT, gulis-

xmobs sxva pirTa eqspluatacias prostituciis mizniT an

seqsualuri eqspluataciis sxva formebs, iZulebiT Sromas

an momsaxurebas, monur an sxva msgavs mdgomareobaSi

Cayenebas, katorRul muSaobas an organoebis amoclas;

(b) àdamianebiT ukanono vaWrobis~ msxverplis Tanxmoba,

gamoyenebul iqnes am muxlis (a) qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswine-

buli miznebisTvis, ar CaiTvleba namdvilad, Tu es Tanxmo-

ba miRebul iqna (a) qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli romelime saSu-

alebiT.

(g) eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis samuSaoze ayvana, trans-

portireba, gadacema, TavSesafris micema an miReba ganixi-

leba rogorc ̀ adamianebiT ukanono vaWroba~ im SemTxvevSic

ki, Tu gamoyenebuli ar yofila am muxlis (a) qvepunqtSi

miTiTebuli romelime saSualeba;

(d) ̀ bavSvi~ niSnavs Tvramet wlamde asakis nebismier pirs.

(e) `msxverpli~ niSnavs nebismier fizikur pirs, romelic

warmoadgens adamianebiT ukanono vaWrobis obieqts am mux-

lis gansazRvrebis Sesabamisad.[118]

evrosabWos konvencia warmoadgens evropis masStabiT

mniSvnelovan antitrefikingul meqanizms, romlic Rebulobs

aramxolod rekomendaciul saxes, aramed im saxesac, rom-

lis farglebSic Seqmnilia qveynebis monitoringis da Se-

fasebis sistema.

evrosabWos konvencia warmoadgens pirvel evropul kon-

vencias am mimarTulebiT, romlis ZiriTadi mizania trefi-

kingis msxverplTa dacva-reabilitacia. konvenciis mizneb-

Si aseve Sedis trefikingSi CarTul damnaSaveTa dasjisa

da trefikingis prevenciis sakiTxebi.

adamianTa trefikingis definiciis CamoyalibebasTan erTad

saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobaSi SemuSavda masTan dakavSire-

buli standartuli definiciebi, romlebic aadvileben

movlenebis erTgvarovan aRqmas msoflio masStabiT, magal-

iTad iseTi movlenebis, rogoricaa:

adamianiT vaWroba – yvela qmedeba an ganzraxva, rome-

lic ukavSirdeba piris an pirTa jgufis yidvas, gayidvas,

gatacebas, an amgvari qmedebebiT mogebis miRebas, ubralod,

aseTi piris Senaxvas, mis motyuebas, iZulebas, SantaJis gziT

gamoyenebas;[13, 30]

eqspluatacia – prostituciaSi an seqsualuri eqspluata-

ciis sxva formaSi Cabmas, iZulebiT muSaobas an momsaxure-

obas, monobas an monobasTan gaigivebul mdgomareobaSi Caye-

nebas, dabeCavebas an sxeulidan organoebis, organos nawilis,

an qsovilis amokveTas gadanergvis mizniT;

savalo kabala – mdgomareoba, sadac valis gadauxdelo-

bis sanacvlod Sesrulebuli samuSaos anazRaureba ar iTv-

leba valis dafarvad da samuSaos xangrZlivoba da forma

gansazRvruli ar aris;

monobasTan gaigivebuli mdgomareoba _ muSaoba an mom-

saxureoba, romelsac pirovneba iZulebiT asrulebs;

msxverplis warmoSobis saxelmwifo – qveyana, sadac xde-

ba msxverplis rekrutireba;

tranziti saxelmwifo _ qveyana, romlis gavliTac gada-

yavT msxverpli;

daniSnulebis saxelmwifo _ qveyana, sadac xdeba trefik-

ingis msxverplis eqsploatacia;

38 39

surogati deda -_ qali, romelic xelovnuri ganayofi-

erebiT an embrionis implantaciiT aCens bavSvs;

migrantTa kontrabanda _ saxelmwifos teritoriaze ucxo

qveynis moqalaqis aralegaluri Sesvlis uzrunvelyofa,

misgan saamisod materialuri gamorCenis miRebis mizniT.

swored am mizniT gansxvavdeba igi adamianTa trefikingis-

gan, razec qvemoT detalurad gvaqvs saubari;

aralegaluri migracia _ moicavs rogorc migrantTa

kontrabandas ise adamianTa trefikings da saerTod yvela

saxis aralegalur gadaadgilebas saxelmwifodan saxel-

mwifoSi, iseve rogorc qveyanaSi aralegalur-uvizo cxov-

rebas, miuxedavad iq moxvedris saSualebisa, romelic

TavisTavad SeiZleba legaluric yofiliyo.

b) adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis cneba saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobiT:

adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingis) saerTaSoriso definiciis

Secnobis Semdgom mniSvnelovania gavigoT saqarTvelos

realobaSi da Sesabamisad mis kanonmdeblobaSi ra saxe

miiRo am movlenam.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi trefikingis cneba dainer-

ga mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos xelisuflebam aiRo val-

debuleba gaeros da evrosabWos moTxovnebTan sakuTari kanon-

mdeblobis SesabamisobaSi moyvanis, ris gamoc saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi 2003 wels Seitanes

cvlilebebi. kodeqss daemata ori axali muxli 1431 àdamian-

iT vaWroba (trefikingi)~ da 1432 àrasrulwlovaniT vaWroba

(trefikingi)~ - sadac trefikingi ganmartebulia Semdegi saxiT:

muxli 1431. adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi)

adamianis yidva an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva ukanono

garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve muqariT, ZaladobiT an

iZulebis sxva formiT, motacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTobiT,

motyuebiT, umweo mdgomareobis an Zalauflebis borotad

gamoyenebiT, sazRauris anda sargeblis micemis an miRebis

gziT im piris Tanxmobis misaRwevad, romelsac sxva pirze

zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia, adamianis gadabireba, gadayva-

na, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba

anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.

eqspluataciad miiCneva adamianis gamoyeneba iZulebiTi

Sromis an momsaxurebis, danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazoga-

doebriv qmedebaSi an prostituciaSi Cabmis, seqsualuri

eqspluataciis an sxva saxis momsaxurebis gawevis, monobis

msgavs mdgomareobaSi an monobis Tanamedrove pirobebSi

Cayenebis mizniT, agreTve adamianis iZuleba sxeulis orga-

nos, organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergvis anda sxvag-

varad gamoyenebis mizniT. adamianis monobis Tanamedrove

pirobebSi Cayeneba gulisxmobs misTvis pirovnebis saiden-

tifikacio dokumentebis CamorTmevas, Tavisufali gadaadg-

ilebis uflebis SezRudvas, ojaxTan kavSiris, maT Soris,

mimowerisa da satelefono kontaqtebis akrZalvas, kultu-

rul izolacias, pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxvel pirobeb-

Si anda yovelgvari anazRaurebis gareSe an araadekvaturi

anazRaurebiT muSaobis iZulebas. piris Tanxmobas mis

winaswarganzraxul eqspluataciaze mniSvneloba ara aqvs.

muxli 1432. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi)

arasrulwlovnis yidva an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva

ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve misi gadabireba,

gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, gadacema,

Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi adamianiT vaWrobis tre-

fikingis definicia srulad Seesabameba saerTaSorisod

aRiarebul standartebs da warmoadgens gaeros definiciis

anarekls, magram Cveni azriT, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT

trefikingis gayofa or sxvadasxva nawilad da arasrul-

40 41

wlovnebis trefikingis calke gamoyofa aucileblobas ar

warmoadgens. arasrulwlovnebis trefikingi qmedebis

damamZimebel garemoebad SeiZleba yofiliyo mocemuli,

rogorc sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis sxva muxlebiT

gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTa SemTxvevebSia mocemuli.

arasrulwlovniT vaWrobis - trefikingis muxlis cxov-

rebaSi realizaciasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs garkveuli

winaaRmdegobebi. kerZod, muxlis struqtura saSualebas

gvaZlevs misi Sinaarsi gavigoT araerTgvarovnad, magali-

Tad: sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis am muxls samarTaldam-

cavebi iyeneben Cvili bavSvebiT vaWrobis SemTxvevebSi,

maSin rodesac bavSvi gamiznulia Svilad ayvanisTvis,

ra drosac adgili ar aqvs vaWrobis obieqtis eqsploata-

cias, xolo eqsploataciis miznis ar arseboba gamoricxavs

am muxlis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas, rac jerovnad ar

sruldeba qarTuli marTlmsajulebis mxridan. aseve am

muxlis struqtura saSualebas iZleva Sinaarsis sxvagvari

gagebis: muxli, rogorc vxedavT, iwyeba sityvebiT – àras-

rulwlovnis yidva an gayidva,~ Sesabamisad SeiZleba CavTval-

oT, rom adamianis mimarT garigebis ganxorcieleba ukve

dasrulebuli danaSaulia da ar aris amisTvis aucilebe-

li eqsploataciis miznis arseboba.

kargi iqneboda qarTveli kanonmdebeli gascdenoda saer-

TaSoriso kanonmdeblobis mocemulobas, ar moexdina saer-

TaSorisod aRiarebuli definiciis sityva-sityviTi Targ-

mna da Tavad Seecada Camoeyalibebina adamianiT vaWroba -

trefikingis sakuTari unikaluri definicia, romelic ufro

morgebuli iqneboda qarTul enasTan da ar warmoSobda

misi wakiTxvisas gaugebrobebs. ase-magaliTad SesaZlebeli

iyo trefikingis definiciis pirveli nawili Camoyalibebu-

liyo Semdegi saxiT:

à) adamianis mimarT ukanono, baTili garigebis ganxor-

cieleba, misi gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba,

transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba anda miReba eqsplua-

taciis mizniT.~

definiciis aseTi saxiT Camoyalibeba gaamartivebda mis

gagebas, radgan ukanono da baTili garigebebi samoqalaqo

samarTlis mixedviT Tavis TavSi moicaven amJamad moqmedi

trefikingis definiciis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul garemo-

ebebs. kerZod avtomaturad ukanono da baTilia garigebebi,

romlebic dadebulia `muqariT, ZaladobiT an iZulebis sxva

formiT, motacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTobiT, motyuebiT,

umweo mdgomareobis an Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebiT,

sazRauris anda sargeblis micemis an miRebis gziT, im piris

Tanxmobis misaRwevad, romelsac sxva pirze zegavlenis mox-

dena SeuZlia~. Sesabamisad am garemoebebis moxsenieba defi-

nicias mxolod moculobaSi zrdis da arTulebs mas.

rac Seexeba adamianis yidva-gayidvis ar moxseniebas, es

ganpirobebulia imiT, rom adamiani samoqalaqo samarTlis

Tanaxmad ar SeiZleba iyos legaluri vaWrobis obieqti da

Sesabamisad es qmedebebic erTiandeba ukanono garigebis

cnebis qveS.

aRsaniSnavia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi 2007 wlis maisSi

damatebuli 1433 muxli _ adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

msxverplis (dazaralebulis) momsaxurebiT sargebloba,

riTac kriminalizirebulia winaswari SecnobiT kodeqsis

1431 da 1432 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis msxver-

plis an dazaralebuli piris iseTi momsaxurebiT sargeb-

loba, romelic amave kodeqsis 1431 muxlis Tanaxmad warmo-

adgens eqspluatacias.

1433 muxlis sanqciiT damnaSave isjeba Tavisuflebis

aRkveTiT vadiT samidan TxuTmet wlamde. am muxlis arsebobis

mizanSewoniloba SeiZleba gavamarTloT mxolod adamian-

Ta trefikingis prevenciis mxriv, magram faqtia, rom am

muxlis cxovrebaSi ganxorcieleba, pirisTvis bralis waye-

neba da, miTumetes, mtkiceba Zalzed rTuli amocanaa, rac

jerjerobiT ar ganxorcielebula (saqarTveloSi aravin

gasamarTlebula am muxliT). am muxlis sargeblobaze

42 43

saubaria aseve 2010 wlis amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

àdamianTa trefikingis 2010 wlis angariSSi.~[84, 154]

Sejamebis saxiT, aRsaniSnavia, rom sazogadoebis msof-

lmxedveloba adamianTa eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebiT

meoce saukunis manZilze radikalurad icvleboda, sul ufro

da ufro farTovdeboda monuri Sromisgan dacul adamianTa

jgufi, Tu Tavidan igi mxolod evropuli rasis mdedrobi-

Ti sqesis warmomadgenlebze gaavrceles, TandaTan man aras-

rulwlovnebi da mamakacebic moicva, iseve rogorc sxva

rasis warmomadgenlebi. aseve adamianTa Sromis gamoyenebis

sferoebi SeizRuda dawyebuli monobidan Semdgom seqsu-

aluri eqspluataciis CaTvliT da bolos yovelgvari Zala-

dobrivi Sromis akrZalvamde mivida. aRniSnulis mwvervali

iyo 1948 wlis 10 dekembris gaeros àdamianTa uflebebis

sayovelTao deklaracia~, riTac daigmo rasobrivi, eTniku-

ri Tu sxva saxis diskriminacia, iseve rogorc adamianTa

monobis yovelgvari gamovlineba, sastik pirobebSi yola,

wameba. deklaraciaSi sxva mraval uflebebTan erTad, aRi-

arebulia adamianebis kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba da dacu-

loba _ yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe.

adamianis uflebebis da Tavisuflebebis CamonaTvali ar

aris saboloo da kvlav ganicdis zrdas adamianTa uflebe-

bis gafarToebis kvalobaze.

aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba ar

CamorCa saerTaSoriso standartebs da moaxerxa SemWidrove-

bul vadebSi moexdina misi sakanonmdeblo bazis srul Se-

sabamisobaSi moyvana saerTaSoriso standartebTan, riTac

daimsaxura msoflio sazogadoebis da eqspertebis umaRle-

si Sefaseba da ganixileba adamianTa trefikingis winaaRm-

deg brZolaSi warmatebis mxriv lider saxelmwifoTa

Soris.[68]

Tavi II _ adamianiT vaWrobis - trefikingis

mdgomareoba, arsebuli statistika

$1. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis stadiebi

adamianiT vaWroba - trefikingi Zalze rTuli da komp-

leqsuri movlenaa masSi CarTuli kriminaluri organiza-

ciebis da monawile pirebis raodenobis da mravalferovnebis

gamo. trefikingi, rogorc mis definiciidan Cans, moicavs

adamianTa gadabirebas, Sekrebas, sazRvarze gadayvanas,

tyveobas, eqspluatacias, zewolas, iZulebas da sxva mraval

elements, Sesabamisad trefikingis stadiebSi asaxvas hpovebs

TiToeuli maTgani. yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli modelis

mixedviT adamianTa trefikingi dayofilia Semdeg stadi-

ebad:

a. msxverplis rekrutireba;

b. msxverplis gadaadgileba (maT Soris da ara mxolod

saerTSoriso sazRvrebze gadayvana);

g. msxverplis eqspluatacia - mogebis miRebis mizniT

adamianuri resursebis arakanonieri gamoyeneba.

a). adamianiT vaWrobis _ trefikingis msxverplis

rekrutireba

rekrutireba gulisxmobs msxverplis xelSi Cagdebas

nebismieri meTodis gamoyenebiT. aRniSnuli meTodebi Se-

darebiT srulyofilad CamoTvlilia trefikingis saerTa-

Sorisod aRiarebul, gaerTianebul erebis organizaciis

mier SemuSavebul trefikingis gansazRvrebaSi, sadac aRniS-

nulia Semdegi saSualebebi: piris gadacema, TavSesafris

micema an miReba, muqara, Zalis gamoyeneba an iZulebis sxva

saSualeba, motaceba, TaRliToba, motyueba, Zalauflebis

an piris umweobis borotad gamoyeneba, an im piris Tanxmo-

44 45

bis misaRwevad Tanxis an sxva sargebelis micema an miReba,

visi damokidebulebis qveSac imyofeba meore piri. Tanamed-

rove garemoSi, msxverplTa rekrutirebisaTvis, gamoyenebu-

li meTodebi sul ufro da ufro ixveweba da axal formebs

poulobs.

amave dokumentSi dadgenilia, rom msxverplis nebayof-

lobiT Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSic ki trefikiori sruli simkac-

riTYagebs pasuxs kanonis winaSe Cadenili qmedebisaTvis.

Tanamedrove realobaSi msxverplis rekrutirebaSi CarTu-

li arian rogorc organizaciebi, aseve calke, damoukideb-

lad moqmedi damnaSave fizikuri pirebi. maT SeiZleba hqondeT

iuridiulad gaformebuli legaluri forma, iseve rogorc

aralegaluri saxe - danaSaulebrivi organizaciebi.

kerZo pirebis moqmedebas msxverplTa rekrutirebis saqmeSi

gaaCnia Tavisi specifika, isini SeiZleba moqmedebdnen rogorc

mizanmimarTulad, gacnobierebulad – hqondeT informacia

Tu ra eliT maT mier rekrutirebul pirebs, aseve moqmedebd-

nen gulubryvilod, gaucnobiereblad _ aris SemTxvevebi

rodesac pirovnebebs, ZiriTadad mandilosnebs, pirdebian,

rom Tu isini ucxoeTSi samuSaod gasamgzavreblad Sekreben

garkveuli raodenobis jgufs, maSin Tavad es pirebi mgza-

vrobisTvis da dasaqmebisTvis ar gadaixdian araviTar

gasamjelos. am dros am gulubryvilo Semkrebma, romelic

umravles SemTxvevebSi Tavadac xdeba Semdgom trefikingis

msxverpli, araferi icis damkveTi organizaciis boroti

ganzraxvebis Sesaxeb. aseTi midgomis gamoyeneba trefikior-

TaTvis Zalzed efeqturia, radgan pirovneba, romelmac ar

icis rekrutirebis mizani, moqmedebs ufro laRad, aseTi

pirovnebis saubari ufro gulwrfeli da damajerebelia,

ris gamoc mas iolad SeuZlia axloblebis dayolieba ucxo-

eTSi gamgzavrebaze, radgan nacnobebi endobian mas, ar moe-

lian sicrues misgan.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze rekrutirebis faqtebi, msx-

verplTa sazRvargareT eqspluataciis mizniT, Zalze iSvi-

aTia, radgan saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi ZiriTadad sakuTari

ZalebiT, Suamavlebis gareSe, axdenen sazRvris gadalax-

vas, ris Semdegac ucxo qveynis teritoriaze xdeba maTi

trefikingSi Cabma. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi rekru-

tirebis gamovlenili faqtebis simcires ganapirobebs tre-

fikingis maRali latenturoba da ara movlenis mcire masSta-

bebi.

b). adamianiT vaWrobis - trefikingis msxverplis gada-

adgileba, maT Soris saerTSoriso sazRvrebze gadayvana

adamianis vaWrobis, trefikingis erT-erTi mTavari niSa-

nia msxverplis transportireba, misi gadayvana iseT gare-

moSi, sadac igi mowyvetili iqneba gare samyaros da Tavs

ususurad da daucvelad igrZnobs. aseT transportirebas

adgili SeiZleba hqondes rogorc mgzavrobis kanonieri,

ise ukanono saSualebebis da meTodebis gamoyenebiT. gaeros

`transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb~

konvencis miRebamde trefikingis sakiTxebze momuSave

mkvlevarebSi mimdinareobda diskusia Tu rodis iyo tre-

fikingi, rodesac adgiliQhqonda saxelmwifo sazRvarze

pirovnebis gadayvanas da sxva qveynis teritoriaze mis

eqspluatacias, Tu qveynis SigniT erTi regionidan sxva

regionSi gadayvanac trefikingad unda miCneuliyo, rac

ukanaskneli midgomis gaTvaliswinebiT gadawyda.

trefikingis problemis irgvliv momuSave mecnierebi ar

iyvnen erTsulovani trefikingisa da migrantTa kontraban-

dis gamijvnis sakiTxebSic, problemas warmoadgenda gare-

moeba, rom es orive qmedeba dakavSirebulia sazRvrebis

gadalaxvasTan. arsebobobda gaurkvevlobebi Tu ra iyo

46 47

migrantTa kontrabanda da ra trefikingi, sad gadioda maTi

gamijvnis xazi.[85]

sabolood mkvlevarebi Sejerdnen, rom migrantTa kont-

rabanda niSnavs saxelmwifos teritoriaze piris aralega-

luri Sesvlis uzrunvelyofas finansuri an sxva materi-

aluri mogebis pirdapiri an arapirdapiri miRebis mizniT,

rodesac es piri ar aris am saxelmwifos moqalaqe an mud-

mivad macxovrebeli piri.[115]

gansxvavebebi migrantTa kontrabandasa da trefikings

Soris Zalian daxvewilia da xandaxan isini erTmaneTs gada-

faraven, rac damatebiT sirTuleebs qmnis. identifikacia,

aris Tu ara konkretuli SemTxveva adamianiT vaWrobis faq-

ti Tu es migrantTa kontrabanda da masTan dakavSirebuli

danaSaulebebia, SeiZleba Zalian rTuli iyos rigi mizeze-

bis gamo:

• trefikingis rig SemTxvevaSi momavali msxverpli

Tavdapirvelad SeiZleba Tanaxma iyos mxolod mis sazR-

varze ukanono gadayvanis momsaxureobis miRebaze da mx-

olod mogvianebiT aRmoaCinos, rom igi iZulebis, motyueb-

is Tu sxva mravali meTodis gamoyenebiT gaeba trefikingis

maxeSi(magaliTad iZulebuli gaxadon Tavisi SromiT, romel-

Sic Zalian mcire gasamjelos uxdian, gadaixados trans-

portirebis xarjebi).

• trefikiorebi aseve iyeneben meTods, rodesac isini

trefikings niRbaven migrantTa kontrabandis qveS, am dros

isini migraciis msurvelT winaswar sTxoven gasamrjelos

TavianTi momsaxureobisTvis iseve rogorc amas migrantTa

kontrabandiT dakavebuli pirebi akeTeben, rac maT mimarT

nakleb eWvs iwvevs. am dros trefikiorTa Tavdapirveli

mizani msxverplis Semdgomi eqsploataciaa, xolo msxver-

plisgan miRebuli Tanxebi mxolod damatebiT Semosavlis

wyaros da TaRliTobis Semadgenel elements warmoadgens.

• msxverplTa kontrabanda SeiZleba arc warmoadgen-

des Tavdapirvel mizans damnaSaveTaTvis, magram igi Sei-

Zleba warmoCindes rogorc sakmaod sarfiani garemoeba,

romlis xelidan gaSvebac dauSvebeli iqneboda da mxolod

aseTi SesaZleblobis gamoCenis SemTxvevaSi xorcieldeba.

• xSirad adamianTa trefikingisTvis da migrantTa

kontrabandisTvis gamoiyeneba erTi da igive satransporto

marSrutebi, rac aseve arTulebs maT garCevadobas.

amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qmedeba romelic daiwyo

migrantTa kontrabandis saxiT, SesaZlebelia gadaizardos

adamianiT vaWroba _ trefikingSi.

aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom migrantTa kontrabandas da

trefikings erTmaneTisgan ganmasxvavebeli oTxi niSani gaaC-

niaT:

1. Tanxmoba – migrantTa kontrabanda xSirad xorcielde-

ba sicocxlisTvis saSiS da saxifaTo meTodebis gamoye-

nebiT, razec pirovneba winaswar gafrTxilebulia da igi

Tanxmobas gamoTqvams am meTodebiT mis transportirebaze.

trefikingis dros msxverpls azrs aravin ekiTxeba da mis

Tanxmobasac araviTari mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia, radgan

msxverplis neba iTrguneba iZulebis sxvadasxva meTodebis

gamoyenebiT.

2. eqspluatacia _ rogorc trefikingis definiciidan-

ac Cans eqspluatacia warmoadgens trefikingis upirveles

damaxasiaTebel niSans. Tu migrantTa kontrabanda srulde-

ba pirovnebis daniSnulebis adgilze gadayvanis momentis

dadgomiT, trefikingis dros mTavari ara gadayvana, aramed

msxverplis eqsploataciis mizania, romelic gadayvanis

etapis dasrulebis Semdgom iwyeba.

3. transnacionaluroba – migrantTa kontrabanda

yovelTvis transnacionaluri xasiaTisaa, maSin, roca tre-

fikings adgili aqvs Sidasaxelmwifoebrivadac, rodesac

48 49

msxverplis gadayvana xdeba qveynis erTi regionidan sxva

regionSi an Tundac qalaqis erTi nawilidan meoreSi.

4. mogebis wyaro – migrantTa kontrabandis dros dam-

naSaveTaTvis Semosavlis wyaros warmoadgens migrantisgan

sazRvris gadalaxvis organizebisTvis miRebuli gasamrje-

lo, maSin, rodesac trefikiorTaTvis Semosavlis wyaros

msxverplis eqspluataciisgan miRebuli saxsrebi warmoad-

gens.

aseve aRsaniSnavia sazRvris ukanono gadalaxvisTvis

pirovnebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi, migrantTa kont-

rabandis dros piri, romelmac gadalaxa saxelmwifo

sazRvrebi, pasuxs agebs kanonis winaSe sruli simkacriT,

xolo trefikingis msxverplisTvis aseTi pasuxismgebloba

ar arsebobs.

trefikingis dros msxverplis gadaadgileba da maT Soris

saerTaSoriso sazRvrebze gadayvana SeiZleba ganxorcieldes

mravali meTodis Tu xerxis gamoyenebiT:

ZiriTadad msxverplTa transportireba xdeba damnaSave

organizaciis mier iZulebis meTodebis gamoyenebiT, ro-

desac msxverpls rekrutirebas ukeTeben erT saxelmwifo-

Si, xolo misi eqspluataciis adgili sxva saxelmwifoa.

arsebobs aseve msxverplTa kategoriebi, romlebic ucxo

saxelmwifoSi xvdebian avtonomiurad, danaSaulebrivi or-

ganizaciebis Carevis gareSe da ukve iq legalurad cxovre-

bis pirobebSi xdebian trefikingis msxverplni. anu msxver-

plTa gadayvanas danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mxridan

adgili ar aqvs.

aseve msxverplis gadayvana sazRvarze SeiZleba srulad

jdebodes kanonierebis farglebSi, moxdes danaSaulebrivi

organizaciis mier, magram am segmentSi – sazRvris gadal-

axvis etapze – kanonis moTxovnebis sruli SesabamisobiT

(msxverpli gadaiyvanon sazRvarze legalurad savizo do-

kumentaciis sruli dacviT turistul, saswavlo Tu sxva

safarqveS).

saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT, msoflio masStabiT far-

Todaa gavrcelebuli msxverplTa kanondarRveviT da faru-

lad gadayvana sazRvrebze, rac msxverplTaTvis sasicocxlo

safrTxes warmoadgens da xSir SemTxvevaSi mgzavrobis etapze

maTi daRupvis mizezi xdeba, rac SeemTxvaT nigeriel arale-

galebs 2010 wlis Tebervlis TveSi saqarTvelo-TurqeTis

sazRvrispira regionSi, TurqeTSi aralegalurad gadasvlis

mcdelobisas, rodesac isini amindis uecari gauaresebis

gamo tyeSi gaiyinnen.[69]

msoflioSi yvelaze xSirad amerikis SeerTebul State-

bis sazRvrebis ukanono gadakveTa xorcieldeba. cnobil-

ia, rom saSualod weliwadSi aSS-s teritoriaze ukanonod

naxevar milionamde adamiani Sedis da saSualod aralegal

emigrantebis raodenoba amerikaSi 11 milion kacs aRwevs.[79,

42] msoflios masStabiT yvelaze rTuli mdgomareoba aSS-

meqsikis sazRvris perimetrzea, sadac aralegal emigran-

tebs momsaxureobas uweven da sazRvris gadalaxvaSi exma-

rebian organizebuli dajgufebebi, romelTac `koiotebs~

uwodeben, am gziT sazRvris gadamkveTTa zusti ricxvi

ucnobia, magram 1998-2004 wlebis periodSi, sazRvris am seq-

toris gadakveTisas daiRupa 1954 pirovneba.[80] amerikaSi

SeRwevisTvis aseve iyeneben gem-konteinermzidebs, ZiriTadad

aziis qveynebidan wamosuli aralegalebisTvis. 1993 wels

sazRvao gziT amerikaSi mimavali 283 Cineli gamoavlines,

samwuxarod, 10 maTgani mgzavrobisas gardaicvala.[81]

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, aq sazRvris ukanono gadalax-

vis problema naklebad arsebobs, radgan nebismier ucxoel

pirovnebas SeuZlia uproblemod aiRos saqarTvelos viza

sazRvris sakontrolo-gamSveb punqtebze. aseve saqarTvelos

moqalaqeTaTvis gaiolebulia mosazRvre azerbaijanis, somx-

50 51

eTis da TurqeTis teritoriaze legalurad gadasvla, rac

ar warmoSobs aralegalurad gadasvlis motivacias da Se-

sabamis momsaxureobis gamwev dajgufebebis ararsebobas

ganapirobebs. ganxvavebuli mdgomareobaa ruseTis mimar-

TulebiT, sadac saomari viTarebis gamo gawyvetilia

sazRvris legalurad gadakveTis saSualebebi. problemas

aseve warmoadgens qveynis teritoriis satranzito miznebiT

gamoyeneba. aRsaniSnavia aseve qarTveli samarTaldamcaveb-

is efeqturi muSaoba, romlebic ar uSveben qveyanaSi ukanono

migrantebis arsebobas.

g). adamianiT vaWrobis _ trefikingis msxverplTa

eqspluatacia.

adamianiT vaWroba trefikingis bolo stadia msxverpl-

Ta eqspluataciaa, rac gulisxmobs mogebis miRebis mizniT

adamianuri resursebis arakanonier gamoyenebas. trefikin-

gad miiCneva ara mxolod prostituciis an sxva saxis seqsu-

aluri eqspluatacia, rogorc meoce saukunis 30-ian wle-

bamde iTvleboda, aramed yvela saxis iZulebiTi Sroma an

momsaxureba, monoba an monobis msgavsi mdgomareoba.

arCeven adamianebis eqspluataciis or saxeobas:

I) Sromis eqspluatacias;

II) adamianis fiziologiuri parametrebis eqspluatacias.

_ Sromis eqspluataciis dros pirovnebas aiZuleben

Seqmnas raime produqcia an gawios momsaxureba. Sromis

Sinaarsis mixedviT Sromis eqspluatacia iyofa – fizikur

Sromis eqspluataciad – rodesac xdeba pirovnebis fizi-

kuri SesaZleblobebis gamoyeneba da inteleqtualuri Sromis

eqspluataciad – Sesabamisad gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis

gamoyenebis dros.

inteleqtualuri Sromis eqspluatacia gulisxmobs

pirovnebis gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis – codnis, azrovne-

bis unaris, SemoqmedebiTi niWis gamoyenebas. inteleqtualuri

Sromis eqspluatacia SeiZleba gamoixatebodes adamianis

iZulebaSi inteleqtualuri niWiT samsaxuri gauwios eqs-

pluatators, romelzec is damokidebulia. inteleqtualuri

Sromis eqspluatacias trefikiorebi iSviaTad mimarTaven.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos realobaSi ar arsebobs

inteleqtualuri Sromis eqspluataciis gamovlenili

faqtebi, magram Teoriulad arsebobs maTi ganxorcielebis

SesaZlebloba da Sesabamisad aucilebelia misi ganxilvac.

Sromis eqspluatacia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc

legalur sferoSi, ise aralegalurSic.

legalur sferoSi eqspluatacia, gulisxmobs msxverp-

lis Sromis-momsaxureobis gamoyenebas iseT saqmianobis an

produqciis sawarmoeblad romelic jdeba kanonis fargleb-

Si, xolo aralegaluris dros igulisxmeba is saqmianoba,

rac Tavis mxriv arakanonieria.

fizikuri Sromis legalur sferoSi eqspluatacia, gamo-

yenebis sferos mixedviT, SeiZleba daiyos seqsualur, sawar-

moo da saSinao sferoSi Sromis eqspluataciad.

seqsualur sferoSi Sromis eqspluatacia yovelTvis ar

gulisxmobs aralegalur saqmianobas, radgan arsebobs am

saxis biznesis nairsaxeobebi, magaliTad saqarTveloSi

striptizis mocekvaved muSaoba, romelic savsebiT legalu-

ria. zogierT qveyanaSi magaliTad germaniaSi meZaveoba da

sxva saxis seqsualuri momsaxurebac kanoniT regulirdeba.

Sromis eqspluatacias saSinao momsaxurebis sferoSi da

Sromis eqspluatacias sawarmoo sferoSi erTmaneTisgan

ganasxvavebs eqspluatatoris mizani, anu saSinao momsaxu-

rebis sferoSi Sromis eqspluataciis dros adamianis Sro-

ma gamoiyeneba eqspluatatoris uSualod piradi moTxov-

nilebebis dasakmayofileblad, magaliTad: saxlis dalage-

ba, saWmlis momzadeba; xolo warmoebis sferoSi Sromis

52 53

eqspluataciisas msxverplis Sroma gamoiyeneba eqspluata-

toris mier mogebis miRebis mizniT iseT sferoebSi, rogori-

caa, magaliTad: iatakqveSa saamqroSi samrewvelo saqonlis

remonti, samkervaloSi, plantaciaSi muSaoba da sxva iseTi

saqmianoba, romlis warmoebisTvisac gadamwyvetia iafi muSax-

elis arseboba da sadac nawarmi produqciac gankuTvnilia

Semdgomi realizaciisaTvis.

rac Seexeba Sromis eqspluatacias aralegaluri saqmi-

anobis sferoSi, mocemul SemTxvevaSi adamianis Sroma gam-

oiyeneba danaSaulebrivi biznesis sferoSi, anu iseT saqmi-

anobaSi, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba arsebul kanonmdeblobas.

danaSaulebriv biznesSi saqmianobis sferoebi saxeobe-

bis mixedviT emTxveva kanonieri Sromis saqmianobis sfe-

roebs rogorc inteleqtualuri aseve fizikuri Sromis mxriv,

garkveuli damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic mas ar-

akanonierebis farglebSi aqcevs.

ase magaliTad, fizikuri Sromis eqspluataciis lega-

luri sferodan gansxvavebiT aralegalur sferoSi Sedis

iseTi saqmianobis sferoebi, romlebic veranairad ver Caj-

deba kanonis farglebSi – rogoricaa:

1) monawileoba samxedro formirebebSi (rodesac mamakacebi

iZulebulni arian, monawileoba miiRon SeiaraRebul kon-

fliqtebSi, teroristuli aqtebis mowyobaSi da sxva msgavs

ukanono qmedebebSi, sadac gamoyenebas eqvemdebareba msx-

verplTa fizikuri SesaZleblobebi), aq ganixileba gansa-

kuTrebiT afrikis qveynebSi gamoyenebuli praqtika samxedro

formirebebSi arasrulwlovani mebrZolebis gawevrianebis.

am praqtikis sawinaaRmdegod amerikis SeerTebulma Stateb-

ma 2008 wels miiRo kanoni `bavSvTa gasamxedroebis pre-

venciis aqti 2008,~ [117] romelic ZalaSia 2009 wlis 21 ivni-

sidan. kanoni avaldebulebs saxelmwifo departaments tre-

fikingis mdgomareobis yovelwliur angariSSi Seitanos

informacia saxelmwifoebSi arasrulwlovanTa samxedro

ZalebSi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb da daawesos samxedro saxis

sanqciebi im saxelmwifoTa mimarT, romlebSic gamovlinde-

ba msgavsi qmedebebi, rogorc es trefikingis winaaRmdeg

brZolaSi warumatebel saxelmwifoTa mimarT aris gaTvalis-

winebuli. kerZod SemCneul saxelmwifoebs aekrZalebaT

saerTaSoriso samxedro swavlebebSi monawileoba, Seuwyde-

baT sazRvargareTidan samxedro mimarTulebiT dafinanseba

– daxmareba da gauuqmdebaT licenziebi sazRvargareTidan

samxedro aRWurvilobs SeZenis irgvliv.[86]

am kanonis mixedviT `bavSv samxedrod~ miiCneva:

(1) nebismieri pirovneba 18 wlis asakamde, romelic iRebs

uSualo manawileobas samxedro moqmedebebSi rogorc

samTavrobo SeiaraRebuli Zalebis wevri. (2) nebismieri

pirovneba 18 wlis asakamde, romelic daeqvemdebara samTavro-

bo SeiaraRebuli ZalebSi savaldebulo samxedro gawvevas.

(3) nebismieri pirovneba 15 wlis asakamde, romelic nebayof-

lobiT Sevida samTavrobo SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Semadgen-

lobaSi. (4) nebismieri pirovneba 18 wlis asakamde, romelic

iricxeba an gamoiyeneba samxedro moqmedebebSi saxelmwifos

daqvemdebarebaSi ar myofi samxedro formirebebis mier.

termini `bavSvi jariskaci~ moicavs yvela pirovnebas, rome-

lic mocemulia winadadebebSi: (1),(2),(3),(4) `romelic SeiZ-

leba gamoyenebul iqnes nebismieri funqciiT, maT Soris

iseTi damxmare funqciebiT, rogoricaa mzareuli, mimtani,

Sikriki, medicinis muSaki, mcveli da aseve seqs-mona.~[117]

2010 wlis trefikingis mdgomareobis angariSis mixedviT

gamovlenil da dasjil saxelmwifoebs ganekuTvnebian: burma,

Cadi, kongos demokratiuli respublika, somali, iemeni,

sudani.

2) Sromis eqsploatacia arakanonieri produqciis warmo-

ebis da arakanonieri momsaxurebis sferoSi, iseTi sagnebis

54 55

da saqonlis warmoebisTvis, romelic ar eqvemdebareba le-

galur brunvas. ase magaliTad, Sromis eqspluatacia narko-

tikebis warmoebisa da gadamuSavebisTvis, falsificirebuli

alkoholuri sasmelebis, iaraRis warmoebisaTvis, maTi

realizaciis RonisZiebebSi msxverplis gamoyeneba da a.S;

3) Sromis eqspluatacia konfidencialuri informaciis

Segrovebis, konkurentebis da arasasurveli pirebis dis-

kreditaciis an sulac maTi likvidaciis mizniT. aseT speci-

fikur momsaxurebas ZiriTadad axorcieleben meZaveebi,

romlebsac iyeneben gasaidumloebuli informaciis mosa-

poveblad, ama Tu im piris monawileobiT seqsualuri scenebis

faruli videogadaRebebis sawarmoeblad, mocemul pirze

saxelis gamtexi informaciis Sekrebisa da misi Semdgomi

daSantaJebis mizniT.

unda aRiniSnos, rom trefikingis msxverplTa mier gaweuli

nebismieri samsaxuri, romelic Tavisi Sinaarsis mixedviT

SeiZleba warmoadgendes rogorc legalur, ise aralega-

lur sferos, nebismier SemTxvevaSi aris aralegaluri saqmi-

anoba da es zemoTmoyvanili dayofa mxolod pirobiT xasi-

aTis atarebs, radgan trefikingis msxverplis mier gawe-

uli Sromis kanonis farglebSi moqceva, rac gulisxmobs

mis saxelmwifo organoebis mxridan aRricxvas da dabe-

gvras, SeuZlebelia adamianTa trefikingis arsidan gamom-

dinare.

_ adamianis fiziologiuri parametrebis eqspluatacii-

sas SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aq moiazreba adamianis rogorc

donoris, an komerciuli reproduqciis mizniT eqsploat-

acia, rac gulisxmobs organoebis transplantacias da suro-

gatul dedobas.

adamianis fiziologiuri parametrebis eqsploatacia

xSirad duxWiri cxovrebis gamo msxverplTa mxridan nebayof-

lobiT xdeba. adamianebi iZulebulni xdebian Tavisi orga-

noebi da axalSobilebi sxvebs miyidon, radgan ar gaaCniaT

sxva gasayidi faseuloba, an zogierT SemTxvevaSi ar aqvT

axalSobilis gazrdis saSualeba. am biznesiT dakavebuli

pirebi sargebloben ra aseTi pirebis gaWirvebuli mdgomar-

eobiT, process TavianTi Semosavlebis wyarod aqceven. aR-

saniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi 2009 wels aRricxuli yvela

trefikingis SemTxveva moicavda swored axalSobili bavS-

vebiT vaWrobiT faqtebs, magram es faqtebi Teoriulad ar

warmoadgendnen trefikings, radgan bavSvebi gamiznuli iyvnen

gaSvilebisTvis da ara eqsploataciisTvis, rac gadamwy-

veti elementia adamianis trefikingis dasamtkiceblad da

rac kanonis xarvezad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

bolo dros medicinis mecnierebis ganviTarebis kvalo-

baze farTo gavrceleba hpova trefikingis msxverplTa gamo-

yenebam organoTa transplantaciis mizniT - rac gulisx-

mobs adamianis organoebis sxva adamianisTvis gadanergvas

da rac wina saukuneebSi warmoudgeneli iyo. Tanamedrove

medicinam SesaZlebeli gaxada aseTi operaciebis Catareba

organoTa farTo CamonaTvalze - gulze, Tirkmelze, Rvi-

Zlze, Tvalis rqovanaze, kanze, Zvlis tvinze da sxva mraval

organoze, romelTa CamonaTvali dRiTidRe izrdeba. aseve

mniSvnelovan mimarTulebas warmoadgens iSviaTi jgufis

sisxliT vaWroba.

organoebis transplantaciis mizniT adamianebis gatace-

bebze pirvelad saubari daiwyes 1980-ian wlebSi centralur

amerikis saxelmwifoebSi. im droisTvis gavrcelda mrava-

li Wori, TiTqosda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis warmo-

madgenlebi dadiodnen centraluri amerikis Raribi saxel-

mwifoebis mivardnil soflebSi da eweodnen axalgazrdeb-

is datyvevebas, romlebsac adgilzeve aclidnen gadasaner-

gad vargis organoebs, xolo damaxinjebul gardacvlil

sxeulebs iqve gzis pira adgilebSi tovebdnen. am Worebma

56 57

gamoiwvies aSS-s moqalaqeTa mimarT zizRi da zogierT SemTx-

vevaSi maT usafuZvlod fizikuradac ki gauswordnen,

ramac gamoiwvia amerikuli organizaciebis daxurva am re-

gionSi.

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTavrobam moaxdina am faqte-

bze da Worebze reagireba. Catarda kvlevebi, magram organoTa

transplantaciis mizniT eqstraqciis mtkicebulebebi aRmo-

Cenili ver iqna. miuxedavad Worebis didi raodenobisa, aravis

hyavda nanaxi damaxinjebyuli sxeulebi da mTxrobelebi

mxolod zepir, gadmocemebiT ifarglebodnen. Sesabamisad

1980iani wlebis miwurulisTvis aSS-s mTavrobam danaSaulebriv

samyaros mier organoTa transplantaciis SesaZleblobas saer-

To saxeli Ùrban legend~ – urbanuli legenda uwoda da igi

miTiuri – ararsebul movlenad aRiara.[58, 3-11]

adamianis organoTa transplantaciis ukanono biznesis

arsebobaze da mis farTo masStabebze mniSvnelovani kvle-

vebi Caatara amerikelma anTropologma, kaliforniis

berklis universitetis samedicino anTropologiis pro-

gramis direqtorma nensi Sefer-hiujsma (Nancy Scheper-Hugh-

es). man 1997 wels daarsa organizacia Òrgans Watch~

(organoebze Tvalyuri) romlis mizani iyo msoflio masS-

tabiT adamianis organoebiT ukanono vaWrobis Seswavla.

Sefer-hiujsma Seiswavala ra organoTa trefikingis biz-

nesi, daaskvna, rom organoTa trefikingis biznesSi CarTul

organizaciaTa umravlesoba aris ebrauli warmoSobis, isini

warmoadgenen am danaSaulebrivi biznesis wammarTav mTavar

Zalas, romelTac gaaCniaT kavSirebi msoflios yvela kuTxe-

Si, hyavT sakuTari msxverplTa rekrutirebis didi struq-

tura, sabanko angariSebi, gaaCniaT sakuTari samogzauro

saagentoebi msxverplTa legaluri transportirebisaTvis.[50]

Sefer-hiujsis gancxadebiT, romelic man CNN-is gadace-

ma `Hard Talk~-Si 2008 wels gaakeTa, am saqmianobiT dakave-

bul ebraeli warmoSobis pirovnebebTan gasaubrebam gamoav-

lina, rom isini TavianT saqmianobas amarTleben ebrael

xalxis mimarT ganxorcielebuli genocidiT. isini moqmedeben

principiT `Tvali Tvalis wil, kbili kbilis wil~, maTi

TqmiT `msoflio valSia ebraelTa mimarT~ da isini “Seec-

debian yvela SesaZlo organos xelSi Cagdebas, razec maT

xeli miuwvdebaT~.[50, 15-17]

aRsaniSavia, rom israelis mTavrobam gaacnobiera ra

arsebuli viTareba, 2008 wels moaxdina organoTa trans-

plantaciis irgvliv kanonmdeblobis miReba da akrZala

erTmaneTisTvis ucxo pirebs Soris organoTa transplan-

tacia, mxolod pirs, romelic daamtkicebs, rom resipienti

misi naTesavia, SeuZlia gadaunergos mas Tavisi organo.[83]

msoflio masStabiT yvelaze farTod gavrcelebulia

Tirkmlis gadanergva. janmrTelobis msoflio organiza-

ciis monacemebis Tanaxmad msoflioSi yovelwliurad

tardeba 70 000 Tirkmlis transplantacia, sadac donor

organoTa erTi mexuTedi arakanonier – Savi bazris meSve-

obiT maragdeba.[82] transplantaciis aseTi farTod gavr-

celeba gamowveulia ukanasknel wlebSi medicinaSi miRwe-

uli warmatebebiT.DdResdReisobiT savaldebulo aRar aris,

rom donori warmoadgendes resipientis axlo naTesavs,

Tanamedrove medikamentebis meSveobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda,

rom organizmma SeiTvisos ucxo warmoSobis organo. xolo

ukanaskneli kvlevebis mixedviT dadginda, rom gardacv-

lili donoris TirkmelTan SedarebiT cocxali adamianis-

gan gadanergili Tirkmeli orjer ufro gaaxangrZlivebs

recipientis sicocxles.

trefikingis msxverplTa gamoyenebas organoTa donorobis

mizniT aseve amwvavebs organoTa gadanergvis rigSi myof

avadmyofTa simravle, romelTa raodenobam mxolod amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebis teritoriaze 2009 wels 100 000

58 59

pirovnebas miaRwia, maSin rodesac legalur donorTa

ricxvi - im pirTa ricxvi, vinc Tanxmoba ganacxada gar-

dacvalebis Semdeg organoTa donorobaze weliwadSi

5-dan 8 aTasamde adamians farglebSi meryeobs. 2010 wl-

isTvis amerikaSi Tirkmlis rigSi Camdgar avadmyofisTvis

Sesaferisi donori organos molodini saSualod 10

weliwads Seadgens, maSin, rodesac dializze myofi avad-

myofis saSualo sicocxlis xangrZlivoba 5 weliwads ar

aWarbebs, rac avadmyofs sruliad bunebrivad ubiZgebs

sasurveli organo eZebos aralegalur bazrebze.[82]

adamianis fiziologiuri parametrebis eqsploataciaze

msxverplTa dayolieba xdeba yvela SesaZlo legaluri

Tu aralegaluri saSualebebiT. nebayoflobiTi Tanxmo-

bis garda rekrutirebis meTodebs Soris erT-erT upir-

veles adgilzea motyueba, rodesac msxverpls ibireben

sazRvargareT samuSaos Sovnis dapirebiT da Semdeg aiZule-

ben ama Tu im organos Calis fasad gayidvas. zogjer

adamians pirdapir aZleven winadadebas, gayidos Tavisi

romelime organo. RaribebisTvis sakuTari sxeulis nawi-

lebi zogjer erTaderTi saqonelia, romlis gayidvac maT

SeuZliaT, raTa ojaxi materialurad uzrunvelyon an Tavi

daaRwion savalo kabalas.

bolo dros ruseTis teritoriaze gamovlinda mrava-

li faqti, rodesac wvevamdel samxedro mosamsaxureebs

iyenebdnen organoTa donorebad, ris Semdegadac maT

asaRebdnen rogorc TviTmkvlelobis an ubeduri SemTxve-

vis msxverplebad. es faqtebi farTod gaSuqda sxvadasxva

masmediis saSualebebiT, maT Soris qarTuli sainforma-

cio arxebiTac da gamoiwvia sazogadoebis SeSfoTeba. rac

Seexeba saqarTvelos, aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos terito-

riaze ukanaskneli aTwleulis manZilze organoTa tre-

fikingis gamovlenili faqtebis ar arseboba.

komerciuli mizniT qalis reproduqciuli unaric gamo-

iyeneba. am SemTxvevaSi qalis organizmi eqspluatirdeba

fexmZimobisa da mSobiarobisTvis. dabadebis Semdeg ki bavSvi

sxva adamianebis xelSi xvdeba, romelTac SeuZliaT axal-

Sobili gaSvilebis an magaliTad organoTa transplanta-

ciis mizniT gayidva.

trefikingSi CarTul damnaSaveTaTvis aseve metad mimzid-

velia orsuli qalebis gadayvana sazRvarze, im qveynis

mimarTulebiT, sadac arsebobs moTxovna gasaSvilebel

bavSvebze. aseT orsulebs amSobiareben daniSnulebis sax-

elmwifoSi, ris safuZvelzec dabadebuli bavSvi am konkre-

tuli saxelmwifos moqalaqe xdeba da maTi gaSvileba

Sesabamisad mravali formalobisgan Tavisufldeba. es pra-

qtika ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba amerikis SeerTebuli State-

bis mimarTebiT. trefikingis aseTi saxe detalurad aRwe-

res ungreTSi, sadac policiam aSS-sa da kanadaSi gada-

sayvani jer ar dabadebuli bavSvebiT movaWreTa mTeli

iatakqveSa qseli aRmoaCina, romelic sam welze met xans

moqmedebda da asze meti danaSaulebrivi qmedeba ganaxor-

ciela.[19, 172]

aqve unda iTqvas, rom bolo wlebSi warmoCinda adami-

anis eqspluataciis axali mimarTulebebi, romlebic

logikurad ver jdeba verc Sromis eqspluataciaSi da

verc fiziologiuri parametrebis eqsploataciaSi. saubaria

adamianis wamebis mizniT xelSi Cagdebaze da internet

pedofiliaze. internet pedofiliis dros savaWro faseu-

lobas warmoadgens foto da video masala, romelic asaxavs

arasrulwlovan msxverplze Zaladobas. xolo ritualuri

wamebis dros msxverpli gamoiyeneba satanistur da sxva

saxis ritualebSi sxvadasxva miznebis misaRwevad. am dros

eqspluatatorebisTvis mniSvnelovania msxverplis mier

gancdili tkivili, rac ar warmoadgens arc fiziologiuri

60 61

parametrebis eqsploataciis nairsaxeobas da arc Sromis

eqspluataciis saxes.[64]

saqarTveloSi trefikingis zogierTi gamovlenis formis

dadasturebuli SemTxvevebis ar arsebobis miuxedavad ar

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom maT bunebaSi adgili ar hqoni-

aT, mxedvelobaSi misaRebia ra qarTuli mentaliteti,

msxverplis sazogadoebidan gariyvis SiSi da saerTod am

tipis danaSaulis maRali latenturoba.

$2. trefikingis msxverpli subieqtebi - viqtimuroba

adamianTa trefikingze sruli suraTis Camosayalible-

blad aseve aucilebelia gaanalizdes trefikingis msxver-

pli subieqtebi da maTi viqtimuroba.[24, 46-47]

subieqtis mixedeiT adamianTa trefikingi SeiZleba

daiyos mamakacebis, qalTa da bavSvTa eqspluataciad.

adamianiT vaWroba _ trefikingis mxriv viqtimurobiT

gamoirCevian mdedrobiTi sqesis reproduqciuli asakis

warmomadenlebi.[21, 121-144] 1999 wlis monacemebiT trefi-

kingis msxverplTa absolutur umravlesobas mdedrobi-

Ti sqesis pirebi warmoadgendnen, msxverplTa mTeli

raodenobis mxolod 2%-s Seadgendnen mamrobiTi sqesis

warmomadgenlebi.[39] rac Seexeba ukanasknel kvlevebs, 2009

wlis gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis monacemebiT es

suraTi Secvlilia: amjerad srulwlovan qalTa procen-

tuli raodenoba Seadgens 66%, srulwlovan mamakacTa

raodenobam Seadgina 12%, arasrulwlovani gogonebis

raodenoba 13 procentia, xolo biWebis 9 procenti.[25, 11]

aRniSnuli monacemebis sxvaoba ganpirobebulia trefik-

ingis axali formebis identificirebiT da trefikingis

gamovlenis formebis daxvewiT.

mdedrobiTi sqesis msxverplTa raodenoba sWarbobs,

radgan qalebi Tavisi socialuri statusisa da fsiqofizi-

ologiuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT ufro metad

xdebian kriminaluri eqspluataciis msxverplni. am fenom-

enis axsnis ramdenime mizezi arsebobs, qalebs axasi-

aTebT ufro mkveTrad gamoxatuli viqtimuri qceva. Cveu-

lebriv, msxverplTa warmoSobis qveynebSi umuSevroba

qalebs Soris metia mamakacTa Soris umuSevrobaze. kar-

gad anazRaurebadi samuSaos Sovnis erTaderT SesaZle-

blobad, mraval umuSevar qals, sazRvargareT ufro mdi-

dar qveynebSi gasvla esaxeba da amis ganxorcielebis SesaZ-

leblobis SemTxvevaSi is naklebad fiqrobs mosalodnel

safrTxeebze. garda amisa, fizikurad qalebi mamakacebze

sustebi arian, amitom movaWreebs uioldebaT maTi gakont-

roleba da Sesabamisad isini ufro mimzidvel samiznes

warmoadgenenen. amasTanave, qalebis eqspluataciis SesaZ-

lebloba gansakuTrebiT seqsualur biznesSi gacilebiT

farToa, vidre mamakacebSi.

aRsaniSnavia bolo droindeli kvlevebi, romlis mixed-

viTac mdedrobiTi sqesi warmoCinda ara mxolod rogorc

yvelaze gavrcelebuli trefikingis msxverpli, aramed isini

warmosdgebian rogorc eqspluatatorTa mniSvnelovani

nawili. magaliTad latviaSi trefikingis muxliT gasa-

marTlebul pirTa 53% qalbatonebi Seadgenen, safrangeT-

Si 32%, kviprosze 30%, maSin, rodesac danaSaulTa saerTo

maCvenebelSi maTi raodenoba 10 procents ar aRemateba da

es suraTi saerToa gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis

kvleviT mocul 46 saxelmwifoTaTvis.[25, 10]

rac Seexeba mamakacTa eqspluatacias, aq ZiriTadad

gamoiyeneba fizikuri Sromis iZuleba. magaliTad, maT

iyeneben saxlebis mSeneblobisTvis, miwis samuSaoebze da

sxva mZime samuSaoTa sawarmoeblad. garda amisa, mamakace-

62 63

bis gamoyenebis kidev erT sferos warmoadgens SeiaraRebul

konfliqtebSi maTi Cabma. magaliTad, ukrainaSi adgili

hqonda mamakacebis Sekrebas kavkasiis regionSi samSeneb-

lo samuSaoebis sawarmoeblad. amis nacvlad ki isini

yarabaRis konfliqtis monawileebad iqcnen. [19, 158]

xolo ~arasrulwlovani bavSvebis~ eqspluatacia xdeba

iseT sferoebSi, sadac ar sWirdebaT mZime fizikuri

Sroma. maT iyeneben sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebSi, xel-

ze mosamsaxureebad da a.S., araiSviaTad maT abamen bavSvTa

pornografiaSi da prostituciaSi.~[52] arasrulwlovanebis

eqspluatacia farTod gavrcelebulia indoeTSi da aziis

sxva naklebganviTarebul saxelmwifoebSi, iq sadac Sobado-

ba maRalia.

adamianiT vaWroba trefikingisTvis viqtimur qcevas

warmoadgens pirovnebis windauxedaoba, misi minmdobloba,

rac ZiriTadad cru dasaqmebis organizaciebTan urTier-

TobaSi negatiurad iCens Tavs. aseve momatebuli viqtimu-

robiT gamoirCevian seqs-industriaSi dasaqmebuli pirebi.

adamianiT vaWroba _ trefikingis danaSaulisaTvis dama-

xasiaTebelia iseTi negatiuri movlenebi, rogorc msxver-

plTa `reviqtimizaciaa~ da `meoradi viqtimizacia~ - igive

danaSaulis Semdgomi viqtimizacia.

reviqtimizacia es aris movlena, rodesac danaSaulis

Tu sxvagvari Zaladobis msxverpli pirovneba statis-

tikurad didi albaTobiT midrekilia ganmeorebiT gaxdes

danaSaulis Tu sxvagvari Zaladobis msxverpli.[55, 479-

502] reviqtimizacias SeiZleba adgili hqondes pirveladi

viqtimizaciidan mokle periodis Semdgom, gansakuTrebiT

maSin, roca ar aRmoifxvra is garemo pirobebi, ris gamo-

isobiTac pirovneba gaxda msxverpli. aseT pirobebad xSirad

gvevlineba sacxovrebeli an samuSao garemo, mouwesrige-

beli ojaxuri mdgomareoba, narkomania an alkoholizmi,

agresiuli temperamenti, umuSevroba da a.S. reviqtimiza-

cias aseve SeiZleba adgili hqondes pirveladi viqtimiza-

ciidan mravali wlis gasvlis Semdeg, rac ZiriTadad dama-

xasiaTebelia seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverplTaTvis,

romelTa umravlesoba, gansakuTrebiT gancdili fsiqo-

logiuri travmis gamo, rCeba midrekili msgavsi tipis

viqtimurobisaken.[56]

trefikingis danaSaulis msxverplTaTvis reviqtimizacia

Zalzed aqtualuri movlenaa, radgan is pirebi, romlebmac

moaxerxes da Tavi daaRwies monobas, sakuTar ojaxSi dab-

runebis Semdeg xSir SemTxvevaSi brundebian isev im garemo

pirobebSi (umuSevroba, siRatake), romelmac igi aiZula

eZia dasaqmeba arakeTilsaimedo organizaciebSi, xSir SemTx-

vevebSi ki yofili msxverplis rekrutirebaSi Tavdapirve-

lad CarTulma pirebma ician am pirebis ojaxis Sesaxeb da

isini aiZuleben maT daubrundnen eqspluatatorebs zewo-

lis da iZulebis sxvadasxva xerxebis gamoyenebiT.

`meoradi viqtimizacia~ - danaSaulis Semdgomi viqtimiza-

cia – aris mdgomareoba, rodesac pirovnebas cxovrebaSi

eqmneba problemebi misi pirveladi viqtimizaciidan gamom-

dinare.[88] am SemTxvevaSi magaliTad SeiZleba movitanoT

gaupatiurebis SemTxveva mkacr orTodoqsul sazogadoe-

baSi - gansakuTrebiT mZime formebSi es movlena gvxvdeba

Tu gaupatiurebis faqtiT moxda qaliSvilobis dakargva,

rodesac msxverpls mxolod imitom, rom igi aRmoCnda

msgavsi danaSaulis msxverpli, Tavis cxovrebis mTel manZi-

lze edeba daRi, xdeba maTi sazogadoebidan izolacia,

ojaxidan gandevda da ukidures SemTxvevebSi xdeba maTi

Caqolvac ki.[89]

reviqtimizaciis da meoradi viqtimizaciis Tavidan asaci-

leblad saxelmwifoebSi moqmedeben specializirebuli

trefikingis msxverplTa daxmarebisa da dacvis organiza-

64 65

ciebi, romlebic msxverplT uzrunvelyofen finansurad,

sacxovrebliT da axali piradobis damadasturebeli

dokumentebiT, raTa ar moxdes maTi trefikerebis mxridan

idenTifikacia. msgavsi tipis dawesebulebebi saqarTve-

loSic funqcionireben, razec mogvianebiT gvaqvs saubari.

aRsaniSnavia saqarTveloSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis muSaobac trefikingis msxverplTa reviq-

timizaciisgan da danaSaulis Semdgomi viqtimizaciisgan

dacvis mxriv, ase magaliTad, saqarTveloSi moqmed ara-

samTavrobo organizacia ̀ adamianis harmoniuli ganviTare-

bis sazogadoeba~ ramodenime wlis manZilze aZlevda TavSe-

safars centraluri aziis erT-erT saxelmwifos moqalaqe

gogonas, romelsac sxva yvela saWiro daxmarebasTan er-

Tad Seuqmnes egreT wodebuli biografia, viTomda igi

cxovrobda da muSaobda parizSi, ris damadastureblad

fotoSopis meSveobiT gaukeTes fotomasala cnobil RirS-

esaniSnaobebTan, es yvelaferi gakeTda imisaTvis, rom

aziuri mentalitetis gaTvaliswinebiT samSobloSi dabru-

nebis Semdeg ar momxdariyo misi ojaxidan gaaZeveba an

sxva ufro mkacri zomebis gatareba da momxdariyo misi

sazogadoebaSi srulfasovani integracia.[87]

$3. adamianTa trefikingSi Cabmuli organizaciebi

da damnaSaveTa kategoriebi

adamianTa trefikingis ganxorcieleba umetes SemTxveveb-

Si poulobs jgufuri danaSaulobis, kerZod misi erT_erTi

formis organizebuli danaSaulobis saxes, risi ganmasxva-

vebeli niSania damnaSave pirebisaTvis mogebis gegmiuri

miReba.

adamianTa trefikingis simwvaves, sirTules da jgufuro-

bas adasturebs masSi Cabmul organizaciaTa saxeebi da

formebi.

iseve rogorc arsebobs sxvadasxva saxis teroristuli

organizaciebi, romlebsac gaaCniaT erTmaneTisgan radi-

kalurad gansxvavebuli, konkretuli specifikidan gamo-

mdinare struqtura, aseve arseboben mravali saxis tre-

fikingiT dakavebuli organizaciebi. rig SemTxvevaSi tre-

fikingiT dakavebuli dajgufebebi maRali ierarqiulo-

biT gamoirCevian, CarTuli arian saerTaSoriso danaSa-

ulebriv qselSi, ewevian narkotikebis, iaraRis, adamiane-

bis vaWrobas, aseve ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobis SemTx-

vevaSi erTvebian nebismier sxva maRalanazRaurebadi produ-

qciiT saerTaSoriso ukanono vaWrobis procesSi. aseT

organizaciebs gaaCniaT maRali eTnikuri identuroba, xSir

SemTxvevebSi warmoadgenen eTnikur mafiur dajgufebebs,

rogoricaa italiuri, albanuri, rusuli mafia. sxva SemT-

xvevebSi gxvdeba trefikingiT dakavebuli dajgufebebis

sruliad sxva suraTi, roca danaSauli xorcieldeba

mravali mcire dajgufebis mier, romelTac didwilad ar

gaaCniaT mWidro urTierTkavSirebi, ar warmoadgenen mo-

noeTnikur dajgufebebs da romelTa kavSiris safuZveli

Semosavlis miRebis mizania. organizaciebis aseTi gansxva-

vebuloba qmnis problemebs samarTaldamcavebisTvis, radgan

is midgoma, romelic SeiZleba gamarTlebuli iyos erTi

tipis dajgufebis mimarT, sruliad usargeblod gvevlineba

sxva SemTxvevebSi.[29, 2]

trefikingSi Cabmul struqturaTa qseli, eqspertTa

azriT, sami saxis organizaciebisgan Sedgeba:

farTo masStabiani dajgufebebi - romelsac mniSvnelo-

vani politikuri da finansuri kontaqtebi aqvT, rogorc

66 67

msxverplTa warmoSobis aseve tranzitis da daniSnulebis

saxelmwifoebSi;

saSualo masStabis dajgufebebi, romelTa danaSauleb-

rivi saqmianobac mxolod erTi qveyniT Semoifargleba;

mcire dajgufebebi, romelTa saqmianoba trefikingis

kuTxiT sistematur da intensiur xasiaTs ar atarebs.

farTomasStabiani dajgufebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia

ierarqiuli saerTaSoriso struqtura, yvela doneze poli-

tikuri da ekonomikuri kavSirebiT, rogorc warmoSobis,

ise daniSnulebis saxelmwifoebSi. maT saqmianobas zogadad

adgili aqvs kanonier safars miRma, tranzitisa da daniS-

nulebis saxelmwifoTa gansxvavebul samarTlisa da admi-

nistraciuli praqtikis srulyofil codnas emyareba, ris

saSualebiTac isini pouloben adgils funqcionirebi-

saTvis. aseTi dajgufebebis elementebs Seadgenen lega-

luri organizaciebic, anu firmebi, romlebic msxverpl-

Ta warmoSobis saxelmwifoSi sruliad legalurad arian

daregistrirebulebi da Sesabamisad msxverplT ar uCn-

debaT eWvi maT realur miznebTan dakavSirebiT. aseve aseT

organizaciaTa qselSi SeiZleba iyos legalurad momuSave

turoperatorebi, samogzauro saagentoebi da msgavsi mom-

saxurebis gamwevi organizaciebi romlebic sxva SemTxve-

vebSi legaluradac axorcieleben adamianTa sazRvarze

gadayvanas da sakmaod maRali reputacia gaaCniaT.

saSualo zomis dajgufebebi ZiriTadad imiT gansxvavde-

bian farTomaStabiani dajgufebebisgan, rom sxva jgufebze

ar yidian msxverplT, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ar awarmoeben

adamianTa kontrabandas da mxolod daniSnulebis saxelm-

wifoSi igdeben maT xelT, isini TavianTi kontrolis qveS

hyavT, aTavseben da amuSaveben TavianT dawesebulebebSi.

mcire dajgufebebis saqmianoba, rogorc cnobilia,

efuZneba aralegaluri muSaxelis moTxovnas bazarze da

Sesabamisi moTxovnis gaCenasTan erTad, savaraudo msxver-

plis ioli xelmisawvdomobis SemTxvevaSi erTveba am saqmi-

anobaSi. aseTi dajgufebebis moRvaweoba adamianTa trefi-

kingis kuTxiT arasistematiur xasiaTs atarebs da mxo-

lod sarfiani SemoTavazebis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi Cadis mas.

es gradacia srulad Seesabameba jgufuri danaSaulo-

bis evoluciis ZiriTad fazebs, sadac umartives dones –

SemTxveviTi forma, saSualo dones – dualisturi forma

da umaRles dones – ganviTarebuli forma warmoadgens.

[3, 39] Sesabamisad SeiZleba paralelebi gaevlos umarti-

ves – mcire masStabianTan, saSualo done _ saSualo maSta-

bianTan da umaRles dones _ farTomasStabian dajgufe-

basTan.

ZiriTadad, danaSaulebrivi organizaciis xasiaTis miuxe-

davad, adamianTa trefikingSi CarTuli arian damnaSaveTa

Semdegi kategoriebi:

1. Semkrebi - piri, romelic axdens msxverplTa rek-

rutirebas;

2. gamcilebeli - piri, romelic axorcielebs gadayvan-

as, maT Soris da aramxolod saxelmwifoTa sazRvrebze;

3. eqspluatatori - piri, romelic uSualod axorcielebs

msxverplTa resursebis ukanonod gamoyenebas;

4. Suamavali - piri, romelic uzrunvelyofs kavSirs

Semkrebebs, gadamyvanebsa da eqspluatatorebs Soris;

5. damxmare - piri, romelic trefikingis sxvadasxva

etapze axorcielebs momsaxurebis aucilebel saxeebs:

dacvas, falsificirebuli dokumentebis damzadebas da

a.S.;

6. mfarveli - piri, romelic axdens dacvas saxelmwifo

da samarTaldamcavi struqturebisagan.[19, 139]

es pirebi SeiZleba mogvevlinos rogorc konkretuli

adamianis, dajgufebis, aseve mTeli organizaciuli stru-

68 69

qturis saxiT da ar aris savaldebulo, rom konkretul

danaSaulSi monawileoba miiRos yvela zemoTCamoTvlil-

ma kategoriam.

arsebobs aseve mcirericxovani jgufi adamianebisa,

romlebic daniSnulebis saxelmwifoSi xvdebian zemoTmo-

yvanili organizaciebis da damnaSaveTa kategoriebis mxri-

dan daxmarebis gareSe. es adamianebi sazRvris gadasakveTad

iyeneben rogorc kanonieri, ise ukanono meTodebis farTo

speqtrs, xSirad sxvaTa daxmarebasac.

miuxedavad im saSualebisa, romliTac msxverpli moxv-

da daniSnulebis qveyanaSi, trefikingis Suamavali rgol-

is gavliT Tu ara, isini mimReb saxelmwifos samarTal-

damcavebis mxridan dakavebis da deportaciis SiSiT TiTqmis

yovelTvis Sedian trefikingis imave wreSi, sadac iZule-

buli arian gamoiyenon danaSaulebrivi organizaciis mier

SemoTavazebuli dabal-anazRaurebadi da aralegaluri

samsaxuri, rac xSirad nebayoflobiT safuZvelze xdeba.

aqve gvinda saqarTvelos realobaze gavamaxviloT yurad-

Reba. saqarTveloSi adamianTa vaWrobas ZiriTadad sponta-

nuri xasiaTi gaaCnia, Sesabamisad, mcire masStabian dajgu-

febebs da kerZo pirTa individualur-danaSaulebriv inici-

ativas aqvs adgili, rasac adasturebs sasamarTlo statis-

tika, ris mixedviTac adamianiT vaWroba _ trefikingiT

dakavebul yvelaze did jgufebSi, romelTa gasamarTle-

bac moxda 2010 wlamde, monawileTa raodenoba ar aRemate-

boda 5 pirs, xolo sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa umravle-

soba moicavda mxolod erTi piris braleul qmedebas.

saqarTveloSi trefikingis danaSaulisTvis gasamarTle-

buli fizikuri pirebi Tu dajgufebebi upiratesad eweodnen

msxverplTa sazRvargareT gadayvanas, radgan saqarTvelos

im teritoriaze, sadac vrceldeba saxelmwifo xelisu-

fleba, dResdReisobiT TiTqmis SeuZlebelia msxverplTa

faruli eqspluatacia. aseTi viTareba albaT qarTuli

samarTaldamcavi organoebis siZlieres da xelisuflebis

Sesabamis nebas unda mivaweroT.

ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTveloSi gamovlenil trefi-

kingSi CarTul pirTa funqcia umeteswilad msxverplTa

rekrutirebiT Semoifargleboda, risTvisac ZiriTadad

msxverplis motyueba gamoiyeneboda.

trefikingis danaSaulSi monawile damnaSave pirebi Tavis

TavSi aerTianebdnen Semkrebis, gamcileblis da nawilob-

riv damxmaris funqciasac. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom

saqarTveloSi ar gamovlenila organizacia, romelic

sistematurad da didi raodenobiT msxverplTa erTdroul

gadayvanas axdenda sazRvarze.

qarTuli warmoSobis msxverplni umetes SemTxvevaSi

Tavad afinanseben sazRvargareT mgzavrobis xarjebs,

fiqroben ra, rom iq Cveulebrivi legaluri dasaqmeba

eliT. xolo saqarTveloSi msjavrdebulTa umravleso-

ba, mxolod erTi pirovnebis mimarT trefikingis ganxor-

cielebisTvis aris dapatimrebuli, anu maTTvis es saqmi-

anoba sistematiur xasiaTs ar atarebda..

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb zemoTmoyvanil debulebebs amt-

kicebs da saqarTveloze, rogorc msxverplTa warmoSobis

saxelmwifoze saubaria 2010 wlis amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis adamianis trefiking-

is yovelwliur angariSSi, sadac saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

moxsenebis nawili iwyeba Semdegi teqstiT:

`saqarTvelo warmoadgens mdedrobiTi sqesis msxver-

plTa warmoSobis saxelmwifos, gansakuTrebiT iZulebiT

prostituciis mizniT da iZulebiT Sromis msxverpl srul-

wlovan pirebis warmoSobis saxelmwifos. 2009 wels qarTve-

li gogonebi da qalebi warmosdgnen, rogorc iZulebiTi

prostituciis msxverplni uSualod saqarTvelos teri-

70 71

toriaze, aseve TurqeTs, arabeTis gaerTianebuli saemiro-

ebis da saberZneTis teritoriaze. bolo ramodenime wlis

manZilze qarTvel mandilosanTa iZulebiTi prostituci-

is SemTxvevebi dokumentalurad dafiqsirda aseve ruse-

Tis, germaniis da avstriis sazRvrebSi. qarTvel mamakac-

Ta da qalTa Sromis iZuleba xdeba rogorc Tavad saqarTve-

los, aseve libiisa da TurqeTis teritoriaze. xolo Turqi

mamakacebis Sromis eqspluatacias adgili aqvs afxazeTis

teritoriaze, romelic saqarTvelos xelisuflebis kont-

rolidan gasuli teritoriaa...~ [84, 154]

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis warmateba organizebul

danaSaulebriv dajgufebebTan brZolaSi aSkaraa da yve-

la Sidasaxelmwifoebriv Tu saerTaSoriso Sefasebis da

analizis monacemebiT dasturdeba. qveyanaSi mimdinareobs

farTomasStabiani da, rac mTavaria, warmatebuli brZola

danaSaulobis winaaRmdeg, magram ratomRac prostitucia

warmoadgens gamonakliss, razec saxelmwfo jer-jero-

biT Tvals xuWavs, uSvebs ra bordelebis da sxva seqsmom-

saxureobis dawesebulebebis ̀ farul~ arsebobas. aqve unda

iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos realobaSi, aseT dawesebule-

bebSi momsaxure personali nebayoflobiT safuZvelze

grovdebian da ZiriTadad ar aqvs adgili maT mimarT pros-

tituciis iZulebas, risi mtkicebis saSualebas aseTi iZu-

lebis faqtebis gamJRavnebis ar arseboba gvaZlevs. Sesa-

bamisad, ar SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom seqs industriis

dawesebulebebis ase Tavisuflad arseboba qmnis raime

saxis negatiur fons adamianTa trefikingis gavrcelebis

kuTxiT.

amgvarad, miRebuli informaciis analizis safuZvelze,

Cvens mier gakeTda daskvna, rom saqarTveloSi trefiking-

is prevencia yvelaze efeqturad SeiZleba ganxorcieldes

sazogadoebaSi informaciis gavrcelebis saSualebiT,

gansakuTrebiT viqtimurobiT gamorCeul fenebSi, rogor-

icaa umuSevrebi da qveynis datovebis msurvelni.

vTvliT, rom aucilebelia moxdes miznobrivi permanen-

tuli antitrefikinguli sainformacio RonisZiebebis ga-

tareba, romlebic SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mcire danaxar-

jebiT iseTi programebis meSveobiT, rogoricaa, magali-

Tad Tbilisis meriis programa ìnglisuris da kompiute-

ris ufaso kursebi,~ sadac umuSevari mosaxleobis didi

masebis Tavmoyra xdeba da romlebic trefikingis mxriv

mometebuli viqtimurobiT gamoirCevian. maT SeiZleba

daurigdeT bukletebi an verbaluri informacia miewodoT

trefikingis safrTxis Sesaxeb. aseve sasurveli iqneba iseT

miznobriv Jurnal-gazeTebSi, romlebic awarmoeben speci-

fikuri gancxadebebis gavrcelebas, magaliTad: `sityva da

saqme,~ Sesabamis gverdze moxdes trefikingis Sesaxeb mcire

vizualuri masalis gamoqveyneba.

$4. trefikingis msxverplTa dasamorCileblad

gamoyenebuli iZulebis saSualebebi

adamianiT vaWrobis - trefikingis msxverplTa dasamor-

Cileblad gamoiyeneba iZulebis Semdegi saSualebebi:

1. fizikuri iZuleba;

2. fsiqologiuri iZuleba;

3. ekonomikuri iZuleba;

4. iuridiuli damokidebuleba.

1) fizikuri iZuleba – kriminaluri eqspluataciis

mocemul SemTxvevaSi msxverpls fizikuri Zalis gamoye-

nebiT aiZuleben gawios samsaxuri da SesaZlebelia igi

fizikurad daSavdes kidec.[36, 52] msxverpli iZulebulia

daemorCilos eqspluatatoris miTiTebebs da Seasrulos

72 73

konkretuli saqmianoba Tavisi survilis sawinaaRmdegod

fizikuri Zaladobis, sxeulis sxvadasxva simZimis daziane-

bis, cemis, wamebis SiSiT. am dros msxverplisaTvis arse-

bobs egreTwodebuli werilobiTi `qcevis wesebi~, rom-

lis yoveli darRvevisTvis msxverpls mkacrad, fizikurad

uswordebian. magaliTad, Zaladobis gamoyenebas adgili

aqvs msxverplis daumorCileblobis SemTxvevaSi, dakisrebu-

li samuSaos arasaTanadod SesrulebisTvis, gaqcevis mcde-

lobisas da a.S. mocemuli pirovnebis mimarT gamoiyeneba

mkacri sasjeli sastiki cemis, wamebis, sakvebis Sewyvetis

da winaaRmdegobis CaxSobis sxva sastiki meTodebis gamoy-

enebis saxiT.

fizikuri iZulebis gamoyenebis dros, garda uSualod

Zaladobisgan sxeulze miyenebuli fizikuri travmebisa,

saubaria im SemTxvevebzec, rodesac eqspluatatori mizan-

dasaxulad aRukveTs msxverpls sasicocxlo moTxoenile-

bebis dakmayofilebis saSualebas, kerZod: sakvebis, sasme-

lis, samedicino daxmarebis ar micemaze, an gadaadgile-

bis da urTierTobis Tavisuflebis SezRudvaze. msgavsi

SezRudvebiT msxverpls aiZuleben gaakeTos is, rasac misgan

moiTxoven.

fizikuri iZulebisas ZaladobasTan erTad trefikiorebi

zogjer mimarTaven Zliermoqmed fsiqotropul preparatebsa

da narkotikul nivTierebebs, romelTac isini iyeneben

msxverplis nebis dasaTrgunad da eqspluataciis gasaad-

vileblad (es meTodi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba seqsualuri

eqspluataciis dros).

trefikerebma narkotikuli preparatebi SeiZleba gam-

oiyenon, rogorc msxverplisTvis ZaldatanebiT, aseve

Zaldautaneblad, preparatis sakvebSi SereviT, an misi

micemiT viTomda wamlis saxiT. rac SemdgomSi msxverplis

am preparatebze damokidebuls xdis da uzrunvelyofs

msxverplTa mzadyofnas Seasrulos eqspluatatoris ne-

bismieri moTxovna preparatis morigi dozis miRebis mizniT.

fsiqotropuli nivTierebis gamoyenebis magaliTad SeiZ-

leba movitanoT ruseTis televiziiT gadmocemuli repor-

taJi, romelic exeboda adamianTa jgufis istorias, rom-

lebic aRmoCenis dros ver ixsenebden verafers TavianTi

warsulis Sesaxeb. gamoZiebam ki ivarauda, rom isini iyvnen

kriminaluri eqspluataciis msxverplni, romlebzec zemo-

qmedebdnen raRac ucnobi Zliermoqmedi qimiuri prepara-

tis saSualebiT, riTac xdeboda maTi nebis, winaaRmdego-

bis unaris daqveiTeba da aseve mexsierebis waSla.[36, 52]

2) fsiqologiuri iZuleba – gulisxmobs muqaras Tavad

msxverplis an misi ojaxis wevrTa mimarT. igi aris msxver-

plze zemoqmedebis da kontrolis metad daxvewili da

mniSvnelovani forma, radgan fsiqologiuri iZulebis

gamoyenebisas ar rCeba ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis mate-

rialuri mtkicebulebebi, rogorc es msxverplis sxeulze

miyenebuli travmuli anabeWdebis saxiT gvxvdeba fizikuri

iZulebis dros.

fsiqologiuri iZulebis erTaderT mtkicebulebad

msxverplis sityvieri Cveneba gvevlineba. miuxedavad

gancdili fizikuri tkivilis ar arsebobisa fsiqologiuri

iZuleba msxverpls ayenebs aranakleb tkivils, romelic

rig SemTxvevebSi ufro mZimed aisaxeba pirovnebaze da mis

Semdgom cxovrebaze.

Zaladobis es saxeoba SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas

rogorc msxverplis, aseve misi axloblebis mimarT. fsiqi-

kuri zemoqmedebis meTodebis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare,

gamoiyofa fsiqikuri iZulebis ori saxe: SantaJi da fizi-

kuri Zaladobis gamoyenebis muqara.

SantaJi – mas ZiriTadad safuZvlad udevs msxverplis

an misi ojaxis wevrebis Sesaxeb saxelis gamtexi infor-

74 75

maciis gavrcelebis safrTxe. adamiani xdeba damorCilebu-

li, vinaidan mas ar SeuZlia dauSvas iseTi informaciis

gavrceleba, romelsac SeiZleba Tan axldes negatiuri

saxis Sedegebi, zemoT CamoTvlili romelime piris an

pirebisTvis. amis gamo msxverpli Tanaxmaa eqspluataciaze

da morCilebaze. amis magaliTad, aris SemTxvevebi, rode-

sac xdeba sazRvargareT specialobis mixedviT samuSaod

wasuli qalis eqspluatireba seqsindustriaSi, igi xSirad

iZulebulia ganagrZos amgvari saqmianoba imis muqaris

SiSiT, rom amis Sesaxeb cnobili gaxdeba misi axloblebisa

da ojaxisaTvis.[19, 160]

literaturaSi dafiqsirebulia SemTxvevebi, roca seqs-

biznesSi eqspluatirebul qalebs iRebdnen videokameriT

da aSantaJebdnen mudmiv sacxovrebel adgilze am masalis

gavrcelebiT, riTac cdilobdnen aRekveTaT eqspluata-

ciaze uaris Tqmis, gaqcevis an dasaxmareblad policii-

saTvis mimarTvis SemTxvevebi. TbilisSi moxda tragikuli

SemTxveva: trefikingis erT-erTma msxverplma, romelic

cdilobda pasuxisgebaSi mieca adamianebi, romelTac igi

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi prostituciisTvis gayides,

daxmarebisa da TavSesafrisaTvis mimarTa adgilobriv

arasamTavrobo organizacias da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis

saparlamento komitets. dazaralebuls sdevnidnen ada-

mianebiT movaWreebi, romlebic imuqrebodnen mis makom-

prometirebeli videomasalis ojaxis wevrebisaTvis gada-

cemiT. SemdgomSi msxverplma veRar gauZlo fizikur zewo-

las da sicocxle TviTmkvlelobiT daasrula.[71]

garda zemoT Tqmulisa, fsiqologiuri Zaladoba Santa-

Jis saxiT xorcieldeba ukanono migrantebis mimarT. daniS-

nulebis qveyanaSi ukanonod myof msxverpls mudmivad

dapatimrebis da deportaciis safrTxe emuqreba, rasac

iyeneben danaSaulebrivi organizaciebi da aiZuleben aseT

pirebs Seasrulon sxvadasxva saxis samuSaoebi, radgan

policiisTvis gadacemis SiSiT maTi qceva advilad kontro-

lirebadi xdeba.

aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom fsiqikuri iZulebis es

meTodi - SantaJi calke iSviaTad gamoiyeneba, radganac

arsebobs ufro radikaluri da efeqturi saSualebebi,

razec qvemoTaa saubari.

fizikuri Zaladobis gamoyenebis muqara - adamianze fsi-

qikuri zemoqmedeba xdeba mokvlis an sxeulisTvis raime

saxis dazianebis miyenebis muqariT. aseTi muqara SeiZleba

mimarTuli iyos rogorc piradad trefikingis msxverplis,

aseve misi mSoblebis, Svilebis da axloblebis mimarT,

magram qmedebas Tan ar axlavs muqaris obieqtis fizikuri

xelSeuxeblobis realuri xelyofa, Tumca amis safrTxe

dgeba, radgan muqaras xSirad Tan axlavs uxeSi Zalis

TvalsaCino demonstracia, ris gamoc fizikurad gaswore-

bis safrTxe dazaralebulis mier realurad aRiqmeba.

trefikerebi daumorCileblobis an gaqcevis mcdelo-

bis SemTxvevaSi xSirad mimarTaven Zaladobis gamoyenebis

muqaras msxverplis daSinebisa da nebis daTrgunvis mizniT.

aseT muqaras ZiriTadad prevenciuli xasiaTi gaaCnia, raTa

msxverpls ar gauCinos survili Tavis daRwevaze fiqris.

fsiqologiuri iZuleba metad efeqturi aRmoCda ra-

modenime garemoebidan gamomdinare:

I) trefikiorebi ZiriTadad igive sazogadoebis, kul-

turisa da tradiciebis warmomadgenlebi arian rogorc

maTi msxverpli, Sesabamisad maT kargaT ician Tu ra sax-

is informaciis gavrceleba, an zewolis moxdena iqneba

yvelaze efeqturi konkretuli pirovnebis nebis dasaTr-

gunavad.

II) ukanono migrantebma xSir SemTxvevaSi ar ician im

saxelmwifos salaparako ena, kultura da kanonmdeblo-

76 77

ba, sadac isini aralegalurad imyofebian, Sesabamisad

trefikiorebi msxverplTa TvalSi iolad ayalibeben warmo-

dgenas, TiTqos msxverplTa samarTaldamcavebis mier aR-

moCenis SemTxvevaSi isini moxvdebian cixeSi, moxdeba maTi

dajarimeba sazRvris ukanono gadalaxvisaTvis, qveyanaSi

ukanono cxovrebisaTvis da ukeTes SemTxvevaSi moxdeba

maTi deportacia, rasac moyveba maT realur saqmianobaze

informaciis gavrceleba masmediis saSualebebiT. es meTodi

Zalian warmatebulia da xSir SemTxvevaSi msxverpli ganic-

dis sindisis qejnas, radgan hgonia, rom trefikiori mas

sikeTes ukeTebs.[90]

III) rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, fsiqologiuri iZulebis

gamoyenebis dros naklebad rCeba bralis damadasture-

beli fizikuri mtkicebulebebi, rac faqtis gamovlenis

SemTxvevaSi trefikiorTaTvis marTlmsajulebis ganxorci-

elebisgan Tavis daRwevisTvis metad mosaxerxebelia.

3) ekonomikuri iZuleba _ zogierT SemTxvevaSi eqsplu-

atatorsa da msxverpls Soris urTierTobis safuZvlad

finansuri valdebuleba gvevlineba. am Ddros pirovneba

ver axerxebs ra, rom Tavisi saxsrebiT Seasrulos dakis-

rebuli valdebuleba momavali eqspluatatoris mimarT,

iZulebulia daemorCilos mis moTxovnebs da valis da-

farvis sanacvlod Seusrulos sxva da sxva saxis mZime

samuSaoebi.

ekonomikuri iZulebis yvelaze farTod gavrcelebul

formas savalo kabala warmoadgens. igi monobis msgavsi

mdgomareobis nairsaxeobaa da gulisxmobs piris statuss

an mdgomareobas, romelic aRmocendeba movalis mier valis

uzrunvelyofis saSualebad sakuTari an mis damokide-

bulebaSi myofi piris momsaxureobis gamoyenebiT, Tuki am

momsaxurebis Rirebuleba, gonivruli SefasebiT, SeuZle-

belia gamoyenebul iqnes aRniSnuli valis aRmosafxvrelad

an aseTi momsaxurebis xangrZlivoba an buneba ar aris

saTanadod gansazRvruli da SezRuduli.

savalo kabalaSi adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplni ZiriTa-

dad xvdebian ucxo qveyanaSi yofnis dros, roca gausaZ-

lisi mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, iZulebuli arian aiRon

sesxi, raTa daikmayofilon sasicocxlod aucilebeli

elementaruli moTxovnilebebi, rasac ZiriTadad savalo

kabalaSi moqceviT dainteresebuli pirebi uzrunvelyofen.

aseve mravlad aris faqtebi, rodesac pirs ucxoeTSi gasam-

gzavreblad uwevs valebis aReba, ris gasastumrebladac

iZulebulia Seasrulos masze dakisrebuli movaleobebi.

savalo kabalas gaaCnia obieqturi da tragikuli Sede-

gebis gamoxatvis sxvadasxva formebi. magaliTad, registri-

rebulia faqtebi, roca imed-dakarguli adamianebi kredi-

torebTan angariSsworebisTvis sakuTar organoebs yidd-

nen. kerZod, iyo SemTxveva, roca saqarTvelos moqalaqem

sanqt-peterburgis firmis meSveobiT espaneTSi Tavisi

Tirkmeli gayida, risTvisac 30 000 amerikuli dolari

miiRo da valebi gaistumra. [19, 163]

ekonomikuri iZuleba xorcieldeba ara mxolod valis

arsebobis meSveobiT, aramed igi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes

maSin, rodesac msxverpls ar gaaCnia sakuTari Semosav-

lis wyaro da igi materialurad damokidebulia eqsplu-

atatorze, cxovrobs masTan da arsebobs misi Semosav-

lebiT, ris gamoc iZulebulia Seasrulos eqspluatatoris

moTxovnebi, rasac es ukanaskneli borotad iyenebs.

4) iuridiuli damokidebuleba - aseTi damokidebuleba

SeiZleba warmoiqmnas saqorwino kavSiris, sameurveo ze-

damxedvelobis da Svilad ayvanis dros, rodesac bavSvis

ayvanis, meurveobis, an daojaxebis mizania pirovnebis eqs-

pluatacia.

78 79

qorwinebaSi SesvliT warmoqmnili iuridiuli damoki-

debulebis SemTxvevebSi qorwineba registrirdeba erT-

erTi meuRlis mier meoris Semdgomi eqspluataciis mizniT,

an aseTi miznis gareSe, rodesac eqspluataciis survili

SemdgomSi warmoiqmneba. rogorc wesi, aseTi damokidebuleba

aRmocendeba, roca erT-erTi meuRleTagani sxva, nakle-

bganviTarebuli qveynis moqalaqea. umetes SemTxvevebSi am

dros erT-erTi meuRle xdeba damokidebuli meoreze imis

gamo, rom surs darCes meuRlis sacxovrebel qveyanaSi.

qorwinebaSi SesvliT warmoqmnili iuridiuli damo-

kidebulebis viqtims ZiriTadad mdedrobiTi sqesis warmo-

madgenlebi Seadgenen, romelebic meuRlesTan axal sacxov-

rebel adgilas gadasvlis Semdeg izolaciaSi xvdebian

da iZulebuli arian daeqvemdebaron eqspluatacias, rad-

ganac iuridiuli damokidebuleba gadadis ekonomikurSi.

garda amisa, qmars SeuZlia deportirebiTac daemuqros

ucxoel cols, vinaidan, rogorc wesi, moqalaqeobis micema

nebismier qeeyanaSi mudmivad cxovrebis ramdenime wlis

Semdeg xdeba da msxverpli cdilobs moiTminos es saval-

debulo periodi.

analogiuri situacia iqmneba, rodesac qorwineba fiq-

tiuria. aris safrTxe rom, aseT qorwinebaSi myof qals

`qmari~ garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi TviTon gamoi-

yenebs, xolo Semdeg seqsindustriaSi eqspluataciisaTvis

gayidis. zogierTi qveynis (magaliTad, germaniis, Sveicariis)

kanonebi ucxoel cols, migranti qalebisagan gansxvave-

biT, uflebas aZlevs meZavad imuSaos. qorwinebis safarve-

lis qveS eqspluataciisaTvis gadayvanili qali amgvarad

SeiZleba mTlianad damokidebuli aRmoCndes `qmarze~,

romelic realurad seqsmomsaxureobis dawesebulebis

mflobeli an sutenioria.[59, 248-252]

rac Seexeba arasrulwlovanTa iuridiuli damokide-

bulebis mdgomareobaSi Cayenebas, es praqtika ZiriTadad

xorcieldeba sameurveo zedamxedvelobis da Svilad ayvanis

praqtikis meSveobiT. am dros arasrulwlovani pirebi metad

daucveli arian sakuTari asakis gamo da isini SeiZleba

iolad gaxdnen meurvis Tu mSvilebelis eqspluataciis

msxverplni. saqarTveloSi Svilad ayvana Zalzed gavrce-

lebuli movlenaa, rac ganpirobebulia bavSvis ayvaniT

dainteresebul pirTa simravliT, romlebic mzad arian

didi Tanxebi gadaixadon Cvil bavSvebSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi 2009 wels gamovlinda

30-ze meti arasrulwlovniT ukanono vaWrobis faqti, ra

drosac isini gaSvilebis obieqts warmoadgendnen, xolo

ra ganzraxva amoZravebdaT myidvelebs, maT yidulobdnen

Svilad ayvanis, Semdgomi realizaciis, eqspluataciis, Tu

kide sxva raime mizniT, aravin icis.

$5. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis mdgomareobis

dinamikis ZiriTadi tendenciebi saqarTvelosTvis.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi ̀ vardebis revoluci-

is~ Semdeg adamianTa trefikingis mxriv mdgomareobia

dadebiTi dinamika warmoCinda, mkveTrad Semcirda saqar-

Tvelodan emigrantTa nakadi da saqarTvelos preziden-

tis, mixeil saakaSvilis 2009 wlis saangariSo moxsenebis

Tanaxmad, romelic saqarTvelos parlamentSi 2010 wlis

26 Tebervals waradgina, piriqiT saqarTveloSi dabru-

nebuli adamianebis raodenoba sWarbobs wamsvlelebs, [70]

rac Tavis mxriv amcirebs Cveni moqalaqeebis ucxoeTSi

trefikingis msxverplad gaxdomis saerTo risks.

80 81

adamianis vaWrobis – trefikingis Semcirebis mxriv mniS-

vnelovani roli iTamaSes damnaSaveTa organizebul sam-

yaros winaaRmdeg, bolo wlebSi saxelmwifos mier gata-

rebulma policiurma RonisZiebebma. maT mkveTrad Seamci-

res danaSaulebrivi organizaciebis ricxvi da maTi gavr-

celebis masStabebi, isini TiTqmis ukve aRar arseboben

Cvens qveyanaSi da Sesabamisad ver axdenen Cveni mosaxleo-

bis farTomasStabian Cabmas aralegalur biznesSi.

trefikingis da ukanono migraciis Semcirebis mxriv

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier

gatarebuli programa: ùcxoeTis universitetebSi Caric-

xuli qarTveli studentebis xarjebis sruliad anazRa-

urebis Sesaxeb~. romelic gulisxmobs sazRvargareTis wam-

yvan universitetebSi Caricxuli studentebis swavlis,

cxovrebis, mgzavrobis xarjebis srulad anazRaurebas,

rac aqarwylebs risks am programiT mosargeble pirebis

trefikiorTa maxeSi gabmisa da axalisebs swavlis gagr-

Zelebis msurvelTa motivacias, raTa gaiRrmaon codna

msoflioSi wamyvan saswavleblebSi, rac Tavis mxriv maT

Semdgom dasaqmebas maRal anazRaurebad dawesebulebebSi

uzrunvelyofs.[91]

rac yvelaze naTelia, qveyanaSi ekonomikuri mdgomare-

obis gaumjobeseba TavisTavad iwvevs dadebiT tendencias

trefikingTan brZolaSi, magram aqve Cndeba axali safrTxe,

saqarTvelos msxverplTa warmoSobisa da tranzitis saxel-

mwifodan, daniSnulebis saxelmwifod gadaqcevisa, rac

gardauvalia da Tavis mxriv ar mogvcems modunebis saSu-

alebas.

roca vsaubrobT saqarTvelos magaliTze raime saxis

dinamikis Sesaxeb, ar SeiZleba gverdi avuaroT agresi-

uli separatizmis rols. saqarTveloSi naTlad warmoCinda

agresiuli separatizmis mniSvneloba adamianTa trefik-

ingis gavrcelebis xelSewyobis kuTxiT, iseve rogorc

misi gansakuTrebuli adgili saxelmwifos ganviTarebis

Seferxebis saqmeSi, damangreveli roli erTa Soris urTi-

erTobebisTvis da misi sxva mravali negatiuri mxare, maT

Soris saqarTveloSi bolo 20 wlis danaSaulis dinami-

kasTan mimarTebiT.

agresiuli separatizmi aris demokratiul suverenul

saxelmwifoSi mcxovrebi mcirericxovani xalxis erovnuli,

religiuri Tu enobriv umciresobaTa liderebis mier da-

nergili ideologia an praqtika, romelic asabuTebs am

saxelmwifosgan gamoyofis aucileblobas yvela Zalismieri

saSualebis, pirvel rigSi ki SeiaraRebuli Zalis gamo-

yenebiT.[11, 8-9] separatizmi transnacionaluri korpora-

ciis nawilad gvevlineba. separatistuli jgufi Cveulebriv,

im xelisuflebis struqturebiT moqmedebs, romelic mas

xelT Cauvarda. jgufis pirobebis uzrunvelyofis mTeli

sistema òficialuri struqturebis~ formis saxiT moq-

medebs. jgufis mizani angarebiTia. xolo moqmedeba Ziri-

Tadad garedan, sxva saxelmwifodan, aris nakarnaxevi.[48,

92-95] es miswrafeba gamoyofisken saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi

inspirirebuli iyo ruseTis federaciis mier, afxazeTis

da cxinvalis regionebSi, sadac moxda qarTvelebis da

osebis, qarTvelebis da afxazebis eTnikuri dapirispire-

bis sisxlisRvraSi gadayvana. xolo dResdReisobiT es re-

gionebi okupirebulia ruseTis mier, radgan maT dainaxes

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mxridan am regionebSi iq moqmedi

bandituri dajgufebebis – mmarTveli elitis alagmvis Sesa-

Zlebloba da saqarTvelos gaerTianebis gardaualoba, rac

ruseTis mmarTvelebis mier dauSveblad miiCneva.

adamianTa trefikingis mxriv agresiuli separatizmis

mniSvneloba gamoixateba separatistul regionebSi qarTu-

li mosaxleobis eTnikur diskriminaciaSi, maT uuflebo

– monur mdgomareobaSi da maT sastik eqspluataciaSi,

82 83

ris magaliTsac xSirad vecnobiT masmediis saSualebebiT

da rasac TiTqmis yoveldRiuri xasiaTi gaaCnia.[72]

aseve separatistuli regionebi gamoiyeneba rogorc

mniSvnelovani punqtebi trefikingis msxverplTa gadayva-

nis marSrutebze da xSirad gvevlineba ucxoel moqalaqe-

Ta eqspluataciis daniSnulebis adgilebadac. razec

saubaria 2010 wlis amerikis saxelmwifo departamentis

yovelwliur angariSSi trefikingis Sesaxeb, sadac weria

rom afxazeTSi xdeba TurqeTis moqalaqeTa SromiTi tre-

fikingi.

ukontrolo regionebis arsebobam mkveTrad gazarda

saqarTveloSi trefikingis faqtebi (rogorc adamianebis,

ise iaraRis da narkotikebis). ukontrolo zonebi vardeb-

is revoluciamde warmoadgenda ZiriTad kriminogenuli

viTarebis gamamwvavebel faqtors, rogorc mimdebare ter-

itoriebisTvis ise mTeli saxelmwifosTvis, sadac xde-

boda naqurdali satransporto saSualebebis Tu sxva nivTe-

bis realizacia.

adamianTa trefikingis mxriv bolo wlebis dinamikis

procesebis sailustraciod da saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

politikis efeqturobis dasturad gvinda moviSvelioT

saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis statistika trefikingis sa-

qmeebTan dakavSirebiT, radgan statistika ar aris mxolod

faqtebis konstatacia, aramed is dakavSirebulia agreTve

movlenebis analizTan.

saqarTveloSi adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) dana-

Saulis sasamarTlo statistika saTaves iRebs 2004 wli-

dan, rodesac ZalaSi Sevida sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi

Setanili cvlilebebi, riTac moxda adamianiT vaWrobis

kriminalizacia da am braldebiT, 1431 da 1432 muxlebiT, 8

wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miesaja or pirs. yovel mom-

devno wels ganxilul saqmeTa raodenoba da msjavrde-

bul pirTa ricxvi ganicdida mkveTr matebas da miiRo

Semdegi raodenobrivi saxe[ix. danarTi 2]:

2005 wels pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilul

saqmeTa raodenobam Seadgina 8 erTeuli. gansasjelTa

raodenobam – 12, sasjelis zoma meryeobda Tavisuflebis

aRkveTiT wlinaxevridan 9 wlamde, maT Soris pirobiT

Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. am wels braldebulTa umravle-

soba warmoadgenda araqarTveli warmoSobis adamianebs.

2006 wels, pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi, 1431 da

1432 muxlebiT, ganixiles 14 sisxlis samarTlis saqme 17

piris mimarT, sasjelis diapazonma Seadgina wlinaxevri-

dan 15 wlamde.

2007 wels imave muxlebiT msjavrdebuli iqna 22

pirovneba, 15 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. aq ukve sasje-

lis minimalurma raodenobam Seadgina 5 weli da 6 Tve,

xolo maqsimalurma 26 weli, aseve pirvelad iqna gamoye-

nebuli jarima rogorc damatebiTi sasjeli, romlis moc-

ulobamac Seadgina 5000 lari.

2008 wels sasamarTloSi 9 sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

ganxilva dasrulda, msjavrdebuli iqna 12 pirovneba, sasje-

lis zoma meryebda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 8-dan 30 wlam-

de da damatebiTi jarimebis odenobam Seadgina erT SemTx-

vevaSi 10 000, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi 20 000 lari.

rac Seexeba 2009 wels, aq pirveli aTi Tvis manZilze,

pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi, ganaCeni dadga 33 piris

mimarT, 23 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, saidanac yvela

moicavda 1432 muxls anu arasrulwlovani bavSvebiT

vaWrobas, ufro konkretulad ki axalSobilebiT vaWrobas,

rac imis maCvenebelia, rom saxelmwifom yuradReba miaq-

cia am metad saWirboroto Temas, romelsac, rogorc es

monacemebic adasturebs, aqamde yuradReba ar eqceoda da

Sesabamisad samarTaldamcavebis dainteresebam gamoavli-

84 85

na maTi gansakuTrebuli simravle. rac Seexeba sasjelebs,

2009 wels kvlav warmoCinda, iseve rogorc wina wlebSi,

sasjelebis gamkacrebis tendencia, gaizarda damatebiTi

sasjelis saxiT fuladi jarimebis gamoyenebis praqtika

(miesaja 33 msjavrdebulidan 30-s) da misma maqsimalurma

raodenobam 40 000 lars miaRwia.

rac Seexeba amave periodSi miRebul saapelacio da

sakasacio gadawyvetilebebs, unda aRiniSnos, rom isini

umeteswilad ar cvlidnen da ZalaSi tovebdnen pirveli

instanciis gadawyvetilebebs, kerZod:

2006 wels saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrda 4 gadawyvetileba

4 piris mimarT, ramac Sedegad moitana mxolod erTi piris

mimarT ganaCenis damZimeba 2 wlidan 8 wlamde.

2007 wels gasaCivrda 11 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze

gamotanili gadawyvetileba, 14 piris mimarT, ramac mxo-

lod erT SemTxvevaSi Seamsubuqa msjavrdebulis sasje-

li 1 wliT, 9 wlidan - 8 wlamde da 1 SemTxvevaSi daamZima

xuTnaxevar wlidan - 8 wlamde.

2008 wels saapelacio wesiT gaasaCivres 19 piris mimarT

arsebuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, 12 sisxlis samarT-

lis saqmeze. saidanac radikalurad gadaixeda erTi gan-

aCeni da sasjeli Semcirda 9 wlidan da 6 Tvidan - 3

wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, magram daemata jarima

7 000 laris odenobiT. xolo 8 SemTxvevaSi sasjeli Sem-

cirda, sxvadasxva nakleb mniSvnelovani odenobiT.

rac Seexeba 2009 wlis pirvel 10 Tves, aq saapelacio

sasamarTloSi gasaCivrda erT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze

miRebuli gadawyvetileba 2 piris mimarT, sadac ucvle-

lad darCa pirveli instanciis ganaCeni.

mTlianad sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi 1431 da 1432 mux-

lebis Setanis dRidan 2009 wlis oqtombris CaTvliT kasa-

ciaSi Setanil iqna 13 piris mimarT gamotanili gadaw-

yvetileba, saidanac 12 ganxilvisaTvis dauSveblad miiC-

nia sasamarTlom, xolo 1 gaiTxova kasatorma.[73]

sasamarTlo statistika naTlad cxadhyofs saqarTveloSi

adamianiT vaWrobis - trefikingis - Temis aqtualobas, iseve

rogorc saxelmwifo struqturebis - samarTaldamcavi

organoebis aqtiurobis zrdas masTan brZolis saqmeSi.

statistika amtkicebs mosazrebas, rom saxelmwifo

cdilobs aRkveTos danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis aqamde

araaqtualuri da xelmiSvebuli mimarTulebebi, am SemTx-

vevaSi Cvil-bavSvebiT vaWroba. 2009 wels 1432 muxliT gan-

xilul saqmeTa simravle am mxriv saxelmwifo struqtu-

rebis gamaxvilebul yuradRebaze, latenturobis Semcire-

baze miuTiTebs.

statistika aseve avlens bolo wlebSi miRweul dade-

biT Sedegebs – 2009 wlis pirvel 10 TveSi sasamarTloeb-

Si arcerTi saqme ar ganxilula 1431 muxliT, rac udavod

miRwevad unda CaiTvalos da am danaSaulis dabal don-

eze miuTiTebs.

sasamarTlo statistika cxadyofs saxelmwifos mis-

wrafebas gaamkacros sasjelebi, moaxdinos maTi simkac-

ris SesabamisobaSi moyvana Cadenil qmedebis – adamianiT

vaWrobis - simZimesTan da amis meSveobiT, sxva saSuale-

bebTan erTad, moaxdinos danaSaulis Tavidan acileba -

prevencia.[43, 139]

aRsaniSnavia mosamarTleebis swrafva, damnaSave pirebs

damatebiT sasjelad dauniSnon fuladi jarima, romelTa

raodenoba da misjis sixSire mkveTrad izdeba wlebis

manZilze.

yovelive zemoT TqmulTan dakavSirebiT unda aRiniS-

nos, rom statistikuri monacemebi asaxaven realurad

momxdari adamianis trefikingis faqtebis mxolod Zalian

mcire nawils, rac ganpirobebulia ramodenime faqtoriT:

86 87

1. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi adamianis trefikingis msx-

verplni xdebian umeteswilad sazRvargareT da es faqtebi

ar xvdebian saqarTvelos iurisdiqciis moqmedebis sfer-

oSi, Sesabamisad ar xdeba maTi dafiqsireba statistikur

bazaSi.

2. xSirad trefikingis faqti ganixileba, rogorc arale-

galuri migraciis gamovlineba, radgan obiqturad Znelia

am kategoriebis gamijvna.

3. adamianis trefikingi tradiciulad xasiaTdeba laten-

tobis Zalian maRali doniT da misi amsaxveli statis-

tikuri maCveneblebi yvela qveyanaSi dabalia.

4. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxli Sedge-

nilia seriozuli xarvezebiT da gamoiyeneba arasrul-

yofili terminologia. magaliTad, terminebi adamianis

yidva da gayidva ar asaxaven danaSaulis obieqtur situ-

acias da iwveves dabneulobas faqtis gamovlenisa da gamo-

Ziebis procesSi.

5. adamianis trefikingi aris rTuli konstruqciis mqone

danaSauli farTod gavrcelebuli drosa da sivceSi, rac

seriozulad aferxebs danaSaulis prevencias, gamovle-

nas, gamoZiebasa da dasjas.

$6. sazogadoebrivi azri adamianiT vaWrobis –

trefikingis Sesaxeb - sociologiuri kvlevis

Sedegebi.

a) sociologiuri kvlevis miznebi da meToduri safuZ-

vlebi

adamianaTa trefikingi Tavis gamovlenis mravalfer-

ovnebis, latenturobis maRali xarisxis, samarTlebrivad

ganmartebis siaxlis da sxva mraval mizezTa gamo sazo-

gadoebis wevrTa Soris jer kidev araerTgvarovnad aRiqmeba

da bundovania. zogisTvis adamianTa trefikingi jer isev

mxolod qalTa seqsualur eqspluataciasTan igivdeba,

zogisTvis mxolod sazRvris ukanono gadalaxvas warmo-

adgens - sazRvargareT dasaqmebis mizniT da visTvis es

cneba mxolod monobasTan asocirdeba an arafrismTqme-

lia.[45]

amgvarad, saWiroeba moiTxovda Catarebuliyo mcire

sociologiuri kvleva, raTa sazogadoebisgan migveRo

informacia maTSi adamianiT vaWroba - trefikingTan daka-

vSirebiT arsebul warmodgenebis Sesaxeb, rac Tavismxriv

warmoaCenda im saWiro RonisZiebebis raobas, romelic

gamovlenil aramarTebul warmodgenebs da saxelmwifos

mier daSvebul Secdomebs aRmofxvrida da mosaxleobis

codnas trefikingis Sesaxeb aamaRlebda.

kvleva adamianTa trefikingis Sesaxeb sazogadoebrivi

azris Seswavlis mizniT Cvens mier, 2009 wlis dekembers,

grigol robaqiZis saxelobis universitetis mier dafuZne-

bul `saerTaSoriso iuridiuli centris da iuridiuli

klinikis~ daxmarebiT Catarda.

kvleva Catarda anketirebis meTodis gamoyenebiT, romel-

Sic anonimurad monawileoba miiRo 420 adamianma. saidanac

210 (saerTo raodenobis 50%) - mdedrobiTi sqesis, xolo

210(50%) _ mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgeneli iyo.

respondentTa raodenoba aseve Tanabrad daiyo umuSe-

varTa, studentTa da dasaqmebulTa kategoriebad, sadac

raodenobrivad 140 – 140 adamiani ganawilda. TiToeul

kategoriaSi aseve daculi iyo genderuli balansi.

rac Seexeba asakobriv gradacias, aq Sesabamisi simet-

ria ver iqna daculi. kvlevaSi 20 wlamde asakis 70

pirovnebam (saerTo raodenobis 16.7%-ma) miiRo monawile-

oba, 20-35 Sualedis – 210-ma(50%), 35 wels gadacilebulma

88 89

– 140-ma(33.3%) [ix. danarTi 3]. es dayofa, gamarTlebulia,

radgan 20-dan 35 wlamde asakis moqalaqeebi yvelaze mgZno-

biareni arian adaminTa trefikingis mimarT da Sesabamisad

maTi azri SedarebiT ufro mniSvnelovania adamianis tre-

fikingTan brZolis Semdgomi strategiis gansazRvris saqmeSi.

rac Seexeba kvlevis validurobas, kvleva moicavda

Tbilisis mcxovrebT, romlebic SeirCnen egreTwodebul

`nonprobability~ principiT – anu winaswar gansazRvruli

iyo monawileTa mxolod asakobrivi da genderuli Tana-

fardobebi da ara maTi profesia. xolo konkretuli piris

kvlevaSi monawileobis vargisianoba ganisazRvreboda Cvens

mier. kvlevas ar aqvs pretenzia, rom igi warmoadgens

mTeli mosaxleobis azris utyuar anarekls.

kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli anketa moicavda 17 punqts. dasmu-

li iyo Semdegi kiTxvebi:

1) Tqveni azriT, trefikingi warmoadgens?;

2) trefikingis gamomwvevi mizezia?;

3) trefikingis msxverpli SeiZleba iyos?;

4) Tqveni azriT, trefikingTan brZolis yvelaze efeq-

turi saSualebaa?;

5) Tqveni azriT, romeli CamoTvlili organizacis fun-

qciur movaleobaSi Sedis trefikingTan brZola?;

6) Tqveni azriT, ra SeilZleba gaxdes trefikingis

msxverplad gaxdomis mizezi?;

7) gqononiaT Tu ara Tqven ramenairi Sexeba trefiking-

is msxverplTan?;

8) saxelmwifos mxridan romeli organoa Cabmuli tre-

fikingis msxverplis reabilitaciis programebSi?;

9) rogor SeafasebdiT saxelmwifo struqturebis brZo-

lis dones trefikingis winaaRmdeg?;

10) Tqveni azriT, ra zomebi iqneba efeqturi trefikingis

donis Sesamcireblad?;

11) aRniSnuli qmedebebi daalageT Tqveni azriT, qmede-

bis simZimis mixedviT yvelaze mZimedan naklebad mZimisken;

12) Tqveni azriT, trefikingis danaSaulis Camden pirs

Tavisufleba unda SeezRudos?;

13) aris Tu ara trefikingi aqtualuri problema

saqarTvelosTvis?;

14) Tqveni azriT, saqarTvelo ZiriTadad warmoadgens?;

15) Tqveni azriT, saqarTvelodan emigrirebulebisaTvis

trefikingis mxriv saSiSi regionebia?;

16) Tqveni azriT, romeli asakSi ufro metia trefikingis

msxverpli saqarTveloSi?;

17) trefikingi aris?.

kvlevis Sedegebi dajamda sxvadasxva kompiuteruli

programebis gamoyenebiT, maT Soris: MS Office – Excel,Access; Statistica 8.

SedarebiTi analizis gasakeTeblad da damatebiTi

informaciis mosapoveblad, miRebuli monacemebis Sejereba

moxda grigol robaqiZis universitetis da danaSaulis

kvlevisa da prognozirebis centris mier, 2007 wels ganxor-

cielebuli, aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis mier mxar-

daWerili proeqtis - àxalgazrdoba danaSaulobis wina-

aRmdeg~ farglebSi Catarebuli sociologiuri kvlevis -

`trefikingi da axalgazrdoba~ SedegebTan, romlis ganxor-

cielebaSic aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo krebulis avtor-

mac, rogorc proeqtis asistentma.[61, 130-150]

am ori kvlevis kiTxvarebi, monawileTa raodeoba, maTi

ganSla da sxva elementebi Zalian axlos dgas erTmaneT-

Tan, rac saSualebas iZleva SedarebiTi analiziT miRebu-

li yofiliyo CvenTvis saWiro pasuxebi.

90 91

b) kvleviT miRebuli Sedegebis analizi

[grafikuli masala ixileT danarT 4-Si]

sociologiuri kvlevis pirvel kiTxvaze: “Tqveni azriT

trefikingi warmoadgens?~, savaraudo pasuxebi Camoyali-

bebuli iyo Semdegi saxiT:

1) adamianTa ukanono Sromis gamoyenebas Semosavlis

miRebis mizniT;

2) qalTa iZulebiT seqsualur eqspluatacias;

3) adamianTa ukanono gadayvanas sazRvarze;

4) adamianebiT vaWrobas;

5) adamianis organoebiT vaWrobas.

anketebis dajamebam gvaCvena, rom mosaxleobaSi upira-

tesad gavrcelebuli SexedulebiT, adamianTa trefikingi

esaa àdamianTa ukanono Sromis gamoyeneba Semosavlis

miRebis mizniT~, rac figurirebda gacemuli pasuxebis 46

procentSi(253 respodenti) da yvelaze xSir pasuxs warmo-

adgenda yvela kategoriaSi, garda 20 wlamde asakisa, sadac

man mxolod 30 procenti(27 respodenti) Seadgina da mcir-

edi dauTmo adamianiT vaWrobas (dasaxelda pasuxebis 37

procentSi (33 respodenti)). gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom 20

wlamde kategoriis respodentebs studentebi warmoad-

gendnen, romelTa Soris sWarbobda iuridiuli fakulte-

tis warmomadgenlebi, Sesabamisad maT unda scodnodaT

trefikinis sisxlissamarTlebrivi definicia, sadac is

moxsenebulia rogorc adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi), amiT

SeiZleba aixsnas, am kategoriis warmomadgenelTa Soris

Sesabamisi pasuxis mciredi gadaxra standartulisgan.

saerTo jamSi ̀ adamianebiT vaWroba~ warmoCinda, rogorc

meore yvelaze gavrcelebuli pasuxi 28 procentiT (158

respodenti). xolo qalTa iZulebiT seqsualur eqsplu-

ataciaze aqcenti gakeTda yvela calke aRebul jgufSi

pasuxebis araumetes 17 procentSi (sul 84 respodenti),

rac mowmobs im faqts, rom adamianTa trefikingi saqar-

TveloSi umeteswilad ar asocirdeba qalTa iZulebiT

seqsualur eqspluataciasTan. rac metad saintereso faqtia,

radgan am movlenis kvleviT dakavebuli wamyvani krimi-

nologebi miuTiTeben ZiriTadad trefikingis msxverplTa

seqsualur eqspluataciaze.[41]

yvela mocemuli varianti, rogorc adamianTa trefikin-

gis saxe, Semoxaza 10-ma pirovnebam (gamokiTxulTa 2,3 pro-

centma). rac SeiZleba gaxdes imis safuZveli vivaraudoT,

rom gamokiTxulTa amdenive procents aqvs metnaklebad

zusti codna adamianTa trefikingis raobis Sesaxeb.

kvlevaSi Semdegi dasmuli kiTxva, Camoyalibebuli iyo

Semdegi redaqciiT:

2) trefikingis gamomwvevi mizezia?:

1. SesaZlo msxverplis arasakmarisi ganaTlebis done;

2. SesaZlo msxverplis mZime socialur-ekonomikuri

mdgomareoba;

3. trefikingis saSualebiT didi Semosavlis miRebis

SesaZlebloba damnaSaveTa samyaros mxridan;

4. trefikingis danaSaulis gamovlenis da dasjadobis

dabali xarisxi.

miRebuli Sedegebis dajamebam aCvena, rom respodentebis

zustad naxevarma(210 pirovnebam), adamianTa trefikingis

gamomwvev erT-erT mizezad mainc mZime socialur-ekono-

mikuri mdgomareoba daasaxela. rac gamarTlebulia saqa-

rTvelos axlo warsulis gaTvaliswinebiT, rodesac

umuSevrobis da gaWirvebis mizeziT uamravi adamiani gar-

boda qveynidan, sazRvargareT ukeTesi cxovrebis imediT.

saerTo suraTidan gamoiyofa 20-35 wlis asakis stu-

dent mandilosanTa kategoriis pasuxi. am kategoriidan

24–ma respodentma (70%) erT-erT mizezad SesaZlo msxver-

plis ganaTlebis arasakmaris doneze miuTiTa, maSin roca

92 93

mZime socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobas – 12-ma (33%)

dauWira mxari. rac SeiZleba aixsnas am jgufis adamianebis

midrekilebiT ganaTlebis, codnis miRebisken. isini trefi-

kingis mizezad pirovnebis individualur Taviseburebas

usvamen xazs, rac gamoixateba ganaTlebiT, codniT, menta-

lur SesaZleblobebiT. am jgufis warmomadgenelTa azriT

problema mdgomareobs trefikingis safrTxis ganWvretis

SeuZleblobaSi msxverplTa mxridan, maTive pirovnebidan

gamomdinare.

SeiZleba aixsnas is faqtic, rom 35 wels gadacile-

buli umuSevari qalbatonebi adamianTa trefikingis mize-

zebSi, sxva jgufebze ufro did rols aniWeben am tipis

danaSaulis gamovlenisa da dasjadobis dabal xarisxs

(gamokiTxuli 35 pirovnebidan 12-ma erT-erT mizezad mainc

daasaxela aRniSnuli mizezi, rac saSualod 2,5-jer

aRemateba sxva jgufebSi igive maCvenebels). aRniSnuli

SeiZleba aixsnas am jgufis asakobrivi Taviseburebidan –

isini, sakuTari Tavidan gamomdinare, gaaCniaT ra didi

cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba da akumulirebuli aqvT

codna, aRar aniWeben Sesabamis mniSvnelobas codnis da

gamocdilebis simcires saerTod da maT Soris trefik-

ingis mizezad, amgvarad pirovnebis individualuri Tavise-

burebidan aqcenti gadaaqvT saxelmwifos rolze, romel-

ic maTi socialuri mdgomareobis – umuSevrobis gaTval-

iswinebiT, aRiqmeba araefeqturad, braldeba qveyanaSi da

maT Soris maT pirad cxovrebaSi arsebuli uaryofiTi

gamovlinebebi. aRniSnuls amtkicebs, amave kiTxvaSi maTi-

ve gakeTebuli meore arCevanic – 20-ma pirovnebam 35-dan

(58%) erT-erT, Tu ara erTaderT, pasuxad airCia SesaZlo

msxverplis mZime socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. rac

meore yvelaze maRali maCvenebelia 20-35 wlis farglebSi

moqceul, aseve dausaqmebel qalbatonebis Semdeg (22 pa-

suxi 35-dan (63%)), da xazs usvams saxelmwifos rolis

mniSvnelobas trefikingis mizezTa Soris.

aqve, SedarebiTi analizisTvis, gvinda moviSvelioT dana-

Saulis kvlevisa da prognozirebis centris 2007 wels Catare-

buli sociologiuri kvlevis àrasrulwlovani da da-

naSauloba~ Sedegebi, sadac kvlevis erT-erT mimarTulebas

adamianiT vaWroba – trefikingi warmoadgenda.[61, 130-150]

zemoTxsenebuli kvlevis farglebSi dasmuli iyo kiTxva:

Tqveni azriT ra aris trefikingis gamomwvevi mTavari

mizezi?

1. socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba;

2. migracis msurvelTa didi raodenoba;

3. trefikingis arsis, simZimisa da Sedegebis gaucno-

bierebloba;

4. samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis dabali done;

5. sxva.

pasuxebma gamoavlina metad saintereso faqti, Tu ufrosi

Taobis warmomadgenelTa umravlesoba miuTiTebda soci-

alur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobaze, studentebSi es sxvao-

ba Semcirda, win wamoiwia ra ganaTlebis mniSvneloba,

xolo moswavle axalgazrdobaSi ki pirveloba, meore

variantma - migraciis msurvelTa didma raodenobam daika-

va, xolo socialur-ekonomikurma mdgomareobam mkveTrad

daTmo poziciebi (ufros TaobaSi 72 xma 156-dan, student-

ebSi 63 - 175-dan, moswavleebSi 47 - 150-dan), rac adas-

turebs Cvens mier wamoyenebul Teziss, asakis mixedviT

pirovnebis msoflmxedvelobis cvlilebebze trefikingis

gamomwvevi mizezebis gansazRvris dros.

rac Seexeba Cveni kvlevis mesame kiTxvas, Tu vin SeiZ-

leba iyos trefikingis msxverpli, aq savaraudo pasuxeb-

is arCevani gamoiyureba Semdegnairad:

94 95

1. mxolod qalebi;

2. arasrulwlovnebi;

3. mxolod mamakacebi;

4. mxolod srulwlovani moqalaqeebi;

5. nebismieri moqalaqe ganurCevlad sqesisa da asakisa.

miRebul pasuxebSi respodentTa TiTqmis erTsulovne-

ba gamovlinda - gamokiTxul 420 respodentidan 389 adami-

anma (92%) marTebulad miuTiTa, rom nebismieri adamiani

SeiZleba gaxdes adamianTa trefikingis msxverpli, da mxo-

lod 6-ma procentma (25-ma respodentma) adamianTa trefi-

kingi isev qalTa seqsualur Tu sxvagvar espluatacia-

sTan gaaigiva, rac korelaciaSia amave kvlevis pirvel

kiTxvaSi miRebul pasuxebTan, sadac 84-ma pirovnebam

(gamokiTxulTa 20 procenti) trefikingis erT-erT, magram

ara erTaderT gamovlinebad qalTa iZulebiTi seqsualur

eqspluataciaze miuTiTa. aqedan SeiZleba vivaraudoT am

cifrebis sandooba, anu am 84 respodentidan savaraudod

25 adamianTa trefikings aigivebs mxolod qalTa seqsu-

alur eqspluataciasTan xolo darCenili 59 - mas ganix-

ilavs, ara rogorc trefikingis erTaderT gamovlinebad,

aramed mis nairsaxeobad.

rac Seexeba darCenil sam savaraudo pasuxze miRebul

monacemebs (arasrulwlovnebi; mxolod mamakacebi; mxolod

srulwlovani moqalaqeebi;) isini xvdebian statistikurad

dasaSveb cdomilebis farglebSi da ar gvaZleven raime

daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas, garda erTisa, rom re-

spodentebma swored ician Tu vin SeiZleba gaxdes trefik-

ingis msxverpli da cal-calke mxolod es kategoriebi ar

warmoadgenen trefikingis msxverplTa SesaZlo wyaros.

konkretulad arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebiT sazoga-

doebis azris gagebisTvis, kvlav moviSveliebT 2007 wels

Catarebul sociologiur kvlevas, romlis ganxorciele-

baSic piradad monawileobda aRniSnuli naSromis avtori

da romlis upirvelesi mizani swored arasrulwlovnebis

irgvliv danaSaulobis Seswavla iyo.

am kvlevis farglebSi dasmuli Sesabamisi kiTxva Sem-

degnairad gamoiyureboda:

Tqveni informaciiT, ramdenad xSirad xdebian arasrul-

wlovnebi trefikingis msxverpli?

1. xSirad;

2. iSviaTad;

3. miWirs pasuxis gacema.

monacemebis analizma cxadhyo, rom miRebuli 299 pasuxi-

dan 156-Si figurirebda varianti 1. xSirad, maSin roca

meore variants, iSviaTad, upiratesoba mianiWa 62 respo-

dentma da pasuxis gacema gauWirda 81 pirovnebas, rac

miuTiTebs sazogadoebaSi upiratesad gavrcelebul mo-

sazrebaze, rom arasrulwlovnebi SeiZleba sakmaod xSir-

ad mogvevlinon rogorc adamianiT vaWroba _ trefikingis

msxverplni.

es pasuxi korelaciaSia uSualod Cvens mier Catarebul

kvlevasTan, sadac respodentTa umravlesoba aRiarebs, rom

nebismieri adamiani, ganurCevlad sqesisa da asakisa, maT

Soris arasrulwlovanebi, SeiZleba gaxdes trefikingis

msxverpli.

kvlevis Semdegi, meoTxe kiTxva dasmuli iyo Semdegi

saxiT:

Tqveni azriT, trefikingTan brZolis yvelaze efeqturi

saSualebaa:

1. mosaxleobis samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis amaRleba;

2. mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis

gaumjobeseba;

3. operatiul-sagamoZiebo saqmianobis efeqturobis

amaRleba;

96 97

4. sasazRvro kontrolis gaZliereba;

5. sakanondeblo bazis gaZliereba.

am kiTxvaze miRebulma Sedegebma cxadhyo, rom mosaxle-

obis umravlesobis azriT, esaa socialur-ekonomikuri

donis amaRleba (420 gamokiTxulidan 238-ma anu 55%-ma

aRniSnuli problema daasaxela), rac mniSvnelovnad

uswrebs meore adgilze gasul mosazrebas – mosaxleobis

samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis amaRlebas, romelmac 157 xma

(37%) miiRo. xolo Tavad jgufebs Soris am or mowinave

azrs Soris WidilSic SeiZleba garkveuli tendenciebis

danaxva, kerZod: studentebi, gansakuTrebiT 20 wlamde

segmentSi, pirvel adgilze ayeneben ganaTlebis mniSvne-

lobas (32 xmiT, 21-s winaaRmdeg), maSin roca ufrosi Taobis

warmomadgenlebi (93 xmiT, 39-s winaaRmdeg) socialuri

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisken ixrebian. rac amyarebs meore

kiTxvaze gakeTebul daskvnebs: ufrosi asakis warmomad-

genlebis mxridan codnis da gamocdilebis meore planze

dayenebis da saxelmwifos rolis prioritetulobis Sesaxeb

da piriqiT studentebis mxridan codnis mniSvnelobis

prioritetulobaze.

rac Seexeba kiTxva oTxSi mocemul darCenil sam Sesa-

Zlo pasuxs, (operatiul-sagamoZiebo saqmianobis efeqtur-

obis amaRleba; sasazRvro kontrolis gaZliereba; saka-

nonmdeblo bazis gaZliereba;) isini pasuxebis saerTo

raodenobis mxolod 27 procents warmoadgendnen, saidan-

ac SeiZleba mxolod erTi daskvnis gakeTeba, rom sul

mcire gamokiTxulTa 73 procenti damakmayofileblad

Tvlis saxelmwifos mier gatarebul samarTlebriv da

institucionalur reformebs, saxelmwifos Sesabamisi or-

ganoebis muSaobas da miRweul Sedegebs. respodentebs

saWirod aRar miaCniaT saxelmwifo marTvis organoebis

Semdgom gaumjobesebaze qveynis saxsrebis xarjva da miu-

TiTeben ganaTlebis da socialuri dacvis prioritetu-

lobaze.

aq SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva: rogor ganawildeboda respo-

dentTa xmebi, Tu savaraudo pasuxebSi ar iqneboda, saqarT-

velos pirobebisTvis iseTi naTlad gamokveTili prob-

lema, rogoricaa mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri

mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba?, rac aprior dominant azrad

gvevlineba.

am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad, isev da isev, unda moviS-

velioT 2007 wels Catarebuli sociologiuri kvlevis

Sedegebi, sadac msgavsi Sinaarsis kiTxva dasmuli iyo

Semdegi redaqciiT:

ra SeiZleba iyos yvelaze efeqturi gza trefikingTan

brZolaSi?

1. kanonis gamkacreba;

2. mosaxleobis informireba;

3. sazRvrebis mkacri kontroli;

4. sxva.

rogorc xedavT, aq savaraudo pasuxebSi ar figurirebs

mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis ga-

umjobeseba, magram mainc aris veli `sxva~ sadac SesaZle-

beli iyo misi miTiTeba, Tu am pasuxamde respodenti TavisiT

mividoda, yovelgvari Sexsenebis gareSe. rac 300 respo-

dentidan 10-ma miuTiTa. es SeiZleba CaiTvalos mniSvnelovan

cifrad aseTi kiTxvaris specifikidan gamomdinare, sadac

respodentebi ZiriTadad asarCev variantebidan irCeven

pasuxs da ar cdiloben sakiTxs SemoqmedebiTad miudgnen.

2007 wlis kvlevaSi xmebis umravlesoba mieniWa pasuxs:

mosaxleobis informireba, romelsac mcirediT CamorCa

varianti: sazRvrebis mkacri kontroli, xolo xmaTa raode-

nobiT bolo adgilze gavida – kanonis gamkacreba. es

Sedegebi amagrebs 2009 wels Catarebuli kvleviT, msgavsi

Sinaarsis zemoTxsenebul kiTxvaze, miRebul daskvnebs:

98 99

respodentebisTvis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis

gaumjobesebis Semdgom, prioritetulobiT sargeblobs

mosaxleobis informireba, rac TavisTavSi moiazrebs mosax-

leobis samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis amaRlebasac.

respodentebs damakmayofileblad miaCniaT saxelmwifo

marTvis da samarTaldamcavi organoebis dRevandeli

mdgomareoba. gansxvavebiT 2007 wlidan, rodesac respo-

dentTa didma nawilma miuTiTa sazRvrebis kontrolis

gamkacrebis saWiroebaze, ukve 2009 wlis miwurulisaTvis

aRniSnulma sakiTxma problematuroba dakarga, rac al-

baT am periodisTvis ukve dasrulebuli sazRvris dacvis

reformis damsaxurebaa da miuTiTebs qveynis xelisuflebis

muSaobis efeqturobaze, gamovlenil naklovanebaTa swrafi

aRmofxvris mimarTulebiT da am saqmianobis sazogado-

ebis mier gacnobierebis da Sedegebis dadebiTad Sefaseb-

is mxriv.[92]

respodentebs miuReblad miaCniaT kanonis gamkacrebis

politika, rac dasturia gavrcelebuli azrisa, rom kano-

nis gamkacrebiT danaSaulobas ver aRmofxvri.

sociologiuri kvlevis mexuTe punqti Camoyalibebuli

iyo Semdegi saxiT:

Tqveni azriT, romeli CamoTvlili organizacis fun-

qciur movaleobaSi Sedis trefikingTan brZola:

1. samarTaldamcavi organoebi – Sss, prokuratura:

2. Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis samin-

istro - trefikingis msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvi-

sa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondi;

3. saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, sazogadoebrivi or-

ganizaciebi;

4. arc erTi.

aRniSnuli kiTxva gaTvlili iyo, raTa miRebuli yo-

filiyo informacia Tu romeli saxis adamianTa trefik-

ingis aRmofxvrisken mimarTul RonisZiebebis ganmaxor-

cielebel organizaciebze aqvT warmodgena respodentebs.

miRebuli pasuxebis Sinaarsidan sCans, rom yvela qveka-

tegoriaSi, iseve rogorc saerTo jamSi, gamokiTxulTa

absoluturma umravlesobam, 298 respodentma 420-dan, anu

71 procentma, aRiara samarTaldamcavi organoebis roli

trefikingTan brZolis saqmeSi, maSin, roca saerTaSoriso

da arasamTavrobo organizaciebze aqcenti gakeTda pasuxe-

bis 19 procentSi, xolo specialurad trefikingis winaaR-

mdeg Seqmnili saxelmwifo fondis arsebobis Sesaxeb,

rogorc Cans, informacias flobda maqsimum 60 pirovneba

420-dan, anu gamokiTxulTa 14 procenti.

aRniSnuli kiTxvis damatebad SeiZleba moviSvelioT

2007 wels Catarebuli kvleva, romelSic respodentebs am

organizaciebis muSaobis efeqturobis Sefaseba eTxovaT.[61,

130-150] kerZod daisva kiTxva:

trefikingTan brZolis saqmeSi romeli organoebis saqmi-

anobas SeafasebT yvelaze efeqturad?

1. samarTaldamcavi organoebis;

2. trefikingis msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvisa

da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondis;

3. saerTaSoriso organizaciebis;

4. sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis;

5. miWirs pasuxis gacema

aq respodentTa umravlesoba _ 106 pirovneba uTiTebs,

rom uWirs pasuxis gacema. samarTaldamcavebis efeqtur-

obaze aqcenti keTdeba 74 SemTxvevaSi, rac SedegebiT mx-

olod meoTxe adgilzea da win uSvebs trefikingis msx-

verplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelm-

wifo fondis(89 xma) da aseve saerTaSoriso organizacie-

bs (77 xma). rac Seexeba sazogadoebriv organizaciebs,

maTi, sxvebTan SedarebiT, upiratesi efeqturoba mxolod

57-ma respodentma aRniSna.

100 101

Tu am ori kvlevis Sedegebs SevajamebT, SeiZleba gava-

keToT daskvna, rom respodentebi trefikingTan brZolis

saqmes aigiveben samarTaldamcavi organoebis muSaobasTan,

amavdroulad isini maT saqmianobas araefeqturad miiCn-

even.

sociologiuri kvlevis momdevo, meeqvse kiTxva gamiznu-

li iyo gagvego respodentebis azri imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra

SeiZleba gaxdes trefikingis msxverplad gaxdomis mizezi.

aq mocemuli gvqonda Semdegi savaraudo pasuxebi:

1. motyueba;

2. fizikuri iZulebis gamoyeneba;

3. valis dadeba;

4. nebayoblobiTi Tanxmoba.

miRebuli pasuxebis dajamebam mogvca saSualeba ga-

gvekeTebina Semdegi saxis daskvnebi:

gamokiTxulTa absoluturi umravlesoba, 339 piri 420-

dan (81 procenti) trefikingis msxverplad gaxdomis erT-

erT mizezad, Tu erTaderTad ara, asaxelebs motyuebas.

mxolod 19-ma pirovnebam (rac 4 procentia) upasuxa,

rom yvela zemoTCamoTvlili qmedeba SeiZleba gaxdes

adamianis trefikingis msxverplad gaxdomis mizezi, rac

Zalzed dabali ricxvia da gviCvenebs saWiroebas, rom

mosaxleobaSi moxdes adamianiT vaWroba _ trefikingze

Sesabamisi informaciis gavrceleba, riTac amaRldeba

sazogadoebis windaxeduleba da moxdeba trefikingis

prevencia.

aRsaniSnavia, fizikuri iZulebis rolze xazgasmac, rac

moxda respodentTa 27 procentis SemTxvevaSi da aseve is

faqti, rom miuxedavad sxva da sxva socialuri mdgomare-

obisa, asakisa, Tu sqesisa, am mizezebs Soris xmaTa pro-

centuli gadanawileba warmogvidga SedarebiT identurad

– motyueba meryeobda 57-63 procentis farglebSi, garda

35 wels zemoT asakisa, 51 procenti, rac SeiZleba, isev da

isev avxsnaT am kategoriis adamianebis cxovrebiseuli

gamocdilebis da codnis dagrovebis, aseve sakuTar Tav-

Si darwmunebis mxriv, isini adamianis motyuebas naklebad

SesaZlebels Tvlian da aqcenti gadaaqvT fizikuri iZu-

lebisken.

fizikurma iZulebam, Tavis mxriv, sxva da sxva jgufebSi

xmebi miiRo 16-20 procentis farglebSi, garda zemoTxseneb-

uli 35 wels gadacilebuli asakis jgufisa - 24 procenti.

valis dadebasa da nebayoflobiT Tanxmobaze gacemu-

li pasuxebis raodenoba meryeobda 9-15 procentis far-

glebSi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom gamokiTxulTa saerTo

raodenobis 4-ma procentma Semoxaza erTbaSad oTxive

zemoTxsenebuli mizezi, mivalT im daskvnamde, rom im pir-

Ta ricxvi, romlebic savaraudod mxolod am or uka-

nasknelTagan romelimes Tvlis adamianis trefikingis

msxverplad gaxdomis mizezad, aris mizeruli da ar aRemate-

ba 10 procents.

rogorc Cans, mosaxleobisTvis trefikingSi msxverpl-

Ta rekrutirebaze warmodgena Zalzed martivi meTodebiT

Semoifargleba, rac moiTxovs Sesabamis samarTaldamcav

Tu arasamTavrobo organizaciebisgan rekrutirebis me-

Todebze informaciis gavrcelebas, raTa savaraudo msx-

verplebma SeZlon SesaZlo Sedegebze, mosalodnel sa-

frTxeebze winaswar prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatareba.

kvlevaSi mocemuli Semdegi, meSvide, kiTxva iTvaliswineb-

da gagebas: raime Sexeba hqoniaT Tu ara, an Tu icnobdnen

respodentebi trefikingis msxverplT. aseve dadebiTi pa-

suxis SemTxvevaSi, kiTxvis formati iTvaliswinebda gage-

bas Tu ra tipis urTierToba iyo, an ra saxis trefikings

hqonda adgili, risTvisac datovebuli iyo Sesabamisi veli

Sesavsebad.

102 103

aRniSnul kiTxvaze 420 respodentidan 11-ma (2.6-ma pro-

centma) upasuxa, rom hqonda Sexeba msxverplTan, saidanac

7 iyo 20-35 wlamde qalbatoni.

unda aRiniSnos, rom am 11 respodentidan umravlesobam

ar moindoma msxverplTan kavSiris Sesaxeb raime konkret-

uli informaciis mowodeba, anu Sesabamisi veli carieli

datova da mxolod Semoxaza, rom hqonia kavSiri. xolo,

sruli pasuxis gamcem respodentebis kiTxvaris Sesabamis

velSi Canawerebi moicavda Semeg informacias:

erTma studentma gogonam Tqva, rom hqonda urTierToba

msxverplTan, rogorc respodentTan universitetSi kvle-

vis Catarebis dros;

aseve erTma gogonam daasaxela, rom mas saxlSi bavSvis

momvlelad hyavda 50 wlamde asakis qalbatoni, romelic

masTan moxvedramde cdilobda aralegalurad egviptis

gavliT samuSaod wasuliyo israelSi, magram egviptis

teritoriaze gamxdara trefikingis msxverpli, rasac SemTx-

veviT daaRwia Tavi da SeZlo samSobloSi sakuTari ZalebiT

dabruneba;

respodentebis pasuxebidan yvelaze unikaluri da sain-

teresoa erT-erTi respodentis azri da sakuTari gamoc-

dileba, igi yveba, rom studentobis periodSi swavlobda

erT-erT cnobil, gavlenian da amavdros ZviradRirebul

universitetSi, sadac igi aseve eweoda SromiT saqmianobas,

saidanac miRebuli SemosavliTac ixdida am universitet-

Sive swavlis xarjebs, rac misi azriT gamoiyena am uni-

versitetis administraciam - icodnen ra, rom am gogonas

sxva gamosavali ar hqonda, samsaxuri rom mietovebina

universitetsac ver daamTavrebda, rogorc sxva finansuri

wyaros ar qonis gamo(ver moaxerxebda swavlis safasuris

dafarvas), aseve universitetis administraciis resurse-

bidan gamomdinare (mianiSnes, rom Seuqmnidnen problemebs

swavlis procesSi), Sesabamisad eweodnen mis maqsimalur

eqspluatacias mizeruli anazRaurebis pirobebSi. misi

TqmiT mas SuadResac ar hqonda SesaZlebloba gasuliyo

Sesvenebaze da saRamosac gvianobamde iZulebuli iyo yo-

filiyo samuSao adgilas, rasac administracia daJinebiT

moiTxovda. aRniSnuli misi TqmiT grZeldeboda iqamde,

sanam man ar aiRo ganaTlebis damadasturebeli diplo-

mi, ris Semdegac daaneba iq muSaobas Tavi.

ramdenad jdeba aRniSnuli suraTi adamianiT vaWroba

_ trefikingis iuridiul ganmartebaSi, es sadaoa da sub-

ieqturi aRqmazea damokidebuli da SeiZleba sxva da sxva

specialistSi sxva da sxva midgoma - ganmarteba gamoi-

wvios, magram faqtia, rom respodenti sakuTar Tavs adami-

anTa trefikingis msxverplad miiCnevs da aqvs amis safuZ-

veli.

aRsaniSnavia mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenlebis mxri-

dan miRebuli Sedegi: gamokiTxul 210 mamakacidan arcerTma

ar aRniSna, rom hqonia raimenairi Sexeba trefikingis msxver-

plTan. Tu vambobT, rom trefikingis msxverplTa ZiriTa-

di gamoyenebis sferoa prostitucia (rasac bevri eqspert-

kriminologi miuTiTebs), romliTac mamakacebi sargebloben,

maSin miRebuli Sedegi metad damafiqrebelia da Cemi azriT

miuTiTebs saqarTveloSi prostituciis mxriv trefikin-

gis msxverplTa gamoyenebis simcire-ararsebobaze, radgan

gamoricxulia amdeni mamakacidan arcerTs ar hqonoda

Sexeba prostituciis faqtebTan, an yvela maTgans ratom-

Rac erTianad gaCenoda aseTi faqtis damalvis survili?!.

Semdegi kiTxva, romelic daisva sociologiur kvelva-

Si, Camoyalibebuli iyo Semdegi saxiT:

saxelmwifos mxridan romeli organoa Cabmuli tre-

fikingis msxverplis reabilitaciis programebSi:

1. Sinagan saqmeTa saministro;

104 105

2. prokuratura;

3. jandacvis saministro;

4. specialurad am saqmisTvis Seqmnili sxva organoebi.

kiTxvis mizani iyo, miRebuli yofiliyo informacia

imis Sesaxeb Tu ra icodnen respodentebma im daxmarebis

Sesaxeb, romelic tardeba saxelmwifo organoebis mier

trefikingis msxverplis reabilitaciis mizniT.

miRebuli pasuxebis Sejamebam aCvena:

specialuri organoebis arsebobas miuTiTebs gamokiTx-

ulTa 56 procenti (234 piri), rac maRal maCveneblad unda

CaiTvalos aseTi dawesebulebebis Seqmnis siaxlidan ga-

momdinare, radgan mxolod 2006 wlis 20 ivlisidan funq-

cionirebs adamianTa trefikingis msxverplTa TavSesafari

baTumSi, romelic aris pirveli msgavsi dawesebuleba

saqarTveloSi, igi Tavis specifikidan gamomdinare muSaobs

anonimurobis principis sruli dacviT da Sesabamisad ar

xdeba misi saqmianobis masmediis saSuvalebiT reklamire-

ba.[93]

rac Seexeba sxva pasuxebs, aq Sedegebi gamoiyureba Sem-

degi saxiT: Sinagan saqmeTa saministro 17%(80 xma); proku-

ratura 8%(36 xma); jandacvis saministro 24%(109xma). mo-

nacemTa gabneva adasturebs mosaxleobis did nawilSi

trefikingis reabilitaciis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb war-

modgenis ar qonis faqts. maT Soris vinc es sami varianti

Semoxaza, TiTqmis naxevari logikurad uTiTebs jandacvis

saministros, radgan igi saxelidan gamomdinare aRiqmeba

reabilitaciis RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcieleblad, xolo

meore naxevari uTiTebs Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, rac

SeiZleba aixsnas Cveni qveynis pirobebSi am saministros

mniSvnelobiT da funqciaTa simravliT.

momdevno sakiTxi, razec kiTxvaris mecxre punqtSi gam-

axvilda yuradReba, exeboda mosaxleobis mxridan sax-

elmwifos mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sefasebas. kiTxva

Camoyalibebuli iyo Semdegi redaqciiT:

rogor SeafasebdiT saxelmwifo struqturebis brZo-

lis dones trefikingis winaaRmdeg?

1. akeTebs SesaZleblobis maqsimums;

2. rogorc saTanados;

3. arasaTanados;


Sedegebidan Cans, rom gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba an

negatiurad afasebs saxelmwifos mxridan gatarebul Ronis-

Ziebebs(42%) an ar gaaCnia konkretuli mosazreba(44%), xolo

dadebiTad uyurebs gamokiTxulTa mxolod 14 procenti,

rac Zalze dabali maCvenebelia Tu gaviTvaliswinebT saxel-

mwifos mier bolo wlebSi gatarebul aqtiur da mraval-

waxnagovan saqmianobas adamianis trefikingTan brZolis

da msxverplTa dacvis da mxardaWeris mxriv. es Sedegebi

amyarebs amave kvlevis mexuTe kiTxviT miRebul daskvnebs,

sadac respodentTa mxridan naTlad dadasturda samar-

Taldamcavi organoebis saqmianobiT ukmayofileba.

kvlevam gamoavlina saWiroeba, imisa, rom moxdes sax-

elmwifos mier gatarebuli reformebis da miRebuli Sede-

gebis sazogadoebaSi popularizacia, radgan adamianebiT

vaWroba _ trefikingis aRmosafxvrelad miRebuli zome-

biT, saqarTvelo erT-erT mowinave adgilzea msoflioSi.

rasac amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo depar-

tamentis yovelwliuri kvlevac adasturebs, vimyofebiT

ra Sefasebis mixedviT pirvel kalaTaSi yvelaze warmate-

bul 20-mde saxelmwifos gverdiT.[84, 154]

Semdegi kiTxva logikur jaWvSia zemoTxsenebul mecxre

kiTxvasTan. igi respodentebisgan moiTxovda mocemuli

variantebidan SeerCiaT is zomebi, romlebic maTi azriT

106 107

yvelaze efeqturi iqneboda adamianTa trefikingis donis

Sesamcireblad. savaraudo pasuxebs warmoadgendnen:

1. TiToeuli emigrantis adgilsamyofelis da saqmi-

anobis aRricxva;

2. dauojaxebeli 25 wlamde moqalaqeebis qveynis da-

tovebis SezRudva;

3. ucxoeTTan pirdapiri samuSao xelSekrulebebis

dadeba legaluri kvotebis miRebis mizniT;

4. sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis gamkacreba.

miRebuli Sedegebis dajamebidan gamoCda, rom respo-

dentebSi ar aris erTiani gadamWreli midgoma, adamianiT

vaWroba _ trefikingis problemasTan sabrZolvelad Tu

romeli zemoT moyvanili meTodTagani iqneboda umjobesi,

magram erTis Tqma SeiZleba, rom yvela jgufi erTianad

winaaRmdegia raimenairi sasazRvro SezRudvebis dawese-

bis (mieTiTa 2-7 procentis farglebSi jgufebis mixed-

viT) da sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis gamka-

crebis (18-27 procentis farglebSi miuTiTes).

gamokiTxulTa 46 procentis azriT, sasurveli iqnebo-

da saxelmwifos daedo xelSekrulebebi sazRvargareTis

qveynebTan, raTa iq yofiliyo Cveni moqalaqeebis lega-

luri dasaqmebis SesaZlebloba, rac TavisTavad Seamcir-

ebda trefikingis msxverplad gaxdomis risks. unda iTqvas,

rom Cveni qveyana mondomebulia ganaxorcielos msgavsi

xelSekrulebebis gaformeba, magram jerjerobiT partni-

ori qveynebi Tavs ikaveben msgavsi molaparakebebis warmo-

ebisgan xelSekrulebebis gaformebaze rom araferi vTq-

vaT.

popularobis mixedviT, respodentTa Soris, meore adg-

ilze gavida idea, rom moxdes emigrantTa adgilsamyofe-

lis da saqmianobis kontroli, rasac mxari dauWira gamo-

kiTxulTa 35 procentma. unda iTqvas, rom es idea musirebda

saxelisuflebo wreebSi, magram ganxorcielebis sirTu-

lis gamo ver miiRo Sesabamisi politikuri mxardaWera.

sociologiur kvleva aseve ver datovebda uyuradRe-

bod sakiTxs - danaSaulebs Soris simZimis mixedviT, sad

xedaven respodentebi adamianTa trefikings. aRniSnuli

informaciis miReba gaTvaliswinebuli iyo meTerTmete

kiTxviT, romelic Camoyalibebuli iyo Semdegi saxiT:

aRniSnuli qmedebebi daalageT, Tqveni azriT, qmedebis

simZimis mixedviT yvelaze mZimedan naklebad mZimisken. (mi-

uwereT Sesabamisi numeracia)

1. adamianis gataceba fulis gamoZalvis mizniT; (……………..)

2. ganzrax mkvleloba; ( …………..)

3. gaupatiureba; (……………..)

4. trefikingSi Cabma; (……………..)

5. sxeulis mZime dazianeba. (……………..)

6. qrTamis aReba (……………..)

7. qonebis ganadgureba (……………..)

respodentTa azris mixedviT moxda zemoT CamoTvlili

danaSaulobebis dajgufeba simZimis mixedviT 3 pirobiT

jgufad:

pirvel jgufSi moxvda yvelaze mZimed aRiarebuli dan-

aSaulis ori saxe: ganzrax mkvleloba, romelic anketeb-

is absolutur umravlesobaSi pirvelobas aravis uTmob-

da da stabilurad meore adgilas myofi gaupatiureba.

meore jgufSi moxvdnen danaSaulobebi, romlebic re-

spodentebis yvela kategoriaSi TiTqmis Tanabrad inaw-

ilebdnen mesame, meoTxe da mexuTe adgilebs, esenia: adami-

anis gataceba fulis gamoZalvis mizniT, trefikingSi Cab-

ma da sxeulis mZime dazianeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom ad-

amianis gataceba fulis gamoZalvis mizniT yvela calke

aRebul kategoriis jamur maCvenebelSi simZimis mixed-

viT mesame adgilzea, igi mainc moxvda am jgufSi, radgan

108 109

aq moxvedril qmedebebs Soris cifrobrivi gansxvaveba

Zalzed umniSvnelo iyo.

mesame jgufSi moxvdnen qrTamis aReba da qonebis ganad-

gureba, isini mudmivad bolo or adgilze gvevlinebod-

nen, rogorc respodentebis absoluturi umravlesobis

azriT nakleb mniSvnelovani danaSaulebebi. aRniSnuli

ganpirobebulia im faqtiT, rom saqarTveloSi bolo wlebis

manZilze mkveTrad Semcirda qrTamis aReba-micemis faqtebi

da Sesabamisad mosaxleobisTvis am danaSaulma aqtualo-

ba dakarga.

Cemi azriT Tu gaupatiureba aRiqmeba rogorc erT erTi

yvelaze mZime danaSauli, maSin adamianiT vaWroba _ trefi-

kingi masze win Tu ara mis doneze mainc unda idges.

radgan gaupatiureba ZiriTadad erTi SemTxveviT Semo-

fargluli danaSaulia, xolo trefikingis SemTxvevaSi

igive gaupatiurebis qmedebas mravaljeradi da droSi

gaWimuli saxe SeiZleba hqondes. xolo miRebuli Sedegi

miuTiTebs, rom saWiroa sazogadoebaSi trefikingis Ziri-

Tadi formebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrceleba.

Semdegi, meTormete kiTxva, romelic mocemuli iyo so-

ciologiur kvlevaSi logikurad agrZelebda wina kiTxvis

azrs da respodents sTxovda daesaxelebina, Tu ramdeni

wliT unda aRekveTos Tavisufleba adamianis trefikin-

gis danaSaulis Camden pirs?. kiTxva migvaniSnebda, Tu

ras fiqroben respodentebi trefikingis danaSaulis sim-

Zimeze.

kiTxva Camoyalibebuli iyo Semdegi saxiT:

12) Tqveni azriT trefikingis danaSaulis Camden pirs

Tavisufleba unda SeezRudos:

1. uvadod;

2. 15 -20 wliT;

3. 10-15 wliT;

4. 5-10 weliT

5. 5 welze naklebi vadiT.

pasuxebiT gamovlinda, rom respodentebis azri gaiyo,

saerTo jamSi vercerTma pasuxis variantma ver daagrova

28 procentze meti, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom 5 welze

nakleb sanqcias mxolod 5 respodenti miemxro (saerTo

raodenobis mxolod erTi procenti), xolo yvelaze meti

raodenoba, 119 erTeuli (28 procenti), uvadod patimrobam

miiRo.

miRebuli Sedegi miuTiTebs sazogadoebaSi mkacri

dasjis momxreTa mcired magram mainc siWarbeze da aseve

trefikingis problemis saerTo jamSi mwvaved aRqmaze.

aRsaniSnavia, rom umuSevrebi sxvebze ufro mkacrebi aRmoC-

dnen am sakiTxSi, sxva kategoriebTan SedarebiT. maT Soris

yvelaze didma procentma (36%) daasaxela uvadod patimro-

ba misaReb sasjelad, rac albaT gamomdinareobs im gare-

moebidan, rom isini Tavis socialuri mdgomarebidan gamom-

dinare acnobiereben trefikingis safrTxes, romelsac Se-

iZleba adgili hqondes piradad maT mimarT da Sesabamisad

surT maqsimaluri sasjelis misja am saqmiT dakavebul-

TaTvis, raTa aman iqonios prevenciuli zemoqmedeba.

Semdegi, mecamete, SekiTxva, romelic daisva socio-

logiur kvlevaSi, Camoyalibebuli iyo Semdegi redaqciiT:

aris Tu ara trefikingi aqtualuri problema saqar-

TvelosTvis:

1. diax _ arsebuli social-ekonomikuri problemebis

gamo;

2. diax _ saqarTvelos geopolitikuri mdebareobis gamo;

3. ara _ aRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi movlenis gamovle-

nis simciris gamo;

4. ara _ radgan qveyanaSi arsebobs sxva mravali ufro

metad mniSvnelovani problema.

110 111

aRniSnul kiTxvaze pasuxebis dajamebiT miRebulma

Sedegebma gviCvena I variantis: diax – arsebuli social-

ekonomikuri problemebis gamo; absoluturi upiratesoba,

romelmac 313 xma - 420 SesaZleblobidan miiRo (pasuxebis

71 procenti). am Sedegma azri daukarga monacemebis katego-

riebis mixedviT dajamebas, gansakuTrebiT imis gaTvalis-

winebiT, rom es procenti aris miRebul pasuxebs Soris

xvedriTi wili da Sesabamisad respodentebis saerTo

raodenobaSi misi wilobrivi maCvenebeli 71 procentis

magivrad 75 procentamde izrdeba.

rac Seexeba sxva pasuxebs, unda aRiniSnos rom, prob-

lemis aqtualoba eWvqveS daayenes pasuxebis 18 procentSi,

saidanac naxevarSi miTiTeba gakeTda qveyanaSi sxva ufro

mniSvnelovani problemebis arsebobaze.

kvlevaSi aseve daisva kiTxva, imis gasagebad, Tu ras

fiqrobs xalxi saqarTvelos rolze adamianTa trefikingis

danaSaulebrivi qselis saerTaSoriso struqturaSi, aris

is msxverplTa tranzitis, warmoSobis, Tu eqspluataciis

saxelmwifo. am sakiTxs exeboda meToTxmete kiTxva, rome-

lic Camoyalibebuli iyo Semdegi redaqciiT:

14) Tqveni azriT saqarTvelo ZiriTadad warmoadgens:

1. trefikingis msxverplTa warmoSobis saxelmwifos;

2. tranzitis saxelmwifos msxverplTa gadasayvanad;

3. msxverplTa daniSnulebis – eqsploataciis adgils;


gamokiTxvis Sedegad miviReT, rom respodentTa 37 pro-

cents uWirs raime konkretulis dasaxeleba, 33 procen-

tisTvis saqarTvelo warmoadgens msxverplTa warmoSobis

saxelmwifos, 26 procenti miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelo aris

mxolod satranzito teritoria, xolo 6 procentisTvis

eqsploataciis adgili.

miRebuli monacemebis kategoriebs Soris Sedarebam

uCvena, rom kategoriebSi suraTi ZiriTadad Seesabameba

saerTos, magram aqac aRmoCnda erTi saintereso faqti:

dasaqmebulebs da umuSevrebs Soris gacemuli pasuxebis

Sedarebam uCvena, rom dasaqmebulebi ZiriTadad (75 SemTxve-

vaSi 156-dan(49%)) saqarTvelos asaxeleben rogor adamian-

Ta trefikingis msxverplTa warmoSobis saxelmwifos, xolo

umuSevrebi igives amboben 33 SemTxvevaSi 140 dan (23%).

umuSevrebs Soris yvelaze gavrcelebuli pasuxia `miWirs

pasuxis gacema~- 62 SemTxveva (44%). rac SeiZleba aixsnas

imiT, rom am ukanaskneli kategoriis adamianebma, scades

magram mainc ver SeZles, verc ucxoeTSi aralegalurad

wasvla da verc saqarTveloSi ramenairi, Tundac mZime da

Tugind naklebanazRaurebadi samsaxuris Sovna da Sesa-

bamisad saqarTvelos teritoriaze trefikingTan Sexebas

naklebsavaraudod miiCneven.

sociologiurma kvlevam agreTve gverdi ver auara sak-

iTxs, Tu romeli qveynebi miaCniaT respodentebs adamian-

Ta trefikingis mxriv saSiSad, rac meTxuTmete kiTxvis

Sinaarss warmoadgenda da Camoyalibda Semdegnairad:

Tqveni azriT, saqarTvelodan emigrirebulebisaTvis

trefikingis mxriv saSiSi regionebia: (danomreT saSiS-

roebis klebis mixedviT umaRlesi saSiSroeba-1)

1. saberZneTi;

2. ruseTi;

3. TurqeTi;

4. aSS;

5. dasavleT evropa;

6. arabeTis gaerTianebuli saemiroebi.

miRebuli pasuxebis gadamuSavebam gamoavlina, rom re-

spodentebi erTsulovnad aRniSnaven TurqeTs, rogorc

saqarTvelodan wasulTaTvis adamianTa trefikingis sa-

112 113

SiSroebis mxriv lider saxelmwifos, 420 respodentidan

308 (74%). xolo saberZneTi, rogorc yvelaze saxifaTo

daasaxela 49 respodentma (11%), ruseTi _ 16-ma, arabeTis

gaerTianebuli saemiroebi _ 14-ma, amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebic _ 16-ma respodentma, xolo dasavleT evropa 17-

ma respodentma daasaxela, rac TiToeulze saSualod 4

procentamdea.

am kiTvxaSic, ise rogorc meTerTmete kiTxvaSi moxda

qveynebis virtualuri dajgufeba:

pirvel jgufSi moxvda respodentTa azriT yvelaze

saSiSi 3 saxelmwifo – romlebic anketaTa absolutur

umravlesobaSi aseTad gvevlinebian, esenia:

1. TurqeTi;

2. saberZneTi;

3. ruseTi.

meore jgufSi moxvdnen is saxelmwifoebi, romlebzec

xalxs aqvT dadebiTi warmodgena rogorc warmatebuli

da demokratiuli qveynebis, da romlebic am pasuxebis

Sedegebad gamovlindnen, rogorc respodentTa azriT na-

klebad saSiSi saxelmwifoebi, esenia:

1. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi;

2. dasavleT evropis qveynebi.

xolo calke dgas arabeTis gaerTianebuli saemiroebi,

romelic respodentebSi erTgvarovan midgomebs ar war-

moSobs da Sesabamisad masze miniWebuli saSiSroebis in-

deqsi pirovnebebSi, individualuri warmodgenebis da am

qveyanaze arsebuli informaciis mixedviT, araprognozire-

badi da urTierTgamomricxvelicaa - mas `1~ anu udidesi

saSiSroeba mianiWa 14 pirovnebam, 2 – 90-ma, 3 – 72-ma, 4 – 55-

ma, 5 – 65ma, xolo 6 – anu umciresi saSiSroeba yvelaze

metma 124 respodentma, anu 29 procentma – rac erTmniS-

vnelovani daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs.

momdevno, meTeqvsmete kiTxva gamiznuli iyo respodent-

ebisgan gagvego maTi azri saqarTveloSi trefikingis

msxverplTa asakis Sesaxeb, kiTxva Camoyalibebuli iyo

Semdegi formiT:

Tqveni azriT, romel asakSi ufro metia trefikingis

msxverpli saqarTveloSi:

1. 16-18;

2. 18-21;

3. 21-29;

4. 29-40;

5. 40 da meti.

respodentTa umravlesoba Tvlis, rom saqarTveloSi

trefikingis msxverplTa asakia 21-29 weli, rac 258 respo-

dentma aRniSna 420-dan (62 procenti). xolo meore adgi-

lze gasul maCvenebels - 18-21 wels, respodentTa 26 pro-

centma mianiWa upiratesoba (111 respodenti). arasrulwlo-

vanTa da ufrosi Taobis adamianebis trefikingis arsebo-

bas respodentTa SedarebiT mcire raodenoba aRiarebs.

rac SeiZleba aixsnas imiT, rom saqarTveloSi ar aris

gavrcelebuli arasrulwlovanTa pornografia da msgav-

si tipis danaSaulobebi, sadac gamoiyeneba aRniSnuli

asakis pirovnebaTa iZulebiTi eqspluatacia.

da bolos, sociologiuri kvlevis damasrulebeli kiT-

xva miznad isaxavda respodentebisgan informaciis miRe-

bas Tu danaSaulTa romel jgufSi xedaven isini adamian-

Ta trefikings.

kiTxva Camoyalibebuli iyo Semdegi saxiT:

17) trefikingi aris:

1. organizebuli danaSauloba;

2. transnacionaluri danaSauloba;

3. jgufuri danaSauloba;

4. gaufTxilebeli danaSauloba.

114 115

pasuxebis daTvla _ gaanalizebam mogvca Semdegi

daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualeba: brespodentTa umravleso-

bam, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, adamianTa trefikingi gaaigi-

va organizebul danaSaulTan, 260 respodenti (xmebis 54%),

rac savsebiT marTebulia. umravlesobis azriT, trefik-

ingi SeiZleba moxdes erT saxelmwifos sazRvrebSic, radgan

mxolod 131 respodentma gausva xazi transnacionalurobas.

aRniSnuli monacemebis kategoriebis mixedviT daTvlas

ar SevudeqiT, radgan maTSi ar aris raime arsebiTi sxvao-

ba saerTo jamTan mimarTebiT.

daskvnis saxiT gvinda SevajeroT kvlevis calkeuli

punqtebiT miRebuli Sedegebi.

sazogadoebis azris kvlevam gamoavlina saWiroeba imi-

sa, rom aucilebelia moxdes saxelmwifos mier gatarebu-

li reformebis da miRebuli Sedegebis sazogadoebaSi

popularizacia, radgan, trefikingis aRmosafxvrelad miRe-

buli zomebiT, saqarTvelo erT-erT mowinave adgilzea

msoflioSi, rac sazogadoebis azrSi ar aisaxeba.

aseve, kvleviT gamovlinda, rom saxelmwifoSi gatare-

bulma iseTma reformebma, romlebic mosaxleobisTvis

TvalsaCinoa, jerovani asaxva hpoves sazogadoebriv az-

rSi, rac sasazRvro kontrolis magaliTze gamoCnda: Tu

2007 wlis kvleviT, respodentebis sasazRvro kontrolis

gaumjobesebis saWiroebaze miuTiTebdnen, ukve 2009 wl-

isTvis (am droisTvis moxda mniSvnelovani reformebi

sasazRvro policiaSi) aRniSnuli problematika aRar

figurirebs.

kvleviT gamovlinda, rom mosaxleoba marTebulad erkve-

va trefikingis arsSi, aqvs sakuTari zogadi warmodgena,

rom adamianTa trefikingi sazrdoobs ekonomikuri sidux-

Wirisgan da saxelmwifos sisustisgan, misi uunarobisgan,

jerovnad Seasrulos maszed dakisrebuli movaleobebi.

moqalaqeebi adamianTa trefikingis winaaRmdeg upirve-

les saSualebad mosaxleobis socialuri mdgomareobis

gaumjobesebas, sazRvrebis gaxsnas da ucxoeTSi legalu-

ri Sromis SesaZleblobas asaxeleben.

respodentebi jerovnad afaseben SesaZleblobas, rom

trefikingis msxverpli SeiZleba gaxdes nebismieri moqa-

laqe sqesis da asakis ganurCevlad. isini did rols ani-

Weben ganaTlebas, radgan motyueba iqna miCneuli umetes-

wilad msxverplad gaxdomis mizezad.

kvlevis pasuxebidan gamomdinare, respodentebis mier,

xazgasmulia trefikingis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi xasiaT-

ic, momatebuli saSiSroebac da samarTaldamcavi orga-

noebis roli trefikingTan brZolaSi - rac arajerovnad

miiCneva.

dadebiTad SeiZleba aRiniSnos is faqti, rom mxolod

respodentTa or procents hqonda raime saxis kontaqti

trefikingis msxverplTan, da isic nawilobriv profesi-

idan gamomdinare. rac aRniSnuli danaSaulobis simcir-

eze, an mis maRal latenturobaze miuTiTebs.

saintereso faqtia, rom mamrobiTi sqesis arcerTma war-

momadgenelma ar miuTiTa, rom hqonia raime formis Sexeba

trefikingis msxverplTan da arc icnobda aseTs, rac eWvqveS

ayenebs mosazrebas, rom trefikingis msxverplTa momsaxu-

reoba gamoiyeneba seqsindustriis dawesebulebebSi (yovel

SemTxvevaSi saqarTveloSi amis damadasturebeli aravi-

Tari faqti ar mogvepoveba).

Sedegebis analizSi bevrjer mivediT im daskvnamde, rom

asaki da saqmianoba ganapirobebs pirovnebis midrekilebas

mxari dauWiros romelime gavrcelebul azrs. Cven SemTxve-

vaSi xazi mravaljer gaesva ufrosi asakis warmomadgn-

lebis TviTdajerebulobas, ganaTlebis rolis CrdilSi

moqcevas da saxelmwifos mniSvnelobis gazviadebas. ma-

116 117

Sin, rodesac axalgazrda Taoba da gansakuTrebulad

studentebi xazs usvamen pirovnebis ganaTlebis donis

mniSvnelobas da naklebad akeTeben aqcentebs saxelmwi-

fos rolze da pasuxismgeblobaze.

respodentebma trefikingi jerovnad Seafases, rogorc

transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSauli, romelsac

transnacionalurobis miuxedavad Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi

saxec gaaCnia.

aRsaniSnavia, rom respodentebi ar icnoben trefikingis

iseT mniSvnelovan saxes, rogoricaa adamianis organoebiT

vaWroba (Semoxaza respodentTa mxolod samma procentma).

Tu 2007 da 2009 wlebis sociologiuri kvlevis Sede-

gebs SevajamebT, SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna, rom respode-

ntebi trefikingTan brZolis saqmes aigiveben samarTaldam-

cavi organoebis muSaobasTan, amavdroulad, isini maT

saqmianobas araefeqturad miiCneven.

respodentebs miuReblad miaCniaT kanonis gamkacrebis

politika, rac dasturia gavrcelebuli azrisa, rom kano-

nis gamkacrebiT danaSaulobas ver aRmofxvri.

rogorc Cans, mosaxleobisTvis trefikingSi msxverpl-

Ta rekrutirebaze warmodgena Zalzed martivi meTodebiT

Semoifargleba, rac moiTxovs Sesabamis samarTaldamcav

Tu arasamTavrobo organizaciebisgan rekrutirebis meTo-

debze informaciis gavrcelebas, raTa savaraudo msxver-

plma SeZlos SesaZlo Sedegebze da mosalodnel safrTxe-

ebze winaswar prevenciuli RonisZiebebis miReba.[44]

Tavi III - adamianiT vaWrobis - trefikingis

determinacia - mizezebi

$1. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis warmoSobis

mizezebisa da pirobebis zogadi daxasiaTeba.

iseve rogorc sxva nebismier movlenas adamianTa trefi-

kingsac gaaCnia gamomwvevi mizezebi da xelSemwyobi pirobe-

bi. isini SeiZleba dajgufdes sxvadasxva niSnis mixedviT,

rogoricaa saxelmwifo-politikuri, samarTlebrivi, saer-

To socialuri, ekonomikuri, teqnologiuri, da sxva mize-

zebi da xelSemwyobi pirobebi.

saerTo socialur mizezebSi da xelSemwyob pirobebSi

SeiZleba gavaerTianoT iseTi movlenebi, rogorebicaa:

_ umuSevroba – warmoadgens adamianTa trefikingis erT-

erT mTavar sazrdos, qveyanaSi Sesabamisi samsaxuris pov-

nis SeuZlebloba adamians aiZulebs daTanxmdes nebismier

Tundac naklebad anazRaurebad da sarisko samuSaos, imis

imediT, rom es mxolod droebiTi sazrdos wyaro iqneba.

aseve es mizezi ubiZgebs Sromisunarian aqtiur mosaxle-

obas datovos qveynis teritoria da Tavisi SesaZleblobe-

bis gamovlena Seecados ucxo qveynis teritoriaze;

_ gaWirveba – warmoadgens xangrZlivi umuSevrobis

Sedegs, am dros pirovneba vardeba sasowarkveTil mdgo-

mareobaSi, eufleba uimedoba, rac ubiZgebs mas gaakeTos

nebismieri saqme, oRond gadarCes da Tavi daaRwios gaWirve-

bas, maT Soris ar Takilobs kriminals, organoTa da

sakuTari SvilebiT vaWrobasac;

_ mosaxleobis ganaTlebis done _ ganaTleba adamians

legaluri, Rirseuli dasaqmebis saSualebas aZlevs da

saxelmwifos ganviTarebis winapirobaa. saerTo ganaTlebis

118 119

mniSvnelobasTan erTad, inteleqti xdis pirovnebas ufro

dakvirvebuls da gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi ufro frTx-

ils, rac pirovnebis trefikingSi motyuebiT Cabmas nakleb

savaraudos xdis.

saWiroa xazi gavusvaT samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis mniS-

vnelobas, Cven SemTxvevaSi mosaxleobaSi trefikingis

Sesaxeb cnobierebis amaRlebas. saWiroa, rom sazogado-

ebam icodes Tu ra saxis qmedebebia dasjadi, ra qmedebebi

SeiZleba Seicavdnen farul safrTxes, risi uflebebi da

movaleobebi aqvT moqalaqeebs qveynis winaSe da saxelmwi-

fosgan ris moTxovna SeuZliaT.

_ mosaxleobis simWidrove – cnobilia, rom mWidrod

dasaxlebul qalaqebSi, gansakuTrebiT aziis regionSi

farTod gavrcelebulia adamianTa trefikingi, radgan

mWidrod dasaxlebul zonebSi Sesustebulia saxelmwifo

kontroli da farTodaa warmodgenili organizebuli

danaSaulebrivi dajgufebebi. aq mosaxleobis xelmisawv-

domoba sxvadasxva materialuri sikeTeze garTulebulia,

rac ubiZebs mosaxleobas wavidnen emigraciaSi ukeTesi

pirobebis molodiniT. mWidrod dasaxlebul regionebSi

iolia adamianTa gadamalva. aseve mWidrod dasaxlebul

qalaqebSi didia umuSevroba, prostitucia da bavSvTa miusa-

frobis gavrceleba.

_ mosaxleobis religiuri da sxva warmodgenebi – zogi-

erT religiur mimdinareobebSi trefikingis definiciiT

moculi qmedebebi, iseTebi rogoricaa adamianis monur

mdgomareobaSi yola, gansakuTrebiT sxva religiis warmo-

madgenlebis, ojaxis wevrebiT vaWroba, maTze yovelgvari

uflebis qona aris Cveulebrivi movlena, rac Tavad am

qmedebebis obieqtebSic ar aRZravs miuReblobis grZnobas

da isini ar cdiloben Tavi daaRwion eqspluatacias.

_ socialur mizezebSi da xelSemwyob pirobebSi aseve

erTiandeba yvela sxva socialuri movlena, rac gavlenas

axdens danaSaulobis maCveneblebze, rogoricaa qalTa

emansipaciis xarisxi, genderuli Tanasworoba da a.S.

ekonomikur mizezebSi da xelSemwyob pirobebSi, rom-

lebic mecnierTa azriT warmoadgenen migraciis da tre-

fikingis mTavar mizezs,[32, 12] SeiZleba moviazroT:

_ iaf muSaxelze moTxovna _ msoflios ganviTarebul

saxelmwifoebSi bolo periodSi mosaxleobis cxovrebis

donis amaRlebam gamoiwvia samuSao bazarze iseTi vakan-

siebis gaCena, romelTa dakavebasac adgilobrivi mosaxle-

oba ar Tanxmdeba, rasac aqvs mravali safuZveli, maT

Soris SeiZleba dasaxeldes: samuSaos araprestiJuloba,

samuSao pirobebis simZime, samuSaos mZime grafiki, zog

SemTxvevaSi konkretuli qveynis moqalaqeTaTvis saxelm-

wifos mier umuSevrobis socialuri dacvis meqanizmebiT

miRebuli daxmareba moqalaqeTaTvis ufro sarfiania, vidre

konkretul samuSao adgilidan miRebuli SesaZlo Semo-

savali, magram amgvari samuSaos Sesruleba mainc aucile-

blobas warmoadgens, risTvisac am saxelmwifoebSi xdeba

Raribi qveynebidan nakleb-pretenziuli muSaxelis lega-

luri importi an aseT saqmianobaSi Cabmul aralegalur

muSaxelze Tvalis daxuWva – saxelmwifo struqturebis

mxridan ar reagireba.

_ specialur kvalifikaciis muSaxelze moTxovna –

ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtorSi (ZiriTadad aralegalur

sferoSi) iseTi vakansiebis da samuSaoebis arseboba, romel-

Ta Sesrulebac mxolod garkveuli kvalifikaciis da

codnis pirovnebebs SeuZliaT da sadac aseTi kvalifikaci-

is adamianebis deficitia (magaliTad: narkobiznesSi qimi-

kosebis, Zvirfas nakeTobebis biznesSi iuvelirebis, ara-

legalur organoTa transplantaciaSi qirurgebis da a.S.)

120 121

ZiriTadad es samuSaoebi Tu momsaxureoba maRalanazRaure-

badia da Sesabamisad metad mimzidvelia aralegalurad

momuSave organizaciebisTvis da adamianiT movaWreTaTvis.

am SemTxvevaSi moiazreba aseve adamianis inteleqtualuri

Sromis eqspluatacia, rac pirovnebis datyvevebis pirobebSi

martivad Sesasrulebelia.

_ adamianTa trefikingSi CarTuli organizaciebisTvis

Tavad am saqmianobisgan uzarmazari mogebis miRebis SesaZ-

lebloba, gamovlenis da dasjadobis dabali xarisxiT.

narkotikebis da iaraRis danaSaulebrivi biznesisgan gansx-

vavebiT, sadac produqcia erTjerad realizacias eqvemde-

bareba da produqtis gayidviT sruldeba, adamianiTa tre-

fikingSi msxverplTa mravaljeradi gamoyenebis SesaZle-

blobaa da pirovneba Semosavlis wyaros mravali wlis

ganmalobaSi SeiZleba warmoadgendes. damnaSave organiza-

ciebisTvis aseve martivia arsebuli narko da iaraRis gada-

zidvisTvis Seqmnili marSrutebis gadakvalificireba ad-

amianTa gadasazidad. saerTaSoriso eqspertTa daskvnebiT

adamianTa trefikings weliwadSi miliard dolaramde Se-

mosavali moaqvT danaSaulebrivi organizaciebisaTvis da

es maCvenebeli wlidan wlamde izrdeba.[29, 2]

_ transplantaciis biznesSi arsebuli sasicocxlod

aucilebel organoebze didi moTxovna da Sesabamisi mi-

wodebis ar arseboba. maSin roca mdidari momakvdavi re-

cipientebi mzad arian saWiro organosTvis uzarmazari

Tanxebi gaiRon.

organoTa donorobis problemas da mis rogorc tre-

fikingis msxverplTa gamoyenebis erT-erT mimarTulebas

xazs usvams arsebuli statistika, kerZod organoTa gada-

nergvis rigSi myof avadmyofTa simravle, romelTa raode-

nobam mxolod amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis teritori-

aze 2009 wels 100 000 pirovnebas miaRwia, maSin, rodesac

legalur donorTa ricxvi (im pirTa ricxvi, vinc Tanxmoba

ganacxada gardacvalebis Semdeg organoTa donorobaze)

weliwadSi 5-dan 8 aTasamde adamianis farglebSi meryeobs.

2010 wlisTvis amerikaSi Tirkmlis rigSi Camdgar avadmyo-

fisTvis Sesaferisi donori organos molodini saSua-

lod 10 weliwads Seadgens, maSin, rodesac transplant-

aciis rigSi mdgomi avadmyofis saSualo sicocxlis xangr-

Zlivoba 5 weliwads ar aWarbebs, rac avadmyofs sruliad

bunebrivad ubiZgebs sasurveli ogano eZebos aralega-

lur bazrebze da nebismieri meTodis gamoyenebiT.[82]

_ msxverplis rekrutirebisTvis da transportirebi-

sTvis saWiro danaxarjebis dabali maCveneblebi, zogi-

erT SemTxvevaSi ki piriqiT rekrutirebis procesidanac

damnaSaveTaTvis mogebis miRebis SesaZlebloba, rac mimz-

idvels xdis am bizness. saqarTvelos magaliTze SeiZle-

ba iTqvas, rom momavali msxverpli jer kidev saqarTve-

los teritoriaze xdeba dazaralebuli, radgan mas umetes

SemTxvevaSi arTmeven transportirebis, sabuTebis da ucx-

oeTis teritoriaze dapirebuli dasaqmebisTvis garkveul

anazRaurebas, ase rom ZiriTadad isini Tavis rekrutire-

bas da transportirebas TviTon afinanseben, radgan mo-

tyuebis an fsiqologiuri iZulebis msxverpli xdebian.

saxelmwifo-politikur mizezebSi da xelSemwyob

pirobebSi SeiZleba moviazroT:

– saxelmwifos nebis ar arseboba ebrZolos am movle-

nas _ aRniSnuli damaxasiaTebeli iyo 90-iani wlebis

saqarTvelos xelisuflebisaTvis, ra drosac qveynis

mTavrobas, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ar ecala migraciis pro-

cesebis kontrolisaTvis, Tavad iyo sxva da sxva mafio-

zuri dajgufebis monawileebisgan Semdgari da Sesabamis-

ad xdeboda brZola xelisuflebis da masTan erTad

ukanono Semosavlebis xelSi Casagdebad, xolo adamianTa

122 123

trefikingis msgavsi qmedebebi maTTvis Semosavlis wyarosac

ki warmoadgenda.

dResdReisobiT, ratomRac brZolis saxelmwifos nebis

ar arseboba SeiZleba mivusadagoT prostituciasTan mimar-

TebiT qveynis politikas. qveyanaSi mravlad funqcionirebs

ukanono seqs momsaxureobis dawesebulebebi da kerZod

momuSave prostitutebi, romlebzec informacia yvela

dainteresebul pirs aqvs, magram ar xdeba kanonis Sesa-

bamisad maTi funqcionirebis aRkveTa.

_ saxelmwifo-politikuri adamianTa trefikingis xel-

Semwyobi piroba SeiZleba iyos aseve mTavrobis ususuroba

_ anu roca qveyanaSi arsebobs brZolisTvis saWiro saka-

nonmdeblo baza, mTavrobas gaaCnia neba SeebrZolos am

movlenas, magram ar gaaCnia finansuri, materialuri Tu

sazogadebrivi mxardaWera, raTa ganaxorcielos miRebu-

li kanonmdebloba.

_ kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli naklovanebebi _ aRniSnu-

li warmoadgens metad mniSvnelovan pirobas, rac saSu-

alebas aZlevs trefikingiT dakavebul organizaciebs kano-

nis gverdis avliT dausjelad imoqmedon. aseve aqve igu-

lisxmeba sxvadasxva qveynis kanonmdeblobis araharmoniu-

loba da maT Soris lavirebis SesaZlebloba transnaci-

onaluri dajgufebebisaTvis, romlebic aseTi naklovanebe-

biT sazrdooben.

_ korufcia _ igi warmodgeba am maRalSemosavliani

biznesisTvis metad sasurvel maprovocirebel elementad,

radgan trefikerebs biznesis maRalSemosavlianobis xarj-

ze SeuZliaT iolad moisyidon korumpirebuli Cinovnike-

bi da dausjelad ganaxorcielon maTi saqmianoba, rac

sxva SemTxvevebSi metad sarisko iqneboda.

_ saxelmwifo politikur mizezebSi SeiZleba moeqces

qveynebs Soris arsebuli konfliqtebi _ rogorc Ria

saomari dapirispirebebi, aseve mwvave politikuri winaaRmde-

gobebi, rac kavSirs da TanamSromlobas gamoricxavs da-

pirispirebul saxelmwifoTa Soris da saSualebas aZlevs

damnaSaveTa sazogadoebas ipovon TavSesafari mtruli

qveynebis teritoriaze da iqedan dausjelad marTon dan-

aSaulebrivi qseli. amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT

saqarTvelos da ruseTis damokidebuleba. ruseTis teri-

toriaze moxda saqarTvelodan gaqceuli damnaSaveebis

Tavmoyra. maTze iq araviTari samarTlebrivi reagireba

ar xdeba miuxedavad interpoliT gamocxadebuli Zebnisa.

xolo isini Tavis mxriv cdiloben saqarTveloSi arsebu-

li kriminaluri samyaros marTvas. aseve qarTveli erovnebis

adamianebi umetes SemTxvevaSi Tavs grZnoben daucvelad

da ganicdian Seviwrovebas ruseTis teritoriaze.

teqnologiur mizezebSi da xelSemwyob pirobebSi Sei-

Zleba vigulisxmoT:

_ mgzavrobis gamartiveba _ XXI sakuneSi manZilebi

Semcirda rogorc arasdros. Tu meTeqvsmete saukunemde

atlantikis gadacurva warmoudgeneli iyo da maSindeli

teqnologiebiT amas, didi sasicocxlo riskis pirobebSi,

ramodenime Tve dasWirdeboda, XXI saukuneSi Tbilisidan

niu iorkamde mgzavrobisTvis, yovelgvari safrTxis gareSe,

1 dRec araa saWiro. aseve aRsaniSnavia XXI saukuneSi

mgzavrobis siiafe da mgzavrTa kontrolis dabali xarisxi.

es ukanaskneli nel-nela umjobesdeba 11 seqtembris mov-

lenebis Semdeg.

aviaciis, sazRvao transportis, rkinigzis da sxva Tan-

amedrove satransporto saSualebebis farTo arCevani did

asparezs uqmniT adamianTa ukanonod gadayvanis msurvelT.

_ mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebis ganviTareba

_ mobiluri telefonebis gamogonebam gaamartiva kavSire-

bi danaSaulebrivi dajgufebis rgolebs Soris, gazarda

124 125

maTi operatiuloba da moqniloba, Sesabamisad sagrZno-

blad gaarTula maTi gamovlena da pasuxisgebaSi micema.

_ internet teqnologiebis ganviTareba _ aRniSnuli

adamianebis kontrolis axal ganzomilebas warmoqmnis.

aiolebs adamianze informaciis Segrovebas, maTze yo-

velmxrivi kontrolis damyarebas da fsiqologiuri ze-

gavlenis moxdenas. amartivebs aralegaluri saqonlis da

momsaxureobis realizacias, internet reklamis da vaWrobis

virtualuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. eleqtronuli

vaWroba mniSvnelovani segmentia, radgan aq farTo saSuale-

bebia yidva-gayidvis operaciis monawile mxareebis ano-

nimurobis garantirebisTvis da Sesabamisad aralegaluri

produqciis realizaciisTvis.

internet teqnologiebis ganviTarebam warmoqmna adami-

anTa trefikingisTvis mimzidveli momsaxureobebis gawevis

SesaZleblobebi, rogoricaa porno saitebi da virtualuri

seqsualuri momsaxureobis nairsaxeobebi, aseve virtualuri

bordelebi, sadac momsaxureobas sTavazoben realuri

prostitutebi, da yvela msurvels SeuZlia realurad

Sexvedris pirobebis SeTanxmeba, aRniSnuli kargad funq-

cionirebs saqarTveloSic, razec, rogorc ukve avRniS-

neT, ratomRac ar reagirebs qarTuli samarTaldamcavi

organoebi.

_ teqnologiur mizezebSi da xelSemwyob pirobebSi

SeiZleba moviazroT sazogadoebaSi azris - informaciis

gavrcelebis zogadad gamartiveba Tanamedrove teqnolo-

giebis uamravi siaxlis meSveobiT, rac aiolebs trefik-

ingis msxverplTa Segrovebis RonisZiebebs, cru reklame-

bis da cru dapirebebis gavrcelebis meSveobiT, maT Soris

televiziis gamoyenebiT.

_ teqnologiur mizezebSi da xelSemwyob pirobebSi

aseve moiazreba maRalteqnologiuri qirurgiuli opera-

ciebis _ surogatuli dedobis, organoTa da qsovilebis

gadanergvebis Catarebis SesaZlebloba _ rac warmoud-

geneli iyo ramodenime aTwleulis win. yovelwliurad

izrdeba im organoTa CamonaTvali, romlis gadanergvac

SesaZlebelia. aseve izrdeba transplantaciisTvis amoRe-

bul organoTa Senaxvis gaxangrZlivebis teqnologiebi.

yvelaferi zemoTaRniSnuli zrdis jansaR organoebze

moTxovnas, xolo legaluri donorebis simcire da didi

rigebi, recipientebs aiZulebs sasicocxlod aucilebel

organoebze izrunon sxva aralegaluri gzebis gamoyenebi-

Tac, raSic mzad arian gaiRon uzarmazari saxsrebi.

aRniSnuli mizezebis CamonaTvali ar aris amomwuravi

da qveynebis mixedviT mravali siaxlis da gansxvavebis

Setana SeiZleba. TviT saxelmwifo Tavis ganviTarebis

doniT gansazRvravs masSi SesaZlo trefikinguli qselis

raobas da TviT saxelmwifos ganviTarebis, ekonomikuri

warmatebis maRali donec ar warmoadgens garantias tre-

fikingisgan daculobisa da mxolod cvlis mis saxes,

Tu naklebad ganviTarebul qveynebSi Sesabamisi organiza-

ciebi msxverplTa rekrutirebiT arian dakavebuli, ganvi-

Tarebul qveynebSi isini ZiriTadad realizator-eqsplua-

tatorebad gvevlinebian da SeiZleba iTqvas, ufro mZlavr

– gamZle organizmad yalibdebian.

yvela zemoTCamTvlili elementi warmoadgens zogadad

adamianTa migraciis da trefikingis maprovocirebel

elementebs. mecnierTa umravlesoba am elementebis sistem-

atizaciisas emxroba egreTwodebul `push –pull~ Teorias

da Sesabamisad ganacalkevebs erTmaneTisgan im faqtorebs,

romlebic warmosdgebian rogorc qveynis datovebis mapro-

vocirebel erTeulebad - `push factors~ da im faqtorebs,

romlebic izidaven maT konkretul mimReb saxelmwifoeb-

Si gamgzavrebisken - `pull factors~.[38, 22]

126 127

faqtorebs, romlebic warmosdgebian rogorc qveynis

datovebis maprovocirebel erTeulebad, warmoadgenen:

`demografiuli zrda, dabali cxovrebis standartebi,

arasakmarisi ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebi, politikuri

SezRudvebi.~[38, 22] realurad es faqtorebi gaerTianebuli

arian, ase vTqvaT, monusxul jaWvSi, ganapirobeben ra erT-

maneTs. ase magaliTad demografiuli zrda iwvevs resur-

sebze xelmisawvdomobis Semcirebas, rac moicavs yvelafers

sacxovreblidan dawyebuli, wylis resursiT, sakvebiT da

dasaqmebis SesaZleblobiT damTavrebuli da Sesabamisad

iwvevs cxovrebis standartebis da ekonomikuri SesaZ-

leblobebis daqveiTebas, rac Tavis mxriv iwvevs xelisu-

flebis mxridan represiuli politikis gatarebas, raTa

SeinarCunos xelisufleba. meore mxriv xelisuflebis mier

gatarebuli represiuli politika iwvevs saerTaSoriso

investiciebis Semcirebas da Sesabamisad ekonomikis da

cxovrebis standartebis dacemas.[27, 6]

rac Seexeba faqtorebs, romlebic ganapirobeben emig-

rantisTvis konkretul mimReb saxelmwifos mimzidvelo-

bas, esenia: `moTxovna muSa xelze, xelmisawvdomoba mi-

waze, kargi ekonomikuri SesaZleblbebis arseboba da poli-

tikuri Tavisuflebebi~.[38, 22]

mecnierebi yuradRebas amaxvileben im faqtze, rom pi-

rovneba migraciaze gadawyvetilebas iRebs ubralo dak-

virvebiT mis adgilsamyofel saxelmwifos da sasurvel,

daniSnulebis saxelmwifos SigniT arsebuli viTarebis

SedarebiT, im mogeba danaxarjis analiziT Tu rogori

ekonomikuri Sedegebis momtani iqneba misTvis gamgzavreba

da ras moelis darCenis SemTxvevaSi. xolo trefikingis

pirobebSi analizs akeTebs ara mxolod msxverpli, romel-

sac hgonia, rom migraciaSi erTveba, aramed trefikioric,

romelic angariSobs, Rirs Tu ara konkretul SemTxveva-

Si trefikingis ganxorcieleba, ra materialuri Sedegebis

momtani iqneba da ra sirTuleebis winaSe aRmoCndeba igi.

Tavad trefikioris qcevasac ganapirobebs rigi faqto-

rebi, rogoricaa qveyanaSi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis da-

bali done da dabali xelfasebi, romlebic momxibvlels

xdis trefikingis ganxorcielebas rogorc maRalSemosav-

lian bizness trefikiorTaTvis, qveyanaSi korufciis maRa-

li done, romelic trefikiors uqmnis gancdas, rom igi

SeZlebs marTlmsajulebidan Tavis daRwevas.

da bolos, Sejamebis saxiT gvinda CamovTvaloT yvela

is hipoTeza, romlebic mocemulia adamianis trefikingis

sxvadasxva saxelmZRvaneloSi da kvlevaSi, rogorc tre-

fikingis xelSemwyobi pirobebi, esenia:

a) qveyanaSi ekonomikuri viTarebis mxriv:

1) msxverplTa warmoSobis saxelmwifoSi umuSevrobis

zrdis pirdapir-proporciulad izrdeba trefikingis msx-

verplTa ricxvi;

2) qveyanaSi erT sulze gadaangariSebiT mTliani Sida

produqtis SemcirebasTan erTad pirdapirproporciulad

izrdeba trefikingis msxverplTa ricxvi;

3) trefikingis msxverplTa warmoSobis saxelmwifoSi

ekonomikuri uTanasworobis zrdasTan erTad imatebs

msxverplTa raodenoba;

b) qveyanaSi demokratizaciis gavrcelebis mxriv:

1) trefikingis msxverplTa warmoSobis saxelmwifoSi

demokratiis ganviTareba iwvevs trefikingis msxverplTa

raodenobis Semcirebas;

2) qveyanaSi qalTa uflebebis winwamoweva da genderuli

Tanasworoba iwvevs trefikingis safrTxis Semcirebas;

g) sxva mniSvnelovani pirobebi:

1) qveynebSi, romelTa mosaxleobasac ukve gaaCnia mWidro

migraciuli kavSirebi trefikingis mimReb saxelmwifos-

128 129

Tan, aris ufro maRali viqtimuroba trefikingis mxriv,

vidre im qveynebSi, sadac aseTi kavSirebi ar aRiniSneba;

2) qveynebSi, romelTac gaaCniaT saxmeleTo sazRvari

trefikingis daniSnulebis saxelmwifoebTan, ufro metia

trefikingis msxverplTa ricxvi, vidre iseT saxelmwifo-

ebSi, romlebsac saxmeleTo sazRvari msgavs saxelmwi-

fosTan ar gaaCniaT;

3) msxverplTa warmoSobis saxelmwifoSi korufciis

donis zrda iwvevs trefikingis msxverplTa raodenobis

zrdas;

4) msxverplTa warmoSobis saxelmwifoSi kanonis uzena-

esobis mimarT mosaxleobis ndobis amaRleba iwvevs am

saxelmwifodan msxverplTa raodenobis zrdas;

5) qveynebi, romelTac gaaCniaT mkacri savizo kontro-

li mimReb saxelmwifosTan, warmoadgenen nakleb risks

msxverplTa warmoSobis mxriv, vidre is saxelmwifoebi,

visac Tavisufali mimosvla aqvT msxverplTa daniSnulebis

saxelmwifosTan.

$2. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis mizezebi da

pirobebi saqarTveloSi.

saqarTvelos magaliTze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aq warmod-

genilia zemoTxsenebuli adamianTa trefikingis mizezebis

da xelSemwyobi pirobebis umravlesoba, romlebic sxva-

dasxva simwvaviT dganan sazogadoebis winaSe daESesabami-

sad sxvadasxva zegavlenas axdenen saqarTveloSi adamian-

Ta trefikingis gavrcelebaze. am mizezebidan da xelSem-

wyob pirobebidan SeiZleba gamovyoT:

_ iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa arseboba - saqarT-

veloSi gvyavs iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa uzarmaza-

ri masa. 2009 wlis dekembris monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi

registrirebulia 258 000-ze meti devnili afxazeTidan da

cxinvalis regionidan, rac saqarTvelos mosaxleobis

daaxloebiT 6 procents Seadgens.[74]

_ saomari mdgomareoba mosazRvre saxelmwifosTan _

saqarTvelo aris saomar mdgomareobaSi ruseTis federa-

ciasTan, romelsac okupirebuli aqvs saqarTvelos teri-

toriis 20 procenti da Sesabamisad am teritoriebze arse-

buli kriminogenuli viTareba yvelanair zRvars gada-

cilebulia, aris mravali faqtebi okupirebul teritorie-

bze qarTveli erovnebis adamianTa Seviwroebisa, wamebisa

da yovelgvari arahumanuri mopyrobisa, maT Soris trefi-

kingis. 2010 wlis amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelm-

wifo departamentis msoflio masStabiT trefikingis

Sefasebis dokumentSi aRniSnulia, rom afxazeTi warmoad-

gens trefikingis msxverplTa eqspluataciis adgils, sadac

ZiriTadad Turqi warmoSobis msxverplTa eqspluataciaa

gamovlenili. qarTveloba okupirebul zonebSi uufle-

bobas niSnavs. 2008 wlis agvistos ruseT-saqarTvelos kon-

fliqtis Sedegad, saqarTveloSi ltolvilTa saerTo

ricxvs am regionebidan kidev 26 000-mde adamiani daemata.

ruseTSi TavSesafari hpoves saqarTvelodan gaqceulma krim-

inalebma da iqedan cdilobdnen saqarTvelos SigniT arse-

buli viTarebis gakontrolebas da arevas. ruseTis xeli-

sufleba ki, arc ki cdilobs interpolis saSualebiT Zebnil

pirTa dakavebas da piriqiT, axalisebs maT.

_ saqarTvelosTvis aseve mniSvnelovani risk faqtoria

uSualod sazRvrispiras, magram ara saqarTvelos teri-

toriaze mimdinare da jer kidev bolomde gadauwyveteli

ori regionaluri konfliqti – mTiani yarabaRis da Crdi-

lo kavkasiuri.

CeCneTis omis dros saqarTvelo bunebrivad warmoad-

genda CeCnuri winaaRmdegobisTvis momaragebis koridors,

130 131

ris gamoc sazRvris mimdebare regionSi farTod iyo gavrce-

lebuli adamianTa gataceba fulis gamoZalvis mizniT.

aRniSnuli konfliqtebis kvlav gaRvivebis SemTxvevaSi

isini Camoyalibdebian adamianTa trefikingis da sxva mZi-

me danaSaulis sazrdo wyarod, aseve bunebrivad moxdeba

regionis ekonomikuri stagnacia, rac Tavis negatiur gavle-

nas kriminogenul viTarebazec iqoniebs.

_ saqarTveloSi arsebuli ekonomikuri viTareba _

saqarTvelos ekonomika ar dgas Sesabamis doneze raTa

daakmayofilos mosaxleobis dasaqmebis raodenobrivi

moTxovnileba, aseve dasaqmebulebs SesTavazos Sesabami-

si xelfasebi.

saqarTvelos statistikis samsaxuris mixedviT qveyana-

Si 2009 wels aqtiur mosaxleobas, samuSao Zalas war-

moadgenda 1 991 800 adamiani, maT Soris dasaqmebuli iyo

1 656 100 piri, umuSevari iyo 335 600 moqalaqe, rac

umuSevrobis dones 16.9 procentiT gansazRvravda da rac

sakmaod didi cifria.[ix. danarTi 5]

rac Seexeba xelfasebs, saSualo Tviuri nominaluri

xelfasi 2008 wels 534.9 lars Seadgenda maSin, roca 2007

wels igi mxolod 368.1 laris doneze iyo da metic 2006

wels mxolod 277 lars Seadgenda.[ix. danarTi 6] Tu Sev-

xedavT xelfasebis zrdis dinamikas aRsaniSnavia xelfase-

bis matebis mniSvnelovani dadebiTi tendencia, rac mis-

asalmebelia da ganapirobebs mosaxleobis qveynis datove-

bis survilis Semcirebas.

ar unda davukargoT saakaSvilis xelisuflebas miR-

weuli ekonomikuri Sedegebi, man winamorbedisgan gansx-

vavebiT, SeZlo qveynis Cixidan daZvra, igrZnoba ekonomikis

gamococxleba. qveyanaSi mTliani Sida produqtis mateba

aSkaraa da 2006-2008 wlebSi erT sul mosaxleze gadaan-

gariSebiT 1763 aSS dolaridan 2921 aSS dolaramde gaizar-

da. aseve gaizarda mTliani Sida produqtis absoluturi

maCveneblebi.[ix. danarTi 7]

saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri viTarebis gaumjobesebaze

miuTiTebs aseve sxva demografiuli monacemebi, magali-

Tad 2009 wlisTvis 2003-Tan SedarebiT mcirediT, magram

mainc gazrdilia mosaxleobis ricxovnoba da igi Sead-

gens 4 385 400 adamians, rac daaxloebiT 42 000 kaciT metia

2003 wlis monacemze, cocxlad dabadebulTa ricxovnobac

gazrdilia da Tu 2003 wels maTi raodenoba 46 194 axal-

Sobils udrida 2009 wles ukve 63 377 axalSobili gaCnda.

amave periodSi gazrdilia aseve qorwinebaTa ricxvi da Tu

2003 wels 12 696 samoqalaqo qorwineba aRiricxa, 2009 wels

es maCvenebeli 31 752 erTeuls udrida. amave periodSi

sakmaod gazrdilia sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivoba,

Tu 2000 wels es maCvenebeli mamakacebisTvis 67.51 da qal-

batonebisTvis 74.98 wels Seadgenda, 2009 wels dabadebul-

TaTvis igive monacemi mamakacebisTvis 69.28 da qalbatoneb-

isTvis 78.99 wliT ganisazRvra.[75]

_ migraciuli procesebi _ sagrZnobia bolo wlebSi

saqarTvelodan imigrirebulTa raodenoba, amasTan aRsani-

Snavia igive periodSi tendencia maTi raodenobis Semcir-

ebisken, rasac nawilobriv xeli Seuwyo msoflio eko-

nomikurma krizisma da am krizisis mier gamowveulma ucxo-

eTSi dasaqmebis garTulebam. magram saerTo jamSi uaryo-

fiTi saldo kvlav saxezea. Tu 2000 wels saqarTvelo

datova 35 200 adamianma, 2005 wels saqarTveloSi piriqiT

dabrunda 76 300 adamiani, xolo momdevno 3 weliwadSi

saerTo jamSi saqarTvelo datova 43 000 pirovnebam.[75]

rac am wlebSi daZabul politikur viTarebas da 2008

wels ruseTTan samxedro dapirispirebam gamoiwvia.

_ saxmeleTo sazRvris arseboba trefikingis mimReb

saxelmwifosTan – TurqeTTan, romelic warmosdgeba

132 133

saqarTvelos moqalaqe trefikingis msxverplTaTvis

eqspluataciis ZiriTad qveynad. aRniSnuli faqti naTeli

dadasturebaa trefikingis xelSemwyobi pirobebis Sesaxeb

zemoTmoyvanili Tezisebis, sadac naTqvamia, rom trefikin-

gis msxverplTa eqspluataciis qveyanasTan saxmeleTo

sazRvris arseboba zdis am konkretul qveyanaSi msxver-

plTa ricxvs da aseve igive efeqti aqvs aseT qveyanasTan

uvizo mimosvlis arsebobas, rac aseve mtkicdeba saqarTve-

lo-TurqeTis magaliTze.

TurqeTis SemTxvevaSi aseve moqmedebs Tezisi, rom mimReb

saxelmwifosTan kargad Camoyalibebuli migrantTa kav-

Sirebi aseve zrdis trefikingis msxverplTa raodenobas.

_ saxelmwifos politikuri neba da danaSaulobis

winaaRmdeg brZolaSi miRebuli Sedegebi _ saqarTveloSi

bolo wlebSi gaCaRda aqtiuri brZola kanonieri qurde-

bis da organizebul dajgufebebis winaaRmdeg, gamocxad-

da damnaSaveTa mimarT nulovani tolerantobis politi-

ka, ramac gamoiwvia msjavrdebul pirTa raodenobis zrda,

Tu 2001 wels sapatimroebSi imyofeboda 7618 msjavrdebu-

li, 2009 wlisTvis maTi raodenoba 21075-mde gaizarda.

aRsaniSnavia qal patimarTa raodenoba, romelic igive

periodSi 227-dan 967-mde gaizarda, xolo arasrulwlo-

vanTa – 35-dan 260-mde. magram gansxvavebiT sxva kategori-

ebisa, sadac ricxovneba ganuxrelad izrdeba an praqtiku-

lad erT donezea, arasrulwlovnebSi aseTi piki iyo 2007

wels, rodesac sapatimroebSi 349 arasrulwlovani pati-

mari iricxeboda da mas Semdeg SeiniSneba Semcirebis ten-

dencia.[75]

xolo, amave periodSi registrirebul danaSaulTa

raodenoba gaizarda TiTqmis samjer da Tu 2001 wels

15 662 erTeuli danaSauli iqna oficialurad registr-

irebuli, 2009 wlisTvis es ricxvi ukve 35 949-mde gaizar-

da. aRsaniSnavia, rom registrirebul danaSaulTa piki

modis 2006 welze, rodesac 62 283 danaSauli iqna regist-

rirebuli.

saqarTveloSi registrirebul danaSaulTa ricxvi tal-

Riseburad gamoiyureba. erTi SexedviT, vinc saqarTvelos

maSindel realobas ar icnobs, SeiZleba ifiqros, rom

2003 - 2006 wlebSi saqarTveloSi adgili hqonda krimino-

genul regress, rac ase namdvilad ar aris. yvelaferi

Zalzed martivad asaxsnelia, ubralod 2003 wlamde saxel-

mwifo struqturebSi gamefebuli iyo korufcia da Sesa-

bamisad ar xdeboda realurad momxdari danaSaulobebis

aRricxva. axali mTavrobis xelisuflebaSi mosvlasTan

erTad qveyanaSi yvelaferTan erTad moxda aRricxviano-

bis gaumjobeseba, rac, Cveni azriT, ufro advili saqmea,

vidre danaSaulobasTan brZola, Sesabamisad aRricxvi-

anobis gaumjobeseba swrafad aisaxa statistikaze. xolo

2006 wlidan ukve gamoCnda qveyanaSi gatarebuli reforme-

bis dadebiTi Sedegebi, rasac moyva realurad danaSau-

lobis Semcireba, rac ZiriTadad mZime danaSaulze aisaxa.

sxva mizezebTan erTad, gamovlenil danaSaulobaTa

aseTi dinamika nawilobriv ganpirobebebuli iyo, saqarTve-

los sisxlis sammarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi Setanili

cvlilebebiT, romlebic ZalaSi Sevida 2005 wlis maisidan

da romlebic iTvaliswinebs mokvlevis organoebis gauqme-

bas da winaswari gamoZiebis dawyebas danaSaulis Cadenis

momentidan.

cifrebi cxadyofs Cveni xelisuflebis nebas awarmoos

Seurigebeli brZola damnaSaveTa samyaros mimarT, rac

TavisTavad adamianTa trefikingTanac brZolas gulisx-

mobs da mas aclis erT-erT mTavar dasayrdens, organize-

buli danaSaulebrivi qselebis saxiT. magram mainc rCeba

adgili spontanurad da arasistematiurad momuSave msx-

134 135

verplTa rekrutirebiT dakavebul pirebisTvis, radgan isev

didia qveynis datovebis msurvelTa nakadi.

saqarTvelos moqalaqeTaTvis trefikingis mxriv mTa-

vari riski aris is, rom rekrutirebuli gaxdes ara sa-

qarTvelos farglebSi, aramed ukve sazRvris gadalaxvis

Semdeg, ucxo saxelmwifoSi, radgan maT ar aqvT iq lega-

lurad Sromis SesaZlebloba.

_ mosaxleobis ganaTlebis done _ saqarTveloSi

umaRles ganaTlebas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. umaRles

saswavleblebSi 2008-2009 saswavlo wels iricxeboda 100

000-mde studenti axalgazrda, rac Cveni qveynis mosaxle-

obis raodenobis (4.4milioni) gaTvaliswinebiT sakmaod

mniSvnelovani cifria.[75]

roca ganaTlebaze vsaubrobT, iZulebuli varT moviS-

velioT am naSromis farglebSi Catarebuli sociologiuri

kvlevis Sedegebi, saidanac Cans, rom mosaxleobis didma

nawilma adamianTa trefikingis swori identifikacia ver

moaxdina.

_ Tanamedrove teqnologiebi _ rac Seexeba saqarTveloSi

Tanamedrove teqnologiebis danergvas da maT rols tre-

fikingis danaSaulTan mimarTebaSi, unda iTqvas, rom te-

qnologiebma sagrZnoblad gaaioles aRniSnuli tipis

danaSaulis Cadena.

Tanamedrove komunikaciebis da transportirebis saSu-

alebebma aRmofxvra sirTuleebi saqarTvelodan msoflio

dedaqalaqebSi moxvedris gzebze, Tbilisis aeroportidan

yovelkvireulad SesaZlebelia pirdapir, gadajdomebis

gareSe, msoflios 30-mde didi qalaqSi moxvedra, amerikis

SeerTebul StatebSi Tbilisidan 16 saaTSi moxvdebi, rac

90-ian wlebSi warmoudgeneli iyo.

saqarTvelo warmosdga rogorc msoflioSi erT-erTi

mowinave qveyana mobiluri teqnologiebis danergvaSi. aseve

saqarTveloSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli internet teqnol-

ogiebi, maT Soris internet maRaziebi da eleqtronuli

vaWrobac, rac aralegaluri produqciis da momsaxureo-

bis dausjelad realizaciis saSualebas iZleva.

aseve bolo wlebSi Cven qveyanaSi sagrZnoblad gaumjo-

besda satransporto qselis SesaZleblobebi, aRmoifxvra

gzebze arsebuli ganukiTxaoba da warmoudgenlad gamos-

worda sagzao infrastruqtura. dRes SesaZlebelia

saqarTvelos erTi bolodan meoreSi ise mgzavroba, rom

ar Segxvdes gzaze araviTari dabrkoleba, gzaze mdgari

Casafrebuli policielis Tu ugzoobis saxiT, rac ra-

modenime wlis win warmoudgeneli iyo da SeiZleba vinmem

adamianTa trefikingisTvis xelSemwyob faqtoradac

dagvisaxelos, radgan msxverplTa farulad da swrafad

gadayvana ufro gamartivebulia.

aseve gaumjobesebulia sxva satransporto saSuale-

bebiT momsaxurebac, maT Soris aRsaniSnavia foTis da

baTumis sazRvao kavSirebi msoflios did saporto

qalaqebTan.

_ Tanamedrove teqnologiebi da samedicino sferos

miRwevebi _ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelo mudam cno-

bili iyo rogorc jandacvis sferos ganviTarebis mxriv

dawinaurebuli saxelmwifo. mxolod sabWoTa kavSiris

daSlis Semdeg moxda am sferos regresi, magram bolo

ramodenime welia midis sferos reabilitaciis procesi.

saqarTveloSi isev mogvepoveba kvalificiuri samedicino

personali da isev tardeba mniSvnelovani operaciebi, maT

Soris organoTa gadanergvis. ase rom, samedicino bazis,

rogorc ganaTlebis ise teqnologiebis mxriv ase Tu ise

kargi miRwevebiT saqarTvelo SeiZleba CaiTvalos risk

jgufSi adamianTa trefikingis am mimarTulebis SesaZlo

gavrcelebis mxriv.

136 137

daskvnisTvis SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adamianTa trefikin-

gis umTavresi mizezi saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis didi

nawilis mZime socialuri da materialuri mdgomareobaa,

rac ubiZgebT maT eZion samuSao nebismieri pirobebiT.

xSirad umuSevroba moqalaqeebs viTarebis logikuri gan-

sjis unars uqveiTebs da abedinebs, SesaZlo da mosalod-

neli safrTxeebis miuxedavad, riskze wasvlas. SesaZlo

xifaTis arsebobis Sesaxeb xSir SemTxvevaSi msxverplT

ganWvretisTvis sakmao informacia da codna gaaCniaT da

ZaluZT Tavidan aicilon es mosalodneli damRupveli

Sedegebi.

zemoTxsenebuli debuleba dadasturda am naSromTan

dakavSirebiT Catarebul sazogadoebis azris kvleviT,

sadac kiTxvaze Tu ra aris trefikingis gamomwvevi mizezi,

gamokiTxulTa umravlesobam upasuxa – SesaZlo msxverp-

lis mZime socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba.

rac Seexeba damnaSaveTa samyarosTvis am tipis dana-

Saulis Cadenis ZiriTad motivs, amad gvevlineba materi-

aluri mogebis miRebis SesaZlebloba. Tan, rogorc cno-

bilia, es biznesi msoflio masStabiT mesame adgilzea

iaraRis da narkotikebis ukanono biznesis Semdeg. aqve

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Tu narkotiki erTjeradi gamoy-

enebis produqtia, trefikingis msxverpli, adamiani, Sei-

Zleba mravali Tveebis da wlebis manZilze gaxado Semo-

savlis wyarod. xolo momsaxureobis saxeobebi, romelic

SeiZleba man gaswios, Zalze mravalferovania, dawyebuli

seqsualuri eqspluataciidan damTavrebuli samxedro

konfliqtebSi monawileobiT.

da bolos, SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis periodisgan gan-

sxvavebiT saqarTveloSi dRes-dReisobiT aRmofxvrilia

adamianTa trefikingis gamomwvevi da xelSemwyobi mrava-

li piroba, gaumjobesebulia ekonomikuri viTareba, gamka-

crebulia sabaJo kontroli, gaZnelebulia dokumentebis

gayalbeba, gaumjobesebulia samarTaldamcavi organoeb-

is saqmianoba, gazrdilia dasaqmebulTa raodenoba da

dasaqmebulTa xelfasebi, Semcirebulia miusafar bavSvTa

raodenoba, aRmofxvrilia didi danaSaulebrivi dajgu-

febebis parpaSi, gazrdilia mosaxleobis ganaTlebis done

da informirebuloba trefikingis Sesaxeb, aRmofxvrilia

arakontrolirebadi da daumorCilebeli regionebis prob-

lemac (Tu ar CavTvliT okupaciis zonebs).

mokled, xelisufleba akeTebs, Cveni azriT, SesaZle-

blobis maqsimums, raTa aRar iyos saqarTveloSi trefik-

ingis msxverplTa rekrutirebis SesaZlebloba. am mosazrebas

ar eTanxmeba wina TavSi mocemul sociologiur kvlevaSi

monawile respodentebis umravlesoba, albaT maT aqvT

Sesabamisi daskvnis gakeTebis SesaZlebloba, radgan qve-

yanaSi isev farTodaa gavrcelebuli prostitucia, razec

Sesabamisi reagireba ar xdeba da yvelam icis, sad SeiZle-

ba msgavsi momsaxurebis miReba, razec samarTaldamcavi

organoebi ar akeTeben saTanado reagirebas. aseve mosagvare-

belia quCis maTxovrobis da mawanwalebis problema, rad-

gan am saqmianobas akontroleben Sesabamisi saqmianobiT

dakavebuli aralegaluri organizaciebi Tu pirebi, visac

aqvT dayofili qalaqi kontrolis zonebad da Sesabamis

samaTxovro adgilebs anawileben quCis mawanwalebze,

visTvisac es saqmianoba SeiZleba sulac ar iyos gadarCe-

nisTvis aucilebeli erTaderTi sasicocxlo wyaro.

$3. prostitucia, rogorc adamianiT vaWrobis -

trefikingis mizezi

Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi prostitucia warmoadgens

erT-erT gadauWrel problemas, kerZod danaSaulebrivi

138 139

saqminobis es mimarTuleba gamoirCeva saxelmwifos mxri-

dan xelmiSvebulobiT da mxolod gamonaklis - iSviaT

SemTxvevebSi xdeba samarTaldamcavebis mxridan mis

winaaRmdeg raime saxis qmediTi RonisZiebis gatareba.

prostituciis winaaRmdeg saqarTveloSi gatarebuli

bolodroindeli RonisZiebebi ZiriTadad sxva mZime da-

naSaulis gamoZiebis procesSi wamoWril aucileblobis

gamo ufro gatarda, rogorc es moxda gldanSi cnobili

`roenas~ saroskipos daxurvis dros, rac iq momxdari

adamianis gauCinarebis faqtis gamo dadga dRis wesrigSi

saroskipos daxurva, vidre raime gegmazomieri - dageg-

mili da gaazrebuli kampaniis msvlelobidan gamomdinare.

prostituciaSi Cabmul damnaSaveTa dasja moqmedi kanon-

mdeblobiT mxolod sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 254-e

muxliT Tua SesaZlebeli, rac prostituciisTvis adgi-

lis an sacxovreblis gadacemisTvis dasjas gulisxmobs.[76]

saqarTveloSi prostituciis gavrceleba - popularizaci-

is ZiriTad xelSemwyob pirobad, gansakuTrebiT axalgaz-

rdebSi, Tanamedrove teqnologiebi warmoCinda. internetis

saSualebiT martivi gavrcelebis gzebi gaCnda porno-pro-

duqciisTvis, dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi yovelgvari gada-

saxadebis gareSe ioli xelmisawvdomia Sesabamisi foto

Tu video produqcia, rac interess aRuZravs dauojaxebel

pirebs, raTa realuradac miiRon Sesabamisi momsaxureoba.

aseve internetis meSveobiT, specializirebuli `Catebis~

gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia anonimuri kavSiris damyareba

nebismieri mimarTulebis seqs momsaxureobis gamwev pirebTan,

rac maT uadvilebT am sferoSi `moRvaweobas~.

pornografiuli produqciis gavrceleba msoflio masS-

tabiT metad sarfian biznesad iqca, gansakuTrebiT gavr-

celda iseT negatiur produqciaze moTxovna, rogoricaa

bavSvTa pornografia, magaliTad germaniaSi bavSvTa por-

nografiis momxmarebelTa ricxvi Sefasebulia 30 000-dan

40 000 pirovnebamde, xolo yovelwliuri Semosavali sava-

raudod 250 milion dolars aRwevs. msoflio masStabiT

bavSvTa pornografiis yvelaze did bazrad miCneulia

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, sadac bavSvTa pornografi-

is gayidvebis yovelwliuri moculoba 6 miliard dola-

rs aWarbebs – mxolod los-anjelesis teritoriaze por-

nografiaSi eqspluatirdeba 30 000 bavSvze meti.[51, 147-157]

aqve aRsaniSnavia internet teqnologiebis ganviTareb-

is damokidebuleba seqsindustriisadmi. aRniSnuli bizne-

sis warmomadgenlebi Sedian internet teqnologiebis uax-

loesi miRwevebis momxmarebelTa xuTeulSi, isini warmos-

dgnen rogorc internetis gavrcelebis da evoluciis

mTavari mamoZravebeli elementebi: `Tu gadawyda da erT

dRes aikrZala internetiT seqsis Semcveli produqciiT

manipulireba, unda vivaraudoT, rom interneti daubrun-

deba warsuls – rodesac igi mxolod mecnierTa Soris

eleqtronuli werilebis gacvlis saSualebas warmoad-

genda~.[54]

prostitucia warmoCinda, rogorc farTod gavrcele-

buli da moTxovnadi momsaxureba saqarTveloSic, rac

ganpirobebulia ZiriTadad ekonomiuri gaWirvebiT, romelic

susti nebisyofis qalbatonebs uqmnis cdunebas Caebas am

maRalanazRaurebad saqmianobaSi da aseve tradiciebiT –

ufro konkretulad ki qaliSvilobis institutiT. qarTu-

li kulturuli normebis mixedviT, seqsi qorwinebamde

amoraluri aqtia da igi qalze negatiur zegavlenas axdens.

`qaliSvilobis tradicia~ aq jer kidev batonobs,[57, 125-

170] romelic ubiZgebs axalgazrda mamakacebs gamoiyenon

saroskipoebis da calke momuSave prostitutebis momsa-

xureoba, aRniSnul mosazrebas amtkicebs Catarebuli

kvlevebi, sadac reproduqtiuli asakis (16 – 45 weli) 2000

140 141

respodenti mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenlidan mxolod

1.3%-ma ganacxada, rom hqonda seqsualuri kavSiri gaTxo-

vebamde, xolo 2000-ze meti respodenti gauTxovari qali-

dan, mxolod 12-ma Tqva, rom seqsualuri gamocdileba

hqonia, maSin roca gamokiTxul mamakacTa absoluturma

umravlesobam ganacxada, rom seqsualuri cxovreba qorwi-

nebamdec aqvs.[57, 127-170] rac logikurad miuTiTebs maTi

mxridan seqs industriis momsaxureobis gamoyenebis faqtze.

prostitucia warmoadgens veneriuli sneulebebis gavr-

celebis erT-erT mTavar wyaros narkomaniasTan erTad,

radgan misi aralegalurobidan gamomdinare ar xdeba iq

sanitarul_higienuri normebis dacva-kontroli.[22] rac

gansakuTrebiT negatiur mxares warmoadgens Tu gaviTval-

iswinebT axalgazrda Taobis maRal dainteresebas am mom-

saxureobis miRebiT, rac maT seqsualur gaunaTleblo-

basTan erTad daavadebis gavrcelebis maRal risks qmnis.

saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monace-

mebis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobis sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi

daavadebebiT, pirvelad dadgenili diagnoziT gamovle-

nil avadmyofTa raodenobas, wlebis mixedviT gaaCnia Sem-

degi raodenobrivi saxe:

aTaSangiT daavadebulTa ricxvi 2000-2003 wlebSi 900-

dan 1450 erTeulamde meryeobda, 2004 wlidan es maCvenebe-

li 681 erTeulidan ganuxrelad mcirdeba da 2008 wl-

isTvis yvelaze dabali maCveneblamde - 346 pacientamde

Semcirda.

rac Seexeba gonoreiT daavadebulTa gamovlenil

maCvenebels, mas talRiseburi saxe gaaCnia: 2000 wels gam-

ovlinda 591 daavadebuli, 2001 wels – 970, 2002 – 1614, 2003

– 832, 2004 – 935, 2005 – 1202, 2006 – 1235, 2007 – 720, 2008 _ 684.

sainteresoa, ra axsnas upovian medicinis muSakebi am

metad saintereso statistikas, cifrebis mkveTr gansxva-

vebas. faqtia, rom TiTeuli daavadebuli riskis qveS aye-

nebs mis garSemo myofT da Tu es statistika realobis

amsaxvelia, maSin misasalmebelia bolo wlebis daavadebu-

lTa raodenobis Semcirebis mkveTri dinamika.

rac Seexeba iseT momakvdinebeli daavadebis gavrcelebis

maCveneblebs, rogorsac aiv-iT inficireba da Sidsi war-

moadgens, monacemebs aqvT Semdegi saxe:

2000 wlis bolosTvis registrirebuli iyo 186 daava-

debuli, maT Soris axal SemTxvevas warmoadgenda 79 er-

Teuli, amave wels gardaicvala 28 daavadebuli;

2001 wlis bolosTvis registrirebuli iyo ukve 280

daavadebuli, maT Soris axal SemTxvevas warmoadgenda 93

erTeuli, amave wels gardaicvala 43 piri;

2002 wlis bolosTvis gamovlenili iyo 375 daavadebu-

li, maT Soris axal SemTxvevas warmoadgenda 95 erTeuli,

amave wels gardaicvala 54 daavadebuli;

2003 wlis bolosTvis registrirebuli iyo 475 daa-

vadebuli, maT Soris axal SemTxvevas warmoadgenda 100

erTeuli, amave wels gardaicvala 75 daavadebuli;













142 143

2008 wlis bolosTvis registrirebuli iyo ukve 1851

daavadebuli, maT Soris axal SemTxvevas warmoadgenda

351 erTeuli, amave wels gardaicvala 433 daavadebuli;

rogorc xedavT, statistika da Sesabamisad realoba

Zalzed SemaSfoTebelia, am daavadebiT inficirebis

registrirebuli SemTxvevebi 9 wlis ganmavlobaSi 5-jer

gaizarda, inficirebul pirovnebaTa ricxvi _ 10-jer, wlis

manZilze gardacvlil pirTa ricxvi _ 12–jer da 2008

wlisTvis am daavadebiT gardacvlilTa raodenobam ga-

daaWarba axlad gamovlenil daavadebulTa ricxvs. rogorc

xedavT yvela monacemebSi aris ganuxreli da mniSvnelovani

zrdis tendencia, rac SemaSfoTebelia.

rac Seexeba uSualod prostitutebSi am daavadebaTa

gavrcelebas, msgavsi tipis kvleva Catarda amerikis Seer-

Tebul StatebSi. gamovlinda, rom quCis prostitutebSi

daavadebaTa gavrceleba ramdenadme metia sxva tipis pros-

titutebTan SedarebiT. kaliforniis berklis universi-

tetis mier ganxorcielebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom nevadis

Statis (erTaderTi Stati amerikaSi sadac prostitucia

legaluria) prostitutebs Soris, im nawilSi, vinc bor-

delebSi muSaobs, arcerTi aiv-SidsiT inficirebuli piri

ar aRmoCnda, maSin, roca quCis prostitutebSi 6 pro-

cents aRmoaCnda es momakvdinebeli daavadeba. xolo niu

iorkSi, vaSingtonSi da niuarkSi Catarebuli kvleviT

aRmoCnda rom iq momuSave prostitutebis Sesabamisad 35,

50 da 57 procenti inficirebuli iyo.[35, 21]

prostitucia aseve iwvevs adamianSi moraluri faseu-

lobebis rRvevas, mis gariyvas ojaxidan da sazogadoe-

bidan, rac SemdgomSi sxva mZime danaSaulobebis mizezi

xdeba.

araoficialuri monacemebis mixedviT TbilisSi da

saqarTvelos sxva did qalaqebSi komerciul seqs-muSakTa

ramdenime kategoria arsebobs da Sesabamisad maTi momsaxu-

reobis fasebic gansxvavebulia.

1. umdables kategorias e.w. `quCis komerciuli seqs-

muSakebi~ warmoadgenen, romlebic ZiriTadad centralur

quCebze, rkinigzis sadgurebsa, satranzito gzebze da sxva

farTod gavrcelebul adgilebze muSaoben; maTi fasebi

meryeobs 30-dan 70-laramde saaTSi, momsaxureobis saxee-

bidan gamomdinare;

2. `saSualo~ kategorias warmoadgenen sastumroebSi,

saunebSi, abanoebSi da sxva dawesebulebebSi momuSave

komerciuli seqs-muSakebi, romelTa anazRaureba saaTSi

100 – 150 lars Seadgens;

3. ùmaRles~ kategorias gamoZaxebiT momuSave èli-

tarul~ komerciul seqs-muSakebs uwodeben, romelTa mom-

saxureobac 100 dolaridan iwyeba da rig SemTxvevebSi

SeiZleba saaTSi 300 dolarsac gadaaWarbos;

saqarTveloSi komerciuli seqs-muSakebis umetesoba

(87.3%) acxadebs, rom am saqmianobas finansuri gaWirvebis

gamo eweva. maTi umravlesobisaTvis, es samuSao sakuTari

Tavisa da ojaxebis Sesanaxad saWiro Semosavlis erTad-

erTi wyaroa. arsebobs ramdenime SemTxvevac, rodesac

gaTxovili qalebi arc Tu ise gaWirvebuli ojaxidan,

meuRleebs gamoeqcnen da quCasa Tu saunaSi komerciuli

seqs-muSakebi gaxdnen. rodesac maT ekiTxebian: `ra xelfa-

si unda gqondeT, am saqmianobas Tavi rom daaneboT~, isini

sakuTar yovelTviur Semosavalze bevrad ufro did Tanxas

asaxeleben. fsiqologebis azriT, miuxedavad imisa, rom

maT quCisaken siduxWire ubiZgebs, prostituciiT dakaveb-

is axsna, ZiriTadad, personaluri problemebiT SeiZleba.

komerciuli seqs-muSakebis umravlesoba (236 (90.75%))

Tvlis, rom droebiTaa am saqmianobaSi CarTuli da garkveu-

li Tanxis mogrovebisTanave mas Tavs daanebebs (an sxva

144 145

samsaxurs iSovis). 17.3 procenti (19 mandilosani) Tvlis,

rom mxolod droebiT (mcire xniT) aris am saqmianobiT

dakavebuli.[77]

quCasa da bar/saunebSi momuSave komerciuli seqs-muSakebi

Cveulebriv, Raribi ojaxebidan arian da maT xSirad sam

sulze meti adamianis Senaxva uxdebaT. arsebuli stigmis

gamo komerciuli seqsmuSakebi mSobliur qalaqebsa da

raionebSi ar muSaoben da saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi

miemgzavrebian. axalgazrda komerciuli seqs-muSaki, vinc

garkveuli Tanxis dazogva SesZlo, qveyanas tovebs da

sazRvargareT miemgzavreba. mravali maTgani TurqeTSi

midis, zogi evropaSi `muSaobs~.[26, 89] sadac xdeba am ori

negatiuri movlenis - prostituciis da adamianTa trefi-

kingis gadakveTa. radgan, umetes SemTxvevaSi, es pirebi

ucxoeTSi seqs industriaSi CabmisaTvis mimarTaven sxva-

dasxva danaSaulebriv organizaciebs, romlebic xSir

SemTxvevaSi, iyeneben ra am prostitutebis uuflebo mdgo-

mareobas, axdenen maT viqtimizacias. ase xdeba nebayof-

lobiT prostituciaSi Cabmul pirTa adamianiT vaWroba –

trefikingis msxverplad gadaqceva.

imis garkveva Tu ra xarisxiTaa warmodgenili prosti-

tuciaSi Cabmul pirTa Soris trefikingis msxverplTa

raodenoba, Zalzed rTuli da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom war-

moudgeneli amocanaa, radgan es orive danaSauloba –

prostitucia da adamianiT vaWroba trefikingi – gamoirCe-

vian maRali latenturobiT.

prostituciaSi Cabmul pirebs ar uyvarT da SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom aRizianebT, rodesac maT usvamen kiTxvebs da

Sesabamisad Tavs arideben maTze pasuxis gacemas. zogier-

Ti maTgani socialuri sferos muSakebs, Jurnalistebs,

mecnierebs, mokled yvela im adamians, vinc cdilobs maTi

saqmianobis Sesaxeb informacia moipovos, an kvleva awar-

moos, Tavs aridebs da maTi saqmianobis sul mcire miniS-

nebazec ki agresiiT pasuxobs.[26, 88]

aseve SeuZlebelia dazustebiT imis garkveva Tu riT arian

dakavebuli sazRvargareT aralegalurad momuSave pirebi,

miTumetes Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom trefikingis msxver-

plT ara aqvT saSualeba kontaqti iqonion garesamyarosTan.

aseve komerciuli seqs muSakebic malaven TavianTi saqmi-

anobis sferos, radgan amis gamJRavneba maTi ojaxidan da

sazogadoebidan gariyvis tolfasi xdeba. amave mizeziT

is pirebic ki, vinc SeZlo da Tavi daaRwia trefikings,

cdiloben damalon warsuli seqsualuri eqsploataciis

arsebobis faqti.

miuxedavad maRali latenturobisa, savaraudoa, rom

prostitucia warmoadgens adamianiT vaWroba _ trefik-

ingis upirveles mamoZravebel Zalas da pirTa eqsploat-

aciis sferos, prostitutebis momsaxureobis bazarze maRa-

li moTxovnidan, maRali anazRaurebidan, da biznesis

aralegalurobidan gamomdinare.

saqarTvelosTvis ukanono prostituciasTan brZoli-

saTvis, rac Tavis mxriv dadebiT efeqts iqoniebs adami-

anis trefikingis Semcirebis mimarTebiTac, warmoadgens

am movlenis samarTlebriv CarCoebSi moqceva – legal-

izacia, radgan, rogorc aRvniSneT, prostituciis arale-

galuroba qmnis am kontaqtur sferoSi sanitarul _

higienuri normebis daucvelobas da warmoadgens veneri-

ul sneulebaTa gavrcelebis budes. am biznesis aralega-

luroba aseve iwvevs momsaxure personalis – komerciul

seqs muSakebis - uuflebo mdgomareobas, maT aRuricxa-

obas da albaT aralegalurobidan gamomdinare saxelm-

wifo biujetic kargavs mniSvnelovan saxsrebs, romelic

sazogadoebis winsvlis magivrad danaSaulebriv samyaros

gaZlierebas xmardeba.

146 147

prostituciis legalizacias saqarTvelos realobaSi

aferxebs ramodenime metad mniSvnelovani garemoeba, maT

Soris upirvelesia saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mokrZale-

buli damokidebuleba qarTuli marTlmadidebluri samo-

ciqulo eklesiis mimarT, romelsac safuZvlianad gaaCnia

maRali xarisxis mxardaWera da pativiscema qarTuli sa-

zogadoebis mxridan.

sapatriarqo, rogorc cnobilia, mxars ver dauWers

prostituciis legalizaciis ideas marTmadidebluri

dogmatikidan gamomdinare, ase rom am saqmianobis lega-

lizacia gamoiwvevs sasuliero moRvaweTa mxridan faq-

tis dagmobas, rac Tavismxriv negatiurad imoqmedebs aseT

gadawyvetilebis mimReb xelisuflebis reitingze sazoga-

doebaSi, aqedan gamomdinare, ar xdeba am procesis daZvra.

aseve sazogadoebaSi arsebobs eWvebi, rom Tavad es bi-

znesi kontroldeba arsebuli xelisuflebis warmomad-

genelTa mier, romelTa interesSic ar Sedis prostituciis

ekonomikis legalur sferoSi gadayvana da Sesabamisad

maTi saqmianobis dabegvra. am mosazrebas safuZvels uqm-

nis saxelmwifos mxridan gatarebuli aRmkveTi RonisZie-

bebis simcire im pirobebSi, roca nebismierma dainterese-

bulma pirma, maT Soris samarTaldamcavebmac, kargad ician

Tu sad mdebareoben aseTi dawesebulebebi.

mosaxleobis erTi nawilis azriT saWiroa prostituciis

ara legalizacia, aramed mkacri dasja-aRkveTa, rac, Sei-

Zleba iTqvas, rom warmatebiT xorcieldeboda sabWoTa

totalitaluri mmarTvelobis dros, rodesac saxelmwi-

fos Seswevda Zala gaekontrolebina yvela da yvelaferi,

Tan im periodSi teqnologiebi ar iyo ganviTarebuli ise,

rogorc es dResaa, ar arsebobda interneti, cifruli

videoaparatura, mobiluri kavSirgabmuloba da sxva mrava-

li teqnologia, rac im droisTvis erTiorad aiolebda

kontrolis process. xolo dResdReisobiT, rogorc vxe-

davT, msoflios mowinave saxelmwifoSic ki yvelaze far-

Todaa gavrcelebuli rogorc adamianTa trefikingi ise

prostitucia-pornografia, Tanac im pirobebSi, roca es

saxelmwifo (amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi) amavdroulad

warmosdgeba rogorc am danaSaulobebis winaaRmdeg me-

brZoli lideri qveyana.

148 149

Tavi IV _ adamianiT vaWroba - trefikingi

da saxelmwifo politika.

$1. adamianiT vaWrobasTan – trefikingTan brZolis

saerTaSoriso standartebi.

konkretulad adamianiT vaWroba - trefikingTan brZolis

saerTaSoriso standartebis SemuSaveba aqtiurad mxolod

1990 wlebis bolos daiwyo, magram miuxedavad am mcire

vadisa, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saerTaSoriso sazogadoebam

myisierad SesZlo Camoeyalibebina mniSvnelovani samarTle-

brivi baza, raTa qveynebs moexdinaT trefikingTan brZolis

urTierT koordinacia da saerTo standartebis danergva.

saerTaSoriso maStabiT moqmed trefikingTan brZolis

standartebis ZiriTad wyaroebad gvevlineba gaerTianeb-

uli erebis organizaciis, evrosabWos da amerikis SeerTe-

bul Statebis mier miRebuli dokumentebi.

a) gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis standartebi

mTavar saerTaSoriso dokuments, romelic exeba adami-

anTa trefikingis problemas da ayalibebs saerTaSoriso

standartebis baziss, warmoadgens `transnacionaluri

organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvencia~

miRebuli 2000 wlis 15 noembers da am konvenciis damate-

biTi oqmi – ̀ adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavS-

vebis trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis

Sesaxeb~, miRebuli 2000 wlis 12 dekembers.

aRniSnuli konvenciis pirvelive muxlSi weria, rom

misi mizania, xeli Seuwyos saxelmwifoTa TanamSromlo-

bas transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis ufro

efeqtiani Tavidan acilebisa da mis winaaRmdeg brZolis

saqmeSi. konvenciaSi aseve mocemulia rom misi mizania -

aRikveTos, gamoZiebul iqnes da sisxlis samarTlebriv

devnas daeqvemdebaros transnacionaluri xasiaTis mqone

Semdegi qmedebebi:

1) damnaSaveTa organizebul jgufSi monawileoba;

2) danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis gaTe-

Treba;

3) korufcia;

4) marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisTvis xelis SeSla;

5) mZime danaSaulebebi, Tu es danaSauli atarebs tran-

snacionalur xasiaTs da Cadenilia damnaSaveTa organi-

zebuli jgufis monawileobiT.[114]

rogorc vxedavT, swored am mexuTe muxlis CarCoebSi

jdeba adamianTa trefikingis danaSauli da Sesabamisad

konvencia aregulirebs mis winaaRmdeg msoflio Taname-

gobrobis brZolis koordinaciis sakiTxebs.

kerZod, CamoTvlil qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT, konven-

cia saxelmwifoebs uqmnis CarCoebs – miuTiTebs Tu konkre-

tulad ra qmedebebi unda isjebodes saxelmwifoTa sis-

xlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT. konvencia aseve saxelm-

wifoebs aZlevs rekomendaciebs iseT sakiTxebze, rogori-

caa danaSaulebrivad mopovebuli qonebis konfiskacia da

yadaRa; iuridiul pirTa pasuxismgebloba; sisxlissamarT-

lebrivi devna, sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba da sanqciebi;

iurisdiqcia konvenciiT mocul danaSaulobebze; samarT-

lebrivi urTierTdaxmareba qveynebs Soris; TanamSromlo-

ba samarTaldamcav organoebs Soris; damnaSaveTa eqstradi-

cia da sisxlis samarTlis procesualuri sakiTxebi.

konvencia avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs, rom Sida saxel-

mwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobiT mkacrad dasjadi iyos yve-

la is danaSauli, razec konvenciaSi aris saubari.

konvencia uSualod ar exeba trefikings, magram war-

moadgens farTo masStabis dokuments, sadac warmodge-

150 151

nilia Tu ra standartebi unda danergon da daicvan sax-

elmwifoebma, rogorc Sida saxelmwifoebrivad ise saerTa-

Soriso TanamSromlobis mxriv, raTa moxdes aRniSnuli

tipis transnacionaluri danaSaulis winaaRmdeg efeqturi

brZola da misi prevencia. es standartebia:

pirvel rigSi konvencia gansazRvravs standarts Tu ra

SemTxvevaSi miiCneva danaSauli transnacionalurad: muxli

3, paragrafi 2. - danaSauli atarebs transnacionalur

xasiaTs, Tu igi:

1. Cadenilia erTze met saxelmwifoSi;

2. Cadenilia erT saxelmwifoSi, magram misi momza-

debis, dagegmvis, xelmZRvanelobis an kontrolis arsebi-

Ti nawili xorcieldeba sxva saxelmwifoSi;

3. Cadenilia erT saxelmwifoSi, magram damnaSaveTa

organizebuli jgufis monawileobiT, romelic danaSau-

lebriv saqmianobas eweva erTze met saxelmwifoSi; an

4. Cadenilia erT saxelmwifoSi, magram misi arsebiTi

Sedegebi vlindeba meore saxelmwifoSi.

konvencia avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs pativi scen

erTmaneTis suverenitets. konvencia miuTiTebs, rom miuxe-

davad danaSaulis transnacionalurobisa, saxelmwifoe-

bs ekrZalebaT erTmaneTis Sida saqmeebSi Careva: muxli 4.

1. monawile saxelmwifoebma unda Seasrulon konvenci-

iT nakisri valdebulebebi saxelmwifoTa suverenuli Ta-

nasworobis, teritoriuli mTlianobisa da sxva saxelmwi-

foTa saSinao saqmeebSi Caurevlobis principebis dacviT.

2. am konvenciaSi araferi ar aniWebs monawile saxelmwi-

fos uflebas, ganaxorcielos sxva saxelmwifos terito-

riaze Tavisi iurisdiqcia da funqciebi, romlebic

ganekuTvneba mxolod am saxelmwifos organoebis kompe-

tencias am ukanasknelis Sida kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.

konvencia avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs moaxdinon dam-

naSaveTa organizebul jgufSi monawileobis kriminal-

izacia. aq mocemulia standartebi Tu ra unda iqnes am

mimarTulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saxelmwifoebis Sida-

kanonmdeblobiT: muxli 5, paragrafi 1.

TiToeulma monawile saxelmwifom unda miiRos iseTi

sakanonmdeblo an sxva zomebi, romlebic SeiZleba saWiro

gaxdes ganzrax Cadenili Semdegi qmedebebis danaSaulad

gamocxadebisaTvis;

a) qvemoT dasaxelebul qmedebaTagan erT-erTi an orive

danaSaulis Cadenis mcdelobisaTvis miukuTvneblad da

danaSaulebrivi qmedobis faqtobrivi Cadenis miuxedavad;

i) erT an ramdenime pirTan SeTanxmeba mZime danaSa-

ulis Casadenad, pirdapiri an arapirdapiri gziT fin-

ansuri an sxva materialuri sargeblis miRebis mizniT,

da Tu amas iTvaliswinebs Sida kanonmdebloba, aseve igu-

lisxmeba erT-erTi monawilis mier raime qmedebis faqtob-

rivi ganxorcieleba SeTanxmebis realizaciisaTvis, an

damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis monawileoba;

ii) qmedeba Cadenili piris mier, romelic acnobierebs

damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis mizans da saerTo dan-

aSaulebriv saqmianobas, an am jgufis ganzraxvas, Caidi-

nos Sesabamisi danaSaulebi, romelic aqtiur monawile-

obas iRebs:

a. damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis danaSaulebriv

saqmianobaSi;

b. damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis sxva saqmianobaSi

imis gacnobierebiT, rom misi monawileoba xels Seuwyobs

zemoaRniSnuli danaSaulebrivi miznebis miRwevas;

b) damnaSaveTa organizebuli jgufis monawileobiT

Cadenili mZime danaSaulis organizeba, xelmZRvaneloba,

xelSewyoba, waqezeba, daxmareba an rCevis micema.

konvencia miuTiTebs saxelmwifoebs Tu ra unda CaiTva-

los danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebuli Semosavlebis gaTe-

Trebad da Sesabamisad kriminalad: muxli 6, paragrafi 1.

152 153

TiToeulma monawile saxelmwifom Tavisi Sida kanonmde-

blobis ZiriTadi principebis Sesabamisad, unda miiRos

iseTi sakanonmdeblo da sxva zomebi, romlebic SeiZleba

saWiro gaxdes imisaTvis, rom danaSaulad iqnes aRiarebu-

li Semdegi ganzrax Cadenili qmedebebi:

a)(i) winaswari Secnobis danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebu-

li qonebis gardaqmna an gadacema am qonebis ukanono war-

moSobis dafarvis an damalvis mizniT an nebismieri im

pirisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis mizniT, romelic ZiriTadi

samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis monawilea, raTa Tavi aari-

dos sakuTari qmedebis samarTlebriv Sedegebze pasuxis-

mgeblobas.

(ii) winaswari Secnobis danaSaulebrivi gziT miRebu-

li qonebis namdvili xasiaTis, wyaros, adgilis, gankargvis

xerxis, gadaadgilebis, qonebaze uflebis an misi kuTv-

nilebis dafarva an damalva.

b) sakuTari samarTlebrivi sistemis ZiriTadi princi-

pebis dacvis pirobiT:

i) qonebis SeZena, floba an gamoyeneba, imis SecnobiT,

rom misi miRebis momentisaTvis, es qoneba warmoadgens

danaSaulis gziT miRebul qonebas.

ii) am muxlSi dadgenili danaSaulebebis Cadenis mizniT

SekavSireba an SeTanxmebaSi monawileoba, agreTve danaSa-

ulis Cadenis mcdeloba da daxmareba, waqezeba, xelis

Sewyoba da danaSaulis Cadenis Taobaze rCevis micema.

konvenciaSi mocemulia standarti, Tu ra aris koruf-

cia da ramdenad dasjadi unda iyos igi: muxli 8, parag-

rafi 1.

TiToeulma monawile saxelmwifom unda miiRos iseTi

sakanonmdeblo da sxva zomebi, romlebic SeiZleba saWiro

gaxdes ganzrax Cadenili Semdegi qmedebebis danaSaulad

gamocxadebisaTvis.

a) sajaro moxelisaTvis, pirdapir da arapirdapir,

raime aramarTlzomieri upiratesobis dapireba, SeTava-

zeba an miniWeba am moxelis an sxva iuridiuli Tu fiz-

ikuri piris sasargeblod, imisaTvis, rom am moxelem misi

Tanamdebobrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas ganaxorcielos

raime moqmedeba an Tavi Seikavos raime moqmedebis ganxor-

cielebisagan;

b) pirdapir an arapirdapir, raime aramarTlzomieri

upiratesobis miReba an moTxovna sajaro moxelis mier,

piradad am moxelis an sxva iuridiuli Tu fizikuri piris

sasargeblod imisaTvis, rom am moxelem misi Tanamdebo-

brivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas ganaxorcielos raime

moqmedeba an Tavi Seikavos raime moqmedebis ganxorcieleb-

isagan;

konvenciaSi mocemulia moTxovna, standartebi da SemTx-

vevebi Tu ras unda warmoadgendes iurdiuli piris pasux-

ismgebloba: muxli 10

1. TiToeulma monawile saxelmwifom unda miiRos iseTi

zomebi, Tavisi samarTlebrivi principebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

romlebic SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes iuridiuli pirebis

pasuxismgeblobis dasaweseblad im seriozul danaSaule-

bebSi monawileosaTvis, romlebSic CarTulia damnaSaveTa

organizebuli jgufi da am konvenciis me-5, me-6, me-8 da 23-

e muxlebis Sesabamisad aseTad miCneul danaSaulobebSi

monawileobisaTvis.

2. monawile saxelmwifos samarTlebrivi principebis

dacvis pirobiT, iuridiul pirTa pasuxismgebloba Sei-

Zleba iyos sisxlissamarTlebrivi, samoqalaqo- samarT-

lebrivi an administraciuli.

3. amgvari pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba zians ar unda

ayenebdes danaSaulebaTa Camdeni fizikuri pirebis sisx-

lissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas.

154 155

4. TiToeulma monawile saxelmwifom, am muxlis Sesa-

bamisad pasuxisgebaSi micemul pirTa mimarT unda uzrun-

velyos efeqturi, proporciuli da Semakavebeli zemo-

qmedebis mqone sisxlissamarTlebrivi an arasisxlis

samarTlebrivi sanqciebis, maT Soris, fuladi sanqciebis

gatareba.

es aris mxolod mcire nawili im standartebisa, romelic

mocemulia am konvenciiT da Cven igi warmovadgineT

konvenciis mniSvnelobis demonstraciis mizniT. rogorc

xedavT, aq amomwuravad aris mocemuli konkretuli sakiT-

xebis iuridiuli gadawyveta.

konvenciiT gadawyvetili sakiTxebi mniSvnelovan rols

asruleben adamianiT vaWroba _ trefikingis danaSaulis

winaaRmdeg brZolaSic, radgan rogorc xedavT, konvenci-

iT moculi yvela sakiTxi (korufcia, iuridiuli pirebis

dasjadoba, transnacionaluroba, danaSaulebrivi orga-

nizebuli jgufebi, danaSaulis gziT miRebuli konfiska-

ciaqmnili Semosavlebis an qonebis gankargva, iurisdiq-

cia, samarTlebrivi urTierTdaxmareba da sxva mravali)

mniSvnelovania trefikingis danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZo-

lis kuTxiT.

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis farglebSi miRe-

bul dokumentebidan uSualod adamianTa trefikingTan

brZolis standartebs qmnis zemoTganxiluli `transna-

cionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros

konvenciis~ damatebiTi oqmi – àdamianebis, gansakuTre-

biT qalebisa da bavSvebis trefikingis Tavidan acilebis,

aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb~, romlis miRebis mizani iyo:

1) adamianis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis, tre-

fikingis aRkveTa da mis winaaRmdeg brZola;

2) trefikingis msxverplTa dacva da daxmareba, maTi

uflebebis sruli pativiscemiT;

3) aRniSnuli miznebis misaRwevad monawile saxelmwi-

foTa Soris TanamSromlobis xelSewyoba.

saerTaSoriso standartebis SemuSavebis procesSi aRniS-

nuli oqmis mniSvnelobas xazs usvams is, rom aq pirvelad

iyo moyvanili adamianTa trefikingis saerTaSorisod

aRiarebuli Tanamedrove definicia, romlis mixedvTac

Seiqmna da romlis identuria mraval saxelmwifos, maT

Soris saqarTvelos, sisxlis samarTalis kanonmdeblo-

baSi damkvidrebuli adamianTa trefikingis definicia.

saerTaSoriso standartebis Camoyalibebis mxriv aseve

mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnul damatebiT oqms Semoaqvs

saerTaSoriso standartebi adamianTa trefikingTan brZo-

lisTvis aucilebel mraval relevantur mimarTulebiT,

raTa moxdes trefikingTan brZolis efeqturobis, erTiano-

bis da koordinaciis amaRleba. amgvarad, oqmi avalde-

bulebs saxelmwifoebs:

1) miiRon iseTi sakanonmdeblo da sxva saxis zomebi,

romlebic aucilebelia, raTa sisxlis samarTlis dana-

Saulad gamocxaddes trefikingis tipis danaSaulis Cadena,

rogorc ganzrax, ise misi mcdeloba, Tanamonawileoba da

aseve danaSaulebrivi organizaciis formireba;

2) daicvas trefikingis msxverplTa piradi cxovreba

da vinaoba trefikingTan dakavSirebuli samarTalwarmo-

ebis konfidencialurobis CaTvliT;

3) trefikingis msxverplT Seuqmnan pirobebi, romlebic

xels Seuwyobs trefikingis msxverplTa fizikur, fsi-

qologiur da socialur gamojanmrTelebas, maT usafrTxo-

ebas, kerZod, monawile saxelmwifoebma dazaralebulebi

unda uzrunvelyon:

(a) Sesabamisi sacxovrebeli pirobebiT;

(b) maTTvis gasageb enaze rCeviT da informaciiT, gan-

sakuTrebiT maT samarTlebriv uflebebTan dakavSirebiT;

156 157

(g) samedicino, fsiqologiuri da materialuri dax-

marebiT;

(d) dasaqmebiT, ganaTlebiTa da swavlebiT.

4) gaiTvaliswinon iseTi sakanonmdeblo an sxva saTana-

do zomebis miReba, romlebic Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi tre-

fikingis msxverplT mis teritoriaze droebiT an mudmi-

vad darCenis nebas darTavs;

5) moaxdinon trefikingis msxverplTa usafrTxo da

daubrkolebeli repatriacia yvela saWiro procedurebis

uzrunvelyofiT;

6) SeimuSavon amomwuravi politika, programebi da sxva

RonisZiebebi trefikingis aRkveTisa da masTan brZolis

mizniT, aseve trefikingis msxverplTa, gansakuTrebiT qale-

bisa da bavSvebis, ganmeorebiT msxverplad qcevisagan dacvis

mizniT; amisaTvis uzrunvelyon iseTi RonisZiebebis

gatareba, rogoricaa kvleviTi saqmianoba, sainformacio

da masmediis kampaniebi, socialuri da ekonomikuri inici-

ativebi, saganmanaTleblo, socialuri da kulturuli

RonisZiebebi;

7) saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moaxdinon informaciis gacv-

la da SeimuSaon iseTi xarisxis piradobis damadasture-

beli dokumentebi, romelTa gayalbeba martivi ar iqneba;

8) gaataron sazRvris kontrolis iseTi RonisZiebebi,

romlebic SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes trefikingis aRkveTisa

da gamovlenisaTvis;

9) saxelmwifoebis samarTaldamcavma, saemigracio da

sxva Sesabamisma organoebma iTanamSromlon informaciis

gacvlis gziT.

10) saxelmwifoebma moaxdinos sasazRvro kontrolis

gaZliereba.

aRniSnuli konvencia da oqmi warmoadgens adamianTa

trefikingTan brZolis mTavar, magram ara erTaderT sa-

Sualebas gaeros masStabiT, kerZod gaerom 2000 wels

miiRo `bavSvis uflebebis konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi:

bavSvebiT vaWrobis, bavSvTa prostituciisa da bavSvTa

pornografiis Sesaxeb~, radgan msgavsi qmedebebi gansakuTre-

biT aqtualuri gaxda internet teqnologiebis gavrcele-

basTan erTad.

oqmSi mocemulia zemoTxsenebuli terminebis definicie-

bi, aris mowodeba qveynebisadmi, rom akrZalon da ebrZo-

lon msgavs qmedebebs arasrulwlovanTa mimarT. agreTve

miiRon saWiro zomebi, raTa saTanadod iqnas daculi

arasrulwlovanis uflebebi gamoZiebis periodSi, gamom-

dinare maTi specifikurobisa.

oqmis meore muxli gvamcnobs, rom:

(a) bavSvebiT vaWroba niSnavs nebismier qmedebas an gari-

gebas, romlis Sedegadac bavSvi gadaecema nebismieri piris

an pirTa jgufis mier sxva pirs an pirTa jgufis fuladi

an sxva anazRaurebis fasad:

(b) bavSvTa prostitucia niSnavs bavSvis gamoyenebas

seqsualuri xasiaTis qmedebebSi fuladi an sxva saxis

anazRaurebis fasad;

(c) bavSvTa pornografia niSnavs sxva da sxva saSuale-

bebiT im bavSvis nebismier gamosaxvas , romelic asrulebs

realur an modelirebul aSkara seqsualur qmedebebs, an

bavSvis sasqeso organoebis gamosaxvas ZiriTadad seqsu-

aluri miznebisaTvis.

oqmis mesame muxli qveynebs avaldebulebs:

1. TiToeuli monawile saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs qvey-

anaSi moqmed sisxlis samarTalTan an penitencialur sa-

marTalTan Semdegi qmedebebis Sesabamisobas, imis da mi-

uxedavad, Cadenilia Tu ara danaSauli qveyanaSi an mis

farglebs gareT, erTi piris Tu organizebuli jgufis

mier.

158 159

(a) me –2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli bavSvebiT vaWroba:

(i) nebismieri saSualebiT bavSvis SeTavazeba, gadaecema

an miReba Semdegi miznebisaTvis:

a. bavSvis seqsualuri eqspluatacia;

b. bavSvis organoebis gadacema anazRaurebis misaRebad;

c. bavSvis gamoyeneba iZulebiT samuSaoebze;

(ii) Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi

aqtebis darRveviT bavSvis Svilad ayvanisaTvis Suamav-

lis iZulebiTi Tanxmobis ukanonod mopoveba;

(b) me –2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli bavSvis SeTavazeba,

miReba, miwodeba an bavSvebiT uzrunvelyofa prostituci-

is mizniT:

(c) me – 2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli bavSvTa pornografi-

is warmoeba, gadanawileba, gavrceleba, importi, eqspor-

ti, SeTavazeba, gayidva an Senaxva zemoT aRniSnuli mizneb-

isaTvis;

2. monawile saxelmwifoTa sakanonmdeblo debulebebis

Sesabamisad analogiuri zomebi gamoiyeneba nebismieri

aRniSnuli qmedebis Cadenis mcdelobis mimarT an nebismi-

er aRniSnul qmedebaSi Tanamonawileobis an monawileo-

bis mimarT.

3. TiToeuli monawile saxelmwifo iTvaliswinebs aRniS-

nuli danaSaulisaTvis Sesabamis sasjels misi simZimis

xarisxidan gamomdinare.

4. TiToeuli monawile saxelmwifo, saWiroebisamebr,

Tavisi erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, miiRebs

zomebs mocemuli muxlis 1-li punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul

samarTaldarRvevisaTvis iuridiul pirTa pasuxismgeblo-

bis dadgenis mizniT. monawile saxelmwifos samarTlebrivi

principebis Sesabamisad iuridiul pirTa es pasuximge-

bloba SeiZleba iyos samoqalaqo, sisxlissamarTlebrivi,

an administraciuli samarTaldarRveva.

4. monawile saxelmwifoebi miiReben yvela saTanado

samarTlebriv da administraciul zomebs, raTa uzrunve-

lyon, rom bavSvis Svilad ayvanis saqmeSi monawile yvela

piri moqmedebdes saTanado saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi

aqtebis Sesabamisad.

oqmSi aseve gawerilia qveynebis urTierTdaxmarebis,

damnaSaveTa eqstradiciis, yadaRa-konfiskaciis, sasamarT-

lo warmoebis niuansebis romlebic exeba bavSvTa vaWro-

bis faqtebs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelom 2006 wlisaTvis moaxdina

am samive gaeros dokumentis ratificireba da qarTuli kanon-

mdebloba sruliad Seesabameba aq moyvanil debulebebs.

b) evrosabWos standartebi

gaeros konvenciebis garda, trefikingTan brZolis saer-

TaSoriso standartebis Camoyalibebis mxriv, evropis mas-

StabiT mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso dokumentia 2005 wlis

16 maiss miRebuli da saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2006

wlis 22 dekembers ratificirebuli, evropis sabWos kon-

vencia àdamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg

brZolis Sesaxeb~.

konvenciis mier saerTaSoriso sazogadoebisTvis mot-

anili sargebloba, upirveles yovlisa, aris is, rom kon-

vencia adasturebs, adamianebiT ukanono vaWroba adami-

anis uflebebis darRvevas warmoadgens, agreTve xelyofs

adamianis Rirsebas da xelSeuxeblobas, amitom yvela misi

msxverplisTvis aucilebelia meti dacvis uzrunvelyofa,

kerZod saWiroa msxverplTa dacvisken mimarTuli zomebi-

sa da saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis TvalsazrisiT mo-

qmedebis gaZliereba.

konvencia vrceldeba adamianebiT vaWrobis yvela for-

maze, imisda miuxedavad is mxolod erTi saxelmwifos

160 161

farglebSi xorcieldeba Tu gaaCnia transnacionaluri

xasiaTi da aris Tu ara is dakavSirebuli organizebul

danaSaulTan, rac ganasxvavebs mas gaeros konvenciidan.

evropis sabWos konvencia aRiarebs trefikingis prob-

lemis simwvaves da yovlismomcveli saerTaSoriso samarT-

lebrivi dokumentis SemuSavebis aucileblobas.

konvenciis miznebia: genderuli Tanasworobis pirobeb-

Si da diskriminaciis nebismieri formis gareSe - ada-

mianebiT vaWrobis prevencia da mis winaaRmdeg brZola,

trefikingis msxverplTa uflebebis dacva, msxverplTa da

mowmeTa dacvisa da daxmarebis kompleqsuri sistemis

Seqmna, efeqturi gamoZiebisa da sisxlis samarTlebrivi

devnis uzrunvelyofa, adamianebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg

brZolis sferoSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis xelSew-

yoba.

konvencia avaldebulebs evropis sabWos wevr saxelm-

wifoebs SeimuSaon efeqturi politika da programebi

adamianebiT vaWrobis prevenciis da moTxovnis Sesusteb-

is mizniT, iseTi saSualebebis gamoyenebis gziT, rogori-

caa: kvleva, informaciis miwodeba, sazogadoebrivi Seg-

nebis amaRleba da saganmanaTleblo kampaniebi, social-

uri da ekonomikuri iniciativebi da saswavlo programe-

bi, sasazRvro, dokumentaciis usafrTxoebis, kontrolis,

kanonierebis da namdvilobis meqanizmebi. aq mocemulia

zogadi sakanonmdeblo CarCoebi saxelmwifoTaTvis tre-

fikingis winaaRmdeg efeqturad samoqmedod da gan-

sazRvrulia Tu ra zomebi unda iqnes miRebuli rogorc

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis, aseve sasamarTlo

procedurebis da msxverplTa dacvis kuTxiT, magaliTad:

_ saxelmwifoTaTvis Sida kanonmdeblobaSi gasaTval-

iswineblad savaldebuloa msxverplTaTvis zegavlenis

daZlevisa da gamorkvevis 30 dRiani periodis micema, raTa

man dasZlios da Tavi daaRwios trefikiorTa zegavlenas

da/an miiRos gadawyvetileba kompetentur organoebTan

TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb; (muxli 13)

_ TiToeuli monawile msxverplis saxelze valdebu-

lia gasces cxovrebis nebarTva; (muxli 14)

_ TiToeuli monawile uzrunvelyofs, rom msxverpl-

TaTvis, maT mier kompetentur organoebTan urTierTobis

damyarebisTanave, xelmisawvdomi gaxdes informacia maT-

Tvis gasageb enaze Sesabamisi sasamarTlo procesisa da

administraciuli saqmis warmoebis Sesaxeb. TiToeuli

monawile Tavis Sida kanonmdeblobaSi gaiTvaliswinebs

msxverplTa uflebas miiRon iuridiuli daxmareba da ufaso

iuridiuli konsultacia Tavisi Sida kanonmdeblobis

pirobaTa Sesabamisad. TiToeuli monawile Tavis kanonm-

deblobaSi gaiTvaliswinebs msxverplTa uflebas miiRon

kompensacia danaSaulis Camden pirTagan. TiToeuli mona-

wile miiRebs iseT sakanonmdeblo an sxva zomebs, rom-

lebic aucilebelia, raTa uzrunvelyofili iqnas msxver-

plTaTvis kompensaciis gadaxda Tavisi Sida kanonmdeblo-

biT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis Sesabamisad, msxverpl-

Ta sakompensacio fondis Seqmnis an iseTi zomebis an pro-

gramebis ganxorcielebis gziT, romlebic miznad isaxavs

msxverplTaTvis socialuri daxmarebis gawevasa da maT

socialur integracias; (muxli 15)

_ monawile, romlis moqalaqesac warmoadgens msxverp-

li an romlis teritoriazec am pirs hqonda mudmivad

cxovrebis ufleba mimRebi monawilis teritoriaze Sesv-

lis dros, xels Seuwyobs am piris dabrunebas aramarTe-

buli an usafuZvlo gaWianurebis gareSe. piris uflebeb-

is, usafrTxoebisa da Rirsebis dacviT; (muxli 16)

_ TiToeuli monawile ganixilavs iseTi sakanonmdeb-

lo da sxva zomebis gatarebis SesaZleblobas, romelic

162 163

aucilebelia, raTa Tavis Sida kanonmdeblobaSi sisxlis

samarTlis danaSaulad gamocxaddes piris iseTi momsaxu-

rebiT sargebloba, romelic xorcieldeba winaswari Sec-

nobiT imisa, rom es piri adamianebiT vaWrobis msxver-

plia; (muxli 19)

_ TiToeuli monawile gaatarebs iseT sakanonmdeblo

da sxva zomebs, romlebic aucilebelia, raTa qmedebebi

gamocxaddes sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad, im SemTxve-

vaSi Tu isini Cadenilia ganzrax da adamianebiT vaWrobis

ganxorcielebis mizniT:

a) mgzavrobis an piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentis

gayalbeba;

b) aseTi dokumentis mopoveba an miwodeba;

g) sxva piris mgzavrobis an piradobis damadasturebeli

dokumentis miTviseba, moSoreba, damalva, dazianeba an

ganadgureba; (muxli 20)

_ TiToeuli monawile uzrunvelyofs, rom winamdebare

konvenciis me-18 muxlis Sesabamisad dadgenili danaSauleb-

isTvis sasjelis gansazRvrisas, Semdegi saxis garemoebe-

bi miCneul iqnas damamZimebel garemoebebad:

a) danaSauli ganzrax an uxeSi daudevrobiT safrTxe-

Si agdebda msxverplis sicocxles;

b) danaSauli Cadenil iqna bavSvis winaaRmdeg;

g) danaSauli Cadenil iqna sajaro mosamsaxuris mier

samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis Sesrulebis dros;

d) danaSauli Cadenil iqna danaSaulebrivi jgufis

farglebSi. (muxli 24)

_ TiToeuli monawile Tavisi samarTlebrivi sistemis

ZiriTadi principebis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofs, rom

msxverplT ar daekisros sasjelebi kanonsawinaaRmdego

saqmianobaSi monawileobis gamo, im SemTxvevaSi Tu isini

iZulebulni iyvnen ase moqceuliyvnen. (muxli 26)

_ TiToeuli monawile uzrunvelyofs, rom winamdebare

konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis gamoZieba an

maTTan dakavSirebiT samarTlebrivi devnis ganxorciele-

ba ar iyos damokidebuli msxverplis mier warmodgenil

informaciaze an mis mier gakeTebul sabraldebo ganacxadze,

gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu danaSauli mTlianad an

nawilobriv Cadenil iqna mis teritoriaze. (muxli 27)

es aris mxolod mcire nawili im standartebisa rasac

gvTavazobs evropis sabWos konvencia ̀ adamianebiT vaWrobis

(trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb~ da sakmarisia

imis saCveneblad Tu ra yovlismomcveli, konkretuli da

aucilebelia am dokumentis mier SemoRebuli standartebi.

aqve mniSvnelovania am dokumentis meore aseve dadebi-

Ti mxaris gaJRereba, kerZod: konvencia ayalibebs monawi-

leTa mier zemoTxsenebuli standartebis ganxorcieleb-

is monitoringis meqanizms eqspertTa jgufis saxiT

(SemdgomSi GRETA), 10 – 15 wevris SemadgenlobiT, romelT-

ac airCeven 4 wlis vadiT winamdebare konvenciis monaw-

ile saxelmwifoTa moqalaqeebidan.

GRETA-s wevrebi konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebs

Seafaseben raundebad, specialurad Sedgenili Sefasebis

procedurebis da Sefasebis normebis mixedviT, romleb-

sac Tavad gansazRvraven. Sefasebis TiToeuli raundis-

aTvis GRETA-s SeuZlia Seadginos kiTxvari, romlis safuZ-

velzec moxdeba monawileTa mier winamdebare konvenciis

ganxorcielebis Sefaseba. aseTi kiTxvari miewodeba yve-

la monawiles. monawileebi Seavseben kiTxvars, amave dros

isini Seasruleben GRETA-s nebismier moTxovnas infor-

maciis miwodebasTan dakavSirebiT. GRETA-s aseve SeuZlia

gamoiTxovos informacia samoqalaqo sazogadoebisaganac,

moawyos vizitebi konkretul saxelmwifoebSi adgilze

viTarebis gasarkvevad.

164 165

yovelive zemoTaRniSnulis safuZvelze GRETA moamza-

debs angariSis proeqts, romelic Seicavs im debulebaTa

ganxorcielebis analizs, romelTa mixedviTac Sedgenil-

ia Sefaseba da aseve winadadebebsa da mosazrebebs imis

Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda gadaWras qveyanam mis winaSe md-

gari problemebi. angariSis proeqti komentarisaTvis gada-

ecema im saxelmwifos, romelic gadis Sefasebas. am komen-

tarebis gaTvaliswinebiT GRETA Seadgens angariSs, sadac

gaakeTebs daskvnebs Sesabamisi monawilis mier winamde-

bare konvenciis debulebaTa ganxorcielebis mizniT ga-

tarebuli zomebis Sesaxeb. es anagriSi da daskvnebi gada-

egzavneba Sesabamis saxelmwifos da komitets. GRETA-s an-

gariSi da daskvnebi sajaroa maTi damtkicebisTanave, Se-

sabamisi qveynis saboloo komentarebTan erTad.

monawileTa komitets SeuZlia ganxiluli qveynisTvis

miiRos rekomendaciebi, romlebic Seexeba GRETA–s daskvnis

ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro zomebis miRebas da aucilebe-

lobis SemTxvevaSi, am daskvnebis ganxorcielebasTan dakav-

Sirebuli informaciis miwodebis TariRis dadgenas da miznad

isaxavs am saxelmwifosTan TanamSromlobis xelSewyobas.

2010 wlisTvis moxda GRETA–s saTaTbiros sami Sexve-

dra, romlebzec moxda qveynebis SefasebisTvis mosamza-

debeli samuSaoebis Sejereba. daiwyo GRETA–s farglebSi

qveynebis Sefasebis pirveli raundi, risTvisac 2010 wlis

Tebervlis TveSi evropis 10 saxelmwifos, maT Soris

saqarTvelos, gaegzavna Sesavsebad kiTxvarebi, romelTa

pasuxis gasacemad mieca vada 2010 wlis pirvel seqtem-

bramde. kiTxvari moicavs 55 kiTxvas trefikingis danaSau-

lis yvela sakiTxs irgvliv. kiTxvari aseve moiTxovs dan-

aSaulis irgvliv statistikur monacemebis miwodebas.[94]

GRETA–s egidiT, 2010 wlisTvis, Catarebulia 2 saerTa-

Soriso konferencia, sadac sxvebTan erTad monawileoba

miiRes saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebma. kerZod, 2006 wels

aTenSi moewyo regionaluri konferencia, xolo 2007 wels

erevanSi moewyo regionaluri seminari adamianTa trefik-

ingis winaaRmdeg gatarebuli zomebis Sesaxeb, sadac monaw-

ileoba miiRes saqarTvelos generaluri prokuraturis

warmomadgenlebma. maT monawileebs gaacnes saqarTvelo-

Si arsebuli mdgomareoba trefikingis kuTxiT.

g) amerikis SeerTebul Statebis standartebi.

saerTaSoriso doneze trefikingTan brZolis standart-

ebis Camoyalibebis mxriv aRsaniSnavia aseve amerikis SeerTe-

buli Statebis kanonmdebloba. Statebis mier gatarebu-

li politika marTalia ar warmoadgens saerTaSoriso

samarTlis wyaros da ar aris valdebuleba, rom sxva

saxelmwifoebma ixelmZRvanelon mis mier SemuSavebuli

meTodebiT, magram amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis poli-

tikuri gavlenis da ekonomikuri berketebis gaTval-

iswinebiT sxva saxelmwifoebi garkveulwilad iZulebu-

li arian gaiTvaliswinon aSS-s damokidebuleba da Seas-

rulon maT mier wayenebuli moTxovnebi.

mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom aSS iyo erT-erTi pirve-

li saxelmwifo, vinc aRiara adamianTa trefikingTan brZ-

olis warmatebisaTvis saerTaSoriso Zalisxmevis mniS-

vneloba, ris gamoc aSS-Si 2000 wels miiRes `trefiking-

isa da Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvis aqti 2000~, romel-

Sic periodulad – fiskaluri wlebis mixedviT xdeba

damatebebis Setana specialuri kanonis meSveobiT, rac

ganxorcielda 2003, 2005 da 2008 wlebSi.

am aqtiT aRiarebul iqna trefikingis msxverplTa mima-

rT adamianis uflebebis darRvevebi da saxelmwifos mier

maTi daxmarebis valdebuleba.Arac mTavaria, aqti aRiarebs

trefikingis safrTxes da mis winaaRmdeg brZolis auci-

166 167

leblobas ara mxolod aSS-s teritoriaze, aramed igi

qmnis garkveul Sefasebis da daxmarebis sistemas msof-

lio maStabiT.

am aqtis Sesabamisad, aSS saxelmwifo departamentSi

Seiqmna trefikingTan brZolis da monitoringis samsax-

uri. romlis mizania trefikingTan brZolis saSualebeb-

is da meTodebis SemuSaveba da aseve msoflio maStabiT

arsebuli mdgomareobis gaanalizeba.

es samsaxuri awarmoebs msoflios saxelmwifoebis

yovelwliur Sefasebebs, maT mier gaweuli reformebis,

miRebuli Sedegebis da arsebuli mdgomareobis gaTva-

liswinebiT, ris mixedviTac adgens reitingul cxrils

da aqveynebs yovelwliur angariSs trefikingis Sesaxeb.

aRniSnuli dokumenti warmoadgens ormagi daniSnule-

bis xelsawyos, igi warmodgindeba, rogorc erTgvari wama-

xalisebeli, biZgis mimcemi instrumenti, raTa saxelm-

wifoebi ecadon dawinaurdnen da moxvdnen maRali Sedegebis

mqone saxelmwifoTa ricxvSi da Sesabamisad miiRon mate-

rialur-teqnikuri Tu sxva saxis daxmareba aSS-s mxridan.

xolo meore-mxriv aRniSnuli dokumenti aris diplomati-

uri, politikuri zewolis saSualeba raTa amerikis

mTavrobam moaxdinos aradamakmayofilebel Sedegebis mqone

saxelmwifoebze gavlena, iq viTarebis gaumjobesebis

mizniT.

unda aRiniSnos, rom sadaoa maT mier gamoyenebuli

zewolis xerxebis mizanSewoniloba, romlebic Tavis Tav-

Si gulisxmobs trefikingTan brZolis mxriv cudi Sede-

gis mqone isedac susti ekonomikis saxelmwifoTaTvis

ekonomikuri daxmarebis gawevis Sewyvetas, rogorc uSua-

lod aSS-s mxridan, aseve iTvaliswinebs saerTaSoriso

berketebis gamoyenebas, raTa ar moxdes am saxelmwifo-

TaTvis saerTaSoriso masStabiT SesaZlo sxva saSuale-

bebidan finansuri daxmarebis miReba. am gziT aSS ubi-

Zgebs da exmareba sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebs, raTa gaaqti-

uron TavianTi brZola trefikingTan brZolis mima-

rTulebiT.

amgvarad aSS aRiarebs adamianTa trefikingis saerTa-

Soriso safrTxis mniSvnelobas da mis winaaRmdeg brZo-

lis efeqturobisTvis saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis erTian

Zalisxmevas.

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi aRiareben msxverplisTvis

momatebul safrTxes gamoZiebis periodSi. ris gamoc

amerikaSi trefikingis msxverplis dasacavad da reabili-

taciisTvis SemuSavebulia mravali saxis daxmarebis, dacvis

da reabilitaciis RonisZieba, maT Soris trefikingis msx-

verpl aralegaluri migrantTaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia

Statebis teritoriaze legaluri Sromis uflebis mini-

Webac da qveyanaSi darCenis uflebis micemac ki.

rogorc xedavT, saerTaSoriso standartebi Sedgeba iseTi

elementebisgan romlebic, erTi SexedviT, warmoadgens yve-

lasaTvis misaReb da erTmniSvnelovnad gasatarebeli

RonisZiebebisa da principebis erTianobas, romlebic

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi srulad aris gaziarebuli.

saqarTvelom bolo wlebis manZilze kardinalurad

gaaumjobesa standartebis danergvis mxriv mdgomareoba

da Tu 2003 wlamde zemoTxsenebul aSS-s saxelmwifo de-

partamentis, msoflio masStabiT trefikingis Sefasebis

dokumentSi, vimyofebodiT bolo kalaTSi warumatebeli

saxelmwifoebis gverdiT, 2010 wlisTvis saqarTvelo ga-

nawilebulia I kalaTSi rogorc warmatebuli qveyana tre-

fikingTan brZolis da arsebuli mdgomareobis mxriv, iseve

rogorc saerTaSoriso standartebis danergvis saqmeSi da

am miRweul Sedegs wlebis manZilze inarCunebs.[78]

168 169


arsebuli prevenciuli zomebi

adamianiT vaWroba - trefikingi aris swored is danaSau-

li, romelic sazrdoobs qveyanaSi arsebuli social-

ekonomikuri mdgomareobiT, saxelmwifo organoebis sisuste-

naklovanebebiT, sakanonmdeblo xarvezebiT da mosaxleo-

bis iseTi subieqturi faqtorebiT, rogoricaa ganaTlebis

dabali done, gulubryviloba, mimndobloba da a.S.

Raribi, Sromisunariani da dausaqmebeli moqalaqeebi

warmoadgenen mosaxleobis im segments, romlebic Tavis-

dauneburad xdebian damnaSaveTa yuradRebis sferoSi da

maT mier sxvadasxva meTodebis gamoyenebiT – motyueba,

fizikuri iZuleba, savalo kabala da sxva mravali xerx-

iT _ xvdebian damnaSaveTa gavlenis qveS.

adamianTa trefikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTulma preven-

ciulma zomebma SeiZleba gamoxatva hpovos Semdeg RonisZ-

iebebis saxiT:

1. organizaciuli – trefikingTan brZolis saxelm-

wifo specialuri organizaciebis Seqmna, saqmianoba;

2. samarTlebrivi – specialuri kanonmdeblobis miReba,

ganxorcieleba;

3. kvleviTi – arsebuli viTarebis, sakanonmdeblo ba-

zis, specialuri struqturebis, miznobrivi jgufebis, sa-

frTxeebis yovelmxrivi analizi, modelireba da naklov-

anebebis aRmofxvrisken mimarTuli RonisZiebebis dagegmva;

4. saganmanaTleblo – zogadad mosaxleobis da ker-

Zod miznobrivi jgufebis adamianTa trefikingis Sesaxeb

informirebulobis amaRleba, leqciebis, seminarebis da

sxva RonisZiebebis saSualebiT;

5. sainformacio – satelevizio rgolebis da masmedi-

is saSualebebiT trefikingis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba,

maT Soris specialuri satelefono ̀ cxeli xazebi~-s gamo-

yeneba;

6. socialuri da ekonomikuri xasiaTis zomebi, rom-

lebic marTalia uSualod adamianTa trefikingTan brZo-

lis kuTxiT ar xorcieldeba, magram yvelaze mniSvnelo-

van prevenciul RonisZiebebad aris miCneuli.

socialuri xasiaTis prevenciuli zomebi, romlebic

warmoadgenen warmatebis sawindars adamianTa trefiking-

is danaSaulobasTan brZolis mimarTebiT, SeiZleba dasax-

eldes: mosaxleobis materialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobese-

ba, maTi dasaqmeba, saTanado stabiluri xelfasiT uzrun-

velyofa, riTac potenciur msxverplT survili aRar gauCn-

debaT sazRvargareT dasaqmebis Ziebis, miTumetes, arale-

galurad da aragarantirebul samuSaos SemoTavazebis

pirobebSi.

es midgoma dadasturda sociologiuri kvlevis Sede-

gebiTac, romelic mocemulia amave naSromSi da, sadac

respodentTa absoluturma umravlesobam adamianTa tre-

fikingis danaSaulis gamomwvev erT-erT mizezad mZime

socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba daasaxela, xolo

kiTxvaze Tu ra iqneboda Yyvelaze efeqturi saSualeba

adamianTa trefikingTan sabrZolvelad, Sedegebma cxadhyo,

rom mosaxleobis umravlesobis azriT, gamokiTxuli 420

pirovnebidan 238-ma, erT-erT pasuxad socialur-eko-

nomikuri donis amaRleba daasaxela. aqve unda aRiniSnos,

rom socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis gaumjobeseba ar

aris martivi amocana, saWiroebs saxelmwifos da TiToeu-

li moqalaqis did Zalisxmevas dovlaTis Seqmnis saqmeSi

da warmoadgens droSi gawelil process.

meore saSualeba, rac SeiZleba CaiTvalos adamianTa

trefikingis socialuri xasiaTis prevenciul zomad –

esaa adamianTa trefikingis danaSaulis arsis, masTan

170 171

brZolis da Tavidan acilebis meTodebis Sesaxeb adamian-

Ta cnobierebis amaRleba, rac gulisxmobs mosaxleobaSi

informaciis gavrcelebas aRniSnul problemis irgvliv,

ris ganxorcielebac SedarebiT realuria da unda aRin-

iSnos, rom saqarTvelos xelisufleba mas aqtiurad axor-

cielebs.

garda saxelmwifos mxridan gatarebuli zomebisa, tre-

fikingis prevenciis mxriv mniSvnelovan aqtivobas aqvs

adgili arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mxridanac, maga-

liTad SeiZleba moviSvelio `danaSaulobis kvlevisa da

prognozirebis centris~ moRvaweobac, romlis erT-erTi

TanadamfuZnebelic gaxlavT aRniSnuli naSromis avtori.[6]

am organizaciam 2007 wels ganaxorciela proeqti ̀ afxa-

zeTis samarTlebrivi daxmareba,~ romlis farglebSic zemo

afxazeTis yvela dasaxlebul punqtSi Catarda specialu-

ri leqcia-seminarebi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb

mosaxleobisTvis samarTlebrivi ganmartebis micemis

mizniT. monawileebs daurigdaT maTTvis specialurad

Seqmnili saxelmZRvaneloebi, sadac Cvens mier specialu-

rad Setanili iqna adamianiT vaWroba _ trefikingis Sesaxeb

calke Tavi, radgan zemo afxazeTisTvis es problema ucxo

ar iyo da amitomac maTTvis Zalian saintereso aRmoCnda

aRniSnuli RonisZieba.[47]

aseve trefikingTan brZolis saqmeSi misasalmebelia

arasamTavrobo organizacia àdamianis harmoniuli ganvi-

Tarebis sazogadoebis~ moRvaweoba, romelic wlebis man-

Zilze atarebs specialur seminarebs, treiningebs, mrgval

magidebs, SeimuSavebs sakanonmdeblo winadadebebs, gaaC-

nia trefikingis msxverplTa TavSesafari. organizaciisM-

mier ganxorcielda ori didi antitrefikinguli proeqti:

àrasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da saxelmwifo struq-

turebis TanamSromloba qalebiTa da bavSvebiT vaWrobis

winaaRmdeg erToblivi brZolis SemuSavebisaTvis samxreT

kavkasiaSi~ da àdamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) preven-

cia~.[87]

rac Seexeba konkretulad saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier

adamianTa trefikingis winaaRmdeg mimarTul specialur

RonisZiebebs, romlebic moicavs socialuri xasiaTis pre-

venciul zomebsac, isini ganxilulia 2006 wlis 28 apri-

lis saqarTvelos kanoniT àdamianiT vaWrobis (trefik-

ingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb.~ aRniSnuli kanonis

meore TavSi - àdamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Tavidan

acilebis meqanizmebi da saxelmwifo organoebis kompe-

tencia adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Tavidan acileb-

is sferoSi~ - Setanilia Semdegi ori muxli:

muxli 5. _ adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Tavidan

acilebis meqanizmebi; da muxli 6. _ saxelmwifo orga-

noebis kompetencia adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

Tavidan acilebis sferoSi.

kanonis mixedviT, trefikingis Tavidan acilebis me-

qanizmebad warmodgenilia organizaciuli, samarTlebrivi,

kvleviTi, saganmanaTleblo, sainformacio, socialuri da

ekonomikuri RonisZiebebis erToblioba. isini ganxorci-

elebas hpoveben samoqmedo gegmebis saxiT. am gegmebs Sei-

muSavebs, saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 wlis 1 seqtembris

brZanebulebiT Seqmnili, àdamianTa vaWrobis winaaRmdeg

mimarTuli RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcielebeli sauwyebaTa-

Soriso mudmivmoqmedi sakoordinacio sabWo~ mTavari

prokuroris TavmjdomareobiT.

samoqmedo gegma agebulia egreT wodebul `sami p-is~

principze, rac moiazrebs adamianiT vaWrobis danaSaulis

prevencias, msxverplTa dacvas da danaSaulis gamoZiebas.

samoqmedo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebi da saqmi-

anoba Sesabamisi principebis gaTvaliswinebiTaa Camoyal-

172 173

ibebuli da igi gulisxmobs aRniSnul sakiTxebze saqarTve-

los xelisuflebis, arasamTavrobo da saerTaSoriso

organizaciebis mWidro TanamSromlobas.

amasTan, samoqmedo gegma Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyebeb-

is mier ganxorcielebuli saqmianobis mkafiod Camoyali-

bebuli monitoringis sistemas iTvaliswinebs: TiToeuli

uwyeba valdebulia sakoordinacio sabWos warudginos gawe-

uli saqmianobis Sesaxeb angariSi yovel sam TveSi erTxel.

am droisTvis dasrulebuli, Sejamebuli da gaanali-

zebulia, saqarTvelos prezidentis 2007 wlis 25 ianvris

#23 brZanebulebiT damtkicebuli, adamianTa vaWrobis

winaaRmdeg brZolis 2007-2008 wlebis samoqmedo gegma,

romlis CamoyalibebaSi monawileoba miiRes rogorc

samTavrobo, ise arasamTavrobo da saerTaSoriso organi-

zaciebma. xolo amJamad xorcieldeba prezidentis 2009

wlis 20 ianvris 46-e gankargulebiT damtkicebuli 2009-

2010 wlebis samoqmedo gegma.

samoqmedo gegmebi gulisxmobs adamianiT vaWrobis preven-

ciis mxriv Semdegi miznebis miRwevas da RonisZiebebis

gatarebas:

_ adamianTa trefikingis danaSaulis arsisa da masTan

brZolis meTodebis Sesaxeb adamianTa cnobierebis amaRleba

Semdegi saqmianobis gatarebiT:

1) sainformacio-saganmanaTleblo kampaniebis warmarT-

va – video rgolebis, satelevizio da radio gadacemebis

momzadeba;

2) beWdviTi sainformacio masalis momzadeba da gavr-

celeba samoqalaqo reestris, saqarTvelos sakonsulo

dawesebulebebis, saqarTveloSi moqmedi turistuli da

dasaqmebis saagentoebis mier, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

sazRvarsa da trefikingis sxva, potenciuri riskis mqone

regionebSi;

3) umaRlesi da profesiuli ganaTlebis dawesebule-

bebSi sajaro diskusiebis gamarTva adamianiT vaWrobis –

trefikingis Temaze;

4) trefikingis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad Seqmnili

satelefono erTiani cxeli xazis popularizacia, adamian-

Ta trefikingis prevenciisa da am danaSaulisagan mosax-

leobis dacvis mizniT;

5) adamianebiT vaWrobis Sesaxeb Sesabamis uwyebaTa

vebgverdze ganTavsebuli informaciis ganaxleba da veb-

gverdebis Sesabamisi ganyofilebis Semdgomi daxvewa.

zemoTxsenebuli punqtebidan pirveli sami punqti saer-

Toa 2007-2008 da 2009-2010 wlebis samoqmedo gegmebisTvis,

xolo meoTxe da mexuTe punqtebi aqtualuri mxolod 2009-

2010 wlis gegmaSi gaxda, rac mianiSnebs mosaxleobis sain-

formacio uzrunvelyofis mxriv saxelmwifos yuradReb-

is gamaxvilebaze da internet sivrcis mniSvnelobis

gazrdaze am mxriv.

_ adamianiT vaWrobis aRkveTisa da msxverplTa refe-

rirebis standartebis gacnoba da daxvewa, rac moiazrebs

adamianTa trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb speci-

aluri treiningebis Catarebas, maTi muSaobis specifikis

gaTvaliswinebiT Semdegi miznobrivi jgufebisaTvis:

1. mesazRvreebi;

2. ubnis inspeqtorebi;

3. masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa TanamSromlebi;

4. sakonsulo dawesebulebebis TanamSromlebi;

5. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saminis-

tros TanamSromlebi;

6. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobis da social-

uri dacvis saministros TanamSromlebi – a) socialuri

muSakebi b) janmrTelobis dacvis sferos muSakebi;

7. sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis muSakebi;

174 175

_ trefikingis danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis saSuale-

bebis gacnoba arasrulwlovanTaTvis, rac unda ganxorci-

eldes ganaTlebis saministros mier saganmanaTleblo

programebis ganviTarebis da srulyofis gziT da moicavdes

Semdeg elementebs:

1. zogadsaganmanaTleblo erovnul saswavlo gegma-

Si trefikingis Sesaxeb arsebuli saganmanaTleblo stan-

dartebis daxvewa;

2. adamianTa trefikingis Sesaxeb samodelo gakveTi-

lis modulis safuZvelze specialurad momzadebuli mas-

wavleblebisa da mowveuli eqspertebis mier zogadsagan-

manaTleblo dawesebulebebSi saCvenebeli gakveTilebis

Catareba, gansakuTrebiT maRali riskis mqone regionebSi.

3. saganmanaTleblo programebis SemuSaveba da dan-

ergva obol da mzrunvelobas moklebul bavSvTa saxleb-

sa da TavSesafrebSi.

zemoTxsenebuli ori punqti saerToa 2007-2008 da 2009-

2010 wlebis samoqmedo gegmebisaTvis, xolo Semdegi mux-

li ukve gansxvavdeba wlebis mixedviT qveyanaSi Secv-

lil viTarebidan da miRweuli Sedegebidan gamomdinare:

Tu 2007-2008 wlebis gegmaSi aqcenti gakeTda adamianTa

trefikingis masStabebis kvlevaze, 2009-2010 wlis gegmaSi

aRniSnuli aRar figurirebs da misi adgili ukavia tre-

fikingis gamovlenili SemTxvevebis analizs, Semdgomi

strategiis gansazRvris da saqmianobis dagegmvis mizniT.

ufro konkretulad ki, 2007-2008 wlebis gegmis mixed-

viT saxelmwifo miznad isaxavda ewarmoebina kvleva Sem-

degi mimarTulebebiT:

1. trefikingis SemTxvevebis analizi, msxverplTa/daz-

aralebulTa anonimurobis dacviT, mimdinare gamoZiebis

CaTvliT;

2. msxverplTa anonimuri kvleva maTi warmoSobis re-

gionis, msxverplad gaxdomis mizezebis gamokvlevis aq-

centirebiT;

3. bavSvebiT vaWrobis/trefikingis gamomwvevi mizeze-

bisa da masStabebis kvleva;

4. kvlevaTa wliuri angariSebis Sejameba.

maSin, roca 2009-2010 wlebis gegmis mixedviT kvlevebis

mxriv aqcenti gakeTda Semdegze:

1. trefikingis sakiTxebze kvleviTi saqmianobis gan-

maxorcielebeli jgufis saqmianobis daxvewa;

2. kvlevaTa wliuri angariSebis Sejameba, maT Soris,

gadacemaTa reitingis kvleva, tendenciebis gamovlena da

samomavlo saqmianobis gamokveTa;

3. arasrulwlovnebiT vaWrobis gamomwvevi mizezebis

da masStabebis kvleva;

4. trefikingis SemTxvevebis aRmnusxveli monacemTa

bazis daxvewa.

rogorc xedavT, kvlevebis masStabebi gaizarda da uSu-

alod trefikingis msxverplTa gamokiTxvidan, rac Ziri-

Tadad mizezebis gamovlenisken iyo mimarTuli, gavrcel-

da aseve saxelmwifos mier gatarebuli saganmanaTleblo

programebis efeqturobis kvlevaze.

saerTo jamSi ki unda avRniSnoT, rom samoqmedo gegma

mniSvnelovnad daixvewa – gaiTvaliswina ra Tanamedrove

pirobebSi momxdari axali garemoebebi, amavdroulad saxel-

mwifos mier aqcenti socialuri xasiaTis prevenciuli

zomebidan gadavida mosaxleobis informirebulobis ama-

Rlebaze, rac marTebulia.

da bolos, gvinda avRniSnoT saqarTvelos mTavrobis

mier gatarebuli erT-erTi reformis zegavlena adamianTa

migraciul procesebze da amgvarad trefikingze. kerZod,

gverds ver avuvliT saganmanaTleblo reformis rols

176 177

da mis Sedegebs, romelTa Sedegad Semcirda umaRlesi

saswavleblebis raodenoba – studentTa misaRebi adgi-

lebis CaTvliT, mkveTrad – daaxloebiT 10-jer gaizarda

swavlis safasuri, garTulda sasurvel fakultetze da

sasurvel universitetSi moxvedris SesaZlebloba, ramac

gamoiwvia erTis mxriv axalgazrdebSi dausaqmebeli pire-

bis raodenobis zrda – dausaqmeblobaSi igulisxmeba

rogorc samsaxuris ar mqone pirTa raodenoba, aseve ise-

Ti mdgomareoba, roca pirovneba arc raime codnis miRebi-

Taa dakavebuli. meores mxriv swavlis safasuris mniS-

vnelovanma zrdam gazarda ucxoeTSi saswavleblad wasv-

lis msurvelTa nakadi, romlebic iq ZiriTadad aramarto

swavliT arian dakavebulni da warmoadgenen trefikior-

Ta iol samiznes. aseve mniSvnelovania im studentTa masa,

romlebic moxvdnen iseT fakultetze, romelic maTTvis

sasurveli da prioritetuli ar iyo, Sesabamisad isini

mxolod movaleobis moxdis grZnobiT dadian leqciebze,

umeteswilad mosalodneli finansuri sanqciebis Tavidan

asacileblad da samomavlod sxva - sasurvel universitetSi

gadasvlis imediT, rac ZiriTadad ver xerxdeba da maT

momaval profesionalizms da saerTod aseT ganaTlebis

Rirebulebas eWvqveS ayenebs. saWiroa, rom saxelmwifom

moaxdinos umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis ufro

mkacri monitoringi da fasebis regulireba, raTa moxdes

am uaryofiTi tendenciis Semobruneba da Sesabamisad axal-

gazrda mosaxleobis ganaTlebis donis amaRleba.

$3.. adamianiT vaWrobis – trefikingis winaaRmdeg

brZolis subieqtebis organizaciuli aspeqtebi.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo marTvis struqturaSi adamian-

Ta trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolis meqanizmebi Zalze

kompleqsuri xasiaTisaa da Sedgeba sxvadasxva saxelmwi-

fo organoSi daqsaqsul danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis,

gamovlenisa da gaxsnis, damnaSaveTa dadgenisa da dakavebis,

maT mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorciele-

bisa da maTTvis sasjelis Sefardebis uzrunvelmyof stru-

qturebisgan, agreTve organizaciebisgan romlebic auci-

lebelia adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa,

dazaralebulTa samarTlebrivi dacvisa da daxmarebi-

saTvis. es organizaciebi SeiZleba dajgufdes, maT mier

gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, Sem-

degnairad:

umaRlesi koordinaciis ganmaxorcielebeli organo:

_ adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg mimar-

Tuli RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcielebeli sauwyebaTaSoriso

sakoordinacio sabWo, saqarTvelos mTavari prokuroris

TavmjdomareobiT.

funqciuri koordinaciiis ganmaxorcielebeli organo-

ebi, anu iseTi organoebi, romelTa roli Semoifargleba

mxolod garkveuli funqciuri mimarTulebis koordinaciiT,

aseTebia:

_ adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg opera-

tiul-samZebro da sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxorcielebis

makoordinirebeli jgufi;

_ msxverplTa reabilitaciis mxriv, ki trefikingis

msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondi.[98]

konkretuli RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcielebeli orga-

noebi:

_ saxelmwifo organoebi, romlebic axorcieleben ada-

mianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolas, am da-

naSaulis Tavidan acilebis, gamovlenisa da aRkveTisaTvis

profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas, danaSaul-

Si eWvmitanili pirebis dadgenas, dakavebas da maT mimarT

178 179

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebas:

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros struqturuli

danayofebi: specialuri operatiuli departamentis, tre-

fikingTan da ukanono migraciasTan brZolis sammarTvelo,

sazRvris dacvis departamenti, erTiani sainformacio banki,

kriminaluri policia da sxva struqturuli erTeulebi.

saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros dawesebulebebi,

kerZod saqarTvelos mTavari prokuratura, romelic

trefikingis saqmeebze Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi axor-

cielebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas da sasamarTloSi

mxars uWers saxelmwifo braldebas..

_ organizaciebi romlebic awarmoeben adamianiT vaWro-

bis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvis,

daxmarebis da reabilitaciis RonisZiebebs:

saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri

dacvis saministro - adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxe-

lmwifo fondis, misi struqturuli erTeulis – TavSe-

safris, da sxva struqturuli erTeulebis meSveobiT.

_ organizaciebi, romelTa movaleobaSi Sedis sazoga-

doebis azris Camoyalibeba, mosaxleobis informirebulo-

bis amaRleba:

saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli, misi satele-

vizio da radio saSualebebiT, beWdviTi presa da sxva

sainformacio saSualebebi.

saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministro,

umaRlesi skolebis, sajaro skolebis da sxva saganmanaTle-

blo dawesebulebebis meSveobiT.

yvela zemoTaRniSnul organizaciebSi adamianiT vaWroba

_ trefikingis mimarTulebiT saqmianobis maregulirebeli

zogadi principebi da normebi mocemulia saqarTvelos

kanonSi àdamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg

brZolis Sesaxeb.~

zemoTxsenebuli kanonis meaTe muxlis Tanaxmad Seiqmna

trefikingis problematikaze momuSave qveynis masStabiT

mTavari organo _ àdamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcielebeli

sauwyebaTaSoriso sakoordinacio sabWo~. sabWos Tavj-

domareobs saqarTvelos mtavari prokurori, xolo mis

SemadgenlobaSi Sedian saqarTvelos mTavari prokuratur-

is, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, saqarTve-

los Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis sami-

nistros, saqarTvelos iusticiis saministrosa da saqarTve-

los ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros warmomad-

genlebi. aseve sakoordinacio sabWos muSaobaSi monawi-

leoba eTxovaT: saqarTvelos parlamentis, saxalxo dam-

cvelis, evropis sabWos, evrokomisiis, aSS-s saelCos, aSS

saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos, euTos misiis, gaeros

bavSvTa fondis, migraciis saerTaSoriso organizaciis,

saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis da ara-

samTavrobo organizacia – ̀ Tanadgomis~ warmomadgenlebs.

sabWos aseTi farTo warmomadgenloba ganpirobebiulia

misi, rogorc trefikingis mxriv umaRlesi makoordini-

rebeli organos funqciiT da saWiroebiT, rom yvela dain-

teresebuli organo iyos warmodgenili trefikingis

winaaRmdeg politikis SemuSavebis da gadawyvetilebebis

miRebis procesSi.

struqturis mxriv, sabWos amocanebis Sesrulebis uzrun-

velsayofad, Seqmnilia mudmivmoqmedi jgufi koordina-

toris da eqspertebis SemadgenlobiT da aseve mobiluri

jgufi.[107]

mudmivmoqmedi jgufi wyvets msxverplisTvis statusis

miniWebis sakiTxs 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi im droidan,

180 181

roca potenciuri msxverpli mimarTavs TavSesafars an

sxva Sesabamis dawesebulebas (Tu msxverpls ar gaaCnia arana-

iri sacxovrebeli adgili, sadac darCeboda 48 saaTis gan-

mavlobaSi, maSin mas gamoeyofa oTaxi TavSesafarSi).

mudmivmoqmedi jgufi Sedgeba 5 wevrisgan. jgufSi gada-

wyvetilebis miReba xdeba aranakleb 4 wevris mier. aR-

saniSnavia, rom sakoordinacio sabWom, pirvelad Tavis

meore sxdomaze 2006 wlis 22 dekembers, daamtkica mudmiv-

moqmedi jgufis saqmianobis wesi, uflebamosileba da mud-

mivmoqmedi jgufis 5 wevri da 3 alternatiuli wevri,

romlebic ZiriTadi wevrebis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi Secv-

lian maT, isini warmoadgenen Sesabamis saxelmwifo uwye-

bebs da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs.

rac Seexeba specialur mobilur jgufebs, isini Sedge-

ba ori eqspertisgan: fsiqologisgan da iuristisgan,

romelTac arCevs mudmivmoqmedi jgufi.

specialuri mobiluri jgufi moqmedebas iwyebs maSin,

roca moxdeba potenciuri msxverplis aRmoCena an msxver-

plis TviT-identifikacia. jgufi esaubreba msxverpls da

avsebs saidentifikacio kiTxvars. kiTxvarze da specia-

luri mobiluri jgufis wevrebis zepir gancxadebebze

dayrdnobiT, mudmivmoqmedi jgufi iRebs gadawyvetilebas

trefikingis msxverplis statusis miniWebaze.

rac Seexeba adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg

operatiul-samZebro da sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis ganxor-

cielebis makoordinirebeli jgufs, igi Seiqmna adamianiT

vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqtianad ganxorcieleb-

is mizniT, saqarTvelos prokuraturis da sxva Sesabamis

saxelmwifo organoTa warmomadgenlebis monawileobiT

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros bazaze. igi koor-

dinacias uwevs adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaR-

mdeg operatiul-samZebro da sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis

ganxorcielebas qveynis mTel teritoriaze. adamianiT

vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis mudmivmoqmed

jgufs ufleba aqvs Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organoebisa-

gan, maT Soris, saelCoebisa da sakonsuloebisagan, uSua-

lod miiRos adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) sakiTxebT-

an dakavSirebuli nebismieri informacia.

xolo, trefikingis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis

saxelmwifo fondis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:

fondis debuleba damtkicebul iqna 2006 wlis 18 ivliss

saqarTvelos prezidentis #437 brZanebulebiT. misi miza-

nia uzrunvelyos kompensacia trefikingis msxverplTaTvis

da aseve daafinansos rogorc adamianTa trefikingis aseve

ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvis, daxmarebis, re-

abilitaciis RonisZiebebi, uzrunvelyos isini TavSesaf-

riT, iuridiuli, fsiqologiuri, samedicino da/an sxva

saxis momsaxurebiT, raTa moxdes maTi ojaxsa da sazoga-

doebaSi sruli reintegraciis xelSewyoba.[98]

fondis saqmianobas meTvalyureobas uwevs saqarTvelos

Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saminis-

tro, romelmac 2007 wels saxelmwifo fondisaTvis gamoyo

300 000 lari, xolo 2010 wlis biujetiT misi dafinanseba

ganisazRvra 588 700 lariT, momuSaveTa raodenoba ki 23

saStato erTeuliT.[102]

aRsaniSnavia, rom bolo 3 wlis manZilze saxelmwifo

biujetis xarjebis da saxelmwifo samsaxurSi momsaxure-

Ta raodenobis Semcirebis miuxedavad, am mimarTulebiT

SesamCnevia rogorc saStato raodenobis, aseve dafinanse-

bis zrdac, rac saxelmwifos did yuradRebaze miuTiTebs.

Cveni azriT, saWiroa dafinansebis arsebuli meTodebis

da wyaroebis Secvla, aseT dawesebulebebis dafinanseba

ar SeiZleba xorcieldebodes wlis manZilze winaswar

gansazRvruli biujetis gamoyofiT, radgan aravin icis

182 183

ramdeni msxverplis identificireba moxdeba konkretul

wels. qveynisTvis ufro efeqturi iqneboda, am miznebi-

saTvis alternatiuli wyaroebis gamoyeneba, rogoric Se-

iZleba iyos trefikerebisaTvis CamorTmeuli qoneba, sapro-

ceso garigebebidan Semosuli Tanxebi an jarimebi.

zemoTxsenebuli midgomis ganxorcielebis realurobas

amyarebs sasamarTlo statistika, romelic gviCvenebs

trefikingis saqmeebze gamotanili ganaCenebiT, jarimis

saxiT, dakisrebuli saxsrebis did moculobas - 2009 wels,

pirveli aTi Tvis mdgomareobiT, mxolod jarimebiT dak-

isrebuli iyo saerTo jamSi 261 000 lari, maSin roca,

`trefikingis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwi-

fo fonds~ 2010 wlis biujetiT dafinanseba ganesazRvra

588 700 lariT.[102]

dafinansebis aseTi meTodiT garkveul jaWvSi ebmeva

qveyanaSi gamovlenili trefikingis faqtebi, gavrcelebis

maStabebi da reabilitaciis da daxmarebis RonisZiebebi,

maTi moculoba konkretuli wlis ganmavlobaSi.

konkretuli RonisZiebebis ganmaxorcielebeli orga-

noebidan, romelTaTvis trefikingTan brZola ar warmoad-

gens erTaderT funqcias da ar aris eqskluziurad am

funqciisTvis Seqmnili (rogorc zemoTxsenebuli fondi,)

aRsaniSnavia Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, romelic Tavisi

kompetenciis farglebSi uzrunvelyofs adamianiT vaWro-

bis (trefikingis) danaSaulze operatiul-samZebro da sa-

gamoZiebo saqmianobis ganxorcielebas, adamianiT vaWro-

bis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa da mowme-

Ta piradi usafrTxoebis dacvas, erTiani sainformacio

bankis funqcionirebas, agreTve adamianiT vaWrobis (tre-

fikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebaTa SemuSavebisa

da ganxorcielebis xelSewyobis mizniT TanamSromlobs

Sesabamis saxelmwifo organoebTan.

Tumca Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi aris specialurad

trefikingis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli struqtura - special-

uri operatiuli departamentis, trefikingTan da ukanono

migraciasTan brZolis sammarTvelo da aseve funqcion-

irebs erTiani sainformacio banki.

erTiani sainformacio banki Seiqmna àdamianiT vaWro-

bis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb~ saqarTve-

los kanonis merve muxlis mecxre punqtis moTxovnaTa

Sesabamisad, 2008 wlis 28 dekembers Sinagan saqmeTa minis-

tris #1544 brZanebiT da Seadgens sainformacio-anali-

tikuri departamentis struqturul erTeuls, romelic

pasuxismgebelia bankis sistemur-teqnikur uzrunvelyofaze,

monacemebis xarisxsa da maT srulyofaze.

sainformacio banki Seiqmna adamianiT movaWreTa iden-

tifikaciis xelSesawyobad; agreTve adamianiT movaWreTa

Sesaxeb sxvadasxva uwyebaSi arsebuli informaciis sistem-

atizaciiisaTvis; adamianis vaWrobasTan (trefikingTan)

sabrZolvelad saxelmwifo organoTa efeqturi urTierT-

TanamSromlobis, koordinaciisa da mobilizaciisaTvis;

sistematizebuli monacemebis ganzogadebis safuZvelze

danaSaulis prevenciisaTvis; saxelmwifos mier dazarale-

bulTa da msxverplTa efeqturi da drouli dacvis, dax-

marebis da reabilitaciis xelSewyobisaTvis.

erTian sainformacio bankSi Sedis adamianiT vaWrobis

danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli operatiul-samZebro RonisZ-

iebebis ganxorcielebis, winaswari gamoZiebis da sasamarT-

lo ganxilvis Sedegad an/da saerTaSoriso kriminaluri

policiidan (interpolidan) da sxva Sesabamisi organiza-

ciebidan miRebuli informacia.

erTian sainformacio bankSi Setanili informacia sai-

dumlo informaciaa da misi gacnoba da gacema xdeba sai-

dumlo informaciis gacnobisa da gacemisaTvis saqarTve-

184 185

los kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad. dacul

informaciaze xeli miuwvdebaT da misi gamoyeneba Seu-

ZliaT mxolod saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris

mier specialuri siiT gansazRvrul Tanamdebobis pirebs

da aseve adamianiT vaWrobis msxverpls an dazaralebuls,

kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, mxolod maT Sesaxeb arsebul

informaciaze.[100]

kvlevam dagvanaxa, rom aucilebelia informaciis kon-

fidencialurobis dacvis arsebuli meqanizmis - ~sainfor-

macio bankis~ daxvewa da specialuri daSvebis kompiuter-

uli sistemebis danergva, ara mxolod Sinagan saqmeTa

saministroSi, aramed yvela im dawesebulebebSi Tu orga-

nizaciaSi, sadac xdeba xSiri kontaqti am kategoriis

adamianebTan, raTa msxverplis irgvliv arsebuli infor-

macia xelmisawvdomi iyos pirTa ukiduresad viwro

wrisTvis da cnobili iyos yovel etapze, Tu konkretu-

lad vin dainteresda ama Tu im imformaciiT. radgan, Cveni

azriT, informaciis gaJonvis SesaZlebloba msxverplSi

warmoSobs SiSs, uqrobs TviTidentifikaciis da daxmare-

bis miRebis survils da seriozulad laxavs am kategori-

is pirTa uflebebsa da Rirsebas.

rac Seexeba specialuri operatiuli departamentis,

trefikingTan da ukanono migraciasTan brZolis sammarTve-

los muSaobas, mis efeqturobaze SeiZleba vimsjeloT

gatarebuli muSaobis amsaxveli statistikuri monace-

mebiT.[ix. danarTi 1]

rogorc monacemebi cxadhyofs, specialur operatiul

departamentis, trefikingTan da ukanono migraciasTan

brZolis sammarTvelos bolo xuTi wlis manZilze gamo-

Zieba dauwyia 125 saqmeze, saidanac 69 warmoadgenda tre-

fikingis danaSauls, pasuxisgebaSi miucia 63 piri, maT Soris

30 trefikingis danaSaulis CadenisTvis, daukavebia 60

borotmoqmedi – 26 trefikingis danaSaulisTvis, rac sak-

maod maRali maCvenebelia saqarTvelos realobisaTvis.

statistika aseve naTlad gamosaxavs Cveni qveynis re-

alobas. kerZod, 2008 weli gamoirCva dabali maCveneblebiT

cnobili movlenebidan gamomdinare, aseve sagrZnobia dawye-

buli gamoZiebebis sasamarTlomde miyvanis SedarebiT

dabali maCveneblebi.

rac Seexeba trefikingis msxverplTa TavSesafars, igi

warmoadgens saxelmwifo fondis struqturul erTeuls,

magram nebismier fizikur an iuridiul pirs ufleba aqvs,

daaarsos TavSesafari arakomerciuli iuridiuli piris

saxiT.

TavSesafari Seiqmna im mizniT, rom uzrunvelyofil

iqnas trefikingis msxverplTa samarTlebrivi uflebebisa

da interesebis dacva, aseve maTi daxmareba, reabilitacia

da sruli integracia ojaxSi da sazogadoebaSi.

piris moTavseba TavSesafarSi xdeba mxolod im SemTx-

vevaSi, rodesac mas mieniWeba trefikingis msxverpli/daz-

aralebulis statusi da mxolod misi Tanxmobis arsebo-

bisas, TavSesafarSi trefikingis msxverplis moTavseba

ar aris damokidebuli im garemoebaze, igi daTanxmdeba

Tu ara samarTaldamcav organoebTan TanamSromlobas

danaSaulis gamoZiebis stadiaze.

msxverpli TavSesafarSi Tavsdeba individualuri xe-

lSekrulebis safuZvelze, ra drosac mxedvelobaSi unda

iqnas miRebuli misi asaki, sqesi da sxva specialuri moTxov-

nebi. TavSesafarSi Sesvlisas msxverpli gadis samedici-

no Semowmebas;

TavSesafris mdebareoba aris gasaidumloebuli, msxver-

plTa usafrTxoebis dacvis mizniT. TavSesafarSi yofnis

vada aris 3 Tve. am vadis gagrZeleba dasaSvebia. msxver-

pls SeuZlia, nebayoflobiT datovos TavSesafari vadis

amowurvamde;

186 187

TavSesafari uzrunvelyofs Semdegi saxis momsaxureobas:

a. usafrTxo sacxovrebel adgils normaluri pirobe-

biT;

b. sakvebs da tansacmels;

g. fsiqologiur momsaxureobas;

d. samarTlebriv daxmarebas da sasamarTloSi warmomad-

genlobas (aseTi saxis daxmareba moicavs saCivrebis Setanas,

sasamarTloSi warmodgenas mowmis statusiT, TavSesafris

moTxovnas, dokumentebis mopovebas warmoSobis qveyanaSi

dabrunebisTvis);

e. informaciis miwodebas msxverplisTvis gasageb enaze;

aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi advokatis daxmarebiT uzrun-

velyofas;

v. reabilitaciis da reintegraciis grZelvadian da

moklevadian programebSi monawileobas;

da bolos, organizaciebze romelTa movaleobaSi Se-

dis sazogadoebis azris Camoyalibeba, mosaxleobis in-

formirebulobis amaRleba, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 2009-2012

wlebis samoqmedo gegmaSi maT saqmianobaze gamaxvilebu-

lia mniSvnelovani yuradReba rogorc trefikingTan mima-

rTebiT umTavres prevenciul saSualebaze.

daskvnisTvis gvinda avRniSnoT, rom saqarTveloSi sax-

elmwifo organoebTan erTad trefikingis problemas mniS-

vnelovan yuradRebas uTmoben arasamTavrobo organiza-

ciebic, tardeba mravali treining-seminari, sainformacio

prevenciuli kampaniebi da sxva mravali RonisZiebebi,

romlebSic monawileobas iReben dainteresebul pirTa didi

masebi. maTi saqmianobis mniSvneloba ganmtkicebulia

saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis da ara-

samTavrobo organizacia – `Tanadgomis~ monawileobiT

trefikingTan brZolis sauwyebaTaSoriso sakoordinacio

sabWos SemadgenlobaSi.


brZolis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi saqarTveloSi.

adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) kriminalizacia

saqarTveloSi 2003 wels sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi

1431 da 1432 muxlebis SetaniT ganxorcielda. amis aucile-

bloba mas Semdeg dadga, rac saqarTvelos xelisuflebam

gaeros da evrosabWos moTxovnebTan sakuTari kanonmdeb-

lobis harmoniaSi moyvanis mizniT aiRo valdebuleba.[1,

306] da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis axali muxlebiT

dasjadad gamocxadda adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) mi-

marTuli srulwlovani adamianebis winaaRmdeg da calke

arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi).

2006-2008 wlebSi sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobam

kvlav ganicada cvlilebebi. Sesworebebi Sevida arsebul

muxlebSi da aseve 2007 wels sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss

daemata kidev erTi - 1433 muxli - àdamianiT vaWrobis

(trefikingis) msxverplis (dazaralebulis) momsaxurebiT

sargebloba.~[97]

cvlilebebis Sedegad adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

danaSaulis definicia srul SesabamisobaSi iqna moyvani-

li adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis

Sesaxeb evropis sabWos konvenciasTan da `transnaciona-

luri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg~ gaerTianebu-

li erebis organizaciis konvenciis ̀ adamianebis, gansakuTre-

biT qalebisa da bavSvebis trefikingis Tavidan acilebis,

aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb~ damatebiT oqmTan, ris Sede-

gadac trefikingis mimarTulebiT qarTulma samarTlebrivma

garemom sxvadasxva organizaciebis saerTaSoriso kvleveb-

is mixedviT umaRlesi Sefaseba daimsaxura.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi adamianiT vaWroba tre-

fikingis maregulirebeli muxlebi mocemulia Semdegi

saxiT:

188 189

muxli 1431. adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) (25.07.2006)

1. adamianis yidva an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva ukanono

garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve muqariT, ZaladobiT an

iZulebis sxva formiT, motacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTo-

biT, motyuebiT, umweo mdgomareobis an Zalauflebis boro-

tad gamoyenebiT, sazRauris anda sargeblis micemis an

miRebis gziT im piris Tanxmobis misaRwevad, romelsac

sxva pirze zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia, adamianis gadabi-

reba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba,

gadacema, Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT Svididan Tormet

wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis

CamorTmeviT erTi wlis vadiT.

2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili:

a) damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qalis

mimarT;

b) damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT umweo mdgomar-

eobaSi myofis an damnaSaveze materialurad anda sxvag-

varad damokidebulis mimarT;

g) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT cxridan ToTxmet


CamorTmeviT ori wlis vadiT.


a) araerTgzis;

b) ori an meti piris mimarT;

g) dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT;

d) sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi Zal-

adobiT anda aseTi Zaladobis gamoyenebis muqariT, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT Tormetidan TxuT-

met wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis

CamorTmeviT sami wlis vadiT.

4. am muxlis pirveli, me-2 an me-3 nawiliT gaTval-

iswinebuli qmedeba:

a) Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier;

b) ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis sicocxlis mospo-

ba an sxva mZime Sedegi, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT TxuTmetidan oc



SeniSvna:

1. kodeqsis am da 1432 muxlebis miznebisaTvis, eqsplu-

ataciad miiCneva adamianis gamoyeneba iZulebiTi Sromis

an momsaxurebis, danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazogadoe-

briv qmedebaSi an prostituciaSi Cabmis, seqsualuri eqs-

pluataciis an sxva saxis momsaxurebis gawevis, monobis

msgavs mdgomareobaSi an monobis Tanamedrove pirobebSi

Cayenebis mizniT, agreTve adamianis iZuleba sxeulis or-

ganos, organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergvis anda

sxvagvarad gamoyenebis mizniT. adamianis monobis Tanamed-

rove pirobebSi Cayeneba gulisxmobs misTvis pirovnebis

saidentifikacio dokumentebis CamorTmevas, Tavisufali

gadaadgilebis uflebis SezRudvas, ojaxTan kavSiris, maT

Soris, mimowerisa da satelefono kontaqtebis akrZal-

vas, kulturul izolacias, pativisa da Rirsebis Semlax-

vel pirobebSi anda yovelgvari anazRaurebis gareSe an

araadekvaturi anazRaurebiT muSaobis iZulebas. piris

Tanxmobas mis winaswarganzraxul eqspluataciaze mniS-

vneloba ara aqvs.

2. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebisaTvis iuridi-

uli piri isjeba saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT an

likvidaciiT da jarimiT.

muxli 1432. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi)

(25.07.2006)

190 191

1. arasrulwlovnis yidva an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva

ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve misi gadabi-

reba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba,

gadacema, Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT rvidan Tormet


CamorTmeviT erTi wlis vadiT.


a) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT;

b) damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT umweo mdgomar-


varad damokidebulis mimarT, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT TerTmetidan

TxuTmet wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis

uflebis CamorTmeviT ori wlis vadiT.


a) araerTgzis;

b) iZulebiT, SantaJiT an motyuebiT;

g) ori an meti arasrulwlovnis mimarT;

d) dazaralebulis sazRvargareT gayvaniT;

e) sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi Zal-

adobiT anda aseTi Zaladobis gamoyenebis muqariT, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT ToTxmetidan Cvid-



4. am muxlis pirveli, me-2 an me-3 nawiliT gaTval-

iswinebuli qmedeba:

a) Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier;

b) ramac gamoiwvia arasrulwlovnis sicocxlis mospo-

ba an sxva mZime Sedegi,

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT Cvidmetidan oc


CamorTmeviT sami wlis vadiT anda uvado Tavisuflebis

aRkveTiT.

SeniSvna: am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebisaTvis

iuridiuli piri isjeba saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT

an likvidaciiT da jarimiT.

muxli 1433. adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverp-

lis (dazaralebulis) momsaxurebiT sargebloba (8.05.2007)

1. winaswari SecnobiT am kodeqsis 1431 da 1432 muxlebiT

gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis msxverplis an dazarale-

buli piris iseTi momsaxurebiT sargebloba, romelic amave

kodeqsis 1431 muxlis Tanaxmad warmoadgens eqspluata-

cias, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis SezRudviT vadiT oTx wlamde an

Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT samidan xuT wlamde.


a) araerTgzis;

b) damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qalis

mimarT;

g) damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT umweo mdgomar-


varad damokidebulis mimarT;

d) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT xuTidan Svid


CamorTmeviT ori wlis vadiT.


a) ori an meti piris mimarT;

b) sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi Zala-

dobiT anda aseTi Zaladobis gamoyenebis muqariT, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT Svididan Tormet



192 193

4. am muxlis pirveli, me-2 an me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebu-

li qmedeba, Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier, –

isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT Tormetidan TxuT-



adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) muxli 1431 da arasrul-

wlovaniT vaWroba (trefikingi) muxli 1432 maTi normebis

Sinaarsis mixedviT identuria, magram maT Soris aris

Semdegi sxvaoba:

1. adamianiT vaWrobisas, vaWrobis obieqti nebismieri

sqesisa da asakis piria, xolo arasrulwlovaniT vaWro-

bisas – mxolod orive sqesis arasrulwlovani;

2. adamianiT vaWrobis iZulebis niSani mocemulia misi

pirveli nawilis dispoziciaSi, xolo arasrulwlovaniT

vaWrobisas normis meore nawilSi, isini am danaSauli-

saTvis makvalificirebel niSnebad iTvlebian, xolo ad-

amianiT vaWrobisas ki – ara.

3. adamianiT vaWrobisas makvalificirebel niSnad me-

ore nawilis à~ qvepunqtSi mocemulia `damnaSavesaTvis

winaswari SecnobiT orsuli qalis mimarT vaWroba~, xolo

arasrulwlovaniT vaWrobaSi es niSani saerTod ar arse-

bobs, es SeiZleba miviCnioT kanonis xarvezad, radgan

arasrulwlovani fexmZime qaliT vaWrobasac SeiZleba

qondes adgili.[5, 79]

saerTod ki aseTi dayofa adamianiT vaWroba/arasrul-

wlovaniT vaWroba zogierTi mecnier-iuristis azriT us-

afuZvloa da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es 2 muxli praq-

tikulad identuria, mizanSewonilia maTi gaerTianeba da

arasrulwlovnis an mcirewlovnis trefikingis damamZ-

imebel garemoebad gamotana.[20, 127]

rac Seexeba 1433 muxls - adamianiT vaWrobis (trefik-

ingis) msxverplis (dazaralebulis) momsaxurebiT sarge-

blobas, igi Zalian progresul da saWiro prevenciul

instrumentad miviCnieT, radgan man aRmofxvra is arsebu-

li sakanonmdeblo vakuumi, ris saSualebiTac trefikere-

bi savaraudod moaxerxebdnen sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasu-

xismgeblobisgan Tavis daRwevas. magram aRsaniSnavia, rom

jerjerobiT saqarTveloSi ar momxdara am muxlze dayd-

nobiT ganaCenis gamotana.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Tanaxmad

Tanabrad dasjadia adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) SromiTi

eqspluataciisa da seqsualuri eqspluataciisaTvis. xaz-

gasasmelia, rom am debulebaTa moqmedeba vrceldeba

rogorc saqarTvelos teritoriaze Cadenil, Sida tre-

fikingis faqtebze, ise im faqtebzec, rodesac danaSau-

lis msxverplTa eqspluatacia saqarTvelos farglebs

gareT xdeba. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia, rom adamianiT vaWro-

bis (trefikingis) danaSaulis Cadena dazaralebulis sazR-

vargareT gayvaniT sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT

am danaSaulis CamdenTa pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel

garemoebad aris miCneuli.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi 2006 wels

Setanili cvlilebebiT gaizarda adamianiT vaWrobis (tre-

fikingis) CadenisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia. 1431 da

1432 muxlebi gansxvavebul sanqciebs awesebs: minimaluri

sasjeli gaTvaliswinebulia 1431 muxliT da aris Tavisu-

flebis aRkveTa 7 wlis vadiT, maSin rodesac 1432 muxli

minimalur sanqciad 8 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas iTval-

iswinebs. aRniSnuli muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli maqsi-

maluri sanqciebic gansxvavebulia. kerZod, 1431 muxli maqsi-

mum 20 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas iTvaliswinebs, maSin

rodesac 1432 muxlis Sesabamisad SesaZlebelia uvado

Tavisuflebis aRkveTac.

rac Seexeba iuridiuli piris pasuxismgeblobas tre-

fikingis danaSaulisaTvis, igi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblo-

194 195

baSi 2006 wels Setanili cvlilebebiT Seitanes. gasage-

bia riTi ixelmZRvanela kanonmdebelma (aRniSnuli de-

bulebebis kanonmdeblobaSi gaTvaliswineba moiTxoveba

`transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg~

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis konvenciis meaTe mux-

liT), magram Cveni azriT, iuridiuli piris dasja nonsen-

sia, radgan iuridiul pirs xelmZRvaneloben Cveulebrivi

moqalaqeebi, romelTac unda daekisroT pasuxismgebloba

gaweul saqmianobis kanonierebisTvis, xolo iuridiuli

pirisaTvis saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmevas rac Seexeba

- ukanono da danaSaulebriv funqciebs igi Tavis wesdeba-

Si isedac ver gaaformebs da saerTod iuridiuli piris

likvidacia mflobelTaTvis araviTar problemas ar war-

moadgens, radgan axali iuridiuli piris registracia

saqarTveloSi Zalze martivi proceduriTaa SesaZlebe-

li, xolo adamianis vaWrobiT dakavebul organizaciebis

savaWro niSnis Rirebuleba ar warmoadgens iseT faseu-

lobas, romlis dakargvac mniSvnelovani zianis gamom-

wvevi iqneba. (magaliTad ̀ koka-kola~, ̀ makdonaldsi~da sxva

ZviradRirebuli brendebi).

adamianTa trefikingis arsidan gamomdinare, ukanaskne-

li ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi, sisxlis samarTlis

zogierT sxva muxlSic Sevida cvlileba-damatebebi SeniS-

vnebis saxiT, raTa isini SesabamisobaSi mosuliyvnen saer-

TaSoriso standartebTan da ar momxdariyo trefikingis

msxverplTa dasja maT mier iZulebis qveS Cadenili qmede-

bebisaTvis, kerZod es muxlebi da Sesabamisi SeniSvnebi

Camoyalibda Semdegnairad:

muxli 3221 okupirebul teritoriebze Sesvlis wesis

darRveva

1. ucxo qveynis moqalaqis an moqalaqeobis armqone piris

okupirebul teritoriebze Sesvla „okupirebuli terito-

riebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili wesis

darRveviT, –

SeniSvna: es muxli ar vrceldeba saqarTveloSi gadmo-

sul ucxo qveynis moqalaqeze an moqalaqeobis armqone pirze,

romelic saqarTvelos konstituciis Sesabamisad TavSesa-

fars sTxovs xelisuflebas, Tu mis qmedebaSi ar aris sxva

danaSaulis niSnebi. es muxli ar vrceldeba agreTve pirze,

Tu aRniSnuli qmedeba man Caidina adamianiT vaWrobis (tre-

fikingis) msxverplad yofnis gamo adamianiT vaWrobis (tre-

fikingis) msxverplis statusis mopovebamde.

muxli 344. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvris ukanon-

od gadakveTa (20.06.2006.)

SeniSvna: es muxli ar vrceldeba saqarTveloSi gadmo-

sul ucxo qveynis moqalaqeze an moqalaqeobis armqone

pirze, romelic saqarTvelos konstituciis Sesabamisad

TavSesafars sTxovs xelisuflebas, Tu mis qmedebaSi ar

aris sxva danaSaulis niSnebi. es muxli agreTve ar vr-

celdeba pirze, Tu aRniSnuli qmedeba man Caidina adamian-

iT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplad yofnis gamo adami-

aniT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplis statusis mopove-

bamde.

muxli 362. yalbi dokumentis, beWdis, Stampis an blank-

is damzadeba, gasaReba an gamoyeneba (20.06.2006.)

1. yalbi piradobis mowmobis an sxva oficialuri do-

kumentis, beWdis, Stampis an blankis damzadeba, SeZena,

Senaxva gasaRebis mizniT, gasaReba an gamoyeneba,

SeniSvna: es muxli ar vrceldeba pirze, Tu aRniSnuli

qmedeba man Caidina adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msx-

verplad yofnis gamo adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

msxverplis statusis mopovebamde.

muxli 371. mowmis an dazaralebulis mier Cvenebis mice-

maze uaris Tqma (20.06.2006.)

196 197

SeniSvna: sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan

Tavisufldeba piri, romelmac uari ganacxada Cvenebis

micemaze Tavis an axlo naTesavis sawinaaRmdegod, da

adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverpli – mosafiqre-

beli vadis ganmavlobaSi.

muxli 375. danaSaulis dafarva (23.10.2008)

mZime an/da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis, agreTve am

kodeqsis 182-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT, 186-e muxlis pir-

veli da me-2 nawilebiT, 221-e muxlis pirveli–me-3 naw-

ilebiT, 332-e muxlis pirveli da me-2 nawilebiT, 339-e

muxlis pirveli nawiliT, 3391 muxlis pirveli da me-2

nawilebiT, 365-e muxlis pirveli–me-3 nawilebiT da 372-e

muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauleb-

is dafarva winaswar Seupireblad,

SeniSvna: sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan

Tavisufldeba piri, romelmac winaswar Seupireblad da-

fara axlo naTesavis danaSauli, da „adamianiT vaWrobis

(trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli adamianiT vaWrobis (trefik-

ingis) msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebulebis (TavSesa-

fris) pasuxismgebeli piri.

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili mkac-

ri sanqciebisa da adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msx-

verplTa/dazaralebulTa dacvis meqanizmebis SemoRebis

paralelurad 2006 wlis 28 aprils saqarTvelos parla-

mentma miiRo kanoni adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb, romelic `gansazRvravs

saqarTveloSi adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Tavidan

acilebisa da mis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarTlebriv da

organizaciul safuZvlebs, adamianiT vaWrobis (trefik-

ingis) winaaRmdeg mimarTul RonisZiebebSi saxelmwifo

organoTa, Tanamdebobis pirTa da iuridiul pirTa ufle-

bamosilebebs, valdebulebebsa da maTi saqmianobis koor-

dinaciis wess, agreTve adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

msxverplTa samarTlebriv mdgomareobas, maTi socialuri

da samarTlebrivi dacvis garantiebs.~[96]

adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis

Sesaxeb kanonis mizani mocemulia amave kanonis meore mux-

lSi, sadac weria:

am kanonis mizania:

a) uzrunvelyos adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

Tavidan acilebisa da mis winaaRmdeg brZolis xelSewyo-

ba adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa uflebe-

bis dacviT;

b) uzrunvelyos adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msx-

verplTa dacva, daxmareba da reabilitacia;

g) gansazRvros adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) dana-

Saulze sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis

Taviseburebebi;

d) gansazRvros adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Tavidan

acilebisaTvis, mis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da adamianiT

vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa dacvis, daxmarebisa

da reabilitaciisaTvis saxelmwifo organoebis, saerTa-

Soriso organizaciebisa da iuridiuli pirebis Tanam-

Sromlobis principebi.

am kanoniT ganmartebulia mravali trefikingisTvis

relevanturi definicia: SantaJi, umweo mdgomareoba, eqs-

pluatacia, iZulebiTi Sroma, seqsualuri eqspluatacia,

monobis msgavsi mdgomareoba, monobis Tanamedrove pirobeb-

Si Cayeneba, adamianiT movaWre, adamianiT vaWrobis (tre-

fikingis) msxverpli, warmoSobis saxelmwifo, daniSnulebis

saxelmwifo, tranzitis saxelmwifo, adamianiT vaWrobis

(trefikingis) msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebuleba (TavS-

esafari), dazaralebuli.

198 199

sainteresoa am kanoniT trefikingis cnebis sakuTari

kriminologiuri ganmartebis ar arseboba da samagierod

sisxlis samarTlis Sesabamis muxlebze miTiTebiT Semofar-

gvla, rac albaT sisxlis samarTlebrivi definiciaSi

cvlilebebis Setanis SemTxvevaSi maTi avtomaturi gaziare-

bis mizniT aris gakeTebuli da SeiZleba kanonis naklad

CaiTvalos. Tu aseTi miTiTebiT Semofargvla kanonmde-

blobisTvis misaRebi iyo, maSin zemoTxsenebuli sxva mrava-

li definiciis ar Setana da gaeros konvenciaze, dama-

tebiT oqmze da evrosabWos konvenciaze miTiTeba (rom-

lebic oficialurad naTargmni da ratificirebulia

saqarTvelos parlamentis mier da, sadac es definiciebi

ukve mocemulia) savsebiT sakmarisi iqneboda da Tu es

praqtika kanonmdebelma aramarTebulad CaTvala, maSin,

Cveni azriT, mas trefikingis definiciasTan mimarTebiTac

igive principiT unda exelmZRvanela.

sxva mxriv kanoni warmoadgens srulyofil instruments,

sadac gawerilia Tu romeli mimarTulebiT konkretulad

romel saxelmwifo dawesebulebas moeTxoveba zomebis miRe-

ba. kanonSi aRniSnuli konkretuli zomebic gawerilia.

trefikingTan brZolisTvis specialuri kanonis miRe-

basTan erTad cvlilebebi da damatebebi Sevida saqarTve-

los mTel rig kanonebSi, rogorebicaa saqarTvelos ad-

ministraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi, saqarTvelos

kanoni ucxoelTa samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb,

saqarTvelos kanoni socialuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb,

saqarTvelos kanoni sasazRvro policiis Sesaxeb da sxv.

gamoica rigi normatiuli aqtebisa, romlebic konkretu-

li uwyebebis saqmianobis specifikidan gamomdinare areg-

ulireben adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg

brZolis procesSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier dasax-

uli amocanebis Sesrulebas.

_ saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa

kodeqsSi Sevida Semdegi damatebebi:

muxli 1723. prostitucia

prostitucia, – gamoiwvevs gafrTxilebas an dajarime-

bas Sromis anazRaurebis naxevar minimalur odenobamde.

igive qmedeba, Cadenili ganmeorebiT, administraciuli

saxdelis dadebidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, – gamoiw-

vevs dajarimebas Sromis anazRaurebis naxevridan erT

minimalur odenobamde.[99]

SeniSvna: administraciuli pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavisu-

fldebian adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverpli da

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431 an/da 1432

muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulze dazaralebulad

cnobili piri, Tu aRniSnuli qmedeba maT Caidines ada-

mianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplad yofnis gamo

adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplis statusis

mopovebamde. (28.04.2006)

muxli 185. saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa da saqarTveloSi

mcxovreb ucxoelTa registraciisaTvis dadgenili weseb-

is darRveviT cxovreba

saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa da saqarTveloSi mcxovreb

ucxoelTa registraciisaTvis dadgenili wesebis darRveviT

cxovreba, –

gamoiwvevs dajarimebas 5 laris odenobiT.

SeniSvna: administraciuli pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavisu-

fldebian adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverpli da

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431 an/da 1432

muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulze dazaralebulad

cnobili piri, Tu aRniSnuli qmedeba maT Caidines adami-

aniT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplad yofnis gamo ad-

amianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplis statusis mop-

ovebamde.

200 201

_ saqarTvelos kanonSi àmnistiisa da aradeklarire-

buli sagadasaxado valdebulebebisa da qonebis legal-

izaciis Sesaxeb~ Sevida debuleba, rom am kanonis moq-

medeba ar vrceldeba: a) im pirebze, romlebmac Semosava-

li (qoneba) daagroves iseTi danaSaulebrivi gziT, rogori-

caa: narkotikebiTa da iaraRiT ukanono vaWroba, teror-

izmi, trefikingi da sxva transnacionaluri danaSaulebi;

_ saqarTvelos kanonis `saqarTvelos sasazRvro poli-

ciis Sesaxeb~ meaTe muxlSi – `sasazRvro policiis saqmi-

anobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi da amocanebi~ saqmianobis

sxva mimarTulebebTan erTad naTqvamia:

e) saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvarze, sasazRvro zol-

Si, sasazRvro zonasa da saqarTvelos sazRvao sivrceSi

adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis), kontrabanduli saqon-

lis, maT Soris, narkotikuli saSualebebis, iaraRis, asa-

feTqebeli nivTierebebisa da masobrivi ganadgurebis sa-

Sualebebis gadatanis/gadmotanis Tavidan acileba, gamov-

lena da aRkveTa;

z) saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvarze saqarTvelos

moqalaqeTa da ucxoelTa inspeqtireba, migraciisa da

ucxoelTa samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb saqarT-

velos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva moTxovnebis

Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofa;[103]

_ saqarTvelos kanonSi ̀ ucxoelTa samarTlebrivi mdgo-

mareobis Sesaxeb~ Sevida Semdegi cvlilebebi:

kari II ùcxoelis saqarTveloSi Semosvla, yofna, sa-

tranzito gavla da saqarTvelodan gasvla~, Tavi II ùcx-

oelis saqarTveloSi Semosvlis, yofnis, satranzito gav-

lisa da saqarTvelodan gasvlis zogadi moTxovnebi~,

muxli 3 – principebi _

T) saxelmwifom saqarTvelos teritoriaze Semosvlaze

SeiZleba uari uTxras nebismier ucxoels, romelic eWvmi-

tanilia iseT saerTaSoriso danaSaulebSi, rogorebicaa:

terorizmi, narkotikebis kontrabanda, adamianiT vaWroba

(trefikingi), da infeqciuri daavadebiT daavadebul pirs;

(7.12.2006)

muxli 19 _ saqarTveloSi droebiTi binadrobis nebar-

Tva

1. saqarTveloSi droebiTi binadrobis nebarTva SeiZ-

leba gaices ara umetes 6 wlis vadiT saqarTveloSi dar-

Cenis msurvel ucxoelze:

z) romlis Sesaxeb arsebobs safuZvliani varaudi, rom

is SeiZleba iyos adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) danaSa-

ulis msxverpli, dazaralebuli „adamianiT vaWrobis

(trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi; (11.07.2009)

muxli 22. binadrobis nebarTvis gacemis sakiTxis ganx-

ilva da gadawyveta (17.03.2006.)

1. saqarTveloSi binadrobis nebarTvis misaRebad ucx-

oeli gancxadebiT mimarTavs saagentos piradad an ufle-

bamosili warmomadgenlis meSveobiT, xolo Tu igi imyo-

feba saqarTvelos teritoriis farglebs gareT – saqarTve-

los diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobis an sakonsulo

dawesebulebis meSveobiT. (19.12.2008)

2. am muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTx-

vevaSi gancxadebis wardgenis ufleba aqvs 18 wels miR-

weul qmedunarian pirs.

2.1. ucxoelze, romlis Sesaxeb arsebobs safuZvliani

varaudi, rom is SeiZleba iyos adamianiT vaWrobis (tre-

fikingis) danaSaulis msxverpli, dazaralebuli, droebi-

Ti binadrobis nebarTvas gascems da aRniSnuli piris

droebiTi binadrobis nebarTvas agrZelebs saqarTvelos

iusticiis saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuri adamianiT

vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebu-

202 203

lebis an procesis mwarmoebeli organos Suamdgomlobis

safuZvelze. (7.12.2006)

2.1. ucxoelze, romlis Sesaxeb arsebobs safuZvliani


fikingis) danaSaulis msxverpli, dazaralebuli, dro-

ebiTi binadrobis nebarTvas gascems da aRniSnuli piris

droebiTi binadrobis nebarTvas agrZelebs saagento

adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa momsaxure-

bis dawesebulebis an procesis mwarmoebeli organos Sua-

mdgomlobis safuZvelze. (19.12.2008)

3. binadrobis nebarTvis miRebasa da gagrZelebaze gancx-

adebis ganxilvis vada ar unda aRematebodes saagentoSi

saWiro dokumentaciis srulad wardgenidan 30 dRes.

(19.12.2008)

muxli 58. qveynebi, romlebSic SeiZleba gaZevebul iqnes

ucxoeli, da gansakuTrebuli garemoebebi:

1. ucxoeli SeiZleba gaZevebul iqnes:

a) misi moqalaqeobis an mudmivi sacxovrebeli adg-

ilis saxelmwifoSi;

b) im saxelmwifoSi, saidanac igi Semovida saqarTveloSi;

g) nebismier saxelmwifoSi, romelic Tanaxmaa miiRos igi.

2. ucxoelis gaZeveba dauSvebelia im saxelmwifoSi,

romelSic:

a) mas devnian politikuri mrwamsisaTvis an im qmedobi-

saTvis, romelic saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT danaSaulad

ar iTvleba;

b) mas devnian adamianis uflebaTa da mSvidobis dacvi-

saTvis, progresuli sazogadoebriv-politikuri, mecnier-

uli da sxva SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobisaTvis;

g) mis sicocxles an janmrTelobas safrTxe emuqreba.

3. saqarTvelodan ar SeiZleba gaZevebul iqnes:

d) ucxoeli, romlis Sesaxeb arsebobs safuZvliani


fikingis) danaSaulis msxverpli, dazaralebuli, „adami-

aniT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb~

saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli mosafiqrebeli

vadis ganmavlobaSi; (7.12.2006)

4. am muxlis me-3 punqtSi aRniSnuli pirebi SeiZleba

gaZevebul iqnen mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo uSiSroebas da sazogadoebriv wesrigs gan-

sakuTrebuli ziani adgeba.[105]

_ saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sapatru-

lo policiis debulebis meSvide muxlSi `departamentis

amocanebi~ 2008 wlis 31 dekembris cvlilebiT Sevida Sem-

degi amocana:

`saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvarze, kerZod kompetenci-

is gaTvaliswinebiT sasazRvro gamtar punqtebze trefik-

ingis, kontrabanduli saqonlis importisa da eqsportis,

maT Soris narkotikuli saSualebebis, iaraRis, asafeTqe-

beli nivTierebebis, masobrivi ganadgurebis saSualebeb-

is, da sxva kanonmdeblobiT akrZaluli moqmedebebis pre-

vencia, gamovlena da aRkveTa~;[104]

_ da bolos saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kodeqsi adamianTa trefikings moergo Semdegnairad:

ormocdameaTe muxlSi- `piri, romelic ar aris valdebu-

li, iyos mowme~ naTqvamia: 1. mowmed dakiTxvisa da saqmis-

aTvis mniSvnelobis mqone informaciis Semcveli sagnis,

dokumentis, nivTierebis an sxva obieqtis gadacemis valde-

buleba ar ekisreba: i) adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)

msxverpls – mosafiqrebeli vadis ganmavlobaSi.

da muxli 182. sasamarTlo sxdomis sajarooba

1. sasamarTlo sxdoma, rogorc wesi, tardeba zepirad

da sajarod.

3. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxaris SuamdgomlobiT an saku-

Tari iniciativiT miiRos gadawyvetileba sxdomis nawi-

lobriv an srulad daxurvis Sesaxeb:

204 205

d) sqesobrivi danaSaulis an adamianiT vaWrobis (trefi-

kingis) danaSaulis msxverplis interesebis dacvis miz-

niT.[101]

rogorc xedavT, adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingis) saer-

TaSoriso standartebis implementaciis gamo saqarTve-

los kanonmdeblobaSi Sevida mravali progresuli da

aucilebeli cvlileba, riTac moxda msxverplTa iden-

tifikaciis, maTi samarTlebrivi dacvis da saerTod samar-

Tlianobis uzrunvelyofa, iseve rogorc trefikingis wi-

naaRmdeg da mis prevenciisTvis momuSave struqturaTa

saTanado samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofa. yvelaferi miuTi-

Tebs saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mondomebaze moaxdinos

am danaSaulze saTanado reagireba, rac miRweuli Sedege-

bidan gamomdinare saTanadod unda SevafasoT.

daskvna

kvlevam da praqtikis analizma gviCvena, rom saqarTvelo-

Si bolo wlebis manZilze adamianis trefikingis winaaR-

mdeg mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadaidga.[46] warmoCinda am

danaSaulTan brZolis xelisuflebis politikuri neba,

ratificireba gaukeTda gaeros Sesabamis konvencias, oqmebs,

evropis masStabiT adamianiT vaWrobis maregulirebel

kanonmdeblobas, qveyanaSi SemuSavda sakmaod progresu-

li sakanonmdeblo baza, Seiqmna specialuri RonisZiebeb-

is ganmaxorcielebeli struqturebi – rogorc samarTal-

damcavi funqciebis matarebeli organizaciebis saxiT, aseve

msxverplTa da dazaralebulTa daxmarebis da reabilit-

aciis mxriv da aseve maTi kordinaciis funqciis mqone

subieqtebi.

miuxedavad yvela gatarebuli zomisa, saqarTvelos

moqalaqeTaTvis trefikingis safrTxe gaqarwylebulad

mainc ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos, amis Tqmis uflebas iZleva

Catarebuli kvlevebi, oficialuri masalebi da Sesabamis

saxelmwifo struqturebSi arsebuli statistikuri masa-

la. trefikingis mxriv kvlav problemas warmoadgens:

1. gamoZiebis procesSi dazaralebulis da mowmeebis

piradi monacemebis konfidencialurobis uzrunvelyofa,

rac am etapze SeuZlebelia, amitom trefikiors yovelTvis

eqneba saSualeba gavlena iqonios dazaralebulze, an im

pirze, vinc saqmeSi figurirebs rogorc bralmdebeli mxare

an rogorc mowme.

2. praqtikulad SeuZlebelia trefikingiT dazarale-

bulTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa samSobloSi maTi dab-

runebis Semdeg: trefikiorebs xSirad gaaCniaT informa-

cia msxverplis axloblebis Sesaxeb da maT SeuZliaT

206 207

Yyvela RonisZiebas mimarTon, raTa dazaralebulma uari

Tqvas maT winaaRmdeg Cvenebis micemaze. xolo saxelmwifos

mxridan ar aris SemuSavebuli Sesabamisi usafrTxoebis

garantiebi, rac saqarTvelos geografiuli da demografi-

uli simciris gamo Zalzed rTuli gasakeTebelia.

3. trefikingis msxverpl sxva qveynis moqalaqeebs, rom-

lebic imyofebian saqarTvelos teritoriaze da romelT-

ac metwilad ar aqvT piradobis damadasturebeli doku-

mentebi, sirTuleebi eqmnebaT saqarTveloSi maTi kanon-

ieri yofnis uzrunvelyofis procesSi, notariul biuroeb-

Si momsaxurebisas, samuSaoze mowyobisas da a.S.

4. trefikingiT dazaralebulTa saadvokato dacvis

gamocdilebis ararseboba.

5. dazaralebulis piradi monacemebis konfidencialu-

roba irRveva aseve msxverplTa samSobloSi dabrunebis

Semdeg, im SemTxvevaSi Tu tranzitis an daniSnulebis

qveynebis saxelmwifo struqturebi msxverplis warmoSobis

qveyanaSi agzavnian pirovnebis Sesaxeb informaciis Semcvel

dokumentebs, rac ewinaaRmdegeba saerTaSoriso kanonmde-

blobas.

6. seriozuli problemebi arsebobs trefikingiT daza-

ralebulTa identifikaciis sferoSi da kanonmdeblobis

Sesaxeb informirebulobis TvalsazrisiT. amas adasturebs

is faqti, rom ramodenime SemTxvevaSi trefikingiT daz-

aralebulebi sazRvris aralegaluri gadakveTis braldeb-

iT aRmoCndnen cixeSi, radgan samarTaldamcavi organoebis

warmomadgenlebma, advokatebma da mosamarTleebma ar

moaxdines maTi identifikacia da maT mimarTebiT ar gamo-

iyenes kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli debulebebi, riTac daar-

Rvies kanoni da trefikingis msxverplTa dacvis saerTa-

Soriso standartebi.

kvlevis Tanaxmad adamianiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZo-

la SeiZleba warmatebuli iyos mxolod kompleqsuri

zomebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic pirobiTad SeiZleba daiyos

zogad da specialur nawilebad.

zogad zomebSi moiazreba:

1. qveynis saerTo aRmSenebloba da ekonomikuri donis

gaumjobeseba;

2. Sromis anazRaurebis da socialuri dacvis RonisZ-

iebebis evropis standartebamde miyvana;

3. mosaxleobis ganaTlebis donis amaRleba.

specialur RonisZiebebis ganekuTvneba:

1. qveyanaSi arsebuli `seqsindustriis” Seswavla da

prostituciasTan brZolis saxelmwifo politikis Camoya-

libeba;

2. arasrulwlovanTa da gansakuTrebiT Cvil bavSvTa

gaSvilebis da sazRvargareT gayvanis mkacri kontroli,

raTa ar moxdes maTi ucxo saxelmwifoebSi gayidva;

3. sazRvarze kontrolis axali meTodebis danergva, raTa

moxdes yoveli moqalaqis sazRvarze gadasvla-gadmosvlis

aRricxva da kontroli, savaraudo msxverplTa raodenobis

dadgenisTvis da pirTa wris identificirebisaTvis;

4. yoveli saqarTvelos moqalaqis ucxo qveynis teri-

toriaze saqmianobis registracia da monitoringi peri-

odul safuZvelze, raTa pirovnebis gauCinarebis SemTx-

vevaSi moxdes Sesabamisi reagireba;

5. sazogadoebaSi adamianiT vaWroba trefikingze swori

warmodgenebis dasanergad specialuri saganmanaTleblo

da sainformacio RonisZiebebis gatareba, literaturis

gavrceleba, radgan rogorc kvlevam cxadhyo, mosaxleo-

bis umravlesoba ver axdens adamianiT vaWrobis swor

identificirebas;

6. sabuTebis gayalbebisgan daculobis maqsimaluri stan-

dartebis danergva, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli yalbi

da sxvisi dokumentebiT sazRvris gadalaxva;

208 209

7. qalTa rogorc trefikingis msxverplTa umravleso-

bisTvis specialuri prevenciuli zomebis SemuSaveba;

8. prostituciis legalur CarCoebSi moqceva, raTa

moxdes aq dasaqmebul pirTa dacva, kontroli rogorc

samarTlebrivad ise janmrTelobis.

9. turistuli saagentoebis saqmianobis mkacri kontro-

li, gansakuTrebiT sazRvargareT dasaqmebis SemTavazebe-

li organizaciebis saqmianobis monitoringi, radgan

saqarTvelos moqalaqeTaTvis ucxoeTSi legaluri dasaqme-

ba TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.

10. samarTaldamcavi struqturebis, sakonsulo dawese-

bulebaTa da sagareo saqmeTa saministros TanamSromleb-

is, mosamarTleebisa da advokatebis profesionaluri donis

amaRleba.

11. kanonmdeblobaSi saerTaSoriso normebis (standart-

ebis) Sesabamisi Sesworebebis Setanisa da harmonizaciis

lobireba.

12. trefikingiT dazaralebulTa mowmeebis konfiden-

cialobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT dacvis programis miRe-

ba sasamarTlo gamoZiebisas, sasamarTlo darbazSi Sesv-

lisas, gamosvlisas da a.S.

13. trefikingiT dazaralebulTa identificirebul msx-

verplTa materialuri daxmarebis aRmoCena uSualod iden-

tifikaciis Semdeg miuxedavad imisa, miscemen Tu ara isini

Cvenebas trefikiorebis winaaRmdeg, raTa maT Seumsubuq-

deT adaptaciis procesi samSobloSi dabrunebisas.

14. saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa Sesabam-

isad trefikingiT dazaralebulTa referaluri meqanizme-

bis optimizacia maTi piradi monacemebis konfidencialo-

bis dacvis mizniT.

15. trefikingis msxverplTaTvis samSobloSi dasabrune-

beli dokumentebis miRebis proceduris gamartiveba; maT

aseve ar unda gadaixadon sakonsulo mosakrebeli/Sesa-

tani.

16. arasamTavrobo da saxelmwifo struqturebs Soris

TanamSromlobis racionaluri meqanizmebis Seqmna.

17. adamianebiT vaWrobasTan (trefikingTan) brZolis

sferoSi arsebuli miRwevebis indikatorebma unda gazar-

dos dazaralebulTa gamovlena da unda iyos ufro xarisx-

obrivi, vidre raodenobrivi; aucileblad iqnas gamoyeneb-

uli monacemTa analizis korelaciuri meTodebi.

18. adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTaTvis

motivaciis gazrda, raTa maT mimarTon samarTaldamcav

organoebs reagirebisTvis, arsebuli msxverplTa kompen-

saciis, romelic 2009 wels 1000 lars Seadgenda, iseTi

odenobiT gazrda, rom pirovnebas ubiZgos TviTidenti-

fikaciisken.[102]

rogorc kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, miuxedavad miRweuli

Sedegebisa – ris mixedviTac saqarTvelo iricxeba trefik-

ingTan mebrZol lider saxelmwifoTa Soris, gasakeTebe-

li kidev bevria da Tu gaviTvaliswinebT adamianTa tre-

fikingis bunebas, mis mravalsaxovnebas da im garemoebas,

rom saxelmwifos ekonomikuri warmateba ar warmoSobs misgan

daculobis garantias da mxolod qveynisTvis statusis

Secvlis pirobas warmoadgens – msxverplTa warmoSobis

saxelmwifodan, msxverplTa eqspluataciis saxelmwifosk-

en - da piriqiT ganviTarebul qveynebSi adamianiT vaWroba

ufro did da saSiS masStabebs da formebs iRebs, mivalT

im daskvnamde rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier ga-

tarebuli RonisZiebebi, romlebic warmatebulad SeiZleba

CaiTvalos, jer kidev brZolis dasawyisia.

210 211

daskvniTi rekomendaciebi

Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad miRebulia Semdegi reko-

mendaciebi:

1. kvlevam gamoavlina saqarTvelosTvis aqtualuri eqsp-

luataciis saxeobebi, romlebic trefikingis kuTxiT mome-

tebul saSiSroebas warmoadgenen qveynisaTvis. esenia: Cvili

bavSvebiT vaWroba da qalTa prostitucia. kvlevis mixed-

viT, saxelmwifom mxolod 2009 wels miapyro yuradReba

arasrulwlovnebiT vaWrobis problemas da garkveuli warma-

tebebic aqvs masTan brZolis saqmeSi, rasac ver vityviT

prostituciaze. Cveni rekomendacia am mxriv iqneboda:

_ arasrulwlovnebis kuTxiT, Cvili bavSvebis sazRvar-

gareT gaSvilebis sruli akrZalva da sazRvarze aras-

rulwlovnebis gadaadgilebis mkacri kontroli. Sesabam-

isad, saWiroeba moiTxovs cvlilebebis Setanas Sesabamis

kanonebSi. aRniSnuli gamarTlebulia im garemoebiTac, rom

saqarTveloSi arsebobs gasaSvilebel bavSvTa deficiti

da srulebiT SesaZlebelia, yovelma mzrunvelobamokle-

bulma arasrulwlovanma mimRebi ojaxi ipovos saqarTve-

los teritoriaze, rac Tavis mxriv gaaiolebs maTze saxel-

mwifos mxridan meTvalyureobas da saWiroebis SemTxveva-

Si Carevis SesaZleblobas, rac sazRvargareT gaSvilebis

SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia, radgan gaSvilebuli arasrul-

wlovani kargavs kavSirs warmoSobis saxelmwifosTan. aRni-

Snuli, Tavis mxriv, Cvennairi uaryofiTi demografiuli

saldos mqone saxelmwifosTvis miuRebeli movlenaa da

amyarebs zemoTxsenebul rekomendacias. arasrulwlovanTa

gaSvileba sazRvargareT mizanSewonili iqneba im SemTx-

vevebSi, rodesac bavSvi daavadebulia mZime avadmyofobiT,

romlis mkurnaloba saqarTveloSi SeuZlebelia.

_ prostituciis mxriv, saWiroa am saqmianobis lega-

lur CarCoebSi moqceva, Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis

SemuSaveba da imis mkacri reglamentacia, Tu ra saxis

momsaxureobis gaweva da vis mier SeiZleba moxdes lega-

lurad da raa mkacrad dasjadi, radgan, rogorc cno-

bilia, SeuZlebelia amgvari saqmianobis sruli aRmofx-

vra, xolo prostituciis aralegaluroba xels uwyobs

rogorc trefikingisTvis mis mimzidvelobas, aseve vene-

riuli da sxva daavadebebis gavrcelebas da warmoadgens

sxva momijnave danaSaulobebis xelSemwyob pirobas. amgva-

rad, am saqmianobis legalizacia da Sesabamisad kontro-

li gamoiwvevs sazogadoebaSi mravali problemis aqtua-

lobis Semcirebas. magram unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom

prostituciis legalizacia saqarTveloSi dakavSirebu-

li iqneba seriozul winaaRmdegogebTan pirvel rigSi

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis da farTo sazogadoebis mxri-

dan. msoflioSi mxolod ramodenime demokratiul qveya-

naSia prostitucia oficialurad daSvebuli.

2. saqarTvelosTvis trerfikingis erT-erT mimarTule-

bas SesaZloa quCis mawanwalaTa da maTxovrebis arseboba

warmoadgendes, es `biznesi” jerjerobiT ar gamxdara spe-

cialuri Seswavlis sagani, Sesabamisad ar moipoveba in-

formacia am fenomenis realuri mdgomareobis, struqtur-

isa da dinamikis Sesaxeb. magram, rogorc pirveladi

dakvirveba gviCvenebs, es asocialuri saqmianoba gamoirCe-

va maRali organizebulobiTa da adamianis eqspluataci-

is specifiuri formebiT. amgvarad, sasurvelia, rom xelis-

uflebam moaxdinos msgavsi saqmianobis kontroli da misi

minimumamde Semcireba. MkerZod, mkacri samarTlebrivi

zomebi unda gatardes im mSoblebis mimarT, romlebic

TavianT Svilebs samaTxovrod an sxva ukanono saqmiano-

bisTvis iyeneben. es zomebi SeiZleba moicavdes gamaswore-

beli samuSaoebis Sesrulebas da mSoblis uflebebis

SeCerebasa Tu warTmevas.

212 213

3. kvleva gverds ver auvlida trefikingis definiciis

ganxilvas, cnobilia, rom saqarTveloSi amJamad moqmedi

definicia warmoadgens gaeros definiciis zust Targ-

mans. Cveni azriT, aucilebelia aRniSnuli definiciis

qarTul samarTlebriv realobebTan harmonizacia. kvlevis

safuZvelze SemuSavebul iqna trefikingis saqarTvelos

realiebisaTvis adaptirebuli definicia: ̀ adamianis mimarT

ukanono, baTili garigebis ganxorcieleba, misi gadabire-

ba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, ga-

dacema, Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.” defi-

niciis amgvari Camoyalibeba gaamartivebs mis gamoyenebas,

radgan ukanono da baTili garigebebi samoqalaqo samarT-

lis mixedviT Tavis TavSi moicavs amJamad moqmedi tre-

fikingis definiciis nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul garemo-

ebebs. kerZod, avtomaturad ukanono da baTilia garigebe-

bi, romlebic dadebulia `muqariT, ZaladobiT an iZule-

bis sxva formiT, motacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTobiT, mo-

tyuebiT, umweo mdgomareobis an Zalauflebis borotad

gamoyenebiT, sazRauris anda sargeblis micemis an miRebis

gziT im piris Tanxmobis misaRwevad, romelsac sxva pirze

zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia”. Sesabamisad, am garemoebeb-

is moxsenieba definicias mxolod moculobaSi zrdis da

arTulebs mas. rac Seexeba adamianis yidva-gayidvis moux-

seneblobas, es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom adamiani, samo-

qalaqo samarTlis Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba iyos legaluri

vaWrobis obieqti da Sesabamisad, es qmedebebic erTiande-

ba ukanono garigebis cnebis qveS.

4. Semdegi rekomendacia exeba sisxlis samarTlis kod-

eqss, kerZod mis 1431, 1432 da 1433 muxlebs, sadac mocemulia

trefikingis saqarTvelos kanondeblobiT dadgenili defi-

nicia da Sesabamisi sanqciebi. Cven viziarebT mosazrebas,

rom kodeqsSi trefikingis muxlebis - 1431, 1432 - dayofa

adamianiT vaWrobad da arasrulwlovnebiT vaWrobad us-

afuZvloa da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es ori muxli

praqtikulad identuria, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia maTi

gaerTianeba da arasrulwlovnis an mcirewlovnis tre-

fikingis damamZimebel garemoebad gamotana, radgan aseT

praqtikas adgili aqvs sxva danaSaulobebis mimarT.

5. araswored migvaCnia trefikingTan dakavSirebuli

iuridiuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblo-

bis sakiTxis dayeneba, radgan iuridiul pirs xelmZRv-

aneloben Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebi, romelTac unda

daekisroT pasuxismgebloba gaweuli ukanono saqmianobi-

saTvis. xolo, rac Seexeba iuridiuli pirisaTvis saqmi-

anobis uflebis CamorTmevas an likvidecias, es sanqciebi

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis

gamoyenebiT im SemTvevebSi, rodesac iuridili piri uxe-

Sad arRvevs wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebul ufleba-movale-

obas an eweva aralegalur saqmianobas. amasTan erTad,

unda aRiniSnos, rom iuridiuli piris likvidacias ar

gaaCnia seriozuli prevenciuli mniSneloba, vinaidan ax-

ali iuridiuli piris registracia sxva saxeliT Zalian

martivia da ar iTxovs seriozul danaxarjebs. adamianis

vaWrobiT dakavebuli organizaciebis savaWro niSnis Rire-

buleba ar warmoadgens iseT faseulobas, romlis dakarg-

vac mniSvnelovan zarals gamoiwvevda (magaliTad: ̀ koka-

kola,” `makdonaldsi” da sxva ZviradRirebuli brendebi).

isini xSirad icvlian saxelwodebas da iuridiul misa-

marTs aralegaluri saqmianobis dafarvis mizniT.

6. naSromSi momdevno rekomendacia exeba trefikingis

stadiebs, kerZod, msxverplTa rekrutirebas. kvlevam aCvena,

rom saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis rekrutireba ar xdeba im

meTodebiTa da formebiT, romlebiTac is 10-15 wlis win

xorcieldeboda. teqnologiebis ganviTareba (kerZod, inter-

214 215

netisa) saSualebas iZleva rekrutireba distanciurad,

sazRvargareTidan ganxorcieldes. am tendenciis gasanei-

tralebel erTaderT xelmisawvdom saSualebad migvaCnia

qveynis sasazRvro gamSveb punqtebze, savizo dawesebu-

lebebSi da zogadad iseT specializebul dawesebulebeb-

Si, sadac qveynis datovebis msurvelT uwevT moZraoba,

moxdes permanentuli, TvalsaCino antitrefikinguli sain-

formacio RonisZiebebis gatareba risk-jgufis wevrTa maqsi-

maluri informirebis mizniT. agreTve kargi iqneboda, rom

18-21 wlamde axalgazrdebis sazRvargareT gamgzavreba Sesa-

Zlebeli iyos mxolod mSoblebis werilobiTi TanxmobiT.

7. rac Seexeba trefikingis msxverplTa reviqtimizaci-

is, aseve meoradi viqtimizaciis problemas da maT gada-

saWrelad SemuSavebul rekomendaciebs, unda iTqvas, rom

maTi Tavidan acilebisTvis saxelmwifoebSi moqmedeben

specializirebuli trefikingis msxverplTa daxmarebisa

da dacvis saxelmwifo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi,

romlebic dazaralebulebs uzrunvelyofen finansurad,

sacxovrebliT da axali piradobis damadasturebeli

dokumentebiT. Cveni azriT, aseT dawesebulebebis da-

finanseba ar SeiZleba xorcieldebodes wlis manZilze

winaswar gansazRvruli biujetis gamoyofiT, radgan aravin

icis ramdeni msxverplis identificireba moxdeba konkre-

tul wels. am miznebisaTvis aucilebelia alternatiuli

wyaroebis gamoyeneba, rogoric SeiZleba iyos trefikere-

bisaTvis CamorTmeuli qoneba, saproceso garigebebidan

Semosuli Tanxebi an jarimebi. am midgomis ganxorcieleb-

is realurobas amyarebs sasamarTlo statistika, romel-

ic gviCvenebs trefikingis saqmeebze gamotanili ganaCenebiT,

jarimis saxiT, dakisrebuli saxsrebis did moculobas -

2009 wels, pirveli aTi Tvis mdgomareobiT, mxolod ja-

rimebiT dakisrebuli iyo saerTo jamSi 261 000 lari,

maSin roca, `trefikingis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmare-

bis saxelmwifo fonds” 2010 wlis biujetiT dafinanseba

ganesazRvra 588 700 lariT.[102]

8. kvlevam dagvanaxa, rom ar xdeba saTanado doneze

trefikingis msxverplTa Sesaxeb informaciis konfeden-

cialobis dacva. Cveni azriT, es faqti seriozulad la-

xavs am kategoriis pirTa uflebebsa da Rirsebas. amitom

aucilebelia informaciis konfidencialurobis dacvis

arsebuli meqanizmebis daxvewa - specialuri daSvebis

kompiuteruli sistemebis danergva, ara mxolod Sinagan

saqmeTa saministroSi, aramed yvela im dawesebulebebSi

sadac xdeba xSiri kontaqti am kategoriis adamianebTan,

raTa msxverplis irgvliv arsebuli informacia xelmis-

awvdomi iyos pirTa ukiduresad viwro wrisTvis da cno-

bili iyos yvela etapze, Tu konkretulad vin dainteres-

da ama Tu im imformaciiT.

9. trefikingis prevenciis seriozul saSualebas war-

moadges swori saxelmwifo politikis Camoyalibeba, romel-

ic mimarTuli iqneba legaluri samuSao adgilebis Seqm-

naze saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT. dasavleTis megobari

qveynebis xelSewyobiT SesaZlebelia oficialuri samuSao

qvotebis gamoyofa garkveuli vadebis farglebSi. magali-

Tad, aseTi qvotebi Seiqmna samxreT koreasa da aSS-s urT-

ierTSeTanxmebis Sedegad 50 aTas Sromis migrantze. ra

Tqma unda, es saWiroebs saxelmwifoTa Soris CarCo xel-

Sekrulebebis gaformebas da Sida kanonmdeblobis harmo-

nizacias, ris Sedegadac mivaRwevT trefikingisa da arale-

galuri migraciis Semcirebas.

10. rac Seexeba sazogadoebaSi trefikingze swori warmo-

dgenebis Camoyalibebas da am gziT trefikingis preven-

cias, vTvliT, rom aucilebelia moxdes miznobrivi perma-

nentuli antitrefikinguli sainformacio RonisZiebebis

216 217

gatareba, romlebic SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mcire dan-

axarjebiT iseTi programebis meSveobiT, rogoricaa, ma-

galiTad Tbilisis meriis programa ~inglisuris da ko-

mpiuteris ufaso kursebi,” sadac umuSevar mosaxleobas,

romelic trefikingis mxriv mzardi viqtimurobiT gamoir-

Ceva, SeiZleba daurigdes bukletebi da informacia miewo-

dos trefikingis safrTxis Sesaxeb. aseve sasurveli iqne-

ba iseT miznobriv Jurnal-gazeTebSi, romlebic awarmo-

eben gancxadebebis gavrcelebas, magaliTad: `sityva da

saqme,” Sesabamis gverdze moxdes trefikingis Sesaxeb mcire

vizualuri masalis gamoqveyneba.

11. trefikingis gamovlenis efeqturobis gazrdis mizniT

aucilebelia, daixvewos dazaralebulis TviTidentifika-

ciis da samarTaldamcavebTan TanamSromlobisTvis dawe-

sebuli kompensacia. migvaCnia, rom 1000 laris daxmareba,

romelic gaicema trefikingis msxverplze, romelic aqti-

urad TanamSromlobs gamoZiebasTan, ar aris sakmarisi

da unda gaizardos minimum 10-jer. rogorc msoflio praqti-

ka aCvenebs, jildos daweseba xels uwyobs trefikingis

msxverplTa aqtiurobis zrdas da Sesabamisad danaSaulis

efeqturad gaxsnas.

English Resume

Human trafficking has seriously endangered the 21st century world(as well as Georgia) given its rapid growing rate and volume of spread.The number of trafficking victims is increasing each year. At everygiven moment, assumed number of trafficking victims is about2.5 million people worldwide. The spheres of exploitation of traf-ficking victims have also enhanced. If at the initial stage, it was li-mited to slavery, today, in line with development of the medicalsphere, victims are used for removal of human organs (transplanta-tion) and surrogate motherhood. Human trafficking is becominga high-cost and profitable business as technologies improve.

Due to its geo-political location and hard economic conditions,Georgia is at serious risk of trafficking development; that’s why itis regarded to be a source as well as transit country for trafficking.The situation is worsened by migration of the biggest part of ourpopulation(1/5), more than a million Georgian citizens are goneabroad to find some work. Their majority are illegal emigrants,thefore, they are occupied in illegal and low-paid jobs and are po-tential victims for human trafficking.

The problem needs urgent and streamline response of the state. Itis important to create a thorough anti-trafficking policy on combatof human trafficking and on identification, protection and rehabilita-tion of victims. Trafficking found reflection in the legislation of Geor-gia and other countries only in the 21st century, which gives usground to doubt the completion of the current legislation and to pro-mote the actions for development of anti-trafficking policy and re-spectively, legislation. For this purpose, we do believe, it is impor-tant to identify reasons, conditions and prevention methods of thisphenomenon which on its side, is a subject of The Criminology.

Topicality of this work is conditioned by recent increase of hu-man trafficking rates supported by modern economic situation

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where economy depends on human resource and availability of la-bour and its price determines competitiveness of produce and re-spectively, its profitability on the market. In the developed statesof the globe, local legal labour costs much thus making some occu-pations uneconomical; besides, not all legal labour agrees to dolow-paid jobs. All the aforementioned results in the increased de-mand on cheap labour which cannot remain unnoticed by orga-nized criminal groups. They have a good knowledge of the eco-nomic situation and try to develop criminal directions which in-volve less risk and can bring much profit with little investments.These organizations use their own international distirbution net-works of arms and drug traffic and have contributed to develop-ment of trafficking as the fastest growing criminal industry in theworld. Consequently, trafficking has become the third biggest tran-snational criminal business by volume of illicit income after theillegal arms industry as the second largest and the drug-trade as thefirst. This business provides trafficking of human beings from lessdeveloped regions to ‘’welfare” states”, such as West Europeancountries and South-East Asia. At the beginning of the 21st centu-ry, study of this negative business and its eradication became themost actual issues for research.

In recent period, human trafficking has captured the whole world,it has affected much more countries than ever. Together with growthof economic disparities among world countries, development oftransport communications, especially airshipping has also contrib-uted to increase of trafficking rates. Today, transportation all aroundthe globe is not a problem any more; it takes only 16 hours of flyfrom Tbilisi to New York, unlike previous centuries when fewmonths of dangerous journey was needed to cover this distance.

Developing countries are mainly source countries from wherevictims are transfered through transit countries or directly to thedestination state for exploitation purposes. Apparently, trafficking

is a crime from which even the highly-developed country cannotbe insured; Development level simply transforms the country fromsource into exploiting state.

Book Content

First Chapter – dedicated to human trafficking as a major sub-ject of criminological survey.

The first paragraph of the referred chapter provides brief his-toric outline on the origin and spread of trafficking-related crimein Georgia and generally, on the globe. In this respect, the researchreviews extracts from Bible, Hammurabi laws, Rome Empire His-tory, the novel - Spartak, works of Cavin Bailys, Ron Soodalter,Stephan Oath on the history of slavery in America. It makes con-clusions that human trafficking and slavery were familiar to thesociety of any formation.

With regard to human trafficking history in Georgia, we havereviewed a set of juridical books by the King Vakhtang VI, partic-ularly, the book - Greek Law and its article “On Sale of Children”,which says: “Where someone sells his own offspring, either a girlor a boy for poverty reasons, it is deemed to be a trade”. The workalso applied a collection of legal books by Bekha-Agbuga, accord-ingly to which the main reasons for enslavement in Georgia weredebts, defeat in the war or in the direct fight with rival. The readerswill also find story about the measures taken by David Dadiani,Prince of Mingrelia, against human trade. Accordingly to the re-ferred work, slave trade became massive and extremely dangerousin Georgia in the 15th and 16th centuries. Jean Chardin, a Frenchtraveler informs that only from Mingrelia, more than 3000 (threethousand) captives were transfered to Persia every year. Famousscholar, Charles Darwin wrote: “Persian blood has been ennobledby the blood of two nations – Georgians and Cherkhesians who aremore beautiful people than others. You can’t find a single Persian

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Noble whose mother would not be an offspring of the Georgian orCherkhezian family”. The paragraph also refers to the achievementsof trafficked Georgians in various counrties, especially in Egyptwhere they could even be found among the governors of the coun-try in the years of 1318-1517.

We could not pass by the activities of those Georgian feudalswho were concerned only with their own welfare and didn’t careabout the fate of their serfs. Let us look at what famous Georgianscholar Ekvtime Takaishvili said about these feudals: King Ale-ksander (1683-1695) – “indecent, evil, trader of slaves”, MamiaGurieli – “used to sell Gurian captives to Imeretian nobles”; GiorgiAbashidze (1702-1707) – “No one would dare to sell slaves excepthimself”; Giorgi Chkondideli – “Godless, filthy, graceless Sod-om, trader of slavers and filled with evil”; Svimon Kutateli – “Bish-op involved in slave trade”.

The Work pays special attention to SolomonPirveli’s work; hewas the first to introduce laws against slave trade “He eradicatedthe two biggest crimes in Imereti: murder and kidnapping of hu-mans”. He was the first to establish Law of Cathalocosis by which,for the first time in history, human trafficking became subject toputting to death. The paragraph also mentions violant actions ofpeasants against slave traders.

The paragraph has a separate section on changes in the Geor-gian reality in the aftermath of Russian occupation in 1802, as aresult of which Georgian laws were cancelled and Russian rulewas introduced finally bringing an end to slave trade by feudals.However, instead, North Caucasian people became active and theybegan attacking and destroying Georgian villages and kidnappinglocals. In later times, throughout the whole Soviet period, humantrade was practically extinguished owing to a powerful State, strictcontrol mechanisms, closed borders, improvement of social-mate-rial living conditions and employment of people.

Quite an important part of the paragraph is dedicated to the de-velopments in the post-Soviet period, such as impoverishment ofthe population (the level of life decreased by 7 times from 1988 to1998, GDP per capita – reduced from USD 2 250 to 370, resultingin mass poverty, almost 80% of the population fell beyond the pov-erty line; avarage salaries were much less than the living wage,about USD 50 per month), deterioration of criminological state,weakening of state government and rapid migration of Georgians(more than a million Georgian citizens migrated in the hope of abetter life; they are mostly occupied in illegal and low-paid jobsthus falling under the attention of traffickors).

And finally, accordingly to the paragraph, trafficking in humanbeings was condemned only in the 20th century as a follow-up ofdemocratic transformation, i.e. recognition of human rights, hu-man equality and labour rights. This is when anti-trafficking ac-tions began and trafficking was put within the frames of criminal(it was not an ordinary event any more). In the same period, humanenslavement and trafficking instruments changed too; today vic-tims are trafficked mainly by deception and coercion, lack of ex-penses results in decrease of price of the victim, respectively, mo-tivation to leave the victim alive also weakens. . .

The second paragraph of the first chapter analyzes the con-cept of trafficking in the perspective of international legal acts andGeorgian legislation.

There are all international conventions or agreements related tothe thesis topic reviewed in the paragraph, particularly,

1. May 18, 1904, International Agreement for the Suppres-sion of the White Slave Traffic”.

2. May 4, 1910, International Agreement for the Suppressionof the White Slave Traffic”.

3. September, 30, 1921, International Convention for theSuppression of the Traffic in Women and Children

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4. 1926 Slavery Convention5. 1930 Forced labout Convention, ILO6. October 11, 1933, International Convention for the Sup-

pression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age7. December 10, 1948, Universal Declaration of Human Rights8. 1949 Geneva Convention “On Human Trade and suppres-

sion of exploitation of prostitution by the third person9. November 15, 2000, UN Convention on Transnational Or-

ganized Crime and its supplementing protocol “To Prevent, Sup-press and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women andChildren”, adopted on December 12, 2000.

10. May 16, 2005, European Council Convention on Actionagainst Trafficking in Human Beings, adopted in Warsaw.

The paragraph presents detailed analysis of definitions of theterm - trafficking by UN, EU and Criminal Code of Georgia.

The thesis provides proposed amendments to the Georgian def-inition of trafficking- trafficking means “implementing illicit, an-nulled deal against a human person, his/her deception, transfer,concealment, recruitment, transportation, hand over, harboring or/and receipt for the purpose of exploitation”. This kind of definitionwould make it easily comprehensible because by Civil Law ofGeorgia, illicit and annulled deals already include circumstancesconsidered under the current definition of trafficking. Particularly,deals automatically become annulled and illicit if they were madeby “menace, violence or other form of coercion, kidnapping, black-mailing, cheating, deception, ill usage of helpless condition or powerby giving or receiving money for getting consent of the person whocan influence the other person”. Respectively, mentioning of thesecircumstances makes the definition much longer and complicated.With regard to not mentioning human trade, according to the CivilLaw of Georgia, human trade cannot be subject of legal trade, there-fore, these actions also fall under the concept of illicit deals.

Hereby, it is also mentioned that although the concept of traf-ficking was grasped in the legislation of Georgia short time ago,the latter didn’t stay behind international standards and managedto fully harmonise national legislative base with international stan-dards within very limited time, deserving the highest assessmentsof world societies and experts and becoming one of the leader coun-tries in anti-trafficking fight.

Second Chapter – dedicated to the current state and statisticsof trafficking.

The First paragraph of the second chapter analyzes traffick-ing stages, particularly, recruitment, transportation of victim (in-cluding crossing of international borders) and victim exploitation(illegal exploitation of human resources for profit gaining purpos-es).

Accordingly to the referred paragraph, recruitment of victimsfor exploitation abroad are relatively rare on the territory of Geor-gia, becuase Georgian citizens manage to cross borders themselves,with their own resources and without any mediators; however, theyare affected by trafficking in destination countries. Interestingly,lack of recruitment cases doesn’t mean it is a small-scale problem,it is just characterized with high latency level. Not only criminalgroups are involved in recruitment of victims, but also indepen-dently working physical persons. Sometimes they have officiallyregistered legal firms or work illegally. Recrutiment of victims byphysical persons has some specitifics. They either act intentionallyacknowledging what will happen to people recruited by them, orunintentionally. Sometimes, they even become victims themselves.

The paragraph reviews differences and similarities betweensmuggling and trafficking of humans in much detail. As it states,any action which begins in the form of smuggling of migrants mightresult into human trafficking. Thereby, you will also find four ma-jor features differentiating smuggling and trafficking of migrants,

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they are – person’s consent, fact of exploitation, transnationality ofthe action and source of profit. The stress is laid on the responsibil-ity of person who crossed borders illicitly –as far as smuggling ofmigrants is concerned, person who crossed borders illegally is ful-ly responsible against the law. As for trafficked victim, s/he is re-leased from such responsibility.

The paragraph outlines methods and tools by which traffickingvictims are transfered. Unlike Georgia, there is a worldwide trendof transfering victims illegally and secretly, putting their lives atrisk. Many victims even die during the travel, as claimed by USstatistics. This problem is not very actual in Georgia, because anyforeign citizen can get Georgian visa on the border check-pointand Georgian citizens can get visas to enter neighbour countries(excluding Russian Federation) too, without any necessity of se-cret transfer. The referred fact obviously makes Georgia attractiveto becoming a transit state for victims which is also supported byits geo-political location.

The paragraph provides in-depth overview of the final stage oftrafficking, i.e. victim exploitation which means illicit use of hu-man resources for profit-gaining purposes. It is exploitation of hu-man labour and exploitation of physiological parameters of theworkforce. Labour exploitation can be physicial and intellectual.As far as exploitation of physiological parameters are concerned,it mainly means exploitation of human as a donor or his/her com-mercial reproduction, i.e. organ transplantation or surrogate moth-erhood.

The paragraph scrupulously describes different forms of exploi-tation. Special accent is made on forceful involvement of victimsin military conflicts, especially, on problems related to ”Child sol-diers” and organ transplantation matters. Hereby, readers will alsohear about the new direction of using trafficking victims – ritualtorture. Victims are not captured for some form of exploitation or

organ removal, they are used for torture in various satanist or sadistrituals.

And finally, the paragraph underlines the fact that unrevealedcases of some forms of trafficking doesn’t mean they have nevertaken place. Georgian mentality, fear of victim isolation from thesociety and respectivly, high latency of this type of crime shall beconsidered.

The second paragraph of the second chapter reviews traffick-ing victim subjects and their victimity. It presents findings of sur-veys accordingly to which 66% of victims are women and at thesame time, they make quite a big portion of exploiters. The sphereswhere victims are exploited are also indicated.

Quite an important part of the paragraph is allocated to the prob-lems of victimization or secondary victimization. Victimizationmeans an event where a person affected by some crime or otherform of violence will likely be subject to repeated crime or someother form of violence. Secondary (post-crime) victimization meanscondition where the person faces problem due to his/her first vic-timization. Hereby, the accent is made on contribution of govern-mental or non-governmental organizations in combating such neg-ative conditions.

Third paragraph of the second chapter analyzes the organiza-tions and categories of criminals involved in trafficking. There isan outline of various scale and level groups. Accordingly to theparagraph, structural gradation of organizations involved in traf-ficking fully complies with the major phases of crime evolutionand respectively, there are small, medium and large-scale groups.

With regard to categories of traffickers, the paragraph refers tocollectors, guides, exploiters, mediators, assisting and lobbyingpeople. These people might appear as an individual person /a groupor an organized structure and it doesn’t necessarily mean all thesecategories participate in the crime.

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The research has revealed that human trafficking in Georgiamainly bears a spontaneous character, respectively, we don’t havelarge-scale groups. These are only individual-criminal initiativesof physical persons. The survey finding confirms judicial statis-tics, accordingly to which, before 2010, the biggest group of crim-inals convicted for human trafficking consisted of maximum 5 peo-ple and the majority of court cases included criminal performanceof only one person. Physical persons or groups of traffickors sen-tenced for human trafficking were mainly involved in transferingvictims abroad, because it is almost impossible to secretly exploitvictims on the territory of Georgia, where State Government hasjurisdication. This is probably related to strengthening of GeorgianSuvereignity and its law enforcement structures.

The survey showed that functions of Georgian traffickors weremainly limited to recruitment of victims by deception and fraud.Traffickors played the role of a collector, guide and even of anassisting person. Interestingly, the survey has not identified an or-ganization in Georgia which provided transfer of victims over theGeorgian borders systematically and in big numbers. The majorityof traffickors were arrested for trafficking of only a single person,i.e. their trafficking business was not regular.

It is also interesting that in most cases, victims of Georgian ori-gin cover the costs of transportation to a foreign country them-selves in hope of legal employment abroad.

The fourth paragraph of the second chapter reviews means offorceful coercion of victims, such as: physical, psychological, eco-nomic coercion and legal relation. Actions like blackmail, threat ofphysical violence, debt bondage, legal relations occured by enter-ing into marriage, etc.

The paragraph also emphasizes the fact that in 2009, more than30 cases of illicit juvenile trade were revealed; these children be-came subject to adoption, as for buyers, their motivations are un-

known, we have not revealed whether they wanted adoption, fur-ther realization, exploitation or had some other intentions.

The fifth paragraph of the second chapter analyzes main trendsof trafficking dynamics in Georgia. It also reviews developmentsin the aftermath of the Rose Revolution and their affect on the fieldof trafficking. It is mentioned that in recent years, positive balanceof migration has been observed in the country, the number of crim-inal groups has significantly reduced; positive assessment is madein relation to the state program of scholarships for foreign educa-tion of Georgian students. The paragraph also refers to the progressachieved in general economy. The main negative factor mentionedin the paragraph is Russian occupation and its affect. Current judi-cial statistics on trafficking in Georga is reviewed scrupulously;accordingly to the statistical data, trafficking is an acute issue inGeorgia and state structures take active measures against it.

Statistics proves that the Government doesn’t spare efforts toeradicate the type of criminal which was not actual and spread tilllatest periods, particularly, infant trafficking. Based on the statis-tics, positive trends have been observed in the first 10 months of2009: not a single case was heard at Georgian Court under the Ar-ticle 1431, which indicates on low level of this crime.

The paragraph also refers to current trend observed in the judi-cial system, i.e. charging traffickors with additional financial pen-alties, the amount of which significantly increases with years. Ju-dicial statistics shows that the State is aspired to converge rigidityof punishment with heaviness of the guilt which will finally con-tribute to crime prevention.

The sixth paragraph of the second chapter is dedicated topublic opinion polling on trafficking issues carried out by Interna-tional Juridical Center of Grigol Robakidze University with thehelp of Legal Clinic. Within the framework of this study, 420 re-spondents completed specially designed questionnaires consisting

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of 17 questions. They survey findings enable us to make these con-clusions:

1. Accordingly to public opinion, it is necessary to promotestate reforms and their results; people do not have any informationabout Georgia becoming one of the leaders in the anti-traffickingfield.

2. On the example of border check points, it appears that peo-ple have duly appreciated state efforts in this direction. In 2007survey, significant portion of interviewed respondents pointed tothe necessity of improving the border control, although, in 2009(this is the period when quite important reforms were implementedin border police), such concerns were not identified.

3. Population of Georgia doesn’t have a clear understandingof the trafficking concept, although they have some general im-pression about human trafficking benefiting from economic hard-ness and weakened State management and state inability to thor-oughly meet undertaken obligations.

4. Interviewees name the following measures for traffickingprevention: development of social economic conditions, openingof borders and opportunity to get some legal occupation abroad.

5. Respondents have acknowledged that any person of anygender and age can become the trafficking victim. They give pref-erence to education and need of relevant information, because mainreason for victimization often becomes fraud and deception of anuninformed person.

6. Respondents also talk about the nature of national traffick-ing, recently increased threat and the role of law enforcement bod-ies in combating trafficking – which is regarded to be insufficient.

7. Only 2% of respondents had some contact with traffickingvictim and that was partially within their professional duties. Thisfact indicates on the low level of crime or its high latency.

8. Interestingly, none of the male respondents has had anycontacts with trafficking victim and doesn’t know anyone beingaffected by trafficking. The above-mentioned puts the assumptionabout the services of trafficking victims being exploited in sex in-dustry (at least, no evidence was found to confirm this doubt inGeorgia) under the question.

9. Respondents’ age and work status parameters affect theirattitude to the problem, for instance, elder age respondents do notreckon education level to be significant for trafficking preventionand instead, they are exegerating the state role in this field. Youth,especially students, make accent on importance of person’s educa-tion level and do not refer to the role and responsibility of State.

10. Respondents rated trafficking as a transnational organizedcrime which simultaneously bears a national character.

11. Respondents do not know such an important type of traf-ficking as human organ removal.

12. Respondents do not approve the idea of making the lawstricter, which proves the common opinion that it is impossible toeradicate crime with rigid law.

13. Population of Georgia has vague impression about the vic-tim recruitment methods, therefore, law enforcement and non-gov-ernmental structures shall carry out more work in the public aware-ness sphere in order to help potential victims avoid possible dan-ger.

The third chapter outlines reasons of trafficking.The first paragraph of the third chapter encompasses reasons

of trafficking and general description of factors favourable for traf-ficking development. Similar to any other action, trafficking hasreasons as well as supporting factors. They can be grouped by dif-ferent characteristic features, such as state-political, legal, com-mon social, economic, technological, etc.

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General social reasons and favourable conditions include suchevents as: unemployment, poverty, population density, educationlevel, religious and other impressions, quality of women emanci-pation, etc.

economic reasons and conditions are: profitability of traffick-ing business for organizations involved and low quality of punish-ment; demand on cheap and special qualification labour; huge de-mand on human organs in the transplantation business and absenceof relevant supply; low indicators of expenditures necessary forrecruitment and transportation of victims and in some cases, on theother way round – opportunity to get profit from the recruitmentprocess.

State-political reasons and favourable conditions: absence ofState will or sometimes inability of state organs to combat the prob-lem of trafficking; legislative gaps, corruption and inter-countryconflicts.

And finally, technological reasons and favourable conditions aredeemd to be the following: ease of movements, development ofmobile technologies and internet-technologies and simplified spreadof information due to state-of-art technological innovations. Allthe aforementioned factors contribute to recruitment of traffickingvictims, who are attracted by fraud advertising and promises ofvarious sources, including television. High-tech surgery operationsare also seen as technological reasons and favourable conditions,particularly, the latest technologies for surrogate motherhood, or-gan and tissue transplantation.

The abovementioned factors are discussed in the context of“push-pull” theory.

The paragraph also enlists all hypotheses developed in traffick-ing textbooks and surveys on human trafficking, particularly:

a) In the context of economic development in the country:

1. The number of trafficking-affected people is growing pro-portionally to the increase of unemployment in the victim sourcecountry;

2. The number of trafficking victims is increasing proportion-ally to decrease of GDP per capita.

3. This figure is rising simultaneously to economic disparityin the source country.

b) In the context of state democratization:1. Development of democracy in the country results in de-

crease of human trafficking victims.2. Fostering women’s rights in the country and establishing

gender equality contributes to reduction of trafficking as a threat;c) In the context of other important events:1. The countries with tight migration ties with recipient states

have higher victimity than countries without such ties.2. The countries which have land border with trafficking des-

tination states have more victims than states without such borders.3. Growth of corruption level in the source state results in

growth of trafficking victims.4. Higher is the trust of people towards supremacy of law in

the source country, bigger is the probability of its resident to be-come a trafficking victim.

5. Countries which have rigid visa control with the recipientstate are less risky to originating victims compared to the stateswhich have free movemements with destination states.

The third paragraph of the third chapter outlines reasons oftrafficking and favouarble conditions specific to Georgia. Accord-ingly to it, Georgia is experiencing almost all the abovementionedproblems: we have internally displaced people, military state withneighbour country; there are two ongoing regional conflicts nearthe Georgian borders – Mountaineous Karabakh and North Cauca-sian conflict; economic situation is still very hard in Georgia; un-

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employment level is high - by 2009, workforce consisted of 1 991800 people, out of them, 1 656 100 people were employed and 335600- unemployed people; salaries are still quite low – nominalmonthly wage by 2008 was GEL 534.9 (GEL 368.1- in 2007 andGEL 277 in 2006); we have land borders with trafficking recipientcountry – Turkey; modern technologies are extensively develop-ing.

The paragraph also reviews positive developments of the recentyears, such as: outcomes of anti-trafficking measures – neutraliza-tion of organized criminal groups, development of relevant legis-lative base and state structures; better demography – increase ofthe number of populace, expected increase of live expectancy lev-el, significant growth of marriages (in 2003 – 12 696 civil marriag-es, in 2009 – 31 752) and reduced emigration level.

The paragraph makes conclusion that the government does itsbest to prevent recruitment of trafficking victims in the country.However, it doesn’t fight with illegal spheres of victim exploita-tion, such as prostitution, street begging and street vagrancy.

The third paragraph of the third chapter reviews prostitutionas one of the reasons of trafficking. Prostitution is one of the mostserious and unresolvable problems in Georgia. This direction ofcriminal sphere is distinguished by state negligence. There are onlya few cases when law enforcement bodies undertake some activeactions against it. According to the paragraph, internet is one of themajor sources for the popularization of prostitution which is ad-vertised in internet and even deals are made online. As it is men-tioned, prostitution is one of the widely spread and demanded ser-vices in Georgia, where hard economic conditions doesn’t play theleast role. As a matter of fact, women with weak perssistance aretampted to get involved in this high-cost business. Besides, so called“institute of virginity” is also one of the favourable factors for pros-titution. Georgian cultural mentality and traditions do not allow

girls to have sex before marriage; it is even regarded as an immoralact. Therefore, young men have to go to brothels and apply theescort services of individual prostitutes. We can provide surveyresults as an argument to the abovementioned, namely, only 13%of 2000 reproductive age female respondents admitted to have hadsexual intercourse before marriage and only 12 out of 2000 unmar-ried women interviewees said they had experience in sex life. Asfor men, their absolute majority had sex life before marriage.

The paragraph touches upon the negative sides of prostitution,i.e. damage of moral values and spread of infections. Even thoughthere are many different types of prostitutes acting freely in Geor-gia, it is still difficult to study whether trafficking takes place in thesphere of prostitution or not, since trafficking as well as prostitu-tion is distinguished for high latency and neither victims nor pros-titutes want to talk about their lives.

The paragraph clearly points to the positive results legalizationof prostitution can bring. Thereby, an assumption why the govern-ment doesn’t make such step is made, particularly, it concerns theeffect of Church.

The fourth chapter – state policy against traffickingThe first paragraph of the fourth chapter is dedicated to the

analysis of international standards and activities in the field of traf-ficking, particularly, policies of United Nations, European Unionand USA. It analyzes all positive elements or gaps of these policiesand positively evaluates EU decision to rate each member stateand help them in combating trafficking. Due merit is given to theorgan GRETA specially created by EU initiative. On the other hand,the paragraph criticizes the US policy which encourages states toimplement ostensible policy, i.e. a policy which is only on the pa-per in order to keep providing economic assistance for countries ofweak economy or not to charge other types of sanctions due topoor results in the anti-trafficking sphere.

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In the final part of the paragraph, convergence of Georgia withthe aforementioned standards is analyzed and the conclusión is madethat it fully complies with all current international requirements.For this reason, till 2003, Georgia occupied the last basket in thedocument on trafficking evaluation in world countries carried outby US State Department, while in 2010, Georgia has moved to thefirst basket as a country with successful anti-trafficking policy.

The second paragraph of the fourth chapter is allocated to traf-ficking prevention measures. It is mentioned in the paragraph thattrafficking is a crime which benefits from social-economic state ofthe country, weakness of state structures, legislative gaps and suchsubjective factors in the population as low education level, naivety,trust, etc. Poor and unemployed citizens who are capable of workrepresent the segment which is mainly targeted by traffickors anddeceived by various methods (deception, physical coercion, debtbondage, etc.).

The paragraph reviews such preventive activities as: organiza-tional, legal scientific, educational, informational and social-eco-nomic actions. It also outline the role of NGOs and their work inthe shpere of trafficking in Georgia.

Hereby, readers will find detailed review of state anti-traffick-ing prevention actions, special action plan (positively assessed)adopted and implemented in various years. The paragraph also con-cludes that the action plan was significantly revised in accordancewith new circumstances. From preventive measures, state focusmoved to public awareness and research spheres, which is good.

The third paragraph of the fourth chapter covers study of or-ganizational aspects of anti-trafficking bodies. It describes all statestructures specially created for combating trafficking and eradica-tion of its outcomes, particularly: interagency coordination councilagainst trafficking; coordination group working on operative-crim-inal investigation actions against trafficking; State Fund for the

Protection and Assistance of Trafficking Victims and special infor-mational bank. The paragraph also reviews work of special opera-tive department of police, division of anti-trafficking and illegalmigration and shelter for trafficking victims in much detail andwith special statistical materials. As a summary, the paragraph paystribute to the work of non-governmental organizations in the ca-pacity building sphere; they conduct a lot of trainings and work-shops, carry out informational prevention campaigns and other ac-tivities which are often participated by huge masses of stakehold-ers. The importance of their work is backed up the interagencycoordination council of Youth Lawyers’ Association and the non-governmental organization Tanadgoma.

The fourth paragraph of the fourth chapter provides analysisof current legislation in the sphere of traficking. Respectively, itreviews articles 1431, 1432 and 1433 of the Criminal Code of Geor-gia where definition of trafficking concept and sanctions for therelevant crime is provided. The thesis agrees with assumption thatit is groundless to have Human Trafficking and Juvenile Traffick-ing split in the articles -1431, 1432 -of the Code, because these twoarticles are practically identical and it would be wiser to incorpo-rate them and define traficking of juvenile or small age children asaggrevating circumstances.

With regard to article 1433 – exploitation of services of humantrafficking victims, we believe, it is very progressive and vital pre-ventive instrument because it has eliminated current legislative gapby which, traffickors would presumably manage to avoid criminalresponsibility. Although, it shall be mentioned that no decision hasbeen made on this article so far.

The paragraph criticizes the practice of criminal punishment forlegal persons since the latter is normally managed by an ordinarycitizen, who should be charged with responsibility for the legiti-macy of his/her work. As for legal entities and depriviation of right

236 237

of work, the legall entity cannot register illegal and criminal func-tions in its statute anyway and generally, liquidation of legal entityis not a problem in Georgia at all, because registration of a newlegal entity is a very simple procedure. The cost of trademark oforganizations involved in human trafficking is not a value whichwould incur much loss and damage (e.g. Coca-cola, McDonald’sand other high-cost brands).

The paragraph also reviews Law of Georgia “Against Traffick-ing”. There is a recommendation to make amendment to this law,to add criminological definition of trafficking and to delete refer-ence to the relevant article of the Criminal Law.

The paragraph also provides the list of all secondary legislationregulating the trafficking-related problems to help people interest-ed in this issue get information and analyze it.

And finally, the summarizing part of the book, The Conclusionpresents main judgments, conclusions, proposals and recommen-dations on the studied work.

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240 241

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91. saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministro. sas-

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qarTuli normatiuli masala:

96. saqarTvelos, 2006 wlis 28 aprils, kanoni “adamianiT vaWro-

bis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb.”

97. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi.

98. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 wlis 18 ivlisi #437 brZa-

nebuleba “sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – adamianiT

vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvi-

sa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondis debulebis damtkice-

bis Sesaxeb.”

99. saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi.

100. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris, 2006 wlis 28

dekembris brZaneba #1544 –”erTiani sainformacio bankis Se-

qmnis wesisa da informaciaze dasaSveb pirTa siis formu-

lirebis wesis damtkicebis Sesaxeb.”

101. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi 02/20/1998 #1251-IIs.

102. saqarTvelos 2010 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti.

103. saqarTvelos kanoni “saqarTvelos sasazRvro policiis

Sesaxeb.”

104. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2006 wlis 16

maisis # 634 brZaneba “saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-

tros sapatrulo policiis departamentis debulebis damt-

244 245

kicebis Sesaxeb.”

105. saqarTvelos kanoni “ucxoelTa samarTlebrivi mdgo-

mareobis Sesaxeb.”

106. saqarTvelos kanoni “ukanono Semosavlis legalizaciis

aRkveTis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb.”

107. saqarTvelos prezidentis, 2007 wlis 1 Tebervlis #78

brZanebuleba “adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa

identificirebis erTiani standartebisa da wesis damtkice-

bis Sesaxeb.”

saerTaSoriso konvenciebi da SeTanxmebebi:

108. International Agreement for the Suppression of the “White Slave Traffic,”

18 May 1904, 35 Stat. 1979, 1 L.N.T.S. 83, entered into force 18 July 1905;

http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/whiteslavetraffic1904.html

(24.10.2010).

109. White Slave Traffic,” May 4, 1910, 211 Consol. T.S. 45, 1912 GR. Brit.

T.S. No. 20, as amended by Protocol Amending the International Agreement

for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic, and Amending the International

Convention for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic, May 4, 1949, 2

U.S.T. 1999, 30 U.N.T.S. 23, entered into force June 21, 1951. http://

www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/whiteslavetraffic1910.html (24.10.2010).

110. International Convention for the Suppression of the traffic in women and

children, Geneva, 30 September 1921, ENTRY INTO FORCE: 15 JUNE 1922,

Depositary : Secretary General of the League of Nations. http://www.paclii.org/

pits/en/treaty_database/1921/2.html (24.10.2010).

111. “Slavery Convention” Signed at Geneva on 25 September 1926. http://

www2.ohchr.org/english/law/slavery.htm (24.10.2010).

112. Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour (ILO No. 29), 39

U.N.T.S. 55, entered into force May 1, 1932. http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/

instree/n0ilo29.htm (24.10.2010).

113. 1933 International Convention for the Suppression of the traffic in women

of full age, www.oas.org/Juridico/MLA/en/traites/en_traites-inter-

women_1933.pdf (24.10.2010).

114. United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Gen-

eral Assembly resolution 55/25 of 15 November 2000.

115. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supple-

menting the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.

116. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Espe-

cially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention

against Transnational Organized Crime.

117. The Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 (CSPA), signed into law on

December 23, 2008 (Title IV of Pub. L. 110-457) and became effective on June

21, 2009.

118. Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human

Beings. Warsaw, 16.V.2005.

246 247

danarTebi:

danarTi 1 _ specialur operatiul departamentis, trefiking-

Tan da ukanono migraciasTan brZolis sammarTvelos Sedegebis

amsaxveli statistika

daiwyo

gamoZieba

s.s.

pasuxisgeba

Si

micemuli

pirebi

dakavebul

i

gamocxade

bulia

Zebna

dazaraleb

uli

Sewyda

gamoZieba

gadaigzavna

qvemdebareo

biT

gaigzavn

a

sasamarT

loSi

s

u

l

maT

Soris

trefi

kingis

s

u

l

maT

Soris

trefi

kingis

s

u

l

maT

Sori

s

tref

iking

is

s

u

l

maT

Sori

s

tref

iking

is

s

u

l

maT

Sori

s

tref

iking

is

s

u

l

maT

Sori

s

tre

fiki

ngis

su

l

maT

Sori

s

tref

iking

is

s

u

l

maT

Sor

is

tre

fik

ingi

s

2005w

.

27 16 14 6 11 3 4 4 24 24 2 - 3 - 7 4

2006w

.

48 23 17 11 16 10 1 1 24 21 9 - 6 - 20 15

2007w

.

27 22 11 11 11 11 -- - 16 16 5 3 4 - 12 11

2008w

.

4 2 1 - 1 - - - 5 4 6 6 3 3 1 -

2009w

.

19 6 25 2 21 2 - - 8 2 2 1 3 - 10 2

danarTi 2 _ pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos trefikingis

saqmeebze arsebuli statistika

ganxilul saqmeTa

raodenoba

gansasjelTa

raodenoba

sasjelis

zoma

(weli)

damatebiTi

sasjeli

(maqsimaluri

odenoba)

2004 2 2 8

2005 8 12 1.5-9

2006 14 17 1.5-15

2007 15 22 5.5- 26 5000 lari

2008 9 12 8-30 20 000 lari

2009, aTi Tve 23 33 5-8 40 000 lari

danarTi 3 _ sociologiur kvlevaSi monawile pirTa ganSla.

asaki 20 - mde 20-dan – 35-mde 35 da meti

sqesi md. mamr. mdedr. mamr. mdedr. mamr.

jgufi

student

i

student

i

student

i

umu

Sevar

i

das

aqmebuli

student

i

umu

Sevar

i

das

aqmeb

ul

i

umu

Sevar

i

das

aqmeb

ul

i

umu

Seva

ri

das

aqmeb

ul

i

raodeno

ba 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35

mdedrobiTi – 210 studenti _ 140

mamrobiTi _ 210 umuSevari _ 140

20 wlamde _ 70 dasaqmebuli _ 140

20-dan – 35-mde _ 210

35 da meti wlis _ 140

248 249

danarTi 4 _ sociologiuri kvlevis Sedegebi

250 251

252 253

254 255

256 257

258 259

260 261

262 263

264 265

266 267

268 269

270 271

272 273

274 275

276 277

278 279

asaki 20 - mde 20 dan - 35 mde 35 da meti

sqesi md. mamr. md. mamr. md. mamr.

kategoria st. st. st. umuS. dasaq. st. umuS. dasaq. umuS. dasaq. umuS. dasaq.

1. saberZneTi; 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2

2. ruseTi; 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 2 4

3. TurqeTi; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

4. aSS; 5 5 5 4 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 6

5. dasavleT

evropa; 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

6. arabeTis

gaerTianebuli

saemiroebi; 4 4 3 5 3 3 4 4 3 6 6 3

XV kiTxvis - Tqveni azriT saqarTvelodan emig-

rirebulebisaTvis trefikingis mxriv saSiSi regione-

bia? - dajameba:

20 wl

amde

20dan

35

wlamde

35 da

meti

wlis

qalbat

oneb

i

mamakaceb

i

dasaqme

bul

ebi

umu

Sevr

ebi

studen

teb

i

saerTo

jami

1. saberZneTi; 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2. ruseTi; 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3

3. TurqeTi; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

4. aSS; 2 6 5 5 5 6 4 5 5

5. dasavleT

evropa;

6 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 6

6. arabeTis

gaerTianebuli

saemiroebi;

5 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 4

280

MIKHEIL BADZAGUA

Human Trafficking(on the example of Georgia)

mixeil baZaRua

adamianiT vaWroba trefikingi

(saqarTvelos magaliTze)

wigni dakabadonda da daibeWda

gamomcemloba `saarSi~

teqnikuri redaqtori: irina markozaSvili

Documents

mixeil baZaRua - NPLGdspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/9607/1/Trefikingi.pdf · English Resume.....217 bibliografia ... mxsneli ki ar aris; itaceben da aravin ambobs: daabrune!~.[4,