Mitigation of Pollution in Mitigation of Pollution in

Nursery RunoffNursery Runoff

J.N. Kabashima, Darren Haver, J.N. Kabashima, Darren Haver, Jay Gan, and L. WuJay Gan, and L. Wu

Mitigating Pollutants in Nursery Mitigating Pollutants in Nursery Runoff WaterRunoff Water

ProactiveProactive Participate in the processParticipate in the process

• Get involved individually and as part of an industry group or Get involved individually and as part of an industry group or association.association.

Have data before you need it.Have data before you need it. Help develop solutions and regulations.Help develop solutions and regulations. Identify and seek sources of information and Identify and seek sources of information and

expertise.expertise. ReactiveReactive

Try to figure out how to comply with regulations and Try to figure out how to comply with regulations and or litigation.or litigation.

Mitigating Pollutants in Nursery Mitigating Pollutants in Nursery Runoff WaterRunoff Water

Conduct a Self-AssessmentConduct a Self-AssessmentRunoff and NPS Self-AssessmentRunoff and NPS Self-Assessment

http://cesandiego.ucdavis.edu/Clean%5FWater/http://cesandiego.ucdavis.edu/Clean%5FWater/

Identify Management optionsIdentify Management optionsManagement Options for NPS PollutionManagement Options for NPS Pollution

http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/2017/10391.pdfhttp://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/2017/10391.pdf

Document EffortsDocument EffortsWater Quality Record KeepingWater Quality Record Keeping

http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/2017/8453.PDFhttp://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/2017/8453.PDF

Self-AssessmentSelf-Assessment

Property ManagementProperty Management Road ManagementRoad Management Irrigation PracticesIrrigation Practices Leaching & RunoffLeaching & Runoff Nutrient Assessment & Fertilizer ManagementNutrient Assessment & Fertilizer Management Integrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Pest Management

Management Options for NPS Management Options for NPS Pollution Greenhouse and Pollution Greenhouse and Container Crop IndustriesContainer Crop Industries

Irrigation Management and Water QualityIrrigation Management and Water Quality NutrientsNutrients Integrated Pest Management (IPM)Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Water Quality Record KeepingWater Quality Record Keeping

Sites Mats and Emergency InformationSites Mats and Emergency Information Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials Sanitation & Waste ManagementSanitation & Waste Management Pesticide UsePesticide Use Fertilizer UseFertilizer Use Irrigation Practices & Runoff ManagementIrrigation Practices & Runoff Management Equipment MaintenanceEquipment Maintenance Best Management Practices/Mgmt OptionsBest Management Practices/Mgmt Options Employee Training =/EducationEmployee Training =/Education Reports, Data, & Other InformationReports, Data, & Other Information

Irrigation Management and Water Irrigation Management and Water QualityQuality

Monitor Water QualityMonitor Water Quality Maximize Irrigation EfficiencyMaximize Irrigation Efficiency Irrigation SchedulingIrrigation Scheduling Select Appropriate Growing MediumSelect Appropriate Growing Medium Consider the Use of Wetting AgentsConsider the Use of Wetting Agents Reduce LeachingReduce Leaching Publications on New TechnologiesPublications on New Technologies Continuing EducationContinuing Education Collect, Treat and Recycle Open Runoff/Tailwater Collect, Treat and Recycle Open Runoff/Tailwater

RecoveryRecovery Collect Runoff from Outdoor Production AreasCollect Runoff from Outdoor Production Areas

Irrigation Management and Water Irrigation Management and Water QualityQuality

Collect Runoff from Field Drains and Non-Concrete Collect Runoff from Field Drains and Non-Concrete FloorsFloors

Further Aspects of Reusing WaterFurther Aspects of Reusing Water Erosion/Drainage Control & Water ConservationErosion/Drainage Control & Water Conservation Water ConservationWater Conservation Management PracticesManagement Practices Excess Water RemovalExcess Water Removal Pathogen Detection and ControlPathogen Detection and Control Cost-sharingCost-sharing Municipal Treatment PlantsMunicipal Treatment Plants

Irrigation Management and Water Irrigation Management and Water QualityQuality

Maximize Irrigation EfficiencyMaximize Irrigation Efficiency Irrigation SchedulingIrrigation Scheduling Select Appropriate Growing MediumSelect Appropriate Growing Medium Consider the Use of Wetting AgentsConsider the Use of Wetting Agents Collect, Treat and Recycle Open Collect, Treat and Recycle Open

Runoff/Tailwater RecoveryRunoff/Tailwater Recovery Pathogen Detection and ControlPathogen Detection and Control Continuing EducationContinuing Education

Irrigation Management and Water Irrigation Management and Water QualityQuality

Maximize Irrigation Maximize Irrigation EfficiencyEfficiency

Irrigation SchedulingIrrigation Scheduling

Irrigation Management and Water Irrigation Management and Water QualityQuality

Select Appropriate Growing Select Appropriate Growing MediumMedium

Consider the Use of Wetting Consider the Use of Wetting AgentsAgents

Irrigation Management and Water Irrigation Management and Water QualityQuality

Collect, Treat and Recycle Open Collect, Treat and Recycle Open Runoff/Tailwater RecoveryRunoff/Tailwater Recovery

Pathogen Detection and ControlPathogen Detection and Control

Irrigation Management and Water Irrigation Management and Water QualityQuality

Continuing EducationContinuing Education

Outline – El Modeno Gardens Outline – El Modeno Gardens Case StudyCase Study

How does it happen?How does it happen? Self-AssessmentSelf-Assessment

What type of mitigation practices can What type of mitigation practices can be implemented?be implemented?

Management PracticesManagement Practices

How Does It Happen?How Does It Happen?

Irrigation (carrier)Irrigation (carrier) Planting Media (source)Planting Media (source)

Runoff + planting mediaRunoff + planting media

= pesticide runoff?= pesticide runoff?

IrrigationIrrigationIrrigationIrrigation

Planting MediaPlanting MediaPlanting MediaPlanting Media

Nursery RunoffNursery RunoffNursery RunoffNursery Runoff

Runoff!

Step 1: Scrap off surface soilStep 2: Estimate potting mix contentStep 3: Analyze pesticidesStep 4: Correlation

Step 1: Scrap off surface soilStep 2: Estimate potting mix contentStep 3: Analyze pesticidesStep 4: Correlation

Bifenthrin (Talstar) in Spilled Potting MixBifenthrin (Talstar) in Spilled Potting MixBifenthrin (Talstar) in Spilled Potting MixBifenthrin (Talstar) in Spilled Potting Mix

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Sample Location

% o

f P

ott

ing

Mix

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

m g/k

g

%Potting Mix Bifenthrin

Potting Mix SpillsPotting Mix SpillsPotting Mix SpillsPotting Mix Spills

Mitigation PracticesMitigation PracticesMitigation PracticesMitigation Practices

Reduce Irrigation RunoffReduce Irrigation Runoff On-site solid removal:On-site solid removal:

PAMPAM In-line sediment trapIn-line sediment trap Collection pond Collection pond Vegetative filtrationVegetative filtration Adsorptive filtersAdsorptive filters

Capture and Recycle RunoffCapture and Recycle Runoff Treat recaptured waterTreat recaptured water

AdsorptionAdsorptionAdsorptionAdsorption

DOCDOC

DOC

DOC

DOC

DOC

DOC

DOC

DOC-

Adsorbed

DOC-complex

Dissolved

““Muddy” RunoffMuddy” Runoff““Muddy” RunoffMuddy” Runoff

104 m

262 m (reservoir or exit)

0 m

145 m

166 m

187 m

210 m

240 m

Sediment Trap

Production Area

PAM Tablets

Sediment Pond

Vegetative FilterAdsorptive filter

Adsorptive filter

Sediment Pond

Baffle system

Concrete Channel

Surface Runoff

Influent Sampling Point

Charcoal/fiber filters

Sediment Basin

Vegetative Filter

Storm Overflow

Sediment Trap

PAM Delivery

Nursery Runoff Mitigation

PAM (Polyacrylamides)PAM (Polyacrylamides)

Charged (anionic) linear chain polymer with a high molecular weight.

Granular, liquid, or tablet.

Reduces the movement of soil particles as well as associated chemicals (some pesticides and nutrients).

Charged (anionic) linear chain polymer with a high molecular weight.

Granular, liquid, or tablet.

Reduces the movement of soil particles as well as associated chemicals (some pesticides and nutrients).

No PAM TreatmentNo PAM Treatment

PAM TreatmentPAM Treatment

Sediment TrapSediment Trap

Effective in slowing flow and dropping out sediment.

Easy to remove deposited sediment.

Most effective when flow is slow and slope is less than 5%.

Can be utilized when space is limited.

Effective in slowing flow and dropping out sediment.

Easy to remove deposited sediment.

Most effective when flow is slow and slope is less than 5%.

Can be utilized when space is limited.

Sediment PondSediment Pond

Slows the movement of water entering channel.

Allows for the further settling of soil particles.

Temporary holding basin under low flow conditions.

Slows the movement of water entering channel.

Allows for the further settling of soil particles.

Temporary holding basin under low flow conditions.

Vegetative FilterVegetative Filter

Traps sediment and reduces volume of runoff.

•Canna x ‘Tropicanna’ – propagation

Removes pesticides by trapping sediment as well as providing a beneficial environment for decomposition.

Most effective when flow rate is slow allowing for evapotranspiration to reduce overall flow.

Traps sediment and reduces volume of runoff.

•Canna x ‘Tropicanna’ – propagation

Removes pesticides by trapping sediment as well as providing a beneficial environment for decomposition.

Most effective when flow rate is slow allowing for evapotranspiration to reduce overall flow.

Suspended Solids in Runoff (mg/L)Suspended Solids in Runoff (mg/L)(May 2002)(May 2002)

Suspended Solids in Runoff (mg/L)Suspended Solids in Runoff (mg/L)(May 2002)(May 2002)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

-55 0 104 166 187 210 240 340

Su

spen

ded

So

lid

s (m

g/L

)

Pond ExitSediment trap

Canna lilies strip

Bifenthrin in Runoff (ppb)Bifenthrin in Runoff (ppb)(May 2002)(May 2002)

Bifenthrin in Runoff (ppb)Bifenthrin in Runoff (ppb)(May 2002)(May 2002)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

-55 0 104 166 187 210 240 340

Bif

enth

rin

(p

pb

)

Pond ExitSediment trap

Canna lilies strip

92%

Permethrin in Runoff (ppb)Permethrin in Runoff (ppb)(May 2002)(May 2002)

Permethrin in Runoff (ppb)Permethrin in Runoff (ppb)(May 2002)(May 2002)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

-55 0 104 166 187 210 240 340

Per

met

hri

n (

pp

b) cis-P

trans-P

Pond ExitSediment trap

Canna lilies strip

95%

Suspended Solids in runoff (mg/L)Suspended Solids in runoff (mg/L)(June 2002)(June 2002)

Suspended Solids in runoff (mg/L)Suspended Solids in runoff (mg/L)(June 2002)(June 2002)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

-55 0 104 166 187 210 240 340

Su

spen

ded

So

lid

s (m

g/L

)

Pond ExitSediment trap

Canna lilies strip

Bifenthrin in Runoff (ppb)Bifenthrin in Runoff (ppb)(June 2002)(June 2002)

Bifenthrin in Runoff (ppb)Bifenthrin in Runoff (ppb)(June 2002)(June 2002)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

-55 0 104 166 187 210 240 340

Bif

enth

rin

(p

pb

)

Pond ExitSediment trap

Canna lilies strip

91%

Permethrin in Runoff (ppb)Permethrin in Runoff (ppb)(June 2002)(June 2002)

Permethrin in Runoff (ppb)Permethrin in Runoff (ppb)(June 2002)(June 2002)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

-55 0 104 166 187 210 240 340

Per

met

hri

n (

pp

b) cis-P

trans-P

Pond ExitSediment trap

Canna lilies strip

100%

Adsorptive FiltersAdsorptive Filters

Physical filtration

Adsorptive removal

Feasibility?

Fiber/Activated Charcoal FiltersFiber/Activated Charcoal FiltersFiber/Activated Charcoal FiltersFiber/Activated Charcoal Filters

Effectiveness of Filters (1 day after)

Effectiveness of Filters (1 day after)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

BF (ug/L) cis-PM (ug/L) trans-PM (ug/L) SS (g/L)

Pond Filter #2Trap Filter #1

Effectiveness of Filters (1 week after)

Effectiveness of Filters (1 week after)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

BF (ug/L)

cis-PM (ug/L)

trans-PM (ug/L)

SS (g/L)

Pond Filter #2Trap Filter #1

ReviewReview

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Behavior unknownBehavior unknown Concentrated useConcentrated use Multiple pesticides with Multiple pesticides with

varying properties varying properties

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Behavior unknownBehavior unknown Concentrated useConcentrated use Multiple pesticides with Multiple pesticides with

varying properties varying properties

AdvantagesAdvantages Semi-point sourceSemi-point source ““Mitigatable” (small) runoffMitigatable” (small) runoff Growers’ supportGrowers’ support

AdvantagesAdvantages Semi-point sourceSemi-point source ““Mitigatable” (small) runoffMitigatable” (small) runoff Growers’ supportGrowers’ support

What else?

Storm runoff conditions? How clean is clean?

What else?

Storm runoff conditions? How clean is clean?

California Department of Food & AgricultureCalifornia Department of Pesticide RegulationCalifornia SWRCBSanta Ana RWQCBEl Modeno Gardens NurseryFMC Inc.UC Water Resources Center