Misleading Data DisplaysLesson 10

Recreational Activities in Allentown

0 2000 4000 6000

Swimming

Reading

Bowling

Baseball

Movies

Live Theater

Tennis

People Per Month

1. What type of graph is shown?2. Estimate the number of people participating in each activity. 3. Which two activities are done by the most people per month?4. Which two activities are done by the fewest people per month?5. Which activity is more popular?

a. baseball or bowling b. reading or tennis c. swimming or bowling d. movies or reading

ANSWERS

1. What type of graph is shown? Bar graph2. Estimate the number of people participating in each activity. Tennis ≈ 1,500 Live Theatre ≈ 2,000 Movies ≈ 5,000

Baseball ≈ 3,000 Bowling ≈ 2,500 Reading ≈ 4,000 Swimming ≈ 3,000

3. Which two activities are done by the most people per month? Movies and Reading4. Which two activities are done by the fewest people per month? Tennis and Live Theatre5. Which activity is more popular?

a.baseball or bowling b. reading or tennis c. swimming or bowling d. movies or reading

Recreational Activities in Allentown

0 2000 4000 6000

Swimming

Reading

Bowling

Baseball

Movies

Live Theater

Tennis

People Per Month

Composition of One Year's Waste in the U.S.

metal10%

glass9%

paper40%

yard waste17%

food9%

furniture6%

plastic7%

cans2%

1. Which category of waste is the largest?

2. Which category of waste is the smallest?

3. If the total waste for a year is 200 tons, how many tons would be made up of each type?

4. What percentage of the total year’s waste comes from…

a.glass, metal & plastic?

b.furniture, cans, and metal?

c.paper, food, and plastic?

d.glass and metal?

Percentage is by weight.

ANSWERS Composition of One Year's Waste in the U.S.

metal10%

glass9%

paper40%

yard waste17%

food9%

furniture6%

plastic7%

cans2%

1. Which category of waste is the largest? Paper

2. Which category of waste is the smallest? Cans

3. If the total waste for a year is 200 tons, how many tons would be made up of each type?

Paper = 80 tons Yard waste = 34 tons Food = 18 tons Glass = 18 tons Metal = 20 tons Plastic = 14 tons Furniture = 12 tons Cans = 4 tons

4. What percentage of the total year’s waste comes from…

a. glass, metal & plastic? 26%

b. furniture, cans, and metal? 18%

c. paper, food, and plastic? 56%

d. glass and metal? 19%

Percentage is by weight.

1. What is the total spent on pet items?2. What is the mean of the 3 amounts?3. How much more is spent on food than

veterinary care?4. How much less is spent on veterinary care

than supplies and medicine?

ANSWERS

1. What is the total spent on pet items? $33.9 billion2. What is the mean of the 3 amounts? $11.3 billion3. How much more is spent on food than veterinary

care? $6.2 billion4. How much less is spent on veterinary care than

supplies and medicine? $100 million ($0.1 billion)

1. What type of graph is shown?

2. Estimate the number of pets registered for each year.

3. When was the maximum number of registrations done?

4. When was the minimum number of pets registered?

5. What is the range of pet registered?

6. What is the mean of the number of pets registered shown?

7. What is the median of the number of pets registered?

8. What is the mode of the number of pets registered?

Number of Pets Registered

0

50

100

150

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f P

ets

ANSWERS 1. What type of graph is shown? Line graph

2. Estimate the number of pets registered for each year.

2003 ≈ 120 pets 2004 ≈ 60 pets 2005 ≈ 20 pets 2006 ≈ 80 pets 2007 ≈ 20 pets

3. When was the maximum number of registrations done? 2003

4. When was the minimum number of pets registered? 2005 and 2007

5. What is the range of pet registered? 100 pets

6. What is the mean of the number of pets registered shown? 60 pets

7. What is the median of the number of pets registered? 60 pets

8. What is the mode of the number of pets registered? 20 pets

Number of Pets Registered

0

50

100

150

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f P

ets

Annual Rainfall

42.645.7

28.126.3

51.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5

Rai

nfa

ll in

Inch

es

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1. What is the maximum rainfall and in what year did it occur?

2. What is the minimum rainfall and in what year did it occur?

3. Between which two years did the amount of rainfall decrease the most?

4. Between which two years did the amount of rainfall increase the most?

Annual Rainfall

42.645.7

28.126.3

51.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5

Rai

nfa

ll in

Inch

es

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1. What is the maximum rainfall and in what year did it occur? 51.5 inches, 2003

2. What is the minimum rainfall and in what year did it occur? 26.3 inches, 2005

3. Between which two years did the amount of rainfall decrease the most? 2004 and 2005

4. Between which two years did the amount of rainfall increase the most? 2002 and 2003

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1188

Professional degree

Master's degree

Bachelor's degree

Associate degree

Postsecondaryvocational training

High School Graduate, nocollege

No High School Diploma

Median Weekly Income (in dollars) by Educational Level Attained - 2004

1. Estimate the weekly amount earned by each level of education.

2. Between which two levels is the difference greatest?

3. Between which two levels is the difference the least?

4. What is the range of incomes?

5. If a person works 40 years, what will be the lifetime difference between having no high school diploma and having a bachelor’s degree?

ANSWERS

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1188

Professional degree

Master's degree

Bachelor's degree

Associate degree

Postsecondaryvocational training

High School Graduate, nocollege

No High School Diploma

Median Weekly Income (in dollars) by Educational Level Attained - 2004

1. Estimate the weekly amount earned by each level of education.

Professional degree ≈ $1,050Master’s degree ≈ $950Bachelor’s degree ≈ $800Associate’s degree ≈ $600Postsecondary voc trning ≈ $550High Sch graduate,no col ≈ $500No High School diploma ≈ $350

2. Between which two levels is the difference greatest? Associate’s degree and Bachelor’s degree

3. Between which two levels is the difference the least? Associate’s degree, Postsecondary vocational training, and High School graduate, no college

4. What is the range of incomes? $700

5. If a person works 40 years, what will be the lifetime difference between having no high school diploma and having a bachelor’s degree? $936,000

1.

1. Determine the median weekly salary for workers with no high school diploma.

2. Which levels of education earn a median weekly salary of at least $700?

Median Weekly Salary (2004) by Education Level

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Do

cto

ral

de

gre

e

Pro

fess

ion

al

de

gre

e

Ma

ste

r's

de

gre

e

Ba

che

lor's

de

gre

e

Ass

oci

ate

de

gre

e

Po

stse

con

da

ry

voca

tion

al

tra

inin

g

Hig

h S

cho

ol

Gra

du

ate

, no

colle

ge

No

Hig

h

Sch

oo

l

Dip

lom

a

Level of Education

Me

dia

n W

ee

kly

Sa

lary

($

)

1. How many gold medals have been won by the six countries listed?

2. Which country has won the most medals?

3. How many medals has Spain won?

Olympic Medals 2008 as of 8/16/2008

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

USA China Germany Italy Mexico SpainCountry

Nu

mb

er o

f M

edal

sGold

Silver

Bronze

1. How many students have earned 10 or more credits?

2. How many students have earned less than 15 credits?

Number of Credits Earned

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 -

4.5

5 -

9.5

10 -

14.

5

15 -

19.

5

20 -

24.

5

25 -

29.

5

Credits Earned

Nu

mb

er o

f S

tud

ents

1. What is the tax for a single person earning $14,760?

2. What is the tax for a head of household earning $14,925?

3. What is the tax for a married person filing jointly earning $14,900?

4. What is the tax for a married person filing separately earning $14,600?

1. What is the average height of a 14-year old male?

2. How much has the average female grown from age 8 to age 16?

3. At what age is the difference between the average height for males and females the greatest?

1. What is the average intelligence quotient (IQ)?

2. What percentage of people are above the average?

3. What percentage of people are below the average?

4. What is type of curve is pictured in this graph?

1. How much was spent on eating out in 1990?

2. How much has eating out increased from 1950 to 2007?

U.S.A. Eating Out Expenditures (in millions of dollars)

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2007

Yea

r

Expenditures (in million of dollars)

1. What is the average weekly cost of feeding a 15-year old female?2. What is the average monthly cost of feeding a 16-year old male?3. What is the monthly difference between feeding males and females at age 14?

1. In what month was the temperature the highest?2. What is the difference between the high and low

average temperatures?3. Between what two consecutive months was the

greatest increase in temperature?

Average Temperature

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Tem

per

atu

re (

in

deg

rees

)

Distortions and Misrepresentations in Graphs

Tables and Graphs

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Consumption (lb)

Explain why the bar graph could be misleading.Because it starts at Because it starts at 1000…not 0.1000…not 0.

1.6 Tables and Graphs

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Consumption (lb)

Does this graph appear to have the same dramatic increase as the previous one?

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Consumption (lb)

Previous Chart:

1. What is the diameter of each circle?

2. What is the area formula for a circle?

3. Does the graph show that the sales doubled from 1997 to 1998? Why or why not?

Sales Increase Over Last Year

1. Is the information misrepresented in the graph?

2. If so, how is it misrepresented and how can this be corrected?

1. Which graph more accurately represents the data?

2. What situation would utilize the less accurate graphical representation?

versus

Customers in Store C spend less time at the Checkout Counter.