1

COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE L'ECLAIRAGEINTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATIONINTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION

DIVISION 1: VISION AND COLOUR

MINUTES of the 4th Meeting of theLuo Term

Thursday 14 July 2011Friday 15 July 2011

Sun City, South Africa

ATTENDANCE

Officers Ronnier Luo GB DD – DirectorMiyoshi Ayama JP AD – VisionEllen Carter US AD – ColourMike Pointer GB DS – Secretary

Country Peter Hanselaer BelgiumRepresentatives Alan Robertson* Canada

Ronnier Luo* ChinaLiisa Halonen* FinlandFran�oise Vi�not FranceKlaus Richter* GermanyMike Pointer Great BritainOsvaldo da Pos ItalyMiyoshi Ayama JapanEsther de Beer NetherlandsJan Henrik Wold* NorwayElsie Coetzee South AfricaRengin �nver TurkeyEllen Carter* USA*Nominated representative

Technical Fran�oise Vi�not TC1-36Committee Ken Sagawa TC1-37Chairs Miyoshi Ayama TC1-42

Alan Robertson TC1-57Klaus Richter TC1-63, TC1-81Janos Schanda TC1-66, TC1-74Peter Bodrogi TC1-68Wendy Davis TC1-69Bal�zs Kranicz TC1-70Mike Pointer TC1-72Janos Schanda TC1-74Ronnier Luo TC1-75Sophie Wuerger TC1-76Steve Fotios TC1-80Jan Henrik Wold TC1-82

2

Reporters Nana Itoh R1-37Li Chen Ou R1-48

Guests In addition there were approximately 24 guests present

Apologies Paula Alessi TC1-27John Barbur TC1-79Monica Bilger TC1-78Andy Chalmers NZJudith Fekete R1-36Marte K Gunde SIRobert Hirschler TC1-44, TC1-77Jack Holm R1-40Taiichiro Ishida TC1-61Changjun Li TC1-71, TC1-73, R1-42Sharon McFadden CA TC1-64Malcolm Nicholson L1-08Gerhard R�sler DEDavid Simmons R1-50Arne Valberg NOHaisong Xu CN

Total attendance: Approximately 52 persons

1. WELCOMEThe Division Director, Ronnier Luo, welcomed all those present.

2. ATTENDENCE14 countries were officially represented. However not all representatives were present for the whole of the Division meeting.

3. MEMBERSHIPThe following change in national representative was noted:

Netherlands: Esther de Beer

4. CONFIRMATION OF THE AGENDAThe Agenda, as appended to these Minutes, was agreed.

5. MINUTESThe Minutes of the 2010 meeting held in Princeton, New Jersey, USA, were approved with no amendments.

6. MATTERS ARISING FROM THESE MINUTESThere were no matters arising not covered by items on the agenda.

7. DIVISION OFFICER REPORTS

7.1 DirectorThe Director presented a quadrennial report and highlighted the following points from the activities over the last four years:

3

Terms of Reference

To study visual responses to light and to establish standards of response functions, models and procedures of specification relevant to photometry, colorimetry, colour rendering, visual performance and visual assessment of light and lighting.

OfficersDirector Ronnier Luo (GB)Associate Director (Colour) Ellen Carter (US)Associate Director (Vision): Miyoshi Ayama (JP)Secretary: Michael Pointer (GB)Editor: John Setchell (US)New editor: Phil Green (GB)

MeetingsThe Division has met four times during the last Quadrennium:

2008: Stockholm Sweden, 15 June2009: Budapest Hungary, 2 June2010: Princeton USA, 18 June2011: Sun City, South Africa, 14-15 July

An invitation has been received to hold the 2012 meeting on 26-27 September in Taipei, Taiwan, in association with the AIC interim meeting on Colour and the Environment to be held on 22-25 September 2012. The AIC meeting will be held at the Chinese Culture University and the D1 meeting at the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology. These meetings will be preceded by CIE Lectures to be held 15-18 September, and the CIE 2012 Conference to be held 19-21 September, both in Hangzhou, China.

SymposiumThe 2nd CIE Expert Symposium on Appearance was organised by Peter Hanselaer (BE), Fr�d�ric Leloup (BE) in Gent (BE), 8-10 September 2010. This formed part of the work programme of TC1-72 Measurement of appearance network: MApNet.

Publications: Reports196:2011: CIE Guide to Increase Accessibility in Light and Lighting195:2011: Specification of Colour Appearance for Reflective Media and Self-Luminous Display Comparison192:2010: Practical Daylight Sources for Colorimetry191:2010: Recommended System for Mesopic Photometry based on Visual Performance185:2009: Reappraisal of Colour Matching and Grassmann's Laws184:2009: Indoor Daylight Illuminantsx032:2007: Proceedings of the CIE Expert Symposium on Visual Appearance

Publications: StandardsISO 11664-4:2008(E)/CIE S 014-4/E:2007: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: CIE Colorimetry – Part 4: 1976 L*a*b* Colour SpaceISO 11664-5:2009(E)/CIE S 014-5/E:2009: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: CIE Colorimetry – Part 5: CIE 1976 L*u*v* Colour Space and u', v' Uniform Chromaticity Scale Diagram

New ReportersR1-48 Colour emotion and harmonyR1-47 Hue angles of elementary coloursR1-44 Limits of normal colour vision

4

R1-43 Standard deviate observerR1-39 Alternative forms of the CIEDE2000 colour difference equationR1-19 Specification on individual variation in heterochromatic matching

New Technical CommitteesTC1-70 Metameric Samples for Indoor Daylight Evaluation: Bal�sz Kranicz HUTC1-71 Tristimulus Integration: Changjun Li CNTC1-72 Measurement of Appearance Network: MapNet : Michael Pointer GBTC1-73 Real Colour Gamut: Changjun Li CNTC1-74 Methods of Re-Defining CIE D Illuminants: Janos Schanda HUTC1-75 A Comprehensive Model of Colour Appearance: M Ronnier Luo GBTC1-76 Unique Hue Data : Sophie Wuerger GBTC1-77 Improvement of the CIE Whiteness and Tint Equations: Robert Hirschler HUTC1-78 Evaluation of Visual Performance in the Real Lit Environment: Monica Billger SETC1-79 Limits of Normal Colour Vision: John Barbur GBTC1-80 Research Methods for Psychophysical Studies of Brightness Judgements: Steve

Fotios GBTC1-81 Validity of Formulae for Predicting Small Colour Differences: Klaus Richter DETC1-82 The Calculation of Colour Matching Functions as a Function of Age and Field Size:

Jan Henrik Wold NO

Closed Work2008: R1-38 Concept and application of equivalent luminance: Jasuhisa Nakano2009: TC1-66 Indoor daylight: Janos Schanda 2009: R1-44 Limits of normal colour vision: Sharon McFadden 2009: R1-39 Alternative forms of the CIEDE2000 colour-difference equations: Mike Pointer2010: TC1-54 Age-related change of visual response: Ken Sagawa2010: TC1-56 Improved colour matching functions: Michael Brill2010: R1-19 Specification on Individual variation in heter0chromatic matching: Hirohisa

Yaguchi 2010: R1-43 Standard deviate observer: Boris Oicherman

Technical Reports and Standards in PreparationTC1-36 Fundamental chromaticity diagram TC1-37 Supplementary system of photometry TC1-42 Colour appearance in peripheral vision TC1-61 Categorical colour identification TC1-63 Validity of the range of CIEDE2000 TC1-68 Effect of stimulus size on colour appearanceTC1-69 Colour rendition by white light sourcesTC1-70 Metameric samples for indoor daylight evaluationTC1-71 Tristimulus integration TC1-73 Real colour gamutsTC1-74 Methods for re-defining CIE D illuminants TC1-75 A comprehensive model of colour appearance

ReportersR1-42 Extensions of CIECAM02: Changjun Li (CN)R1-48 Colour emotion and harmony: Li-Chen Ou (TW)R1-49 Above threshold pulsed lights: Ian Tutt (GB)R1-50 3D aspects of visual appearance measurement: David Simmons (GB)

5

R1-51 Maxwell vs maximum saturation colour matches: Michael Brill (US)R1-52 Spectral data interpolation: Hugh Fairman (US)

LiaisonsL1-1 AIC (Association International de la Couleur): Paula AlessiL1-2 CCPR (Comite Consultatif de Photometrie et Radiometrie), BIPM: Michael StockL1-3 ISO/TC6/W3: Paper, Board and Pulp - Optical Properties: Joanne Zwinkels L1-4 ISO/TC38/SC1: Textiles: Colour Fastness & Measurement: M Ronnier Luo GBL1-5 ISO/TC42: Photography: Jack Holm USL1-6 ISO/TC130: Graphic Technology: Danny RichL1-7 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC28 Office Equipment: Klaus RichterL1-8 IALA (International Association of Lighthouse Authorities): Malcolm Nicholson, Ian

Tutt GBL1-9 ISO/TC159: Ergonomics: Ken Sagawa JP

CIE Directors and Board MeetingsHeld in Vienna, Austria, March 15, 2010 and Sun City, South Africa, July 9 2011.Main items discussed included:

Code of Procedure ILV (International Lighting Vocabulary) New Board Members New Division Directors CIE Office Vienna Next Meetings

New Code of ProcedureCIE Division 1 has agreed to implement the new Code of Procedure from the Sun City meeting and adhere to it in its future working practice. The Procedure is available at:http://www.cie.co.at/index.php/LEFTMENUE/About+us/Code+of+Procedure New CIE Code of Procedures has been prepared

Contains all procedures for Divisions, TCs, publications etc. Agreed TC Guidelines have been incorporated

TC operation: agreed work plan and timescales Formal review of ongoing relevance (every 4 years) TC membership: membership form, use of collaboration tool TCC: reviewed 4 yearly, serves max 8 years, clear responsibilities, annual

progress reports required TC meetings: to progress the TC work, not update non-members Publications: Clear distinction between authors and advisors.

Intention is to make the work of TCs easier, encourage more timely outputs, and properly recognise contributions made.

Drafting stages approximately aligned with those of other standards organizations: Working draft, committee draft, enquiry draft etc. Responsibilities & timescales at all stages clearly defined

Fast track procedure available for selected standards Notation, formatting etc. Numbering of publications Regular review of all publications

Marked to highlight whether still current, superseded, etc.

6

Intention is to help ensure on-going quality and relevance of CIE Publications

International Lighting Vocabulary Rigorous review via comments and voting stages

Many improvements made throughout the process More than 600 comments from NC review stage! Comments have been considered

Many accepted (sometimes in slightly modified form) Some postponed for next revision (e.g. proposals for new terms) Some not accepted (e.g. deletion of terms specifically requested by another

Division) Radiance related definitions to be finalised

Division 2 requested to decide between options proposed ILV will be published by the end of July

New CIE Board of AdministrationPresident of CIE: Ann Webb (GB)Past President: Franz Hengstberger (ZA)Vice-President Publications: Teresa Goodman (GB)Vice-President Technical: Yoshi Ohno (US)Vice-President Marketing: R. Venkataramani (IN)Vice-President: Marc Fontoynont (FR)Vice-President: Alex Stockman (DE)Secretary: Yoshiki Nakamura (JP)Treasurer: Not yet appointed

New Division DirectorsDD1 Vision & Colour: Ronnier LuoDD2 Physical Measurement of Light & Radiation: Peter Blattner DD3 Interior Environment and Lighting Design: Jennifer Veitch DD4 Lighting and Signaling for Transport: Ad de Visser DD5 Exterior and other Lighting Applications: Peter Schwarcz DD6 Photobiology and Photochemistry: John O’Hagan DD8 Image Technology: Jan Morovic

CIE OfficeGeneral Secretary: Ms Martina PaulTechnical Secreatry: Dr Peter Zwick Office Manager: Leo Trausnith Web & IT: Lena Doppel

Division Strategy To smoothly implement the Code of Procedure to be productive for each Technical

Committee and Reporter. To continue to cover aspects of traditional colorimetry (new colour matching functions

to extend to different age observers and viewing fields; new uniform colour space to perform much better than CIELAB and CIELUV; and a more comprehensive colour appearance model than the current CIECAM02).

To go beyond colour topics (other aspect of appearance such as gloss, texture, translucency; colour emotion and harmony to provide methods to link colour science with colour design); this will extend our understanding the interaction between light,

7

colour and surface. To bring theory into practice such as to study visual performance in the real world

situation such as lighting in indoor and outdoor conditions. This would allow us to develop practical tools for real application.

7.2 Editor Activity Report 2011 TC1-37 CIE Supplementary system of photometry R1-37 Definition of visual field for conspicuity R1-48 Colour emotion and harmony R1-50 3D aspects of visual appearance measurementIn his absence, John Setchell was thanked for his contribution to the work of the Division over the last four years.

7.3 SecretaryThe main actions of the DS since the last meeting were as follows: Produce and distribute the Minutes of 2010 Princeton meeting. Contribute to and distribute the 2011 Activity Report. Set up the 2011 Sun City Division meeting. Maintain the CIE D1 website Send/receive approximately 1050 emails! Start compilation of the CIE D1 Register containing contact details of all TC Chairmen and

Members, and Reporters.

8. TECHNICAL REPORTS

8.1 Vision: Miyoshi Ayama

TC1-36 Fundamental Chromaticity Diagram with Physiologically Significant Axes: Fran�oise Vi�not FRPart 1 of the TR was been published as CIE Publication 170-1:2006. A subcommittee (Mollon, Moreland, Pokorny, Valberg, Vi�not, Wold) met at ICVS, in Kongsberg, Norway, in July 2011, and made minor amendments on the draft of the TR Part II. This part (Chapters 6 and 7) was then sent to TC members and Division 1 officers in July 2011.Part 2 contains the following chapters:Introduction to Part IIChapter 6. Photometric aspects; the choice of the spectral luminous efficiency functions VLM(λ) and VLM,10(λ)Chapter 7. Chromaticity diagrams

7.1. The MacLeod-Boynton Chromaticity Diagram7.2. Development of XYZ representations of the cone fundamentals based upon the principles of the CIE standard colorimetric systems

Conclusion to Part II

TC1-37 Supplementary system of Photometry: Ken Sagawa JPThe TR has been completed and balloted. Once the comments from the ballot are resolved the report will be published.

TC1-41 Extension of VM() Beyond 830nm: Pieter Walraven NLIn spite of the completion of Part 2 of the TC1-36 report, there has been no response from the TCC. Also, the validity to extend the VM() function is now doubtful since VLM(λ) and

8

VLM,10(λ) have been proposed in the TR of TC1-36. Therefore, Division 1 decided to close the TC, and ask the TCC whether he wishes to set up a new TC to do the same work using VLM(λ) instead of VM(λ).

TC1-42 Colour Appearance in Peripheral Vision: Miyoshi Ayama JPThe text of the 2nd draft of a TR was distributed to the TC members and Division officers on 7 July 2011. Comments are awaited by September 2011.

TC1-58 Visual Performance in the Mesopic range: Liisa Halonen FLTR has been published as CIE191:2010 and the TC was closed.

TC1-60 Contrast Sensitivity Function for Detection and Discrimination: Eugene Martinez-Uriegas ESIt is understood that the TCC is ill and unable to continue with the work. a draft of a TR hasbeen partly prepared. The TCC was changed to Mike Pointer who will attempt to complete the TR.

TC1-67 The Effects of Dynamic and Stereo Visual Images on Human Health: Hiroyasu Ujike JPThe TCC sent apologies for his absence together with a short report on the present status of the TC. However, progress from last year is not significant, except that the status of the related working team in ISO, Study Group on Image Safety (ISO/TC 159/SC 4/SG) has joined with the Working Group on Image Safety (ISO/TC 159/SC 4/WG 12) to standardize the guideline for PSS (Photo-Sensitive Seizures). According to the TCC’s explanation, the related work in ISO is intended to publish an International Standard on “image guidelines,” which simply specifies conditions for reducing undesirable biomedical effects, while the TR of the TC is supposed to describe details of the scientific knowledge about undesirable biomedical effects which will be the basis for discussion of standardization in ISO. Therefore, the publications in CIE and ISO are different but complementary to each other.According to the new CIE Code on the extension of a TCs working period, D1 decided to change the terms of reference to work on PSS only, and to ask the TCC to complete the mission by 2013. Also, the TC should use the new collaboration tool to accelerate the work.

TC1-78 Evaluation of Visual Performance in the Real Lit Environment: Monica Billger SEThe TCC sent the following report. TC 1-78 had its first meeting at the CIE symposium ”When lighting meets appearance” in Ghent, Belgium in September 2010. At the meeting we had an open discussion on how to define visual performance and what we are going to focus on. We agreed that a broader meaning to the concept of visual performance is needed; the word performance can mislead. There are many parameters – many dimensions – involved. We need to consider the lighting situation for the task(s) in the room – this includes both the task light and the surrounding light situation, as well as the spatial experience of the room as a whole. This means that the visual task cannot be separated from the room. One can talk about explicit aims (for example to read a text) and implicit aims (for example well-being, cooperation). The context of the study is also important. There were concerns expressed in the meeting that we wish to cover a too broad field of aspects. We concluded that we can be open in the beginning of the TC work, now when we are reviewing the area. TC 1-78 concerns studies in real lit rooms. We concluded that this involves both field studies and simulation studies, i.e. specially built rooms that simulate real rooms in as many respects as possible. These rooms are real lit rooms; however they are test situations for the subjects.Networking is an important part of the TC. At the meeting some important researchers in the area were missing. We decided that all members in will the TC will think about missing

9

persons and give suggestions.

Work process for the TC: Year 1. State of the Art An overview over relevant published studies and work-in-progress + to point out/categorise different types of studies (aims, methodology...)Published work:Step 1 a reference list on published workStep 2 a review that we can develop until it will be included in the final reportOn-going projects:TC members contribute with information on on-going studies (scope)The chair of the committee will start with a reference list and list of on-going projects that all can add to.Finally, at the Ghent meeting the committee members pointed out that it is important that we agree on deliverables for the TC. We discussed a framework (biography) of methods/techniques as one result the TC could lead to. Further deliverables will be discussed at the next meeting. If there are enough members attending the CIE conference in South Africa, there will be a TC meeting.A further informal TC Meeting was held on 12, July, 2011, Sun City, chaired by Annika Kronqvist (PhD-student supervised by the TCC). They proposed the following work plan.Six different tasks;1. Methods for measuring light distribution of the room (Nakamura)2. Image analysis software for measuring light distribution of the room (Nakamura, Luo) 3. Psychophysical methods for assessing emotion of the room (Fotios)4. Developing a model to link light profile and emotion (Wouter)5. Proposing tasks for evaluating visual performance (Billger, Fotios, Luo)6. To link visual performance and the results of the light profile(All)

TC1-79 Limits of Normal Colour Vision: John Barbur GBThe following report had been received in the TCC.

Committee members:

Name InstitutionJohn Barbur City UniversityIngrid Langer �buda UniversitySharon McFaden Defence R&D Canada Manuel Melgosa University of GranadaKatsunori Okajima Yokohama National University, JapanClaudio Oleari Universit� di Parma, ItalyMarisa Rodriguez-Carmona City UniversityAndrew Stockman Inst of OphthalmologyLilla Ungvary �buda UniversityKl�ra Wenzel �buda University

We have consulted all committee members and also discussed the work of TC 1-79 with colleagues and experts in the field. This brief report is intended to explain and justify the virtually unanimous decision we have reached. The terms of reference as stated in the original letter address very important problems, but we may not be able to achieve these aims within four years using available data and knowledge. The problems remain fundamental and cannot be solved easily without further experimental studies. The overall aim is to understand the observed variability in chromatic sensitivity in normal

10

trichromacy and congenital deficiency and to use this knowledge to enhance the usefulness of colour assessment techniques with immediate occupational and clinical applications. Gaps in our knowledge and also the lack of appropriate tests to allow us to measure easily and accurately the parameters involved may stop us from achieving these aims at the present time. For example, the same subject when tested on existing colour vision tests can produce very different results. There is very poor correlation between the parameters of anomaloscope matches, colour detection thresholds, the outcome of the 100 hue test and the number of plates the subject fails on the Ishihara test. The severity of colour vision loss remains elusive and difficult to quantify. There are several parameters that determine the strength of colour vision signals generated in the eye. These include the following:

1. Peak response wavelengths of cone photoreceptors2. Relative numbers of L and M cones3. Peak optical densities of L and M cones4. Spectral absorption properties of the lens and the macular pigment

Almost half of “normal trichromats” rely on variant genes and consequently differ in small ways from the “standard” normal. The severity of colour vision loss in deutan- and protan-like subjects varies from almost normal to complete absence of red-green colour vision. Depending largely on the exact changes in the combination of parameters above, a given subject will perform differently in various colour-related tasks that differ in spectral composition, as is the case with many conventional colour vision tests. It is not therefore surprising that the various tests do not produce consistent results and cannot be used to quantify accurately the severity of colour vision loss.

Stated terms of reference1. To document the correlation between performance on colour matching, colour

discrimination, colour naming, and colour deficiency tests and factors such as variation in the peak spectral sensitivity of the M and L cones, density of the lens, density of macular pigment, variation in the optical density of the cones, L to M cone ratio, rod intrusion, illumination level, stimulus size, gender, stimulus duration and identify any substantive gaps in the existing literature.

2. Using the above database, develop a model or models that will allow the prediction of the effect of the above factors on colour discrimination, colour matching, and colour naming performance.

What is needed in order to achieve, at least in part, the stated aims? We do indeed need to develop a good model of colour vision that takes into account

how changes in the various parameters above affect the strength of colour signals generated

We also need to develop rapid and efficient techniques to measure accurately each of the parameters above and then to test the model against subject’s performance under varied conditions.

At this time, we do not have the tests needed to measure these parameters and therefore we are unable to test and optimize potentially useful models. We also need to restrict the desired aim of “producing a useful model / models that would allow us to predict the variability in colour discrimination, colour matching and colour naming performance in normal trichromats and colour deficients” to something more realistic such as detection thresholds and colour discrimination. The development of such tests and models cannot be done by this committee alone, since it requires considerable experimental and modelling work. What seems to be emerging

11

strongly is the need for novel tests that would allow us to measure an individual's specific parameters that affect chromatic sensitivity, e.g., variation in the peak spectral sensitivity of the M and L cones, spectral absorption of the lens and macular pigment, the optical density of the cones, the L to M cone ratio, stimulus size, duration, subject's gender and the effects of light level and chromatic adaptation. Novel experimental approaches are emerging, but we may well be several years away from the experimental techniques and the knowledge needed to achieve these aims.

What can we do now?Although there are a number of other options, the committee agrees unanimously that it should postpone its work for several years. The CIE may well wish to advise national organizations to encourage further studies to enhance our understanding of the factors that cause inter-subject variability, both within normal trichromats and congenital colour vision deficients, and equally importantly, the development of novel tests capable of measuring accurately the key parameters that affect the strength of colour signals. This undertaking may well take ~ five years to complete. Give the impact such work can have both within occupational environments as well as within the clinical, health care field, it may not be too difficult to justify why relevant investigations should be supported.

In the light of this report it was agreed that the TC be closed.

TC1-80 Research Methods for Psychophysical Studies of Brightness JudgementsSteve Fotios GBA TC meeting was held at the CIE symposium in Ghent, and on 13, July, 2011, in Sun City. A draft of the TR is being prepared. At the Sun City meeting, the contents of the TR and time-scale of the TC work are discussed. The present outputs are; a review of basic procedures was circulated and revised following feedback; a review of experimental variables (size, evaluation mode, complexity etc) was circulated.

TC1-82 The Calculation of Colour Matching Functions as a Function of Age and Field SizeJan Henrik Wold NOThis TC was established in 2010 at the D1 Meeting in Princeton. The TCC sent the following report and at the Division meeting, he briefly explained about the working plan. 1. Develop a general procedure for optimization of spectral functions using a fixed number

of significant digits. (Note: One of the committee members has already started this work, which is necessary for proper computations.)

2. Reproduce the TC1-36 procedure for field sizes of 2 and 10, and age of 32. (cf. CIE Technical Report 170-1:2006, Stockman, Vi�not)

3. a. Find a concept for determination of the L and M weighting factors to be used in the synthesis of F,size ( )V (given as a function of field size). Is more experimental data needed? If so, what kind of data?Option 1: Perform new experiments for the measurement of F, size ( )V for intermediate

field size(s), e.g., 4 and 6.Option 2: By a similar method as used for the determination of cone fundamentals, determine the F,size ( )V for intermediate field size(s) using the known weighting factors

for 2 and 10 observers as a starting point. Here, one task will be to investigate if it might be possible to determine F,size ( )V from F,10( )V by assuming the ratio of the L-and M- cone absorbances is constant, so that only the field size dependent parameters of the macular pigment optical density and the visual pigment optical density need to be taken into account.

12

b. Find a concept for determining the L and M weighting factors to be used in the synthesis of F,size ( )V when this is to be given as a function of age. Is more experimental data needed? If so, what kind of data?

4. Determine a procedure for the transformations LMS->XYZ->xy as function of age and field size, so that the resulting XYZ representations possesses the following properties:(i) The values of the functions F,size ( )x , F,size ( )y and F,size ( )z are all nonnegative,

i.e., F,size( ( ) 0x F,size ( ) 0y F,size ( ) 0 )z ,

[390nm, 830nm] .

(ii) F,size F,size size size( ) ( ) ( ) ( )y V l m , where , , size ( )l and size ( )m are

known (cf. the CIE TC1-36 method). When using 0.1 nm steps in , F,size ( )y isnormalized to unit peak.

(iii) F,size size( ) ( )z s , where size ( )s is known (cf. the CIE TC1-36 method).

(iv) 441

F,size1

( )ii

x =

441

F,size1

( )ii

y =

441

F,size1

( )ii

z ,

1 2 441( , , , ) (390nm, 391nm, , 830nm) .

(v) F,size, ,min sizex k , where 2 ,mink x and 10 10, ,mink x , and for other field sizes sizek is calculated from the field size dependent convex linear combinations of the CIE 1931 and the CIE 1964 standard xy chromaticity diagrams.

(vi) Subject to the constraints of Properties i–v, the overall difference between thespectral fundamental chromaticity coordinates F,size,x , F,size,y and F,size,z and the

corresponding spectral chromaticity coordinates F,size,x , F,size,x and F,size,x of the

field size dependent convex linear combinations of the CIE 1931 and the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric system

4412 2 2

F,size, size, F,size, size, F,size, size,1

(( - ) ( - ) + ( - ) )i i i i i i

ix x y y z z

,

1 2 441( , , , ) (390nm, 391nm, , 830nm) .

5. Determine a procedure for the transformations LMS-> lm (Boynton-MacLeod) as function of age and field size.

6. Develop an appropriate software design.7. Develop an appropriate GUI for the computer program.8. Implement the program code of the computer program.9. Finalize and test the computer program.10. Write the user’s manual for the computer program.11. Write the TC1-82 committee drafts/report.

R1-36 Action Spectra for Glare: Judith Fekete HUA short report has been sent to the Division officers and it was agreed to close this Reportership.

R1-37 Definition of the Visual Field for Conspicuity: Nana Itoh JP A report has been completed that is downloadable from the CIE Division 1 website. A new TC was recommended. It was agreed to close this TC.

R1-40 Scene Dynamic Range: Jack Holm US This Reporter will continues his work: there is nothing new report.

13

R1-49 Above-threshold Pulsed Lights: Ian Tutt UK & Dennis Couzin USOn the retirement of Ian Tutt, it was agreed that Malcolm Nicholson should replace him as reporter.

R1-51 Reconciling Maxwell vs Maximum Saturation Colour Matches: Mike Brill USThe Reporter sent the following report on Task 4 (To examine in u’v’ space the Wyszecki & Stiles reported discrepancy of the spectrum loci to assess the significance of the difference.)To accomplish Task 4 requires transforming the rg coordinates in Wyszecki & Stiles Fig. 4(5.6.6) to u’v’ coordinates. In a strict sense this is impossible, because rg represents color matching for a single observer, not for a CIE Standard Observer. However, a plausible computation can be done using an algorithm reported in M. H. Brill, ‘Transformation of primaries using four chromaticity points and their maps’, Color Res. Appl. 33 (2008), 506-508. The four chromaticity points are the experiment’s monochromatic primaries and the D65 illuminant, the rg coordinates of all of which are reported by Wyszecki and Stiles, and all of which are represented for the CIE 1964 Standard Observer. Based on transformation from (r, g) to (x, y) and thereafter to (u’, v’) using these known values, I found that the 488 nm stimulus (which has a particularly large Δrg = 0.35) gives Δu’v’ = 0.013. Although much reduced relative to rg distance, it is still significant relative to, say, the nominal “jnd” of 0.004 in u’v’. Further representative values will be included in the final report of this activity. It seems likely that the alarming Maxwell/Maximum-Saturation discrepancy reported by Wyszecki and Stiles is not nearly so large as one might gather from Fig 4(5.6.6), but places a significant limit on the applicability of Grassmann’s laws.

8.2 Colour: Ellen Carter

TC1-27 Specification of Colour Appearance for Reflective Media and Self-Luminous Displays: Paula Alessi USThis TC’s technical report was published, CIE 195:2011 - Specification of Colour Appearance for Reflective Media and Self-Luminous Display Comparisons and provides background information relating to the development of the CIECAM02 Colour Appearance Model (ISBN 978 3 901906 93 0; 46 pages with 28 figures and 14 tables). At the 2011 meeting Division 1 voted to close the TC.

TC1-44 Practical Sources for Daylight Colorimetry: Robert Hirschler HUThe technical report from this TC was published as CIE 192:2010 Practical Daylight Sources for Colorimetry. (ISBN 978 3 901906 90 9; 39 pages with 14 figures and 10 tables). At the 2011 meeting Division 1 voted to close the TC.

TC1-55 Uniform colour space for Industrial Colour-Difference Evaluation: Manuel Melgosa ESNo report.

TC1-57 Standards in Colorimetry: Alan Robertson CAIn 2008 the CIELAB standard was published ISO 11664-4:2008(E)/CIE S 014-4/E:2007: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: CIE Colorimetry – Part 4: 1976 L*a*b* Colour Space. Then in 2009 the CIELUV standard was published: both as a CIE Standard and a Joint ISO/CIE Standard (ISO 11664-5:2009(E)/CIE S 014-5/E:2009: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: CIE Colorimetry – Part 5: CIE 1976 L*u*v* Colour Space and u', v' Uniform Chromaticity Scale Diagram. The Tristimulus Value Standard was approved by the BA and D1 in December 2009, by the NCs in June 2011 and was published as CIE S 014-3E:2011 Colorimetry – Part 3: CIE Tristimulus Values. Work continues on the CIEDE2000 standard. Draft 3 was submitted for TC ballot on 15 June 2011

14

with deadline of 15 Jul 2011.

TC1-61 Categorical Colour Identification: Taiichiro Ishida JPA second draft of the TR is being prepared by the chair to circulate to the TC. The chair has asked for one more year to complete the technical report.

TC1-63 Validity of the Range of CIEDE2000: Klaus Richter DEIn February 2011, there was a meeting of several members of TC1-63 in Berlin. It was agreed that the final CIE Technical Report of TC1-63 shall include the following chapters:

1. CIE TC1-63: Terms of Reference2. Test charts and CIELAB data for the study of large colour differences.3. Results from different countries (DE, ES, CZ, GB).4. Standard deviation and correlation in term of stress values.5. Results for small colour differences (Kittelmann, Witt, Melgosa, Luo, Roseman, ...).6. Standard deviation and correlation in term of stress values.7. Conclusions.8. Literature.

TC1-64 Terminology for Vision, Colour and Appearance: Sharon McFadden CAThe long awaited ILV will be published once the final term definition is resolved during the Sun City Division 2 meeting. Division 1 has several new terms, which have been distributed to the TC members for comment. It has to be decided how new terms will be added to the ILV once it is published. However, this TC will continue to prepare the new terms from Division 1 for future updates to ILV. In addition, the TC chair will continue to review new Technical Reports for new terms.

TC1-68 Effect of Stimulus Size on Colour Appearance: Peter Bodrogi HUDraft 5 of the TR has now been prepared. It includes the following sections:1. INTRODUCTION2. CONCEPT OF EQUIVALENT COLOUR FOR LARGE UNIFORM STIMULI3. VISUAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE COLOUR SIZE EFFECT

3.1 Brightness and stimulus sizeGombos, K, Schanda, J. Interrelationship between size and brightness dimensions of appearance, CIE Expert Symposium on Visual Appearance, Paris, 19-20 October (2006).3.2 Colour size effect: perceived size and angular sizeOsvaldo da Pos, Annarita Rapan�, Alessandra Gliro, How size can affect colour perception, Proc. AIC 2008, Stockholm, 2008.3.3 Colour size effect: painted indoor wallsKaida Xiao, M. Ronnier Luo, Changjun Li, Guowei Hong, Colour Appearance of Room Colours, Color Res. Appl. 35:284-293, 2010.3.4 Colour size effect: varying sizes and viewing mediaXiao K, Luo MR, Li C, Cui G, Park D, Investigation of colour size effect for colour appearance assessment, Color Res. Appl. 36:201-209, 2011.3.5 Colour size effect: immersive self-luminous stimuliG. Kutas, P. Bodrogi, Color appearance of a large homogenous visual field, Color Research & Application, Volume 33, Issue 1, Date: February 2008, Pages: 45-54.

4. STUDIES ON COLOUR APPEARANCE IN REAL LIFE FULL SCALE SITUATIONS5. MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE COLOUR SIZE EFFECT – Three mathematical models are described. They are intended to describe only the specific viewing situations of the experimental data underlying these models. The Committee considers these models tentative and no model is recommended in this

15

Technical Report. To recommend a model, further exploratory and validating experiments are needed.

TC1-69 Colour Rendition of White Light Sources: Wendy Davis USAt the 2010 Princeton meeting a proposal was made to recommend both the CQS and CRI-CAM02UCS in our Technical Report. No meeting attendees objected. However, in follow-up e-mails after the meeting, one non-attendee objected and one attendee had a change of opinion. Some members wanted to go ahead and write the report, allowing dissenters to write minority opinions. Other members wanted to take a step back and dedicate more time to analyze options. A vote was conducted (60% of voting members (18/30) wanted more time; 40% (12/30) wanted to write the report). During the committee’s previous “decision-making” phase, two outside groups asked to submit their proposed metrics for consideration and were denied. In light of changes in the TC’s plans, they were subsequently invited to submit their proposals. In addition to the seven previously submitted proposals, the TC was presented with the Gamut Area Index (GAI) + CRI and a Monte Carlo method of assessment. During the intervening year, visible progress has been slow. However, there was a very active TC meeting held here in Sun City and a number of presentations and a workshop on the topic of this TC. The TC is working on various matters to build a consensus. If this proves impossible a minority report may be necessary in addition to the main report.

TC1-70 Metameric Samples for Indoor Daylight Evaluation: Bal�zs Kranicz HUTo summarize the work of this TC: 1) Metameric pairs have been derived for ID65 and ID50. The standard specimens are the same as in standard ISO 23603:2005(E) – CIE S 012/E:2004. 2) Comparison specimens for ID65 and ID50 have been derived. The initial values of the optimization process were the comparison specimens for D65 and D50 in standard ISO 23603:2005(E) – CIE S 012/E:2004. The resulting comparison specimens look ‘almost the same’ as the original functions but fulfil the requirements of metamerism. A few members of this TC had a meeting in Sun City to discuss the form and content of the TR. The next step is to draft the TR.

TC1-71 Tristimulus Integration: Changjun Li CNThe TC had an open meeting in Princeton in June 2010 during the joint meeting of the CIE D1, ASTM E12 and ISCC. In the meeting, it was agreed that it was time for further tests among methods selected by the TC. In order to do the testing, some data including 1nm illuminants and reflectance data are needed. Mike Pointer has already provided real 1 nm transmittance spectra based on Beer’s Law colorants, including blues and greens as well as the ambers that are more common to his application. Some more 1 nm reflectance functions and SPDs for some standard illuminants including LEDS are expected. Changjun LI, Claudio Oleari and Manuel Melgosa gave two new types of weighting tables based on local power expansion proposed by Claudio Oleari, which will aid the ongoing testing of methods and recommendations for this TC. It is hoped that the TC will complete the work within one year.

TC1-72 Measurement of Appearance Network: MapNet : Mike Pointer GBThe 2nd CIE Expert Symposium on Appearance was held at KaHo St-Lieven University, Gent, Belgium from 8-10 September 2010. It had the goal of extending the scope of appearance to include lighting designers and practitioners. This succeeded admirably with 36 presentations; 42 posters; 135 delegates; and 22 countries represented. Sessions were held on Colour Appearance, Measurement and Instrumentation, Gloss and Texture, Luminance and Glare, Luminance-Based Design, and Lighting Comfort. In the four years of this TC it has produced a mailing list of over 100 members, a bibliography of papers, had some excellent

16

discussions and two very successful Expert Symposia. However, appearance measurement is complex and there are no quick fixes. Experimental work takes time and costs money – both of which are increasingly hard to obtain. It’s a big subject that seems to be getting bigger. Therefore, the chair proposes : 1) to close the TC ; 2) to establish a Reporter to monitor all aspects of the subject and make recommendations for future work, and 3) to organise the 3rd CIE Expert Symposium in Appearance in 2012 or 2014. A vote was taken at this Divsion meeting and the TC was closed.

TC1-73: Real Colour Gamut: Changjun Li CNFour gamuts are currently being compared by the TC. They are: the Pointer real colour gamut, the Hewlett-Packard printer gamut, the PhotoGamut RGB and the ISO reference colour gamut. It was been concluded that 1) defining the gamut in terms of coordinates under a particular illuminant is not sufficient; 2) The current available gamuts do not represent available data well. Hopefully, this TC can derive a new gamut which represents available data well and is defined in terms of reflectance functions. In the D1 meeting in Princeton in June 2010, a time-line of two years was set for the TC to complete its work. However, there has been no progress since then because some unexpected problems. The Chair of this TC hopes the TC work will continue and it seems we need another two years to complete the work.

TC1-74 Methods for Re-defining CIE D illuminants: Janos Schanda HUDraft 4 of the TR was circulated to the TC in May 2011. It includes: Introduction; Historyof daylight illuminants; Choice of daylight; CIE sources and illuminants B and C; The equi-energy spectrum; The D illuminants; The ID illuminants; Experiments on advantages of smoothing; Possible smooth daylight spectral power distribution models; Smoothing between the fixed 10 nm values; Smoothing some absorption bands; Conclusions and recommendation; Tables. However, it must be decided how much smoothing should be recommended.

TC1-75 A Comprehensive Model of Colour Appearance: M. Ronnier Luo GBM Ronnier Luo reported on C. Fu’s PhD data (Unrelated colours under photopic and mesopic regions), and K. Xiao’s PhD data (Same colours under 6 different sizes). He then proposed to complete Code of Procedure actions, to distribute the three accepted papers between members, then by March 2012 to complete the model and by September 2012 to complete the TR.

TC1-76 Unique Hue Data: Sophie Wuerger GBThis TC met here in Sun City and developed the following plan. By June 2012 TASK 1: Collate existing sets of unique hue data including the following information for self-luminous colours: white point and luminance of the display, background chromaticity and luminance; ambient illumination (XYZ); illuminance; light reflected from screen (XYZ); stimulus size; eccentricity task: cancellation, hue selection task or other hue assessment tasks; observer: age; gender; ethnicity; culture. For surface colours including the following information: reference white (XYZ); ambient illumination (spectra); viewing geometry; XYZ of colours and reflectance spectra; stimulus size; eccentricity; task: cancellation, hue selection task or other hue assessment tasks and observer: age; gender; ethnicity; culture. By end of 2012 complete Task 2 of providing the mean hue angles in a uniform colour space; and computing intra-and inter-observer variability in colour difference units (CIE DE2000). Then by September of 2013 completing Task 3 to write the TR which includes the generated database of unique hue data; compares unique hue loci between different viewing conditions, and attempts to develop a model of unique hues as a function of the specified parameters.

17

TC1-77 Improvement of the CIE Whiteness and Tint Equations: Robert Hirschler HUThis TC added some new members and observers. They began collecting papers and publications related to the TC work and circulating them among TC members as well as uploading the materials to the CIE Collaboration Tool. They also identified three groups of on-going new research (no reports yet) relating to the TC: 1) M. R. Luo and D. Chen (Leeds University) - CIE tint limits, correlation of visual evaluations and instrumental measurements ; 2) R. Hirschler, C. Silva and D. Oliveira SENAI/CETIQT) - Correlation of visual evaluations and instrumental measurements, Ganz-Griesser vs. CIE calibration, WI for different light sources ; and 3) R. Shamey (NCSU) correlation of visual evaluations and instrumental measurements under different light sources.

TC 1-81 Validity of Formulae for Predicting Small Colour Differences: Klaus Richter DEThe chairman Klaus Richter, described some of the fundamental problems that this TC will address.

R1-42 Extensions of CIECAM02: Changjun Li CNThis reporter-ship becomes purely liaison with Division 8 (TC1-11) since the set up of TC1-75 on Comprehensive Model of Colour Appearance. There is no new activity from TC8-11.

R1-48 Colour Emotion and Harmony: Li-Chen Ou TWThe report has been completed and is posted on the Division 1 website. The report includes a proposal for a new TC on modelling of colour emotion and harmony. This proposal is discussed in detail the New Work Items section of the Minutes. However, here is given the background. There is a need for models of colour emotion and harmony developed on the basis of integration of existing psychophysical data obtained by different research groups or networks, to get more reliable, more accurate predictive performance. Outcomes of this work will benefit investigators of related areas in further research development and industrial applications. Despite different approaches to the modelling of colour emotion and harmony, as made by different research groups or networks, interpretations of existing models seem to have good agreement and consensus, as has been shown in the report. At this Division meeting, it was voted to close this reportership since the work has been completed.

R1-50 3D Aspects of Visual Appearance Measurement: David Simmons GBDavid Simmons submitted the 2nd Report in June, 2011 which is now on the D1 website. He said progress has been made on 1st and 2nd Terms of Reference, but it is probably premature for the 3rd Term to be actioned. However, the 4th Term to liaise with other Divisions could be actioned in Sun City. His report went on to say that 3D visual appearance is not really a research field in its own stead yet. However, there is considerable activity in 3D vision research. Following in the wake of technical developments in 3D graphics, storage and display, there is much interest in the human factors of 3D imaging. The outline of his report:1 Introduction2 3D vision2.1 3D Image Quality2.1.1 Importance of Monocular Zones2.1.2 Shape distortions in 3D displays2.1.3 The role of vertical disparities2.1.4 Image display artifacts2.2 Human ocular health and performance related to 3D displays2.2.1 Ocular health and 3D displays

18

2.2.2 Visual Performance with 3D displays vs. natural viewing conditions2.3 Illumination effects in 3D displays2.4 3D Natural Image Analysis2.5 3D Image Display Technology2.6 3D Visual Aesthetics3 3D Image Capture4 3D Image Storage and Display5 The Future of 3D Visual AppearanceAnnex AA.1 Laboratories Specializing in 3D Image CaptureA.2 Standards organisations related to 3D image storage and displayA.3 Other relevant web-links (not including labs heavily cited in the text)ReferencesHe proposes that he continue as a reporter; attempts to improve liaison with other CIE technical committees and reporterships, and perhaps write a paper.

R 1-51 Spectral Data Interpolation: Hugh Fairman USThe text portion of the report is nearly completed and some additional data points are yet to be calculated for the tables. The report is presently scheduled to be completed by 31 December, 2011.

9. LIAISON REPORTS

9.1 L1-1 AIC: Paula Alessi USA report is attached to these Minutes.

9.2 L1-2 CCPR (Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry): Michael StockNothing to report since the 2011 D1 Activity Report.

9.3 L1-3 ISO/TC6/WG3: Paper, Board and Pulp – Optical Properties: Joanne Zwinkels CAA report is attached to these Minutes.

9.4 L1-4 ISO/TC38/SC1: Textile: Colour Fastness & MeasurementM Ronnier LuoNothing to report.

9.5 L1-5 ISO/TC42: Photography: Jack Holm USNothing to report.

9.6 L1-6 ISO/TC130: Graphic Technology: Danny Rich USA report is attached to these Minutes.

9.7 L1-7 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC28 Office Equipment: Klaus Richter DEA report is attached to these Minutes.

9.8 L1-8 International Association of Lighthouse Authorities: Ian Tutt GBA report is attached to these Minutes.

9.9 L1-9 ISO/TC159/WG2 Ergonomics: Ken Sagawa JPNothing to report.

19

10 CHANGES TO CURRENT WORK PROGRAMME

10.1 Changes to Technical Committees

TC1-27 (C) Specification of Colour Appearance for Reflective Media and Self-Luminous Display Comparison

Terms of Reference:

To study and make recommendations for the specification of a colour appearance match between a reflective image and a self-luminous display image.

Chairman: Paula Alessi USAction: Ballot to close approved 13:0:0 (For: Against: Abstention)Rationale: TR published

TC1-41 (V) Extension of VM() Beyond 830 nmTerms of Reference:

To write a report on the feasibility of the extension of VM() beyond 830 nm, including modification of VM() in the 660-780 nm region of the spectrum.

Chairman: Pieter Walraven NLAction : Ballot to close approved 13:0:1

Offer TCC to work on a new TC with revised ToRRationale: No work done and ToR no longer relevant due to update of VM() to VLM()

TC1-44 (C) Practical Daylight Sources for ColorimetryTerms of Reference:

1. To compare existing daylight simulators for color measuring instruments and colour matching booths.

2. On the basis of this intercomparison, to recommend practical methods for simulating daylight sources.

Chairman: Robert Hirschler HUAction: Ballot to close approved 13:0:0Rationale: TR published

TC1-58 (V) Visual Performance in the Mesopic Range Terms of Reference:

To define mesopic visual performance and related terms.To investigate performance based photometry in the luminance region below approximately 10 cd m-2. To propose a model for the basis of performance based mesopic photometry.

Chairman: Liisa Halonen FIAction: Ballot to close approved 14:0:0Rationale: TR published

TC1-60 (V) Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) for Detection and DiscriminationTerms of Reference:

1. To specify a baseline achromatic CSF with its reference conditions and reference observer

2. To specify CSF extensions based on discrimination thresholds, as well as chromatic CSFs for both detection and discrimination

Chairman: Eugene Martinez-Uriegas ESAction: Ballot to change TCC to Mike Pointer approved 14:0:0Rationale: TCC no longer able to continue, MRP to rescue work done on first TofR.

TC1-67 (V) The Effects of Dynamic and Stereo Visual Images on Human HealthTerms of To write a technical report on the physiological and psychophysical effects of

20

Reference: dynamic and stereo visual images in terms of photosensitive seizures, visually induced motion sickness and eyestrain.

Chairman: Hiroyasu Ujike JPAction: Ballot to change terms of reference approved 14:0:0

To write a technical report on the physiological and psychophysical effects of dynamic and stereo visual images in terms of photosensitive seizures, visually induced motion sickness and eyestrain.

Rationale: Limit work to first TofR; new TC if TCC wants to continue.

TC1-72 (C) Measurement of Appearance Network: MApNetTerms of Reference:

1. To establish a network of those interested in the measurement of visual appearance.

2. The network shall be under the direction and guidance of a group of at least four Technical Leaders each responsible for a particular aspect of the subject.

3. Each Technical Leader shall provide substantial periodic reports in a form that might be published.

4. A second Expert Symposium on Appearance shall be organised at an appropriate time within the next 4 years.

5. A database of relevant published work shall be maintained.6. Consideration shall be given to the establishment of separate Technical

Committees when appropriate.7.

Chairman: Mike Pointer GBAction: Ballot approved to close 13:0:0Rationale: No obvious future: one reporter to be balloted

TC1-79 (V) Limits of Normal Colour Vision Terms of Reference:

1. To document the correlation between performance on colour matching, colour discrimination, colour naming, and colour deficiency tests and factors such as variation in the peak spectral sensitivity of the M and L cones, density of the lens, density of macular pigment, variation in the optical density of the cones, L to M cone ratio, rod intrusion, illumination level, stimulus size, gender, stimulus duration and identify any substantive gaps in the existing literature.

2. Using the above database, develop a model or models that will allow the prediction of the effect of the above factors on colour discrimination, colour matching, and colour naming performance.

Chairman: John Barbur GBAction: Ballot to close approved 14:0:0Rationale: TCC reports task is too big and data not available

10.2 Changes to Reporters

R1-36 (V) Action Spectra for GlareTerms of Reference:

To summarize the literature on the subject and make recommendation for terms of reference for a technical committee.

Reporter: Judith Fekete HUAction: Ballot to close approved 14:0:0Rationale: Reporter unable to continue and does not recommend TC at this time.

21

R1-37 (V) Definition of the Visual Field for ConspicuityTerms of Reference:

To summarize the literature on the Visual Field for conspicuity and make a recommendation for terms of reference for a Technical Committee.

Reporter: Nana Itoh JPAction: Ballot to close approved 14:0:0Rationale: Work completed, report published and new TC recommended

R1-48 (C) Colour Emotion and Harmony Terms of Reference:

To review methods for relating the emotion and harmony responses to coloured stimuli with associated colorimetric measurement of those stimuli.

Reporter: Li-Chen Ou TWAction: Ballot to close approved 13:0:0Rationale: Work completed, report published and new TC recommended

R1-49 (V) Above-Threshold Pulsed LightsTerms of Reference:

To review methods for photometric prediction of the brightness and colour of supra-threshold pulsed signal lights.

Reporter: Ian Tutt GB & Dennis Couzin USAction: Ballot to change reporter from Ian Tutt to Malcolm Nicholson approved

14:0:0Rationale: Ian Tutt has retired and he is replaced by his colleague from Trinity House.

11 NEW WORK ITEMS IN WORK PROGRAMME

11.1 New Technical Committees

TC1-XX (V) Standard on Mesopic Photometry and Guidelines for Defining Photometric Values in the Mesopic Region

Terms of Reference:

1. To investigate adaptation and viewing conditions in outdoor lighting.2. To define lighting applications where mesopic photometry should be

used.3. To provide methods and guidelines for calculating photometric values in

the mesopic region to prepare a standard on a system of mesopic photometry

Chairman: Liisa Halonen FIWork plan: ProvidedTimeline: ProvidedMembers:Actions: Approved 14:0:0.

Note that the CB has yet to decide on the method of operation of this cross-division TC.

TC1-83 (V) Visual Aspects of Time-Modulated Lighting SystemsTerms of Reference:

1. To investigate and report on current research on the perception of visual artifacts of temporally modulated lighting systems, including flicker, the stroboscopic effect, ghosting, and digital artifacts.

2. Design methodology and gather data on the visibility of temporal artifacts.

3. Build a model for the visibility of temporal artifacts and their dependence on environmental, demographical and lighting parameters.

Chairman: Dragan Sekulovski NL

22

Work plan: To be providedTimeline: To be providedMembers: To be providedActions: Approved 13 for: 0 against: 0 abstentions

TC1-84 (V) Definition of Visual Field for ConspicuityTerms of Reference:

To define and classify functional visual fields for universal tasks and develop guidelines for the layout of visual information to increase the visibility of visual signs, displays and markings.

Chairman: Nana Itoh JPWork plan: ProvidedTimeline: To be providedMembers: To be provideAction: Approved 13:0:1

TC1-85 (C) Update CIE Publication 15:2004 ColorimetryTerms of Reference:

To update CIE Publication 15:2004 taking into consideration the current CIE/ISO standards on colorimetry and the work of TC1-36 Fundamental Chromaticity Diagram with Physiologically Significant Axes

Chairman: Janos Schanda HUWork plan: ProvidedTimeline: To complete in 4 yearsMembers: Francoise Vi�not, Alan Robertson, Mike Pointer, Hirohisa Yaguchi, Ellen

CarterAction: Approved 13:0:0

TC1-86(C) Models of Colour Emotion and HarmonyTerms of Reference:

To recommend models of colour emotion and harmony based on existing psychophysical data obtained by different research groups or networks for applications in the colour design area.

Chairman: Li Chen Ou TWWork plan: ProvidedTimeline:Members: M. Ronnier Luo GB, Mike Pointer GB, J�nos Schanda HU, Jose Luis Caivano AR

Osvaldo Da Pos IT, Tetsuya Sato JP, Shing-Sheng Guan TW, Monica Billger SE, Suchitra Sueeprasan TH, Rafael Huertas ES, Ferenc Szab� HU

Action: Approved 12:0:1

TC1-87(C) New Aspects of Colour RenderingTerms of Reference:

To investigate available methods for assessing the colour rendering capabilities of all types of white light source with a view to possibly recommending a new assessment index or indices.

Chairman: Mike Pointer GBWork plan: To be provided based on the outcome of TC1-69Timeline: To complete in 4 yearsMembers:Actions: Approved 13:0:0

23

11.2 New Reporters

R1-53 (C) Gloss Perception and MeasurementTerms of Reference:

1. To establish a database of key research articles and terminology related to gloss perception and to gloss measurement.

2. To investigate if, from this database, improved measurement methods could be suggested in order to achieve a better correlation between gloss perception and measurement.

Reporter: Fr�d�ric Leloup BETimeline: Two yearsAction: Approved 13:0:0

R1-54 (V) Variability in Colour-Matching FunctionsTerms of Reference:

To document available data that describe the variation in colour matching functions, together with an analysis of their variability.

Reporter: Abhijit Sarkar INTimeline: One yearAction: Approved 13:0:0

R1-55 (C) Enhancement of Images for Colour Defective ObserversTerms of Reference:

To review the literature for enhancing images to improve their quality for colour defective observers.

Reporter: Po-Chieh Hung JPTimeline: One yearAction: Approved 13:0:0

R1-56 (C) Skin Colour DatabaseTerms of Reference:

1. To assemble a database of a skin colours, to include spectral data and measurement method.

2. To report on the variation in colour between different ethnic groups, genders and body parts.

Reporter: Kaida Xiao CNTimeline: One yearAction: Approved 13:0:0

R1-57 (V) Border Between Luminous and Blackish ColoursTerms of Reference:

Study the literature which determines by psycho-physical and physiological experiments the colour border between luminous and blackish colours in white surrounds.

Reporter: Thorstein Seim NOTimeline: One yearAction: Approved 13:0:0

Secretary’s Notes: 1. All of these changes and new work items were approved at the CIE Board meeting held

on Saturday 26 July immediately after the CIE Session.2. The method of working for the above cross -division TC Standard on Mesopic Photometry

and Guidelines for Defining Photometric Values in the Mesopic Region has yet to be decided.

3. The numbers of the new TCs listed above were provided by the Central Bureau after the Division meeting.

4. Reporters do not now need CIE BA approval and so I have allocated the numbers as above.

24

12. NEXT MEETINGThe next meeting of CIE D1 will be at the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, on 26-27 September 2012.

13. ANY OTHER BUSINESSNone.

CLOSE OF MEETINGThe Director thanked everyone for attending and declared the meeting closed.

Dr Michael R PointerSecretary – CIE Division 131 August 2011

25

CIE DIVISION 1 VISION AND COLOUR

Fourth Meeting of the Luo Term

14-15 July 2011

AGENDA – Day 1

Division Meeting - Opening Session

14:00 – 14:30 1. Opening and welcome by Director, Ronnier Luo

2. Apologies for absence

3. Membership

4. Attendance

5. Approval of agenda

6. Approval of minutes of Princeton meeting

7. Matters arising from those minutes

8. Report from the Director: Ronnier Luo

9. Report from the Editor: John Setchell

10. Report from the Secretary: Mike Pointer

11. Presentation on new CIE Code of Procedure: Mike Pointer

Business Session

14:30 – 15:30 Vision Section: Report – Miyoshi Ayama

15:30 – 16:00 Vision Section: New work items

16:00 – 17:00 Colour Section: Report – Ellen Carter

AGENDA – Day 2

14:00 – 15:00 Colour Section: Report – Ellen Carter – continued

15:00 – 15:30 Colour Section: New work items

15:30 – 16:00 Liaison reports

16:00 – 16:30 Any other business: Location of next meeting

17:00 Close of meeting

All times are flexible - there will be a break for coffee/tea during the sessions.

Mike PointerDivision Secretary

26

Additional Attachments: Liaison Reports

L1-1 International Color Association (AIC): Paula Alessi US

L1-3 ISO/TC6/WG3: Paper, Board and Pulp – Optical Properties: Joanne Zwinkels CA

L1-6 ISO/TC130: Graphic Technology: Danny Rich US

L1-7 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC28 Office Equipment: Klaus Richter DE

L1-8 International Association of Lighthouse Authorities: Ian Tutt GB

27

L1-1 International Color Association (AIC): Paula Alessi

Please accept my apologies for being unable to attend the CIE meetings in Sun City.AIC has held two meetings since the last CIE Division 1 meeting in Princeton. The first was a very successful meeting in Mar Del Plata, Argentina. The AIC 2010 Interim Meeting was held from October 12-15, 2010 organized by the Argentine Color Group. The topic was ‘Color and Food: From the Farm to the Table’. There were 202 participants from 26 different countries. There were 49 oral and 90 poster presentations. The oral presentations centered around eleven different themes:

1. Food color and appearance2. Psychological aspects of food color3. Color in food packaging4. Color in food-related architecture5. Food chemistry and colorimetry6. Food colorimetry7. Color and food in arts and culture8. Color, food properties and preferences9. Color design in food environments10. Color and food in culture and language11. Food lighting, color imaging and appearance

The Proceedings were published in both a CD and a printed book. Information regarding the AIC 2010 Interim Meeting can be found at www.aic2010.org. Also www.aic2010.blogspot.com contains meeting pictures, PowerPoint files of oral presentations, and information about proceedings.

The second was the AIC 2011 Midterm Meeting held from June 7-10, 2011 in Zurich, Switzerland. It was hosted by the Swiss Color Association, Pro/Colore. This also was a very successful meeting with 290 participants from 43 countries. There were 48 oral and 150 poster presentations. The topic for this meeting was ‘Interaction of Color and Light in the Arts and Sciences’. Presentations were given around the following topics:

1. Space2. Stage3. Education4. Psychology5. Science and Technology6. Computer Graphics

The very prestigious AIC 2011 Judd Award was given to Professor Dr. Lucia Ronchi. After receiving the medal, she gave the Judd lecture on “Experimentation in color vision”. For more details on the meeting, please visit www.aic2011.org.

The AIC 2012 Interim Meeting will be in Taipei, Taiwan at the Chinese Culture University from September 22-25. It will be hosted by the Color Association of Taiwan. The meeting topic will be ‘In Color We Live: Color and Environment”. More information on this meeting can be found at www.aic2012.org.

The 12th Congress of the AIC will be hosted by the British Color Group from July 8 – 12, 2013. The venue will be The Sage Gateshead in Newcastle, UK. This goal of this Congress is to ‘Bring Color to Life’.

The 24th AIC Newsletter has been produced. For more details on all AIC activities, please visit the AIC website (www.aic-color.org) and download the Newsletter.

Respectfully submitted,

Paula J. Alessi

28

L1-3 ISO/TC6/WG3: Paper, Board and Pulp – Optical Properties: Joanne Zwinkels CA

The following recent activities may be of interest to the CIE:

The most recent meetings of ISO TC6 were in Paris, May 23-27, 2011. At the WG3 meeting, the following items were discussed:

A new work item was proposed by France for Determination of CIE Whiteness using CIE ID65 as an alternative to CIE C as a representation of indoor illumination conditions. However, it was considered that ID65 may have too high a UV content and that CIE ID50 would be a better replacement for CIE C. It was finally concluded to retain CIE C as a representation of indoor illumination conditions but to calculate the CIE whiteness values using D65 colorimetry.

The comments that had been received for two recent ballots: Systematic review: ISO 22891-2007 Paper – Determination of transmittance by diffuse reflectance measurements and. CD 2469 Paper, board and pulps – Measurement of diffuse radiance factor, were successfully resolved at the Paris meeting and these approved changes are being implemented in the next stages of these Standards. In particular, the details of the recommended UVB cut-off filter for eliminating the influence of UVB illumination has been decided upon based upon the results of a round-robin comparison that evaluated three candidate UVB cut-off filters. It was found that the various optical properties were significantly underestimated for measuring instruments that used unfiltered xenon sources with high UVB content. A similar trend was observed in a supplementary comparison of one type of instrument with a new and an old (aged) barium sulphate sphere.

There was considerable discussion about the deficiencies of the CIE Whiteness equation. This followed a presentation by Dr. Tarja Shakespeare of Honeywell (Finland). In particular, there is a pressing need for a better visual correlation with the Whiteness equation at very high whiteness levels (W>170). Dr. Shakespeare is also a member of CIE TC1-77 and a copy of her WG3 presentation has been shared with the members of TC1-77.

At the TC6 meetings, there was also a one-day Workshop on automated off-line testing. With regard to optical property measurements, there are many on-line challenges: speed of the web, poor web support, non-standard measurement geometry, non-conditioned paper, etc. Dr. Shakespeare presented evidence of differences in colorimetric practice for these instruments compared with manual instruments that conform to ISO 2469 requirements. As a consequence, there are significant differences in the on-line and off-line whiteness and brightness measurements. In response, TC 6 has established an ad-hoc working group to investigate whether a technical report of best practice can be developed to improve the correlation between the on-line and manual off-line measurements.

CIE liaison activities: I presented a CIE liaison report to ISO TC6 at the Paris meeting. Of particular interest to the WG3 members was the new CIE Standard on Colorimetry – Part 3: CIE Tristimulus Values which provides a different practice for extrapolating missing sample spectral data compared with the recommendations in CIE 15:2004 Colorimetry. In particular, the latter recommended only the use of a constant extrapolation (set equal to the nearest measured value) whereas the former Standard states that a simple linear extrapolation is preferred but if this produces impossible values, other extrapolation procedures: constant, setting to zero or 100%, can also be used based on the data or experience. The current ISO TC6 optical property Standards for colorimetric quantities use CIE 15:2004 as their normative reference for calculating CIE tristimulus values.

The next meeting of ISO TC6 is planned for October 2012 in Montreal, Canada.

Respectfully submitted,

Joanne ZwinkelsNational Research Council of Canada

29

L1-6 ISO/TC130: Graphic Technology: Danny Rich US

ISO TC 130 held its spring meeting at DIN in Berlin, Germany, 11-16 April 2011.

Actions and plans of the Technical Committee that are of interest to the CIE1. ISO TC 130 has not completed the communication to the CIE concerning the series of documents

starting with CIE Publication 51 and continuing through CIE S012 and finally ISO/CIE 23603. 2. ISO TC 130 has now agreed that they will switch all specification tolerances from CIELAB to

CIEDE2000.3. ISO TC 130 has now formally adopted the stance that all instruments for the measurement of

prints and printing should conform to the requirements of ISO 13655 and ISO 3664 and either irradiate the specimen with light from a source that is at least a BB rating versus CIE D50 or uses a method that reads the specimen with a UV-rich and a UV-poor daylight source and correct the total radiance factors to the levels that would have been read had the instrument had a CIE D50 source.

4. ISO 14861 is a draft standard that is to document the process for simulating the proof of a print job using flat panel displays. One unresolved issue was the impact of the structure of the source on the visual evaluation of the colors in the images. Since no graphic display actually have a CIE D50 or D65 source but rather have either CCFL or LED sources which current color management software adjusts so that the chromaticity of the white point matches the chromaticity of a standard phase of daylight. But the individual colors then simulated on the display have different spectral distributions and so potentially large amounts of metamerism. In addition, it would be interesting to know if an LED used in this kind of display application, still exhibits the lack of conformance to the CIE Luminous Efficiency function that has been reported in single LED sources.

5. A recent development in process printing is the use of a gray or near-neutral scale to set the tone reproduction of a printing device. One of the requirements for making this method of "press calibration" work is the ability to map near-neutral colors from the white point of the substrate to the black point of the full tone black ink or three-color overprint ink. TC 130 would like guidance from CIE Division 1 on how to define visual differences between two gray stimuli that may different in chroma and hue and in obtaining a definition of the percept of gray that is linked to a CIE color metric.

No other actions or activities were planned or carried out that are of interest to CIE Division 1.

Respectfully submitted,

Dr. Danny C. Rich

30

L1-7 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC28 Office Equipment

Klaus Richter, email: klaus.richter@mac.comInternet: Berlin University of Technology (TUB): http://130.149.60.45/~farbmetrik For recent publications of the TUB group see: http://130.149.60.45/~farbmetrik/XY91FEN.html(Only SC28 work on colour is described in the following report.)

The following ongoing projects in SC28 are related to colour and image technology.

A Technical Report ISO/IEC TR_29186 Test Method of Colour Gamut Mapping Algorithm for Office Colour Equipment and an International Standard ISO/IEC 21118 (Revision) Information to be included in Specification Sheets - Data Projectors. Both projects have the problem, that for offices there seem to be no standard conditions for the colour viewing process for both the colours on the display and the data projector. According to ISO 9241-306, Table B.1 the colours depend on the display itself, the application software and the physical environmental conditions (display luminance reflections).

Fig. 1: Colors in (C*ab, L*) diagrams for a LCD display with Lr=0 and 40%

Fig. 1 shows output colours in a CIELAB (C*ab, L*) diagram (left) and in a CIELAB (a*, b*) diagram (right). All output colours belong to a real LCD display with LED backlight and luminance reflections Lr=0% (top) and Lr=40% (bottom).There is a decrease of the grey and chromatic range from 100% for Lr=0% to about 30% for Lr=40%. Therefore the 3D size (volume) of the output gamut reduces from 100% for Lr=0% to about 3% (=0,33%) for Lr=40%. The last worse case may occur for a data projector and much daylight on the display. This daylight produces several black samples instead of the 9 equally spaced grey steps in the dark room (no display reflection). The lightness differences of several dark grey steps may be too small (ΔL* < 1) to be visible, see example in Fig. 2.The middle grey between white and black (top left) is not any more in the middle (bottom left). The lighter grey steps show larger differences compared to the dark ones. An output linearization method similar to ISO/IEC TR 19797 can make the spacing equal.

31

Fig. 2: Change of sample differences by a display reflection Lr=40%

Fig. 2 shows the change of sample differences of the 16 steps of an achromatic ISO-test chart according to ISO 9241-306, see http://www.ps.bam.de/ME16/10L/L16E00NP.PDF. For no luminance reflection Lr=0% the sample difference is ΔL* = 6,3. For a linearized output and Lr= 40% the sample difference is ΔL* = 2.3. If no linearization method is applied then four differences are below ΔL* < 1. Therefore 5 of 16 steps will appear equal and black. The spacing differences increase towards white.Fig. 2 explains the changes for the grey scale already known from Fig. 1 in the case of a change of the display reflection from Lr=0% to Lr= 40%. With a 16 page ISO-test chart the user can determine the value of the display reflection in his display viewing situation, see (1,6 MB, 16 pages)http://www.ps.bam.de/ME15/10L/L15E00FP.PDFTherefore in practice there are several problems with the two ongoing projects of SC28 “Gamut mapping Softcopy - hardcopy” and “Specification sheets: data projector”. The problems are for example related to the office viewing conditions and the display reflections. The proposed viewing of ISO/IEC TR_29186 - D50 (paper viewing) and D65 (monitor viewing) seems not practical (In Europe daylight has to be used in offices by EU regulations. The proposed viewing of ISO/IEC TR_29186 and ISO/IEC 21118 - shall consider the colour changes by the reflection of the ambient light.The International Standard ISO 9241-306:2008, Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays includes eight display reflections between 0% and 40% compared to the reference display reflection of white (100%) and can be considered.Germany has proposed in SC28 to consider the display reflection for both projects according to ISO 9241-306. This has not been accepted in the two different committees of SC28 up to now (June 2011).

Klaus Richter

32

L1-8: International Association of Lighthouse Authorities

EventsIALA held its quadrennial conference in Cape Town, South Africa in March 2010. The proceedings are available from the IALA website www.iala-aism.orgAt the conference IALA published the revised Maritime Buoyage System (MBS) and the 2010 Edition of the NavGuide, which gives an overview of Aids to Navigation pointing to specific guidelines and recommendations within the text.Topics of interest to CIE members were the introduction of synchronised and sequenced lights, flickering lights and the uses of LED’s in traditional Fresnel lenses.

PublicationsAfter the conference the committee’s had their work programmes approved for the next four years and have met in October (2010) and March (2011). There have been no publications of interest to CIE to date. However it is expected that the IALA Guideline “on Conspicuity of Aid to Navigation Signal Lights at Night” will be approved at the IALA Council meeting in late June.

Committee Activity The Aid-to-Navigation Management (ANM) and Engineering, Environment and Preservation (EEP) Committees of IALA are carrying out work in the area of visual conspicuity. Work is currently being developed on Guidance to members on “The floodlighting of lighthouses“, “Day-time conspicuity”, “Light Sources for use in Aids to Navigation” and “Simulation of Aids to Navigation”. Any input from CIE members would be welcomed.

Other Items of InterestThe GLAs R&RNAV Department has made its “Marine AtoN Light Calculator” available to download on the R&RNAV website. www.gla-rrnav.orgThe GLAs R&RNAV Department, in collaboration with the University of Leeds, is to repeat the experiment of Toulmin-Smith and Green with a view to extending the illuminance range covered.

Malcolm Nicholson Date: 7-Jun-2011Principal Development EngineerResearch and Radionavigation The QuayHarwichESSEX. CO12 3RRMalcolm.nicholson@gla-rrnav.org