MINORPROPHETS

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A prophet was a seer or one who could see into the future. In Israel prophets were sent to speak to the people on behalf of God. It seems that prophets had an inner compulsion to speak (Amos 3:8; Jeremiah 20:7-9) as they interpreted events from God's perspective. (Note Jeremiah 23:16 contrasting false prophets with those who relate God's instruction).

The prophets included both men and women from many different backgrounds. Some were kings (David and Solomon), some were priests (Ezekiel, Jeremiah), one was a farmer (Amos); some were young and some old.

The prophets received inspiration by the Holy Spirit (2 Timothy 3:16, 2 Peter 1:21) and were "come upon" (Numbers 24:2), "fell upon" (Ezekiel 11:5), "put on" (1 Chronicles 12:18), and "poured" upon (Joel 2:28,29). The personality of each prophet is evident in their prophecies and we often learn the most about the prophets from the books that carry their name.

A prophet was tested by fulfillment of his prophecies (Deuteronomy 18:22), if a future prophecy...immediate signs were often given (Isaiah 7:14), and often his life depended upon the accuracy and fulfillment of his prophecies.

The prophets showed people a personal God and explained what He wanted from His people. They spoke with authority ("Thus says the Lord."...Jeremiah 23:25-32) testifying of the true King-dom of the Living God.

When seeking to interpret the prophets, several guidelines are helpful: 1) normal and literal interpretation should be observed, and be careful not to spiritualize; 2) always interpret in harmony with all other prophecy or scripture; 3) observe the prophet's perspective (there can be immediate or future fulfillment or both); 4) be aware of the possibility of hundreds of years between these fulfillments; and 5) always interpret with Christ in mind (Revelation 19:10).

What about the prophetic role in the New Testament?

What Makes a Prophet?

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When studying prophecy we must be aware of the possibility of multiple fulfillment. When a prophet speaks there are four prophetic points toward which he knowlingly or unknowingly may be directing his prophecy.

Often much time passed before the ultimate fulfillment of a prophecy. This could be a period of decades or centuries. When we study prophecy these four prophetic points must be kept in mind for proper interpretation.

Prophet's view...the prophet spoke directly to specific situations and events of his own times. We must first look for Biblical and historical fulfillment that meant the most to the writer and recipient's present circumstances.

Captivity...the prophet often spoke about consequences that would come as a result of sin's disobedience. Many times this judgment found its fulfillment in the Assyrian or Babylonian captivities, which accomplished the exile and scatter of God's chosen people from their inheritance.

Christ...was the object of many prophecies. In fact, the testimony of Jesus was the spirit of prophecy (Revelation 19: 10). We must always look for Christ in the words of the prophets.

End times...are often pre-figured in the prophets. It is important to understand the elements of the end times (Revelation) to relate Old Testament prophecies with the goal of a strengthened hope!

Fulfilled in the Fulfilled after Fulfilled Fulfilled inProphet's Lifetime the Captivity in Christ the End Times

1 2 3 4

PROPHET'S VIEW

The Nature of Prophecy

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The chronology of placement differs from the order of each prophets’ place in the prophetic time line. What follows is the order each appears in the Bible with a brief theme and key verse that represents each prophet’s book. Take the time to read the first few verses of each book and highlight the key verse that is listed here. This will give you “guideposts” as you pursue more in-depth study.

Isaiah Christ is Salvation 53:6 Jeremiah Sin's Condemnation 6:16 Lamentations Weeping Prophet 1:16 Ezekiel Exiles-Ruined/Restored 21:27 Daniel Future Things 7:27

Hosea Love/Apostasy 14:4 Joel Blow the Trumpet 2:31,32 Amos Roaring Punishment 1:2 Obadiah Brother Violence 1:10 Jonah Compassion's Voice 1:3 Micah Unchanging Love 7:18 Nahum Nineveh's Doom 3:19 Habakkuk Just/Rejoice 2:4 Zephaniah Last Chance 2:3

Haggai Obedient Building 1:4,5 Zechariah Lord of Hosts 4:6 Malachi Sin's Dialogue 2:2

“Don’t feed the Bears” from an etching by Gustave Dore’ depicting the Bald Prophet.

The Prophets in Old Testament Placement

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How the Prophets Fit TogetherELIJAH

875-848 bc

ELISHA848-797 bc

OBADIAH855-840 bc

JOEL 877-837 bc

JONAH785-775 bc

AMOS760-750 bcHOSEA

750-715 bcMICAH

750-710 bcISAIAH

740-681 bcNAHUM

713 bc

ZEPHANIAH630 bc

HABAKKUK686 bc

JEREMIAH/LAMENTATIONS

626 - 585 bcDANIEL

605-530 bcEZEKIEL593-571 bc

HAGGAI520 bc

ZECHARIAH520-480 bcMALACHI440-430 bc

It is important to place a prophet’s message in original context whenever possible. Often the first few verses identify rulers and nations, and with a little background investigation can bring help in understanding the mes-sage of each prophet. The chart on the following page helps to illuminate the placement of each prophet. After a united period under three kings: Saul, David, and Solomon - the kingdom is divided into two parts: Israel in the north, and Judah in the south.

Notice the chronological listing of the prophets in the time-line to the right. Elijah and Elisha did not author specific books, but their prophecies and actions had a greater and more sweeping purpose than the so-called “writing” prophets. This we will discuss more fully as we consider Christ and the “fullness of times” in the prophetic message.

Elijah and Elisha prophesied during the early years of the Divided Kingdom. Their stories are found in 1 and 2 Kings. More than any of the prophets Elijah and Elisha make it clear what the Kingdom will look like when the King returns to the earth.

Obadiah and Joel write with sweeping pens about the coming judgment and ultimate outpouring of the Spirit during the end of days. Joel is the prophet quoted early in the book of Acts when tongues of fire appear accompany a huge ingathering of souls and the calling out of the Church.

Jeremiah, Daniel, and Ezekiel’s prophecies coincide with the exile of God’s chosen people. They are judged twice over a period of 100 years, with the Northern Kingdom (Israel) taken captive by the Assyrians, and the Southern Kingdom (Judah) finding the same fate at the hands of Babylon. Lamentations is Jeremiah’s prophecy as the holy city of Jerusalem falls in misery and defeat.

Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi all prophesy during the period of the Return and the repopulating of the Beautiful Land.

Jonah, Amos, Hosea, Micah, Isaiah, Nahum, Zephaniah, and Habakkuk all prophesy during the period of the Divided Kingdom leading up to the two captivities. In the opening of each book you will find either Israel, Judah, or the surrounding nations to be the recipients of their writings.

As you read and study each of the prophets remember that their books are given to us so that we may understand the extent and nature of the idolatry of the human heart. Each is a treasure for the Christ-follower who wishes to avoid the pitfalls of idolatry, and to love the Lord God with all of our heart, mind, soul, and strength.

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OLD TESTAMENT KINGS & PROPHETS This chart is provided to help you place the Old Testament Prophets in proper relationship to the Kings of Israel (north) and Juday (south). Scholarship differs slightly on the timespan and somewhat on the order of the prophets, but the following chart will give you a more than adequate “big picture” on their placement.

Kings of JUDAH Prophets Kings of ISRAEL

930 bc

900 bc

800 bc

722 bc

700 bc

500 bc

430 bc

Rehoboam (17 yrs)Abijam (3 yrs)

Asa (41 yrs)Jehoshaphat (25 yrs)Jehoram (12 yrs)Ahaziah (1 yr)Athaliah (6 yrs)

Joash (40 yrs)

Amaziah (29 yrs)

Azariah (Uzziah) (52)Jotham (16 yrs)

Ahaz (16 yrs)

Hezekiah (29 yrs)

Manasseh (55 yrs)

Amon (2 yrs)

Josiah (31 yrs)Jehoahaz (3 mos)Jehoiakim (11 yrs)Jehoiakin (3 mos)Zedekiah (11 yrs)

ELIJAH875-848 bc

ELISHA848-797 bc

OBADIAH855-840 bc

JOEL877 - 837 B.C.

JONAH785-775 bc

AMOS760-750 bcHOSEA

750-715 bcMICAH

750-710 bcISAIAH

740-681 bcNAHUM

713 bc

ZEPHANIAH630 bc

HABAKKUK686 bc

JEREMIAH626 - 585 bc

DANIEL605-530 bcEZEKIEL593-571 bcHAGGAI

520 bcZECHARIAH

520-480 bcMALACHI440-430 bc

BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY

First: 538 bcSecond: 458 bc

Final: 432 bc

ASSYRIAN CAPTIVITY

722 bc

400 SILENT YEARS

930 bc

900 bc

800 bc

722 bc

700 bc

500 bc

430 bc

Jeroboam (22 yrs)Nadab (2 yrs)Baasha (24 yrs)

Elah (2 yrs)Zimri (1 week)Omri (12 yrs)Ahab (22 yrs)Ahaziah (2 yrs)Jehoram (8 yrs)Jehu (28 yrs)

Jehoahaz (17 yrs)Jehoash (16 yrs)Jeroboam 2 (41 yrs)

Zechariah (6 months)Shallum (1 month)Menahem (10 yrs)Pekahiah (2 yrs)

Pekah (20 yrs)Hoshea (9 yrs)

ENGAGE!

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Welcome to the Prophet Hosea! We have chosen 14:4 as a key verse reflecting the theme of God’s love and Israel’s apostasy. A harlot is defined as one who commits adultery. But the Hebrew word is broader in that it includes one who commits idolatry. As you study this book consider the opportunities you have in your life to engage in adultery through idolatry. God’s love remains consistent. He remains faithful in His decision to love His own!

Also read the passages listed within the overview chart above. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? What do you learn about the relationship between the prophet’s marriage and his message?

It is hard to understand how a holy God could command one of His prophets to commit a seemingly unholy act. How would you have responded if you were in Hosea’s situation? Why did God command the marriage?

Open your heart as you read! Do you appreciate God’s loving faithfulness? Look for principles of His long-suffering love as you study Hosea. Do you see apostasy in your own life? Be honest as you study.

1-3 4-13 14

Prophet’sMarriage

1:2-9

"I will heal their apostasy, I will love them freely." 14:4

HOSEA Love/Apostasy

REJECTED4:7-10; 9:7-9

Prophet’s MessageThe nation is:

RESTORED14:4,9

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KEY FACTS ABOUT THE BOOK OF HOSEA

Hosea has been described as the prophet of the broken heart, for his family life becomes a tragic personal illustration of the relationship between Israel and God. Gomer is married to Hosea, Israel is betrothed to God. Both relationships begin in purity; both degenerated through impurity. Gomer runs after other men; Israel runs after other gods. Gomer commits physical adultery; Israel commits spiritual adultery. Hosea represents the love of God; Gomer the apostasy or abandonment of Israel from God.

AUTHOR AND AUDIENCE The prophet Hosea was from Israel prophesying to his native land. The people had sunk to all-time lows of idolatry and moral decline. Apostasy is a turning away from the truth once it has been revealed to you. Israel had turned aside from her husband (the Lord) and sought out other lovers to satisfy her needs. Hosea probably witnessed the fulfillment of his prophesies within several years. The message was probably penned in 750 B.C., just 25 years before the Assyrian captivity.

WHY STUDY THE BOOK OF HOSEA? In days when true religion is hard to discern and harlotry among God’s people continues to new depths, it is crucial that we focus in upon God’s hatred for flagrant sin in our lives. We need to “consider our ways” continually to identify and cut away idols wherever they appear.

We must also renew our vision of what it means to be married to our Lord. Just as in our own marriages we can grow distant and learn to lie to ourselves, we may also stray in our commitment to Christ as the years wear on. Soon the truth becomes difficult to discern and our hardness of heart can become concrete, sinking us into the waters of sin.

Hosea did not fear the consequences of all that he was instructed to do, at least not enough to keep him from complete obedience. We also have a responsibility to speak out against apostasy, first through dealing with the log in our own eye, and then tackling the speck in our brother’s eye! Don’t shrink back from honestly identifying and speaking out against apostasy in your own life or in the lives of others!

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A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990. Hosea Chapter Chart

1

3 4

5

6

7 8

9 10

11

12

Questions Chapter Title Verse

2

Read 1 Kings 15-20 for the historical background on Hosea. What was God’s purpose for the marriage? How can a holy God expect such a thing? What lesson did the name of each child teach?

What was to be the response of each child to their mother? What was to be Hosea’s continuing response to his wande-ring wife? Circle all of the “I Will’s” in chapter 2.

What was Hosea commanded to do with his wife?

Circle the specific sins of the people. How would you describe the people’s idolatry?

Where did Israel (Ephraim) turn in the midst of her troubles? What would they need to do to be delivered from their affliction?

What does the promise of 6:3 teach a believer today? Follow this verse’s theme throughout these passages (Hosea 6:4-6; 1 Samuel 15:22,23; Jeremiah 7:22,23; Matthew 12:7; Mark 12:33) What do you learn?

What was the fatal flaw in Israel’s choice for help?

Why was God so angry that Israel had turned to strangers? Which actions were especially angering to God?

How can a God who loves and forgives be a God who also punishes? Why was it necessary for Israel to be punished?

What is “fallow ground”? Israel was a vine that certainly showed foliage! How does God feel about her fruit?

What does this chapter reveal about God’s feelings toward His son Ephraim?

A number of references are made here to previous events mentioned in Genesis.

What about today?

The final two verses of the book give us the best possible appeal for application.1. Verse 8 makes it clear that God is our Provider. To turn to others for the role of provider is a dangerous and hurtful thing, as is evident in the history of Israel.2. The choice is clear. Walk or stumble. Do you believe that the ways of the Lord are right? Walk or Stumble!

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The word “apostasy” literally means to fly away or depart from. The New Testament Greek counterpart to this word contains the little preposition apo, which means away from, and histemi, meaning to stand. From this breakdown of the word, it can be concluded that an apostate at one time professes something (takes a stand) and another time denies that which was once professed (moves away from). Webster says that apostasy is the “abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; total desertion of the principles of faith”. For the purpose of continuity of thought we will define apostasy then as abandonment of that which was voluntarily professed.

Hosea has been described in your study as the prophet of the “broken heart”. The reason he is so described can be found in the tragedy of his marriage to Gomer who ABANDONED her husband for others. Gomer, who once PROFESSED a vow of life-long commitment to Hosea abandons that profession by acts of physical adultery. One could say she committed “apostasy” in her marriage to Hosea. This couple is a perfect picture of God’s relationship to Israel. Hosea represents the love of God, Gomer the apostasy or abandonment of Israel from God. Israel had committed acts of spiritual adultery...the nation in its relationship to God had become an apostate state (Hosea 5:15).

A STUDY OF APOSTASY: Listed below are passages which are intended to help clarify your understanding of this theme of apostasy. As you study, record insights you gain into the subject of apostasy to the right of each reference.

Genesis 4:5-16 with Jude 11_______________________________________________________________________

Genesis 19:12-26 with Luke 17:32___________________________________________________________________

Numbers 16:1-3, 10, 28-35 with Jude 11 _____________________________________________________________

Numbers 31:15-16 with Jude 11 ____________________________________________________________________

Hosea 14:4 ______________________________________________________________________________________

Luke 8:13 _______________________________________________________________________________________

John 8:44 _______________________________________________________________________________________

Acts 20:29-31 ____________________________________________________________________________________

2 Thessalonians 2:3_______________________________________________________________________________

1 Timothy 4:1-2__________________________________________________________________________________

Titus 1:16 _______________________________________________________________________________________

Hebrews 3:12-19; 4:1-2 ___________________________________________________________________________

Hebrews 6:4-6 __________________________________________________________________________________

Jude 6 __________________________________________________________________________________________

For further consideration.....1. Is it possible for a believer to commit apostasy? Use the passages listed above as well as others to support your answer.2. It has been said that familiarity with the truth can cause neglect. How does this statement apply to what you’ve learned about apostasy? How does the statement apply to your life as a student of God’s Word?

(CONTINUED)

APOSTATE STATE

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3. Jude 20-23 lists seven things you as a believer can do about apostasy. List those seven things and try to cite one exmple from the life and marriage of Hosea to Gomer which would serve to illustrate that principle.

What about apostasy today?The book of Hosea pictures God as a responsive husband who is willing to go to any lengths to cause His people to return to Him. God speaking through Hosea says...”I would redeem...” “I would heal...” but Israel refused (7:1, 13). Blinded by sin, the people rejected God’s gracious offers, and the heart of God was broken. Instead of compassion, God was forced to extend a hand of chastening-punishment instead of pardon, exile rather than encouragement.

Where are you grieving Christ by your stubborn refusal to respond to His grace? Pinpoint one area: a habit, an unchecked passion, a persistent sin. Then remember the choice is yours. You can either yield to His love, or feel His hand of discipline. Which will it be?

God’s Love

The Hebrew word describing God’s love appears 250 times in the Old Testament and six times in Hosea. Normally translated “lovingkindness”, it has the meaning “loyal love” and speaks of God’s unconditional covenant relationship with His people. Hosea 11:3,4 reveals what this love is really like...”I taught Ephraim to walk, I took them in My arms; but they did not know that I healed them. I led them with cords of a man, with bonds of love, and I became to them as one who lifts the yoke from their jaws, and I bent down and fed them”. We find loving, teaching to walk, nursing, feeding, and healing here--the role of a father and mother. In the last half of the quotation, we see the role of a husband tenderly drawing his wife to him with bonds of love. (The prophet Hosea knew first hand what was meant.) In spite of God’s loyal love to Israel, the nation still turned its back and rebelled. But something was holding God back from judgment and whatever it was, it was something that won out, for we hear three times repeated by God in 11:9, “I will not... I will not... I will not.” Israel was bent on apostasy, but God said, “How can I give you up?” (11:8) “I will not... I will not... I will not.”

Was there something in Israel that made God say, “How can I give you up?” When any person looks at Israel’s behavior, the answer to that question must unanimously be, “NO!” It was not something inherent within Israel but something that was God. That something is revealed in 11:8b...”My heart is turned over within me. All my compassions are kindled.” God says that His heart is moved to its depths. “How, being Who I am”, says God, “can I give you up?” (11:9) God’s loyal love led Him to the decision, “I will not”.

For your consideration and meditation...It is significant that Paul wrote both of the God of love and the love of God (2 Corinthians 13:11,14).. What distinction is Paul writing about in these two different phrases? From God’s other known attributes, we may learn much about His love. Write what you can learn about His love beside each of the following attributes. The first two are given as examples: Because God is...... His Love...... Self Existent His love had no beginning Infinite His love has no bounderies Holy Immense All-Knowing Just True Free All Powerful Unchanging Everywhere always Sovereign

LOVINGKINDNESS

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1 2 3"Before the great and awesome day of the Lord comes." - 2:31,32

JOEL Blow the Trumpet

BY NATIONS2:1,2,9-11

Desolation:

OF NATIONS3:14,19-21

BY NATURE1:1-3,15,20

Welcome to the book of Joel! We have chosen 2:31, 32 as key verses reflecting the theme of “The day of the Lord”. “The favorable year of the Lord” is spoken of in Isaiah 61:1,2 and Luke 4:17-21. This is the period of time in which man is given opportunity to hear testimony from God and to respond in reverence and obedience. “The Day of the Lord” is the period of time in which the wrath of God will fall upon all who have not found refuge during the ‘favorable year’. Man may spurn the favorable year but will in no way escape the ‘terrible Day’ of God!

Also note the passages listed within the overview chart above. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? What word or phrase would you use to describe the Day of the Lord?

It is hard to comprehend the awesome magnitude of the judgment of God. As God-followers we can find comfort in escaping the wrath to come. Yet our responsibility to blow the trumpet both to the church and those lost in unbelief is a task we must not take lightly!

Open your heart as you read! In what ways are you ‘blowing the trumpet’? How often do you consider the Lord’s Coming? Are you unmotivated and unaffected by world conditions and events, or actively preparing for the awesome day?

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KEY BACKGROUND to help you in your study of Joel

The book of Joel reads like the screenplay from a disaster movie: locust swarms, drought, famine, raging brush fires, invading armies, catastrophes in space. But why all of these fireworks in Joel? One reason becomes apparent at the end of the book: So you shall know that I am the Lord your God (3:17). Man can sin and rebel and have his heyday but God will have His day.

AUTHOR AND AUDIENCE Joel, the son of Pethuel, was a prophet to Judah in Jerusalem. He is possibly the oldest dated minor prophet. His name means ‘Yahweh is my God’. It is possible that Joel’s life overlapped those of Elijah and Elisha. He has been called the prophet of revival. The book was written in the first two decades of the reign of Joash (877 - 837 B.C.). Note 2 Kings 11:l4 and context.

WHY STUDY the book of Joel? The church today is in desolate condition. It has been laid waste by many spiritual foes, well described in 1:4. We study Joel for motivation in devotion to the true desires of God, redeeming the time, because His judgment will surely shake mankind from our complacency. The events of Joel give us cameo-insight into what we will study in the book of Revelation. How things will change upon the arrival of the King! Our fervor to blow the trumpet to the church and the lost must be rekindled. We cannot afford to be unresponsive in light of the coming Day!

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Here are some questions that will encourage you to dig deeply for interpretation in the book of Joel. You may wish to answer these questions as you read and title chapters.

CHAPTER 11. What was to be the impact of the message on the listeners? How does God establish the weightiness of the message?2. Circle the individuals or groups of individuals affected by this prophesied calamity.3. What was the recommended response to these events and conditions?4. What would you choose as your chapter title and key verse for chapter one?

CHAPTER 21. Note the term “Day of the Lord” in 2:1. Scan the entire book and circle this term at each occurrence.2. What action is requested from the people by God?3. Circle both uses of the term “blow the trumpet” in this chapter. What image does this place into your mind?4. Read Acts 2 and compare it with Joel 2. Why do you think that Joel is quoted at this point in Acts?5. What would you choose as your chapter title and key verse for chapter two?

CHAPTER 31. To what point(s) in history could 3:1 refer?2. Circle every place the word valley is used. Where and what is the “Valley of Decision”? (Note Revelation 16:13-16; 19:20,21)3. Reference Revelation 14:14-20. What are the comparisons between this chapter of Joel and this passage?

WHAT ABOUT TODAY? Truly this will be a horrible day! Often in a crisis our first reaction differs from that of 1:14. What can we learn from this response to natural disaster that will help us cope properly with personal disaster? Read Revelation 10:1-11 and examine your attitude toward the Day of the Lord. Do you feel that you experience the depth and balance of feelings that are revealed in the book of Joel?

A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990.

Joel Chapter Chart

1 2

Chapter Title Key Verse

3

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Why all these fireworks in the book of Joel? Why this display of calamitous events? So you will know that I am the Lord your God... (3:17). You can’t read Joel without coming to grips with an almighty God who controls the course of history.

In his graphic description of the destroying army, Joel says, ‘And the Lord utters His voice before His army...’ (2:11), thus emphasizing to the nation and us that the invading foe is acting under the direct command and control of God. What people today often refer to as ‘fate’, ‘misfortune’, ‘jinx’, ‘unlucky’, or ‘the way the cards fall’ is often without their knowing it as what insurance companies refer to in their policies as ‘Acts of God’.

While it can be said that not all calamity that strikes is a direct act of God, this will be the primary thrust of the study guide, since the calamity in Joel was a direct act of God. For a balanced view’s sake, however, the opening question will pertain to another cause of calamity to be considered.

1) Most people say that all of man’s achievements, his blessings, and his progress are attributed to his own ingenuity and greatness. However, when calamity and disaster strike, he is quick to blame God. What do the following passages teach you concerning considering other causes of calamity besides God? Proverbs 19:15 ___________________________________________________________________________ Proverbs 13:20 ___________________________________________________________________________ Proverbs 22:3 ____________________________________________________________________________ Proverbs 11:24 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2 Peter 2:13 ______________________________________________________________________________

2) In the book of Joel, the calamity that strikes is called ‘the day of the Lord’. Five times in Joel, this phrase appears, and you’ll find it more than 25 additional times in the Bible. Do a treasure hunt through the following verses to discover more about this Day! Write down observations concerning this calamity beside each passage. Isaiah 2:12; 13:6,9 _________________________________________________________________________ Amos 5:18 _______________________________________________________________________________ Ezekiel 13:5; 30:3 _________________________________________________________________________ Zephaniah 1:7, 14 _________________________________________________________________________ 2 Thessalonians 2:2 _______________________________________________________________________ 2 Peter 3:10 ______________________________________________________________________________

3) From the following passages consider what God’s purpose for calamity might be: Genesis 6:17 Acts 8:1 Genesis 50:20 1 Corinthians 11:29-30 2 Samuel 24:12-16 John 9:2-3 Nehemiah 9:26-27 Romans 8:28-29 Job 1:8-12 2 Corinthians 4:8-10 Matthew 5:44-48 (tough one!) Romans 5:3-4 Revelation 6:1-2, 10, 15-16 Acts 5:1-11

There is a lesson for us today from Joel. The Church is in a desolate condition. It is much like Noah’s ark - if it wasn’t for the storm on the outside, you couldn’t stand the stench on the inside. We are dangerously close to being ‘conformed to the world’ in nearly every way. As a result, much of the church has been laid waste by many spiritual foes well described in Joel 1:4 - ‘What the gnawing locust has left, the swarming locust has eaten; and what the creeping locust has left, the stripping locust has eaten.’ There is famine and drought in the Church. If we will return to the Lord, He will fulfill His promise to us by His outpouring of the Spirit and then He will ‘restore the years that the locust has eaten’. (2:25). Remember as you consider calamity ‘If we judged ourselves rightly, we should not be judged’. (1 Corinthians 11:31).

CONSIDERING CALAMITY

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1-2 3-6 7-9

Four Sins2:4-8

"The Lord roars from Zion." 1:2

AMOS Roaring Punishment

No Return4:1-6

Five Visions7:12-8:3

Welcome to the Prophet Amos! We have chosen 1:2 as a key verse reflecting the theme of God’s roaring punishment upon Israel. Punishment in the Scriptures is distinct from the concept of discipline. Discipline is hopeful for a change of heart. Punishment comes because change has not or will never take place. As you study this book consider the concept of punishment for choosing iniquity and the severe consequences for those who reject God’s truth.

Also read the passages listed within the overview chart above. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? What do you learn about the subject of punishment and how God feels about uncovered and unrepentant sin?

In 4:12 Amos tells Israel to “prepare to meet your God.” We can ridicule and revile authority all we want as a culture and as a nation, but God’s bottom line is judgment based on our response to His rulership! Amos understood that the people during his time (around 750 bc. during the reign of Jeroboam) needed a sharp and penetrating message to cut through their spiritual dullness and obvious complacency. His life as a sheepherder (1:1) probably fitted him for this difficult task!

Open your heart as you read! We study the book of Amos to motivate us in our understanding of the ultimate consequences of evil and to be impressed with the necessity of continuous revival. Are you aware of your need to be revived? Do you believe that God has a right to punish for sin?

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For what kinds of sin were the other nations judged?

What do you see as Judah and Israel’s primary sin?How do these sins compare with those of the other nations?

There are two strong pictures of God’s judgement in the book of Amos. The roaring lion is described in this chapter. Try to visualize the character of God’s judgement that is represented by this word picture. What is the other instrument of judgment?

How many different evidences of pride can you see exposed in this chapter?

God points out Israel’s religious hypocrisy. What are the acts of idolatry that God exposes and warns against? (2 Corinthians 10:5)

What actions have turned the blessings of God into a curse? (vs. 13)

What was the Plumbline supposed to accomplish? What does it have to do with the theme of the book?

What lesson did the summer fruit teach and how would it impact the hearers?

What does God say will happen in the future and to what future events do you think he is referring?

A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990. Amos Chapter Chart

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Questions Chapter Title Verse

2

What about today? Punishment comes as a result of hard-heartedness and lack of response to God’s en-treaties. It appears that all God has wanted from the beginning is for mankind to choose Him above self-interest and/or idols. What about your life? Do you take care to hold your life to God’s plumb line and to find the way of escape and hope?

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Welcome to the book of Obadiah! We have chosen 1:10 as a key verse reflecting the reason for Edom’s judgment. Sibling rivalry between the two brothers, Jacob and Esau, (Genesis 27) gave way to national hostility between their respective peoples, Israel (Jacob) and Edom (Esau). A long history of bitter dealings finds its culmination in the final annihilation of Edom.

Note the passages listed with the overview chart below. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? What do you learn about God’s feelings about Esau’s (Edom’s) heart?

In Obadiah we see the fruit of centuries of conflict. Generation after generation carried the bitter hatred that began with Jacob and Esau. What Biblical principles are illustrated here?

Open your heart as you read! Bitterness can consume an individual and even a nation. We are no match for the tentacles of bitterness. Do you harbor hatred in your heart for some past injustice? Would you consider yourself a person who is prone to being entrapped in bitterness?

1-14 15-17 18-21

Crimes Described

10-11

"Because of violence to your brother." 1:10

OBADIAH Edom Cut-offCase Tried

15Verdict

Pronounced18

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KEY BACKGROUND on the book of Obadiah

For the Edomites’ stubborn refusal to aid Israel, first during the time of wilderness wandering (Numbers 20:l4-21) and later during a time of invasion, they are judged and condemned by Obadiah. Rather than play the role of “brother’s keeper”, Edom allied itself with Israel’s enemies, even helping to sack the city of Jerusalem (10-14). From the time of Obadiah’s prophecy, Edom was continually subject to foreign powers. It lost its national identity before the time of Christ, and in A.D. 70 disappeared from the pages of history.

Author and Audience Obadiah was a resident of Judah. His name means “servant” or “worshiper of the Lord”. In all likelihood, He prophesied before the Babylonian captivity. The strength of Edom was in its capitol, Petra. The city was in a naturally fortified valley accessible only by a narrow 12 to 20 foot canyon between towering natural mountain walls 200 to 250 feet high. Inside this protected valley, the inhabitants made their homes by carving them into the rock. Most assuredly the Edomites probably scoffed at Obadiah’s prophecy and Judah probably doubted any possible fulfillment. And yet, a prophet of God proves correct - once again!

Why Study the book of Obadiah? Romans 12:18-21 speaks of the bitterness that motivated a nation for centuries. How are things in your own family? Your immediate church family? Is there someone with whom you are disputing? Don’t delay... learn from the example of Edom!

Here are some questions that will encourage you to “dig deeply” as you seek to interpret Obadiah. You may wish to answer the questions as you read. 1. What was at the center of Edom’s arrogance? 2. From where will their probable downfall arrive? 3. To which particular instance of Edom’s sin against Jacob is Obadiah referring? 4. What will be the extent of the judgment upon Edom? 5. In what ways will Jacob be exalted through Edom’s destruction? 6. What will be the final, glorious result of the complete fulfillment of Obadiah’s prophecy?

What about today? 1. What factors can be at the center of a 20th Century believer’s arrogance? 2. How can Obadiah’s message be applied to the body of Christ today? To the group of believers with whom you fellowship? 3. Make a list of all the potential “roots of bitterness” in your life. Learn from the example of Esau! We are not above sinning the sin of Esau. “Violence to our brother” is serious business... that is why “loving one another” is given such weight in the teachings of Christ. Don’t fall into the trap of hating your brother, however it may be disguised. Lack of concern, inactivity in helping, contributing to someone’s downfall... “brother-violence” can take many forms!

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Sibling rivalry between the twin brothers, Jacob and Esau, gave way to national hostility between their respective nations, Israel and Edom. For the Edomites’ stubborn refusal to aid Israel, first during the time of wilderness wandering (Numbers 20:14-22), and later during a time of invasion (Obadiah 10-14), they are judged and condemned by the prophet. Rather than play the role of “brother’s keeper”, Edom allied itself with Israel’s enemies, even helping to sack the city of Jerusalem. What a tragedy that the strife between Esau and Jacob, a contention settled in their own lifetimes (Genesis 32-33), should reappear in the form of bitter jealousy and hatred between their nations. Esau’s offspring maintained their bitterness toward Israel for more than 1,000 years and ultimately paid dearly for it. From the time of Obadiah’s prophecy, Edom was continually subject to foreign powers. It lost its national identity before the time of Christ and in 70 A.D. disappeared from the pages of history.

What about today? 1. If you could be transported back in time to the days of Esau and the Edomites, what counsel would you give them as to how they might get the better of bitterness in their lives?

2. In the New Testament, every mention of bitterness comes from a Greek word meaning “to cut, to prick”. The idea is one of pricking or puncturing. What principles can you glean from the following passages which relate to this New Testament definition of bitterness?

Luke 22:62 ___________________________________________________________________

Acts 8:23 _____________________________________________________________________

Hebrews 12:15 ________________________________________________________________

Matthew 18:21-32______________________________________________________________

Ephesians 4:31-32 ______________________________________________________________

3. Someone has said that you cannot nurture the Bitterness Plant and at the same time keep it concealed. The bitter root bears bitter fruit. In order for you to get the better of bitterness, study the following passages. List several ways you might apply these Scriptures to yourself personally in disputes you have had or are having with either someone in your family or the family of God.

Ephesians 4:2-3 __________________________________________________________________

Colossians 3:12-13 ________________________________________________________________

1 Timothy 1:15-17 ________________________________________________________________

Romans 12:18-21 _________________________________________________________________

Few things are more bitter than to feel bitter. A man’s venom poisons himself more than his victim. This principle is seen in the tragic demise of Edom as Obadiah predicted “As you have done, it will be done to you. Your dealings will return on your own head.” (verse 15) and “there will be no survivor of the house of Esau for the Lord has spoken” (verse 18).

We “stand at a fork in the road” just as did the Edomites (verse 14). We can choose to be bettered by bitterness or get the better of bitterness. Which way we turn will affect other relationships beyond even our own lifetime, just as it did for Esau and his people the Edomites.

BETTERING BITTERNESS

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Welcome to the book of Jonah! Jonah, being a prophet and a patriot doubtless knew that Assyria was destined to destroy Israel. (Is. 7:17-20) He also was aware to how exceptionally brutal they were. The prophet Nahum wrote of their blood-thirsty nature, “Woe to the bloody city”. (Nahum 3:1-4) Jonah is thought to have been a follower of Elisha and is mentioned in 2 Kings 14:25 during the reign of Jeroboam 2 which places the time around 782-753 B.C.

Also note the passages listed within the overview chart above. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? What to you think about the purpose of the book as it relates to Jonah? Why do you think Jonah is the central figure in the book? How does this differ from the rest of the prophets? In Jonah we see a “reluctant prophet”. What caused him to be reluctant? What do we learn from the book about God’s sovereignty? In what ways do you see yourself as a “reluctant servant”? We have chosen 4:10, 11 for the key verse because it represents the core of God’s instruction to this prophet. It is the extent of God’s compassion that forces Jonah to flee. This is the central message of the book. It is certainly a glimpse of Christ mirroring the words of Paul in Ephesians. 3:l4-19.

Open Your Heart as You Read! We cannot run from the Lord! Often God will request that we do things that we find distasteful or threatening. Yet the word of the Lord will be accomplished. We can either run or submit. His plans will be accomplished with or without our cooperation.

1 2 3 4

Storm1:9,12

"Should I not have compassion." 4:10,11

JONAH Compassion’s Voice

Fish2:9

Prophet3:4,10

Plant4:2,10

God speaks through a...

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KEY BACKGROUND on the book of Jonah The book of Jonah is unique among the books of the prophets in that it records only one sentence of prophecy, addressing itself rather to the conflict between God and the prophet Jonah. We should walk a few miles in Jonah’s sandals before too self-righteously condemning his reluctance to preach to Nineveh. Nineveh was Assyria’s crown jewel. Jonah, being a prophet and a patriot doubtless knew that Assyria was destined to destroy Israel. (Isaiah 7:17-20) He also was aware of how exceptionally brutal they were. The prophet Nahum wrote of their blood-thirsty nature, “Woe to the bloody city”. (Nahum 3:1-4)

AUTHOR AND AUDIENCE Jonah’s name means “dove”. He was the son of Amittai (2 Kings 13:25). There is an old Jewish tradition that Jonah’s mother was the widow of Zarephath and that Elijah raised Jonah from the dead (1 Kings 17:8-24). He was a native of the Northern Kingdom and a prophet to his own people, though his recorded message and mission was in Nineveh.

“The city of Nineveh was quite large, having a circumference of sixty miles that took three days to journey through (3:33). There also was a minimum of 600,000 people (4:11). Before Jonah came to Nineveh, two plagues had swept the city (765 and 759 B.C.) and a total eclipse of the sun occurred in 763. These may give a clue to the city’s sudden repentance. Israel’s overthrow by Assyria is predicted in Isaiah 7:17-20. He (Jonah) was the only prophet told to prophesy outside of the land and the only one that refused.” (Excerpted from class notes, Dallas Seminary, John D. Hannah.)

WHY STUDY JONAH? God had a marvelous way of bringing His children great opportunities sometimes disguised as impossible situations. Are you ready for God to do the unexpected in you and through you? Jonah wasn’t. Are you prepared to handle “impossible situations” (Luke 18:27) today? Jonah couldn’t. This may mean a shift in plans, an interruption, or an imposition. You have a choice. These situations can be treated as enemies or opportunities.

God is a God of graceful providence in second chances. Possibly you’ve blown it before with God and feel you can no longer be used by God because of past performance. If so, Jonah is a man and book for you to consider.

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Here are some questions that will help you to dig deeply for interpretation in the book of Jonah. You may wish to answer these questions as you read and title chapters.

CHAPTER 1 Why did Jonah run away? What do you think that the phrase “from the presence of the Lord” means? In what ways do you think this chapter reveals God’s compassion?

CHAPTER 2 Would you view the fish as an instrument of punishment? In what ways can we draw a comparison between Jonah’s three days in the belly of a great fish and Christ’s three days in the heart of the earth? (Note Matthew 12:39-41)

CHAPTER 3 Did God change His mind in any way? Can you think of any reasons why the Ninevites would respond so strongly to Jonah’s simple message?

CHAPTER 4 What does verse two tell us about Jonah the man and Jonah the believer? What do you think that Jonah considered his “good reason” of verse nine?

WHAT ABOUT TODAY? As you think about God’s compassion compared with your own, meditate on Matthew 24:12,13. Consider if you have good reason to harbor anger or if there is anyone from whom you are withholding God’s compassion! Besides God’s obvious compassion on Nineveh, take note of his patience and gentle correction of Jonah. Call to mind some of the times that God has shown specific compassion on you! Meditate on Jonah’s prayer by trying to put yourself in his place. Could you be thankful for being in the belly of a fish? God’s process of salvation and deliverance is not often what we would choose. Can you, like the Apostle Paul, honor God in all circumstances? (2 Corinthians 12:9,10)

A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990.

Jonah Chapter Chart

1 2

Chapter Title Key Verse

3 4

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Welcome to the Book of Micah We have chosen 7:18 as a key verse for the book that reflects the theme of God’s matchless mercy and unchanging love. Even against the backdrop of His lengthy indictment of both Israel and Judah, God’s message of unchanging love is crystal clear. Also note the passages listed within the overview chart below. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? We have chosen 7:18 for our key verse reflecting the theme of unchanging love.

Micah’s name means who is like Yahweh. He was a contemporary of Isaiah and prophesied during the time of the Northern Kingdom’s captivity to Assyria (Isaiah 7-12). His specific prophecies include: Samaria’s Fall (1:6-7), the invasion of Sennacherib (1:9-16), Jerusalem’s Fall (3:12; 7:23), Babylon’s exile (4:10), and return from captivity (4:1-8; 7:11,14-17).

Open your heart as you read! We cannot run from our Lord! Often God will request that we do things that we find distasteful or threatening. Yet the word of the Lord will be accomplished! We can either run or submit. His plans will be accomplished with or without our cooperation. God is a God of compassion, choosing to display His compassion in the world through Jesus Christ and the servants of His own dear Son!

The book of Micah can help us to receive further instruction about the judgment and wrath of God, helping to emphasize our responsibility, and to focus upon the coming King and His Kingdom. This can motivate us in living for that which is eternal versus that which is temporal. In a world where the standards for love shift constantly, God’s love remains constant. Are you growing in your understanding of true love? Is true love even possible today?

1-3 4-5 6-7

LISTEN to the Truth

"Because He delights in His unchanging love." 7:18

MICAH Unchanging Love

PREPARE for the Day

WAIT in Hope

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What does God mean when He says that Samaria is the rebellion of Jacob? To What sin do the “high places” of Judah refer?

What is the common theme of the “woes” in this chapter?

What verse in chapter 2 explains the erroneous thinking of the leaders? Would God’s presence save them?

Notice how this chapter marks a change in attitude within the book. While we still see the judgment it takes on more a character of discipline with a hopeful purpose. Which verse best reflects this emphasis?

What New Testament teachings about Jesus Christ are supported in this chapter?

How does the indictment of this chapter differ from those in chapters 1-3?

Notice the use of the term unchanging love. In what ways is this chapter a promise?

What about today? It is neat to think about God’s unchanging love. Human love can be so fickle that security can be difficult to find. But God delights in His consistent compassion for His children. What a privilege to know and be known by the Living God!

A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990. Micah Chapter Chart

1

3

4

5

6

7

Questions Chapter Title Verse

2

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Welcome to the Book of Nahum! We have chosen 3:19 as a key verse for Nahum as it reflects the theme of Nineveh’s doom. In recent years it has been popular to caricature present prophets of doom as bearded, unkempt, shabbily dressed individuals who stand on corners with signs that read “The End is Near.” It is not popular to carry the message of doom for a nation or the human race, and yet judgment upon arrogant nations and compassion for those hidden in Christ is as sure as life and death itself!

Also note the passages listed within the overview chart above. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? What to you think about the purpose of the book as it relates the message of Nahum? Compare the background of Jonah (the first prophet sent to Nineveh) with that of this second prophet, Nahum. The seductive deceitfulness of sin and its foothold in the human race is apparent in the lives of the Ninevites! In Jonah we learned about a reluctant prophet. In Micah we viewed the merciful prophet. In Nahum we find the doomsday prophet. The grace and mercy of God is never-ending, but one day will come to an end!

Open your heart as you read! Is the announcement and description of what is coming motivating to you? Does your testimony of the Gospel include telling it like it is? Does God’s righteous pronouncement of doom upon the nations make you angry - and do you think such action is vindicated? Though God will forgive sin repented (Jonah), He will not condone sin persisted (Nahum)! Nations may live like there is no tomorrow but God has proven through history that tomorrow will come.

1 2 3

BALANCED SCALES

1:3,7

"There is no relief for your breakdown." 3:10

NAHUM Nineveh’s DoomA RIPPLED

POND2:8,10

BLOODY CITY3:1,19

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KEY FACTS about the book of Nahum When Nahum proclaimed to Nineveh “you will be hidden”, he meant what he said! After Nineveh’s destruction in 612 B.C., the city lay obliterated and undiscovered for nearly 2,500 years! Alexander the Great fought the battle of Arabia in 331 B.C. very close to the “hidden city” and had no knowledge of the city’s previous existence. Napoleon camped near its site; he, too, was not aware of it. Many scholars thought the reference to Nineveh in the Bible was only mythical. It seemed that no such city ever existed. In 1845, a man by the name of Layard discovered and uncovered the ruins of Nineveh. The ruins of the magnificent palaces of the Assyrian king and thousands of inscriptions were unearthed which gave us the Assyrians’ story - penned by the Assyrians themselves.

AUTHOR AND AUDIENCE Nahum’s name means “consolation” or “comforter”. This book was probably written before 612 B.C. (the historical date of the overthrow of Nineveh). This event was both a comfort to Israel and a curse. It pointed to the righteous judgment of Nineveh (for her crimes) but also to the unrighteous state of the people of God themselves (for her crimes). The ultimate “comfort” is found in the fact that God is and will be vindicated - and that this is a blessing to all. The Northern Kingdom has fallen (722 B.C.) and the invasions upon Judah by Sennacherib have begun (2 Kings 18).

Over 100 years have passed since Jonah walked the streets of Nineveh proclaiming his ominous message of “turn or burn”. Now it is no longer possible to repent. God’s judgment will come upon the cruel and disobedient nation of Assyria, and nothing can stop it. Nineveh, the capital, would be destroyed “with an overrunning flood”, a prophecy which literally came true. Heavy rains caused the Tigris river to overflow its banks and destroy the city walls, allowing both the river and the Babylonian army to sweep in like a flood in 612 B.C. Nahum’s prophecy was not a call to repentance but a statement of final doom.

Why Study the book of Nahum? Nineveh proclaims to us the final vindication of right against wrong (Revelation 6:10; Romans 12:19). All wrongs will be righted by God. Though sometimes it may appear to those who wait that God is “asleep” or “disinterested”, He has promised and proven that “vengeance is Mine”! We must learn to wait upon the Lord and not take justice into the hands of the unjust!

The walls of Nineveh were 100 feet high, and so broad that three chariots could be driven on them side by side. These walls were fortified with 1500 foot towers, each 200 feet high; and the area of the city encompassed 350 square miles with a population over a million. Nothing and no one is invincible. We study Nahum to keep God’s perspective on thinking we can hide our sin. The person who hides his or her sin may be buried by it, like the city of Nineveh!

Are there some “hidden sins” in your life?

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Here are some questions that will help you “dig deeper” as you consider the message of the “Doomsday Prophet”!

CHAPTER ONE What aspects of God’s character are revealed in this section? What phrase is repeated in verses 8 and 9? What made Nineveh contemptible in God’s sight? What is the significance of 1:15 and how does it contrast with the rest of the chapter?

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE________________What about today? Today we often emphasize the fact that our God is loving and forgiving. How does Nahum’s message relate to such a view of God? Do you personally have a problem with a God who can judge this harshly? How can such sadness for many be a cause of happiness for others (verse 15)? “Doomsday prophecy” is not popular. God has called us to announce the bad news of His judgment against sin in light of the “Good News” of Christ!

CHAPTER TWO What will be the result of Nineveh’s judgment upon Israel? What is the irony in the “water” image in this chapter? What is being portrayed in 2:10-12? Who are the “young lions” and what is their role? What do you think that the messengers who were cut-off had been saying?

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE________________What about today? Here is an image of security that is amazingly and devastatingly smashed. Verse 12 reveals the spoils of idolatry which give an illusion of permanence. We must be careful not to live for today’s illusions. That which is material will simply not translate to the heavenly kingdom. Are you building your own “walls of security”? Our “beautiful pools” can wash away overnight!

CHAPTER THREE How would you summarize Nineveh’s crimes? Note verse 7 in conjunction with Nahum’s name. How do you think Nineveh would have responded to this message? Verse 19 could be considered Nineveh’s memorial.

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE________________What about today? Record a list of the crimes that your nation could be charged with today. Now make a similar list for the “church.” Crimes against the Father will not go unpunished! Doom is announced, described and vindicated. Irving Jensen notes that in Nahum we find a Psalm of God’s majesty (1:1-2:2) and a Dirge of Nineveh’s destruction (2:3-3:19). And so we see both the sign of Jonah and the sequel to the story of a nation who refuses to be renewed to repentance. The sign has been given to the nations - and the sequel is imminent!

A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990. Nahum Chapter Chart

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DOOMSDAY The Scriptures teach a basic principle which has a direct application both for Nineveh as well as our own nation: “To whom much is given, much shall be required”. Nineveh had been given the privilege of knowing the one true God. Under the preaching of Jonah, this capital city of the Assyrian Empire had repented, and God mercifully stayed His judgment. Now, 150 years later, Nineveh rebels rather than repenting and experiences not deliverance but destruction... “with an overrunning flood”. This prophecy literally came true as the Tigris river overflowed its banks and destroyed the city walls, allowing both the river and the Babylonian hordes to sweep in like a flood.

The U.S. has been abundantly blessed by God and the same principle of “to whom much is given, much shall be required” applies. But where did Nineveh go wrong between Jonah and Nahum and what makes a Nineveh nation? The following principles are given as a forewarning for our own nation - as well as individual believers:

A. Failure to communicate spiritual lessons to offspring...Nineveh’s revival was short-lived, not because the people involved were insincere in their repentance, but because apparently they failed to pass on their newfound knowledge of God to the succeeding generation.

B. Resting on spiritual laurels of the past...You will never win today’s battles by dreaming of yesterday’s victories; nor conquer today’s temptations by falling back on yesterday’s successes. The Assyrians assumed one revival was enough for any nation, and overnight they fell from prominence.

C. Pride in your own resources...So that you fail to depend on God. As long as a people are proud, they cannot know God. A proud person is always looking down on things and people; and, of course, as long as you are looking down, you cannot see something that is above you. This was a Nineveh problem.

D. Worshipping the created more than the Creator...We have become a nation of idolaters. Our idolatry may not be as crude as the Assyrians but it is just as destructive. The shrines of material wealth, military power, personal pleasure, prestige, and popularity are crowded with worshippers..

What about today?Proverbs 14:34 says “Righteousness exalts a nation but sin is a reproach to any people”. What other principles can you find in the following passages which determine a nation’s destiny? Psalm 33:12 2 Peter 3:9 Isaiah 60:12 Revelation 12:9 Genesis 19:13 Psalm 106:47 Matthew 24:12 Jeremiah 10:25

When Nahum proclaimed to Nineveh, “...you shall be hidden he meant what he said! After Nineveh’s destruction; in 612 B.C., the site lay obliterated and undiscovered for nearly 2,500 years! It noteworthy that in the last days the prophesies of Daniel, Ezekiel, and Revelation appear to make no mention of the United States of America.

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Welcome to the book of Habbakuk! We have chosen 3:18 as a key verse for Habakkuk that reflects the theme of the “justified ones” rejoicing in God no matter what the circumstance. When considering the outcomes in life it is easy to ask the question why rather than waiting and trusting in the justice of God. A lost loved one, a missed opportunity, God’s discipline for our sin...these are examples of circumstances that test our true trust in God!

Also note the passages listed within the overview chart below. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? What do you learn about circumstances as you consider these section titles and central passages? How does the key verse reflect the theme? The burdens of our life must be taken to God where we can receive His vision concerning the big picture - as well as our adjustment to circumstances through prayer!

Open your heart as you read! Do you ever encounter difficulties or questions about life that cause you to struggle? Do you find yourself with limited resources and insight to answer and satisfy such tough questions? Are you learning the patience of waiting through these circumstances in joyful, yet painful expectation?

1 2 3

ABURDEN

1:1-4

"Yet I will exult in the Lord!” 3:18

HABBAKUK Just Rejoice!A

VISION2:1-5

A PRAYER

3:16-19

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KEY FACTS about the book of Habakkuk Habakkuk was the last of the minor prophets of Judah, and could be called the “Patient Prophet”. Habakkuk would have to endure Judah’s imminent destruction and patiently await the faithful restoration by God. He would simply have to rejoice despite the circumstances! There were six minor prophets in all that prophesied to Judah. Obadiah was the “Bitterness Prophet”. He spoke to Israel of the judgment that would come upon the descendants of Esau, Jacob’s brother. Joel could be called the “Latter Days Prophet”, Micah the “Merciful Prophet”, Nahum the “Doomsday Prophet”, and Zephaniah the “Last Chance Prophet”. Together they composed the final message for the nation of Judah before the sorrowful captivity that would last for nearly a century.

AUTHOR AND AUDIENCE Habakkuk has been called “The Embracer of Why”. Luther said, “...Habakkuk means a heartener, or one who takes another to his heart and his arms, as one soothes a poor, weeping child, telling it to be quiet”. Israel has been taken captive by the Assyrians and the Babylonian captivity is so close that the hot breath of the Babylonians is felt upon the neck of her victims. Habakkuk answers the question “How close were they?!”

Habakkuk observes violence and injustice on every hand. What he sees causes him to cry out, “Why are the wicked prospering in your nation, Lord? Why are the righteous beaten down? Why don’t you do something to right the wrongs of society?” God’s reply stuns Habakkuk. “I am doing something, Habakkuk. I am about to use a nation even more corrupt than Judah..the Chaldeans...to cleanse My people of their wickedness!” In stunned disbelief, Habakkuk responds, “How in the name of holiness can you do that, God?” And when God patiently answers the prophet’s question, Habakkuk responds in prayer and praise.

Why Study the book of Habakkuk? Don’t be afraid to bring your hard questions to God. But be prepared for a shock when He answers them! People do not sin by asking questions. We sin when we are not willing to accept God’s answer. We also need to learn to wait on God (Psalm 27:14). People say that God does not speak to men today as He did long ago. A truer statement is that men do not listen today as they did in days gone by. To the man who waits patiently - God will not remain silent.

The life that pleases God is the life of faith. We study Habakkuk because as God-followers, we need a “faith lift”. (brother...)

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CHAPTER 1 How would you paraphrase Habakkuk’s questions into one specific question? In a phrase or sentence - how would you describe the condition of the nation at this point? As God speaks, do you feel He directly answers the question that Habakkuk had asked? What is Habakkuk’s first response? Where was Judah’s present source of pride?

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE________________

What about today? What is the most heartfelt question that you have ever asked God? There is a distinct difference between asking questions of God and questioning God. Would you say that you are willing to receive God’s answers to your questions and accept them by faith? Read 2 Corinthians 5:1-10 with regard to our circumstances.

CHAPTER 2 What do we learn of Habakkuk’s attitude in this chapter? In what ways has it changed or stayed the same as in the proceeding chapter? How can 2:4 be related to Habakkuk? To the nation? What specific crimes are described within this vision? What could be a present day example of 2:15? From this chapter, why would you say that it is easier sometimes for man to have idols rather than serving the Living God?

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE________________

What about today? Would you classify yourself as someone who is patient or impatient when it comes to waiting? How does 2:4 speak to your current spiritual condition? 2 Peter 3:10-18 gives some valuable teaching on the issue of waiting!

CHAPTER 3 What exactly is Habakkuk requesting in verses one and two of this chapter? What is going on inside of Habakkuk, and how do verses 3-7 give you a clue? How would you paraphrase his request in verse 8? How did God’s response make Habakkuk feel? Paraphrase the prophet’s words in 3:17.

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE________________

What about today? What principles can we learn about prayer from the example of Habakkuk? What kinds of things do you request when you pray? Note Hebrews 12:1-13 with regard to patient endurance. Habakkuk learned a lesson that few men and women are willing to receive! (You might say that he received a “faith lift” for his sagging countenance!)

A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990. Habakkuk Chapter Chart

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Habakkuk observes violence and injustice on everywhere in Judah. What he sees causes him to cry out to God with his perplexing questions: “Why are the wicked prospering in your nation, Lord? Why are the righteous beaten down? Why don’t you do something to right the wrongs of society?” God’s reply is even more shocking than the condition of Judah. “I am doing something, Habakkuk. I am about to use a nation even more corrupt than Judah...the Chaldeans...to cleanse my people of their wicked ways.” In stunned disbelief, Habakkuk responds with confidence in God in spite of painful circumstances.

For Your Consideration...1. It is easy to take the familiar words of Scripture and casually slide over them without feeling their full impact. For example, read 1 Thessalonians 5:18 aloud. Do you understand the significance of those words? “In EVERYTHING - good times and bad, sickness and health, at the first of the month and the last, when you have a job and when you don’t...give thanks: for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus concerning you.” Now try the same with the last 3 verses of Habakkuk’s book: “Although the fig tree shall not blossom (or the stock market rise, or my salary go up with inflation, or my health return)...yet I will rejoice in the Lord.”

2. Find out what the name “Habakkuk” means and how it might relate to “rejoicing in justice” and having confidence in even painful circumstances.

3. In the face of all painful circumstances, the believer has 3 responsibilities. See if you can list these opportunities with each series of verses:

James 1:2Acts 5:41Romans 5:3

James 1:12 1 Corinthians 10:13b

Matthew 6:13John 17:12-15

It has been accurately said, “Sometimes the Lord calms the storm; more often He lets the storm rage and calms His child”. Within the book of Habakkuk, this statement is certainly verified as the Chaldean storm rages over Israel. In spite of that storm, the prophet is able to rejoice (ch. 3) in the midst of a painful circumstance. To conclude this study, observe the prophet’s perspective in a painful position:

He waits on God...2:1;3:16 He knows God will correct him...2:1He knows God will be glorified...2:14 He worships in the midst of trials...3:2He recognizes majesty...3:3-4 He recognizes God’s consistency...3:6b

UNJUST STORMS

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Welcome to the Prophet Zephaniah! We have chosen 2:3 as a key verse: “Seek the Lord, all you humble of the earth who have carried out His ordinances; seek righteousness, seek humility. Perhaps you will be hidden in the day of the Lord’s anger”. Once again we see repentance based upon humbling of heart and humanity before the awesome authority of our Creator. Only true repentance assures escape from the wrath that will surely come.

Also note the passages listed within the overview chart below. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? What to you think about the purpose of the book of Zephaniah?

Open your heart as you read! The times of King Josiah the were times of renewal through repentance. You can read about Josiah in 1 Kings 22-23. By rediscovering God’s Word, the people rediscovered God. Zephaniah offers us an opportunity to learn more about the character of God as He continually offers chances for repentance - at least up to a point! He challenges us to be silent where we are to be silent, to be pure where He requires purity, and to seek Him diligently during these days of last chances!

1 2 3

BE SILENT1:7-13

"Seek the Lord, perhaps you will be hidden." 2:3

ZEPHANIAH Last ChanceSEEK THE

LORD2:3,10

BE PURE3:

2,8,12,13,20

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Here are some questions that will help you to dig deeply for interpretation in the book of Zephaniah. You may wish to answer these questions as you read and title chapters.

CHAPTER 1 What was God’s problem with Judah? What was His strategy for helping them turn away from their idolatry? What time period does this seem to be referring? What do the people seem to think that God will not do?

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE________________

What about today? It is easy to fashion the Living God in our own image and to speak for Him concerning what He will and will not do. Judgment for choices made is not a popular outcome for us because we ultimately hate to be accountable to anyone. What about you? Are you satisfied to live your life as someone who will give an account to your Creator?

CHAPTER 2 What was God’s advice to those who were willing to listen? Judah’s enemies were not exempted from judgment concerning their idols. In fact, many of the nations of the prophets days disappeared permanently because of their idolatry toward the Living God. What will God do to the gods of the earth?

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE________________

What about today? Idolatry is not passive. If we listen to her voice we gain insight into the wandering nature of our hearts. What were the attributes of the idols of Zephaniah’s times? What are the attributes and voices of the seductive idols that surround you? CHAPTER 3 What is the “remnant” and what is God’s purpose for her? What is God’s advice to Judah? How does this reflect a spiritual principle? How will they know that God is in their midst?

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE________________

What about today? How do you see God as a “victorious warrior” in your life? In what ways do you feel you are waiting for God? How have you observed God to be quiet in His love?

A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990. Zephaniah Chapter Chart

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Welcome to the book of the prophet Haggai! We have chosen 1:4 as a key verse for Haggai. The phrase “Is it Time?” reflects the purpose of the book of Haggai. God seeks to motivate His returned remnant to the task of rebuilding the temple. Many seek to build upon the foundation of Jesus Christ. Paul talks about this in 1 Corinthians 3:10-15. Are you a masterful or a mediocre builder?

Note the passages listed within the overview chart above. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? Is your contribution to the Kingdom of God an edifice of perishable stubble or a storehouse of imperishable truth and good deeds? What do you learn about obedient building as you study these section passages and key verse? Haggai is the first of the “restoration prophets” because Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi prophesied to those coming out of captivity, urging them to return to Jerusalem and to rebuild the walls of the city (Nehemiah) and to restore the glory of the Temple (Ezra).

The people were encouraged to consider their ways and to make sure of their availability to the task! We know very little about Haggai himself (Ezra 5:1; 6:14), but his name means celebration. He was apparently part of one of the first groups to return from Babylon, and his prophecies probably followed the return of 520 B.C. To Haggai fell the important task of inspiring the returning remnant to place first things first.

Open your heart as you read! An obedient builder has a reverence for God that will be reflected in his or her concern for proper priorities. Are your priorities in line with God’s desires for you? Is your paneled house more important to you than rebuilding the house of the Lord!? What is the “house” of God?

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REVERENCE FOR GOD

Priorities...1:2-6Produce...1:7-14

"Consider your ways" 1:4,5

HAGGAI Obedient BuildingENCOURAGEMENT

FROM GODVision...2:3-5

Acceptance...2:20-23

1 2

Here are some questions that will help you to dig deeply for interpretation in the book of Haggai. You may wish to answer these questions as you read and choose titles for chapters.

CHAPTER 1 How would you describe God’s attitude in this chapter? Who was Zerubbabel and what was his role in Israel? What was the problem? What was the response of the people?

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE ________________

CHAPTER 2 Read Ezra 3:11-13. What does this passage teach you about some of the emotions involved in rebuilding? Notice how many dates are mentioned in these two short chapters. What significance do you think these dates carried to those who had returned? (Note Jeremiah 25:9-11; Daniel 9:1,2)

TITLE ______________________________________________ KEY VERSE________________

CONCLUSIONThere are four critical statements from God in these two instructive chapters. Note each one in your Bible. What would you determine is the purpose for each statement? 1:4 Is it time? _________________________________________________ 2:4 I am with you... _________________________________________________ 2:18 From this day... _________________________________________________ 2:23 I will make... _________________________________________________

What about today? Haggai is a companion prophet to the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. He tries to motivate the unmotivated to set aside their entanglements and press on with their previous commitment to rebuild!

Someone has said that Haggai, chapter one, is a commentary on inflation. How can financial inflation be tied in to our spiritual condition? The need for self-examination and reflection is evident throughout the Scriptures. Do you find yourself considering your ways on a consistent basis? What types of entanglements siphon your strength to “rebuild”?

A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990. Haggai Chapter Chart

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It’s Building Time! May the Lord give us the grace to build wisely, effectively and consistently. Consider the “Temple” as it applies to you today as individual believers and as part of the body of Christ. What is the Temple for a follower of Christ? Is the temple being built or is it lying desolate? (Philippians 1:6; 1 Corinthians 6:17-20; 3:8-23)

Throughout history, men have built magnificent monuments as memorials to mankind. There are the great pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal of India, the Eifel Tower of France, to the Empire State Building of America. Throughout Scripture as well, we have written memorials to men who were obedient builders for God. The things built were not always made up of brick and mortar but they frequently outlasted such crumbling remains.

In the book of Haggai, we have a prophet “who said it with bricks”. This Old Testament prophet saw one of the fastest responses to his message of any Old Testament prophet. The Temple was completed within four years of his first prophecy. What was the secret of this obedient builder and others like him throughout history?

For your consideration...Write down principles for building for God from the following passages:

Exodus 18:17-23__________________________________________________________________

Genesis 12:1-4____________________________________________________________________

Nehemiah 2:12-15; 4:6_____________________________________________________________

Nehemiah 3:10, 17, 18, 21, 23, 28, 29, 30______________________________________________

1 Kings 5:3-7_____________________________________________________________________

John 17:4-17______________________________________________________________________

2 Corinthians 4:8-10_______________________________________________________________

In the days of Haggai, God’s work had ground to a halt for fourteen years! The people’s interests had shifted to more “pressing” matters like the building of homes and careers. The prophet had to deal with a half-built temple and a half-hearted people. And yet, the work was still accomplished.

We are unlike Haggai in one way and like him in another. God has commissioned us not to a church building but rather to building the church through His power. Perhaps you are embracing a half-hearted people as Haggai was. Remember God’s accomplishments through the prophet. We must maintain our resolve to “build yourselves up in your most holy faith as you pray in the Holy Spirit” (Jude 20)!

IT’S BUILDING TIME!

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CONSIDER YOUR WAYS! With a series of stinging sermonettes, Haggai rebukes the people for misplaced priorities and admonishes them to complete the task God had set before them - rebuilding the temple. In 1:4, the Lord speaks through the prophet, “Is it time for you yourselves to dwell in your paneled houses while this house lies desolate?” The selfishness of the people is stressed by the repeated pronoun “for you yourselves.” Unlike David who in 2 Samuel 7:2 lived in a cedar house but longed to build a temple for God, these people think only of themselves.

Not only were the people able to build houses, they were fancy ones at that. Unlike today, in Haggai’s age, paneling connoted luxury and was associated with royal dwellings, such as the palace built by Solomon (I Kings 7:3, 7: Jeremiah 22:14). These houses were paneled with cedar and even though the type of wood is not stated in Haggai, it might have been the famous cedar from Lebanon. We do know that Zerubbabel and Joshua did purchase cedars from Lebanon for the temple upon their return from exile (Ezra 3:7). It is very possible that the construction delay of fourteen years on the temple had tempted the Jews to use this “temple cedar” on their own homes rather than see it go to waste. If that is the case, then the words of 1:4 - ”Is it time for you yourselves to dwell in your paneled houses while this house lies desolate?” contains not only a rebuke but a note of sarcasm as well!

For your consideration... How can the seeming inconsistency between the people’s prosperity be reconciled with their poverty between 1:4 and 1:7? What New Testament principles concerning giving can be applied here? Viewing the following passages plus any others you choose to use, give a Biblical philosophy on the right use of money:

Matthew 6:19-21 Mark 1:29 John 21:3 Proverbs 12:27 Proverbs 13:22 Proverbs 13:4 Matthew 6:24-25 Mat thew 19 :16-22 James 2:16-17 Job 42:10 Matthew 6:31-33 Matthew 7:111 Timothy 4:3-4 2 Corinthians 8:1-15 Amos 4:1 Amos 2:6-7 2 Corinthians 9:6-13 Proverbs 30:8-9

Giving is only half the story of money and our love for God. If everything comes from the Lord and belongs to Him, and if we have dedicated ourselves to Him, then not only is what we give to Him important; but also what we spend on ourselves is indicative of our love. It is fallacious thinking to reason that when we have given a portion of our income to God, the rest belongs to us. It is all His; we merely use part of it for ourselves. Although the average family’s income is up considerably from what it was a few years ago, the universal complaint is “I do not have enough money.” Everyone seems to want more, which of course, is not wrong in itself. One wonders, however, for what purpose people want more money. It seems that very few have monetary goals in order to be able to increase their giving to Christ’s work. When all things are considered, the purpose in too many cases seems to be to have more things. Today, the abundant economic life has become the necessary life. We need to apply the words of Haggai to ourselves when we begin to have such a mind set: “Consider your ways! You look for much, but behold, it comes to little; when you bring it home, I blow it away. Why? declares the Lord of Hosts, because of My house which lies desolate, while each of you runs to his own house” (1:5,9).

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Welcome to the book of Zechariah! We have chosen 4:6 as a key verse for Zechariah that reflects the theme “Lord of Hosts.” With the nation’s return to God there was a need to reestablish priorities. For many years Israel had been citizens of nations who did not worship the Lord God. It was fitting to refocus the supremacy of the Lord of Hosts; God of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph!

Also note the passages listed within the overview chart above. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? What do you learn about the Lord of Hosts as you consider these first encounters in the book of Zechariah? Haggai is the building prophet and Zechariah is the return prophet. It was his goal to motivate the returning remnant for the right reason: to return to the life and land of the Lord of Hosts! Because Zechariah was of the family of Aaron (priesthood), he was unique in that he was a prophet-priest. Here was the voice of the prophet proclaiming not only return but personal purity. His vision prophesies (1-8) are dated, and his direct prophesies are focused toward Alexander the Great, the Greek Empire, the Maccabeen struggle (see Between the Testaments), and the Coming Messiah. Ezra is companion reading to the prophet Zechariah (Ezra 5:1).

Open your heart as you read! We have also been called from the nations to inhabit the household of God! Have you forsaken the gods of the culture where you were raised and put them away in honor of the Lord of Hosts?! This is also one of the most “wild” prophecies because of the vivid and somewhat off-the-wall visions given to Zephaniah. This prophet gives us keys to finding a repentant heart in any circumstance and century!

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EIGHT NIGHT VISIONS

1:1-6,9

"Not by might nor by power, but by my Spirit." 4:6

ZECHARIAH Lord of HostsHOLY PROPHECIES

6:12-13; 14:20

1-6 6-14

The following questions can help you as you summarize and title your chapters. Choose key verses that reflect the spiritual message of the chapters.

CHAPTER 1What does the Lord of Hosts reveal as the reason for the Captivity?

TITLE_________________________________________________ KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 2What aspect(s) of God’s nature are revealed by this vision?

TITLE_________________________________________________ KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 3Who were the promises and conditions directed toward (note verse 7)?

TITLE_________________________________________________ KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 4What is the significance of Zechariah being moved by the angel?

TITLE_________________________________________________ KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 5What part does the land of Shinar play in this prophecy? Where is it?

TITLE_________________________________________________ KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 6Why was the reminder of verse 14 given?

TITLE_________________________________________________ KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 7Who was the focus of the fasts that are mentioned?

TITLE_________________________________________________ KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 8What are the reminders about being blessed even when you are in a minority?

TITLE_________________________________________________ KEY VERSE_____________

A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990. Zechariah Chapter Chart

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CHAPTER 9Note the focus on the King of Humility. What is the spiritual connection?

TITLE_________________________________________________KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 10What is absent from this prophecy that is distinct from chapters 1-9?

TITLE_________________________________________________KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 11Who does the shepherd of the flock represent? What and why?

TITLE_________________________________________________KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 12Why was Judah to be rescued first?

TITLE_________________________________________________KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 13Why is this specific condemnation of the prophets given?

TITLE_________________________________________________KEY VERSE_____________

CHAPTER 14Why do you think that the feast of booths is mentioned?

TITLE_________________________________________________KEY VERSE_____________

CONCLUSION: Why did Zechariah prophesy to the returning remnant? What was his contribution to their spiritual welfare? What do Zechariah’s visions teach you about your own relationship with God? The Lord of Hosts is an awesome God, great and mighty in power and holy in essence! May our vision of Him be an accurate representation of THE LAMB OF GOD, WHO TAKES AWAY THE SIN OF THE WORLD!

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“As for me, I heard but could not understand; so I said, ‘My Lord, what will be the outcome of these events?’ And he said, ‘Go your way, Daniel, for the meaning of the words of prophecy is concealed and sealed until the end time. None of the wicked shall understand these words, but those who are wise shall in the last days understand.’ ” (Daniel 12:8-10) After reading Zechariah’s visions, maybe you feel a little like Daniel, because you read them but could not understand them. The following study guide is designed to give you some hints on how to interpret or understand visions in the prophetic writings.

FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION: 1. Let’s pretend you are a 20th Century prophet in America and your name is Zeke. You have a vision one night of a giant turkey in the sky “gobbling down” a bunch of whoppers from Burgler King. In fact, this turkey “stuffs” himself with whoppers. Your assignment is to draw a picture of this vision to share with the rest of the class and give several possible interpretations of such a vision. 2. To see the crucial nature and understand the meaning of key words in a vision from a prophet’s perspective, write down in a sentence the possible meaning of “tree”. a. From a boy’s point of view b. From a woodsman’s point of view c. From a botanist’s point of view d. From Christ’s point of view 3. Zechariah’s eight-night visions (recorded in the first six chapters of his book) provide a real challenge for Bible interpreters. Some of the symbols are explained to Zechariah, many are not. For a clue to the central theme of the visions, read the first and last paragraphs which bracket the section (1:1-6; 6:9-15). This approach will often help you understand other visions throughout Scripture as well. 4. One crucial element in understanding visions is to locate key words or phrases. You must determine several things in words: a. Determine if a word has one meaning or many. b. Determine how the many meanings may be related. c. Determine from the content of a passage which meaning is most likely one the author intended. You will notice a distinct change in emphasis in Zechariah 5-6. All of Zechariah’s visions in the first four chapters revolved around Israel...her temple, future, and Messiah. What phrase is frequently repeated in Chapters 5-6 to demonstrate a new focus? 5. A final way to interpret visions is to draw or sketch a picture of what was seen or read. This would be helpful with Ezekiel’s “wheels” vision, King Nebuchadnezzar’s “statue and stone” vision, and Zechariah’s “flying roll” - “woman” - “chariots” and “horns” visions. Why not try and sketch what you envision how one of these visions to have looked. 1 Samuel 3:1 says “And word from the Lord was rare in those days, visions were infrequent.” While you probably don’t have too many visions of the kind Zechariah did or are not called upon to interpret a vision as Daniel did, God can give you another kind of vision. Zechariah’s writing had as its goal the motivating of God’s people to rebuild the temple so that it would be ready when the Messiah comes to fill it with His glory. That was his vision for the people. What vision do you have for yourself? Why not dedicate yourself to allowing God’s Spirit to fill the temple of your body for His glory!

NIGHT VISIONS

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This title for God occurs nearly 300 times in the Old Testament, primarily in the prophetic books (247 times), and is particularly frequent in Haggai (14 times), Zechariah (53 times), and Malachi (24 times). The word “hosts” is used of stars, angels, the nation of Israel, and the armies of other nations. The significance of the word here is that God is the sovereign Lord and Master of the universe (stars, angels, nations). To the prophets this was not an abstract doctrine but a dynamic force. The prophet Zechariah saw God gathering all the hosts under His sovereign control for God’s glory. It should also be noted that Zechariah lived in a day when Israel had lost its army, its power, and its leadership. When he spoke of the sovereign Lord of Hosts, such a name would not be a threatening or intimidating factor in their lives but an encouraging one in light of their weakened state. As we consider the sovereign Lord of Hosts in our study, don’t allow God’s sovereignty over your life to threaten you - but let it thrill you!

FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION: 1. Why do you think so many Christians have difficulty with the sovereignty of God but seemingly have little difficulty with the doctrine of the God-Man, Trinity, or origin of sin? 2. Often we become imbalanced in our views when it comes to divine sovereignty and human responsibility. When it comes to sharing our faith, what could be a natural outcome of those who are hung up on human responsibility? On hyper views of sovereignty? 3. Write a brief paragraph of several sentences explaining the tension between God’s sovereignty and man’s responsibility.

Divine Sovereignty: Human Responsibility:

4. What are some practical benefits of God’s sovereignty when it comes to: Sharing your faith, fate and luck, weaknesses or bad habits, uncertainty about major decisions, and security and comfort? 5. As you read about the sovereign Lord of Hosts in 1:3-6, what does this passage suggest to be a primary problem in our relationship to the Lord of Hosts?

Through the Scriptures the Holy Spirit has told us there are some things hard to understand, but this does not mean that they are impossible to comprehend! God has designed spiritual life to include faith, and this will never change. Be careful about subjecting God to our limited human logic as you try to understand His ways. Remember, “His thoughts are not our thoughts, and our thoughts are not His thoughts...as high as the heavens are above the earth, so are His ways above our ways!”

LORD OF HOSTS

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Welcome to the book of Malachi! We have chosen 3:13 as the key verse for Malachi reflecting the theme of Sin’s Dialogue. The people have returned from captivity and have apparently learned few lasting lessons from their experiences. The six questions reflect the arrogance with which the nation was pursuing God. The same six questions can give us a standard for evaluation of our own humility before God.

Also note the passages listed within the overview chart below. How does each passage relate to the corresponding section title? What do you learn about Sin’s Dialogue as you consider the section titles and the key verse? Haggai is the consideration prophet, Zechariah the return prophet, and Malachi is the sign-off prophet! There will now commence 400 “Silent Years” where Word from the Lord will not only be rare, it will be non-existent! The silence will be overtaken by the voice of John the Baptist preparing the way of the Lamb of God. Malachi is the last of the three restoration prophets that spoke to the returning remnant under Ezra and Nehemiah (Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi).

Open your heart as you read! 3:8,9 make it clear that we rob God of His rightful respect when we choose to withhold our resources from Him or from others. It is arrogant to think that God can be relegated to a nominal or figurehead position in our lives. When it comes to our energy, interest, focus, and allocation of our resources we must ask if we are participating with God. In what ways are you robbing God?

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- S I X Q U E S T I O N S -

God’s Love? 1:2Priests Despise? 1:6,7Covenant Profaned?

2:13-14

"Your words have been arrogant." 3:13

MALACHI Sin’s DialogueWeary God? 2:7

Way of Return? 3:7,8Lord Accused?

4:1-4

Here are some questions that will help you to dig deeply for interpretation in the book of Malachi. You may wish to answer these questions as you read and title chapters.

CHAPTER 1 Why does this subject of love for Jacob and hatred for Esau continue to surface? For what purpose does Paul use this same analogy in Romans 9:10-13? There is an unfolding series of questions in this chapter. Note each one. Underline the questions and determine which are asked by God and which are ascribed to people. What do these questions reveal about the attitude and actions of the people who have returned to Israel?

TITLE ________________________________________________ KEY VERSE ______________

CHAPTER 2 Here Malachi turns to the priests, or the supposed spiritual leaders of the people. How did God view Levite’s attitude toward Him? What was a priest supposed to do? What were these priests doing instead? Disdain for the priests was reflected in the moral conduct of the people. What wearied God about the peoples’ words?

TITLE ________________________________________________ KEY VERSE_______________

CHAPTER 3 Why was “the purification” necessary and what did it require? What do you think that the people were doing that “robbed God”? What could these people no longer distinguish?

TITLE________________________________________________ KEY VERSE_______________

CHAPTER 4 What is “the day” that is being referred to here? Who was God going to send? What would be the position of those who feared God?

TITLE ________________________________________________ KEY VERSE ______________

CONCLUSION The series of questions in this book are critical in helping us to understand how God feels about perverting His words. We saw in Habakkuk the difference between asking questions of God and questioning God. Here we see the self-righteous questions of those who seek to justify unacceptable conduct before a pure and holy God.What about today? 1. How can a person fall into the trap of justifying his or her conduct before God? 2. Which “question” most reflects spiritual attitudes that you struggle with? 3. Do you feel that you have received and developed the ability of 3:18?

A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright 1990. Malachi Chapter Chart

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The book of Malachi is built around a three part pattern of dialogue involving accusation, interrogation, and refutation. For example: Accusation... Judah has dealt treacherously (2:11) Interrogation... Yet you say, “For what reason?” (2:14) Refutation... Because the Lord has been witness between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you have dealt treacherously.

It is painfully clear from the six dialogues in Malachi the nation had hit rock bottom spiritually. The people have become so sin-hardened that God’s proddings no longer have any affect on their consciences. For 400 years after Malachi’s prophecy there will be silence from God. Only with the emergence of John the Baptist in the fullness of times is the silence broken. And it is broken with those piercing words, Repent! “Behold the Lamb of God that takes away the sin of the world!” (John 1:29) How appropriate that Malachi ends his book with a prophecy of John the Baptist (4:5,6). He is the one who was to herald the beginning of the great restoration of the hearts of a sinful people. John the Baptist is the Elijah who was to come!

For your consideration:

It has been said that “sin soon separates from the Bible those whom the Bible does not separate from sin.” How might this quote apply to Malachi’s day and his comments in 4:4?

Read through the six questions and answers from the Malachi overview and ask yourself if you are currently guilty of any of the accusations that are leveled against Israel.

List several common attitudes toward sin. Can you find any of these attitudes in Malachi, and if so, where?

Sin would have few takers if the consequences occurred immediately! It is fitting that the last word of the Old Testament should be a curse. This was the consequence of sin in the Garden of Eden, in Malachi, as it is in our lives. Malachi brings down the curtain with a final reminder that sin must be confronted, defined, and abandoned. When the light of the New Testament shines the scene will be set for the One who alone can remove such a curse from our lives...the Messiah, the Lord Jesus Christ!

ROCK BOTTOM

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Take a little time to briefly summarize what each “minor” prophet brings to your spiritual life. What did you learn about “not craving evil things?” (1 Corinthians 10:1-14) What light does each prophet shed upon the idolatry that so easily entangles us?

HOSEA Love/Apostasy 14:4

_____________________________________________________________________________

JOEL Blow the Trumpet 2:31,32

_____________________________________________________________________________

AMOS Roaring Punishment 1:2

_____________________________________________________________________________

OBADIAH Brother Violence 1:10

_____________________________________________________________________________

JONAH Compassion's Voice 1:3

_____________________________________________________________________________

MICAH Unchanging Love 7:18

_____________________________________________________________________________

NAHUM Nineveh's Doom 3:19

_____________________________________________________________________________

HABAKKUK Just/Rejoice 2:4

___________________________________________________________________________

ZEPHANIAH Last Chance 2:3

_____________________________________________________________________________

HAGGAI Obedient Building 1:4,5

_____________________________________________________________________________

ZECHARIAH Lord of Hosts 4:6

_____________________________________________________________________________

MALACHI Sin's Dialogue 2:2

MINOR PROPHET TAKE-AWAYS

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