Minor Presentation

7/31/2019 Minor Presentation

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AUTOMATED CAR PARKINGMONITORING SYSTEM


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INTRODUCTION Conventionally, car parking systems does not have any

intelligent monitoring system. Parking lots are monitored by human beings.

All vehicles enter into the parking and waste time forsearching for parking slot. Sometimes it createsblockage. Condition become worse when there are

multiple parking lanes and each lane have multipleparking slots.

Use of automated system for car parking monitoring willreduce the human efforts.

Display unit is installed on entrance of parking lot which

will show LEDs for all Parking slot and for all parkinglanes.

Empty slot is indicated by the respective glowing LED.


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DESCRIPTION

1)We are going to use Infra Red transmitters and

Receivers for each parking slot.

2)The IR Receivers are connected to AVRmicrocontroller. IR rays are obstructed when a car

is parked in any parking slot. Thus AVR will come toknow that which slot is empty and which slot is full.


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DESCRIPTION

3) For transmitter section we are going to use IRLEDs driven by a 555 timer IC. Timer IC willgenerate a frequency of 38 KHz, which will be givento IR LEDs.

4)We will also implement a system so that onlyauthorised person can park their vehicles.For thiswe use RFID technolgy,the user will show the RFID

tag then only he is allowed to enter the parking.


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LAYOUT


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RFIDCIRCUITANDVOLTAGECONVERTER


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TECHNOLOGYANDCOMPONENTSUSED

RFID

IR sensors

Stepper Motors

Microcontroller LCD Display

LED

Power supply unit


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RFID: TECHNOLOGYAND APPLICATIONS

RFID = Radio Frequency IDentification.

An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technologythat:

uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between areader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track..

Is fast and does not require physical sight or contactbetween reader/scanner and the tagged item.

Performs the operation using low cost components.

Attempts to provide unique identification and backendintegration that allows for wide range of applications.

Other ADC technologies: Bar codes, OCR.


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R

FID2005

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RFID SYSTEMCOMPONENTS

Ethe

rnet

RFID

Reader

RFID Tag RF Antenna Network Workstation


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R

FID2005

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RFID TAGS: SMARTLABELS

and a chipattached to it

on a substratee.g. a plastic

foil ...

an antenna,printed, etchedor stamped ...

A paper labelwith RFID inside


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SOME RFID TAGS


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RFIDTAGS

Tags can be attached to almost anything: Items, cases or pallets of products, high value goods

vehicles, assets, livestock or personnel

Passive Tags Do not require power Draws from Interrogator Field

Lower storage capacities (few bits to 1 KB) Shorter read ranges (4 inches to 15 feet) Usually Write-Once-Read-Many/Read-Only tags

Cost around 25 cents to few dollars

Active Tags

Battery powered Higher storage capacities (512 KB)

Longer read range (300 feet) Typically can be re-written by RF Interrogators Cost around 50 to 250 dollars


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RFIDTAGMEMORY

Read-only tags

Tag ID is assigned at the factory during manufacturing

Can never be changed

No additional data can be assigned to the tag

Write once, read many (WORM) tags Data written once, e.g., during packing or manufacturing

Tag is locked once data is written

Similar to a compact disc or DVD

Read/Write Tag data can be changed over time

Part or all of the data section can be locked


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RFIDREADERS

Reader functions:

Remotely power tags

Establish a bidirectional data link

Inventory tags, filter results

Communicate with networked server(s)

Can read 100-300 tags per second

Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point suchas

Entrance/exit Point of sale

Readers can also be mobile/hand-held


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RFID ADVANTAGESOVERBAR-CODES

No line of sight required for reading

Multiple items can be read with a single scan

Each tag can carry a lot of data (read/write) Individual items identified and not just the category

Passive tags have a virtually unlimited lifetime

Active tags can be read from great distances

Can be combined with barcode technology


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R

FID2005

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RFID COMMUNICATIONS

Tags

Reader

Power from RF field

Reader

Antenna

Reader->Tag Commands

Tag->Reader Responses

RFID CommunicationChannel


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ANTENNAFIELDS: PROPAGATIONCOUPLING

TransceiverTag Reader

antenna

RFIDTag

IC or microprocessor

antenna


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OPERATIONAL FREQUENCIES

FrequencyRanges

LF125 KHz

HF13.56 MHz

UHF868 - 915

MHz

Microwave2.45 GHz &

5.8 GHz

Typical MaxRead Range

(Passive Tags)

Shortest1-12

Short2-24

Medium1-10

Longest1-15

Tag PowerSource

Generally passivetags only, usinginductive coupling

Generally passive

tags only, usinginductive orcapacitivecoupling

Active tags withintegral battery

or passive tagsusing capacitive

storage,E-field coupling

Active tags with

integral battery orpassive tags usingcapacitive storage,E-field coupling

Data Rate Slower Moderate Fast Faster

Ability to readnear

metal or wet

surfaces

Better Moderate Poor Worse

Applications

Access Control &Security

Identifying widgetsthrough

manufacturingprocesses or in

harsh environmentsRanch animalidentification

Employee IDs

Library booksLaundry

identificationAccess ControlEmployee IDs

supply chaintracking

Highway tollTags

Highway toll TagsIdentification ofprivate vehicle

fleets in/out of ayard or facilityAsset tracking


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IR SENSORS


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IR SENSOR PAIR

Transmitter (Tx)

Receiver (Rx)

IR sensor PairObject /Line

Transmitter = LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Receiver = Photodiode


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IR LED

Similar to normal LEDs but emit infra-red light

Glow can be seen with a digital camera ormobile phone camera.


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TRANSMITTERRECEIVERPAIR


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INTERFACING IR SENSORWITH ATMEGA16

ATMEGA

Port A

Out: 1

Out: 0

In

1

0

2


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CIRCUITDIAGRAM


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SENSOR CONNECTORONBOARD

O/p

GND

Vcc


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BENEFITSOFANAUTOMATEDSYSTEM

Possible jams are avoided, specially in rush hour with significantvehicle traffic that may even collapse the parkings entrance

Makes management easy, thanks to its user -friendlyapplication, that allows directing traffic to any area and know

the situation of the garage at any given time (real time orhistorical).

Personnel may work on other things, without having to devotemost of their time to finding out the parkings situation.

Reduces pollution within the parking space: cars drive throughless, which means less gas emissions. Therefore, AC systems areused less as well.

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