Metallurgy Extraction of metals from their rock (ore) Mining
the Ore Grinding and primary processing Extractions of metals
through chemical processes (floating) Smelting and extraction
Purification and physical processing
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Text. p. 214
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It is a chemical reduction reaction that takes place above the
melting temperature of the ore minerals. Thus, it produces a
liquid, i.e. molten metal. Because ore minerals commonly have
impurities, a flux, e.g. limestone, is used to removed the wastes.
A wide variety of metals have been obtained by smelting. These
include: copper, gold, iron, tin, lead, silver, and mercury
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Bacterial copper ore processing. Water flowing into a
bioleaching bath, where copper is extracted from concentrated
solutions of copper sulphide ores. Bioleaching uses natural
micro-organisms to catalyse the oxidation of sulphide minerals,
causing the deposition of copper precipitates (blue). This site is
at the open-pit Skouriotissa copper mine, located near Lefka in
north-west Cyprus. Mining of copper has taken place here for over
4000 years, with modern techniques including bioleaching and
electrolysis. GREEN CHEM
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Wire Bar Sheets
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Waste Metal ions in waste water SO 2 released by smelting
Harmful precipitates when mixed with ground water/stream water
Tailings 4FeS 2 + 15 O 2 + 2H 2 O 4 Fe 4+ + 8 SO 4 2- + 4 H 1+
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5.6 Cleaning Up Remediation cleaning up land/water so it can be
used again Restrict use (Davis Tannery Kingston) Cover/Cap Excavate
and replace Treat onsite/off-site
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Bioremediation Use of living things to remove pollutants from
contaminated soils Less disruptive More cost efficient Better for
environment
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Phytoremediation Use plants to reclaim and repair damaged soils
Energy crops can absorb many metals and pollutants and then be use
and even the metals can be recovered from the ashes Homework P. 217
Q 1-6 P. 221 Q 1-5