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Min
eral
s In
dust
ry S
afet
y an
d H
ealth
Cen
tre
The
Uni
vers
ity o
f Q
ueen
slan
d Trigger Action Response Plans in Trigger Action Response Plans in Underground Coal MinesUnderground Coal MinesTips, Tricks and PitfallsTips, Tricks and Pitfalls
David Cliff
Minerals Industry Safety and Health Centre
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Typical TARPTypical TARP
Level 1 - Normal Level 2 - Abnormal – tell Mgt Level 3 - really abnormal – tell Mgt Level 4 - Oops ! - Evacuate
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Fundamental principles
Simple and Robust Adequately resourced – personnel and equipment Focus on prevention and early detection -
validation, clarification and remediation Requires detailed knowledge of normality Triggers not set in stone should be reviewed and
revised as experience grows or conditions change High quality mine monitoring information Do not be afraid to ask for advice If the TARP mandates an action it must be carried
out promptly
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stry
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Min
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Establish range of normal values
Establish normal time dependence of concentrations and other indicators
Different norms for different circumstances and environments eg CO make vs retreat rate or face ventilation Q
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CO Make vs face advanceCO Make vs face advance
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0
50
100
150
200
0 5 10 15 20 25
Tim e since se aling (h rs)
512 401 -402
Moura
512 vs 401-402
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Advisory Level
Action by ventilation officer and technical services personnel + inspections
Validation of readingsExtension of monitoring to other locations,
increase frequency and complexityInspection of area for leakage and other
abnormalityPrepare for inertisation or other control action
eg fly ash injectionSeek external advice as necessaryMonitor rate of change with time
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Recent episodes have been catalysed by the prolonged presence of oxygen in goaf areas where normally it would not be were it not for mining problems.
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Alert level
Advise mine management of potential for evacuation
Initiate control measures such as inertisation Prepare for evacuation
No unnecessary work undergroundPrepare for quick sealing of area of concernPeople to stay in close contact with surface
Monitoring frequency adjusted to rate of change of atmosphere.
Monitoring analysis needs to allow for any control measure effects – gas displacement or dilution
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Evacuation level
Orderly evacuation Key criteria is the potential for harm to the
workforce Timed to allow protection of equipment,
maintenance pumps etc Emergency sealing carried out if necessary
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Re-entry criteria
Conditions established objectively prior to incident – eg by risk assessment
May be modified based upon risk assessment Criteria for limited re-entry may be different to
those for return of work-force underground. Inertisation and other controls may mask
behaviour without necessarily controlling the incident.
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TARP actions
For all mandatory actions within TARPS there must be close out by a specified time.
Actions should not be just :Tell VO of gas concentrations – no other action
required by VOMine Manager notified- no other action required
Need audit of actions Proper record keeping
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TARP criteria
Values not set in stone – should be regularly reviewed Minimum at end of each longwall block or
extraction area.If situation stabilises without getting worse
consider revising advisory/alert TARPs.Avoid glib explanations and production driven
demand to change TARPs.Changes to TARPS should be documented and
justified.Changes may be up as well as down.
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TARP criteria
Basis for action should be severity of incident First level trigger is abnormality – significantly
above background level Second level trigger is significant and
worsening abnormality – not necessarily twice background level
Third level trigger is where there is real risk to personnel underground – not necessarily three times background level
Triggers vary from location to location and over time
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Panel returns
•Large air flow quantity
•Close to fresh air
•Unreliable deficiency ratios
• Absolute concentrations low and air flow dependant
•Only reliable indicator – CO make
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Physical Indicators
May be more sensitive than gas measurement to identify abnormality and locate emission points.
Must be supported by gas measurement
Change from normal is the detection criterion
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Areas of low or no airflow
Need norms to compare concentrations/indicators with.
Can use concentrations and ratios within limits of accuracy
Do not use text book triggers or norms established under different mining conditions or locations eg MG vs TG.
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LW101 Goaf Tube Bundle Sample Point Gas TrendTube 18 - 49 c/t MG Seal
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
12-Feb-99 04-Mar-99 24-Mar-99 13-Apr-99 03-May-99 23-May-99 12-Jun-99 02-Jul-99
Ox
yge
n (
%)
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
Ca
rbo
n M
on
ox
ide
(p
pm
)C
arb
on
Dio
xid
e (
x10
-2 %
)
O2 CO CO2
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Indicators in areas of no air flow
Most ratios are measures of the conversion efficiency of oxygen to products of oxidation and are therefore essentially equivalent.
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and Therefore no need to use a
multitude of deficiency ratios as they should all tell the same story.
Other ratios can be used to assist investigation not part of formal plan.
Ratios
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Site specific indicators
These are ratios or formulae involving various gas concentrations that have been shown to be a sensitive indicator of deviations from normal. E.g. H2 to CO ratio or CH4 to CO2.
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TARP review data
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
CO ppm
H2
pp
m GR < 0.5
GR> 0.5
GR > 0.7
LEVEL 3LEVEL 2aLEVEL 2
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Quantify TARPS
Do not use adjectives or verbs to describe TARP“presence” or “trace” of ethylene“significant” concentration of hydrogen“abnormal” Graham’s ratio
Use numbers eg>10 ppm ethylene> 50 ppm hydrogen> 0.8 Graham’s ratio
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Know your indicatorsKnow your indicators
Min
eral
s In
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stry
Saf
ety
and
Hea
lth
Cen
tre
Th
e U
niv
ersi
ty o
f Q
uee
nsl
and
Fundamental principles
Simple and Robust Adequately resourced – personnel and equipment Focus on prevention and early detection - validation,
clarification and remediation Requires detailed knowledge of normality Triggers not set in stone should be reviewed and
revised as experience grows or conditions change High quality mine monitoring information Do not be afraid to ask for advice If the TARP mandates an action it must be carried
out promptly