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Jim JohnstonCTO, Communications Convergence ProcessingMindspeed Technologies, Inc.
Evolving the Evolved Packet Core
+
New Networked Applications
Explosive demand for Mobile Broadband=
Innovative New Platforms
Mobility + Content
• High performance graphics processing• Low power, longer battery life• Speedy interactions between core
processor and device RAM• HD video capture and playback• 1080p, 30 frames-per-second video• Dual displays (for video chat)• Vibrant touchscreens• External display drivers (HMDI output)
Powerful Consumer Devices put Processing Horsepower at the Edge of the Network
(photos courtesy of Samsung and Lenovo) Epic 4G smartphone ,Galaxy Tab (Samsung), Skylight Smartbook (Lenovo)
Terabytes Per Month
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
1,800,000
3,600,000
Source: 2010 Cisco VNI Mobile pictured: Samsung Seek (courtesy of Samsung Mobile)
An Explosion in Mobile Data Traffic
This surge in mobile data and video coincides with:
• A strategic move away from separate (circuit-switched) voice and (packet-switched) data networks
• The migration to 4G LTE networks with an all-IP core
• A move towards heterogeneous networks featuring macrocells, microcells, picocells and femtocells
5
BTS BSCMSC
PA
D/AA/D
Equ.
TDMAModem TRAU
Speech codec
FEC
A-bis: TDM
A: TDM TDM
2G GSM – 1990s
RF
PSTNTime Slots - DSx
eNode B
PA
D/AA/D
Equ. OFDMAModem aGW
FEC
Security IP Packet IP Packet
MAC
MIMO
4G LTE - 2011
QoS
Mobility Management
RF Native IP Packets
Node B
PA
D/AA/D
Equ.
CDMAModem RNC SGSN
Serving GPRSSupport Node
GGSNGateway GPRSSupport Node
FEC
IP Packetsover ATM Cells / TimeSlots
IP Packet3G W-CDMA – 2000s
Media Gateway
Video processing
Speech Codec
Voice band dataQoS
Security
Mobility Mgmt.
MACRF
Mobile Operator Core
Network
Packet Switching
From 2G and 3G to The Evolved Packet Core
Supported Subscribers
1200 400 200 50 10
BusinessPico Femto
Residential
EnterpriseFemto
BusinessMetroBusinessBusiness
Micro
Urban
Macro
Metro High-Density Subs
Network designers will deploy heterogeneous networks featuring ‘small cells’
The Network: Migration to a Distributed Architecture
The Computational Complexities of 4G are Magnified
• Advanced baseband processing techniques
• Adaptive beam forming
• Adaptive modulation
• MIMO antenna systems
• Space Time Coding (STC)
• Digital RF processing
Evolving mobile standards will drive massively higher data rates
Time– Quicker to deploy; limited zoning/permissions– Low site engineering and construction requirements
Cost– Cheaper to deploy and maintain– Lower CapEx– Lower OpEx (primarily due to reduction in lease costs)– More options for cost-effective backhaul
Efficiency– Capacity (lots of it) --- exactly where it is needed– Flexibility in site location– Significant capacity gains are possible for lower TCO
Increased Capacity and Coverage
Pico
Femto
Micro
Why Small Cells?
Processor Complexity in Evolved IP Networks
SoftwareComplexity
lines of code
SiliconComplexity
number of transistors
Dial-Up Modems VoIP 4G Baseband
1995 2005 2010
20million
> 900million
300million
< 3 million
< 10,000
300x
2000x
2 million
Source: Mindspeed Technologies
Next-Generation Base Stations Must Change to Support the (All-IP) Evolved Packet Core
• Must be capable of delivering all standards-based services (at full throughput)
• Low end-to-end latency• Cost-effective implementations• Power efficiency• Multi-RAT (Radio Access Technology) support:
including 2G and 3G• Future-proofed support of evolving requirements• Movement towards ‘small cells’ architecture
(macro-micro-pico-femto)
Video is the Common Driver for User Equipment and Network Upgrades
Smartphones , with 20% market share, are responsible for over 80% of mobile traffic usage.
Almost 66 percent of the world’s mobile data traffic will be Video by 2014.
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index 2010