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1OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XIMind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 1
Intr
oduc
tion
to
Acc
ount
ing
• Ec
onom
ic E
vent
s•
Iden
tific
atio
n of
Bus
ines
s Tr
ansa
ctio
ns•
Mea
sure
men
t•
Rec
ordi
ng a
nd S
umm
aris
ing
• C
omm
unic
atio
n•
Org
anis
atio
n•
Inte
rest
ed U
sers
• U
sed
by O
rgan
isat
ion
• R
ecor
ding
of E
cono
mic
Eve
nts
• R
ecor
ding
and
com
mun
icat
ion
• U
sers
of A
ccou
ntin
g In
form
atio
n
• To
Kee
p C
ompl
ete
Rec
ords
of
Fi
nanc
ial T
rans
actio
ns•
To a
scer
tain
Pro
fit o
r Los
s•
To a
scer
tain
Fin
anci
al P
ositi
on•
To F
acili
tate
Dec
isio
n-m
akin
g
Feat
ures
of
Aspe
cts o
f Acc
ount
ing
Objecti
ves o
f Acc
ount
ing
Acc
ount
ing
Cyc
le
Fina
ncia
lTr
ansa
ctio
ns
Rec
ordi
ngin
Jour
nal
Ledg
erPo
stin
gTr
ial
Bala
nce
&In
com
eSt
atem
ent
Posi
tion
Stat
emen
t
• R
ecor
dativ
e Fu
nctio
n•
Inte
rpra
tive
Func
tion
• C
omm
unic
atin
g th
e
Fina
ncia
l Res
ults
• M
eetin
g Le
gal R
equi
rem
ents
• Pr
otec
ting
Busi
ness
Ass
ets
• Fi
nanc
ial A
ccou
ntin
g•
Cos
t Acc
ount
ing
• M
anag
emen
t Acc
ount
ing
• So
cial
Acc
ount
ing
• In
flatio
n A
ccou
ntin
g•
Tax
Acc
ount
ing
• U
nder
stan
dabi
lity
• R
elia
bilit
y•
Com
para
bilit
y
Func
tions
of A
ccou
ntin
g
Qua
litat
ive C
hara
cteris
tics of
Accou
ntin
g Inf
orm
ation
of A
ccou
ntin
g
Users of AccountingInformation
Inte
rnal
Use
rs
• O
wne
rs•
Man
agem
ent
• Em
ploy
ees
Exte
rnal
Use
rs
• In
vest
ors
• C
redi
tors
• Ba
nks
and
Fina
ncia
l Ins
titut
ions
• O
ther
Use
rs
Type
s or B
ranc
hes
OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XI2Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 2
The
ory B
ase
of
Acc
ount
ing
• D
ynam
ic•
Broa
d G
uide
lines
• N
ot u
nive
rsal
ly a
ccep
ted
• Lo
ck o
f Var
iatio
ns•
Ever
-dev
elop
ing
• C
omm
on K
now
ledg
e•
Brin
gs U
nifo
rmity
• Sc
ient
ific
natu
re•
Prot
ects
from
Per
sonn
el b
ias
• A
ccou
ntin
g Pr
inci
ples
are
man
-mad
e•
Qua
litie
s lik
e R
elev
ance
, Obj
ectiv
ity
and
Feas
ibili
ty is
foun
d•
Lack
of L
ist o
f Acc
ount
ing
Prin
cipl
es
Nee
d an
d Im
port
ance
of
Acc
ount
ing
Prin
cipl
es
Nat
ure o
f Acc
ount
ing
Prin
ciple
s
Essentia
l Fea
ture
s of
Accountin
g Prin
ciples
Accountin
g Princip
les
• A
S-1-
Dis
clos
ure
of
Acc
ount
ing
Polic
ies
• A
S-2-
Valu
atio
n of
Inve
ntor
ies
• A
S-3-
Cas
h Fl
ow S
tate
men
t•
AS-
4-C
ontin
genc
y in
Ba
lanc
e Sh
eet
• A
S-5-
Net
Pro
fit o
r Los
s•
AS-
6-D
epre
ciat
ion
Acc
ount
ing
• A
S-7-
Con
stru
ctio
ns C
ontr
act
• A
S-8-
Acc
ount
ing
for R
esea
rch
• C
once
pt o
r
Ass
umpt
ions
• C
onve
ntio
ns•
Post
ulat
es
Accounting Concepts
• A
ccru
al C
once
pt•
Full
Dis
clos
ure
• M
ater
ialit
y C
once
pt•
Acc
ount
ing
Peri
od
Con
cept
• Bu
sine
ss E
ntity
Con
cept
• G
oing
Con
cern
Con
cept
• M
oney
Mea
sure
men
t Con
cept
• C
ost C
once
pt•
Dua
l Asp
ect C
once
pt•
Mat
chin
g C
once
pt•
Rev
enue
Rec
ogni
tion
• C
onse
rvat
ism
Con
cept
• C
onsi
sten
cy C
once
pt
Acc
ount
ing
Stan
dard
s in
Indi
a
Term
s Used in and Assumptions
3OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XIMind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 3
Rec
ordi
ngof
Bus
ines
sTr
ansa
ctio
ns-1
• Ex
tern
al S
uppo
rtin
g Vo
uche
rs•
Inte
rnal
Sup
port
ing
Vouc
hers
• A
sset
s =
Equ
ity +
Out
side
Lia
bilit
ies
• To
tal A
sset
s =
Tot
al E
quiti
es•
Ass
ets
= E
xter
nal E
quiti
es +
Inte
rnal
Equ
ities
• C
apita
l = A
sset
s –
Liab
ilitie
sAccountin
g Eq
uatio
ns
• Fo
r Per
sona
l A/c
D
ebit
the
rece
iver
and
cr
edit
the
give
r•
For R
eal A
/c
Deb
it w
hat c
omes
in a
nd
cred
it w
hat g
oes
out
• Fo
r Nom
inal
A/c
D
ebit
all e
xpen
ses
and
cr
edit
all i
ncom
e
• D
ebit
Vouc
hers
• Pa
y in
Slip
Vou
cher
s•
Cre
dit V
ouch
ers
• In
voic
e or
Bill
• D
ebit
Not
e•
Cre
dit N
ote
• Jo
urna
l Pro
per
• C
ash
Book
• O
ther
Day
Boo
ks
Performa of
Perf
orm
a
Book
s of O
rigin
al E
ntry
and
Credit
Rule
s of D
ebit
of Jo
urna
l
Vouc
hers
Supporting
Cash
Vouc
hers
Non-cash
Vou
cher
s
Vouchers
Acc
ount
ing
Vouc
her s
Dat
e
Part
icul
ars
J.F
. A
mou
nt
Dat
e
Part
icul
ars
J.F
. A
mou
nt
Cas
h A
ccou
ntD
r.C
r.
Dat
e
Part
icul
ars
L.
F.A
mou
ntC
r.A
mou
ntD
r.
LedgerD
ebit
Item
s
Ass
ets
Goo
dwill
La
nd a
nd B
uild
ing
Mac
hine
ryFu
rnitu
reSt
ock
Inve
stm
ents
Cre
dit I
tem
s
Liab
ilitie
sR
eser
ves
and
Surp
lus
Loan
Ove
rdra
ftC
redi
tors
Bills
Pay
able
Equations
AccountingItems of
OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XI4Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 4
Rec
ordi
ng
of B
usin
ess
Tran
sact
ions
-II
• Pu
rcha
se B
ook
• Pu
rcha
se R
etur
n Bo
ok•
Sale
s Bo
ok•
Sale
s R
etur
n Bo
ok•
Jour
nal P
rope
r
• Si
ngle
Col
umn
Cas
h Bo
ok•
Dou
ble
Col
umn
Cas
h Bo
ok•
Thre
e C
olum
n C
ash
Book
• Pe
tty
Col
umn
Cas
h Bo
ok
Other Subsid
iary
Boo
ks
• O
peni
ng E
ntry
• A
djus
tmen
t Ent
ry•
Rec
tific
atio
n En
try
• Tr
ansf
er E
ntry
• O
ther
Ent
ries
Entries in Journal Proper
Cro
ssin
g of
a
Cheque
Cash
Book
Spec
ial C
ross
in
g
Sim
ple
Cro
ssin
g
Form
at o
f Dou
ble
Col
umn
Cash
Boo
k
A/c P
ayee
Bank
of I
ndia
5OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XIMind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 5
Featu
res o
f B.R
.S.
• R
econ
cile
s th
e di
ffer
ence
be
twee
n C
ash
Book
and
Pas
s Bo
ok•
Prep
ared
Per
iodi
cally
• Pr
epar
ed b
y C
usto
mer
s•
Not
a P
art o
f Dou
ble
Entr
y Sy
stem
• N
eith
er Jo
urna
l nor
Led
ger
Ban
kR
econ
cilia
tion
Stat
emen
tIm
portance
of B
.R.S
• Sh
ows
the
accu
racy
of c
ash
book
• H
elps
to d
etec
t mis
take
s•
Hel
ps in
det
ectio
n of
del
ay in
cl
eara
nce
of c
hequ
e•
Hel
ps in
pre
vent
ion
of e
mbe
zzle
men
t
Form
at (P
erfo
rma)
of B
.R.S
.
Am
ount
Am
ount
Part
icul
ars
Bala
nce
as p
er C
ash
book
Add
:
Less
:
Bala
nce
as p
er P
ass
book
OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XI6Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 6
Dep
recia
tion,
Pro
visi
ons
and
Res
erve
s
Objects fo
r Char
ging
Causes of D
epre
ciatio
n
• To
find
out
the
corr
ect c
ost o
f pro
duct
ion
• To
asc
erta
in th
e co
rrec
t pro
fit a
nd lo
ss
• To
sho
w c
orre
ct fi
nanc
ial p
ositi
on
• To
pro
vide
for r
epla
cem
ent o
f ass
ets
• To
mai
ntai
n th
e ca
pita
l int
act
• To
ava
il of
tax
relie
f
Diff
eren
t Res
erves
Diff
eren
t Pro
visions
• G
ener
al R
eser
ve
• W
orkm
en C
ompe
nsat
ion
Fund
• In
vest
men
t Flu
ctua
tion
Fund
• C
apita
l Res
erve
• D
ivid
end
Equa
lisat
ion
Res
erve
• R
eser
ve fo
r Red
empt
ion
of
Deb
entu
res
• Pr
ovis
ion
for D
epre
ciat
ion
• Pr
ovis
ion
for B
ad D
ebts
• Pr
ovis
ion
for T
axat
ion
• Pr
ovis
ion
for D
isco
unt o
n
D
ebto
rs
• Pr
ovis
ion
for R
epai
rs a
nd
R
enew
able
s•
His
tori
cal c
ost o
f ass
et
• Es
timat
ed u
sefu
l
lif
e of
an
asse
t
• R
esid
ual v
alue
of a
sset
• W
ear a
nd te
ar
• Pa
ssag
e of
tim
e
• O
bsol
esce
nce
• D
eple
tion/
Exha
usio
n
• Fa
ll in
mar
ket v
alue
Factors affectingDepreciation
7OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XIMind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 7
Acc
ount
ing
for
Bill
s of
Exch
ange
Features of
Bill
of E
xcha
nge
Feat
ures
of P
rom
issory N
otes
Parties t
o a Bill
of E
xcha
nge
• M
ust b
e in
wri
ting
• A
n or
der t
o m
ake
paym
ent
• It
is u
ncon
ditio
nal
• M
ust b
e si
gned
• Pa
ymen
t mus
t be
cert
ain
• m
ust b
e pa
yble
to c
erta
in p
erso
n
• m
ust b
e st
ampe
d
Type
s of B
ills
• Pr
omis
e to
pay
• In
wri
ting
• Si
gned
by
mak
er
• C
erta
in s
um
• St
ampe
d
• D
eman
d Bi
lls
• Te
rm B
ills
• Tr
ade
Bills
• A
ccom
mod
atio
n
Bi
lls
• D
raw
er
• D
raw
ee
• Pa
yee
• H
olde
r
• A
ccep
tor
OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XI8Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 8
Features
of a
Tria
l Bal
ance
Cla
ssifi
catio
n of
Err
ors
• Pr
epar
ed o
n a
part
icul
ar d
ate
• It
is a
sta
tem
ent,
not a
n ac
coun
t•
Prep
ared
for v
erify
ing
the
ar
ithm
etic
al a
ccur
acy
• C
onta
ins
all l
edge
r bal
ance
Tria
l Bal
ance
and
Rec
tifica
tion
of E
rror
s
Objectiv
es of
Tria
l Bal
ance
• To
asc
erta
in a
rith
met
ical
ac
cura
cy•
To h
elp
in lo
catin
g er
rors
• To
pro
vide
bas
is fo
r fin
al
acco
unts
• To
find
out
bal
ance
of
pa
rtic
ular
acc
ount
S. N
o.H
ead
of A
ccou
nts
Am
ount
Am
ount
Dr.
C
r.
Specimen/Formatof Trial Balance
Ass
ets
Expe
nses
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
XX
X
Cap
ital L
iabi
litie
s
Tota
l
Erro
rs
Erro
rs o
fPr
inci
ple
Cle
rica
lEr
rors
Erro
rs o
fO
mis
sion
Com
pens
atin
gEr
rors
Erro
rs o
f C
omm
issi
on
Com
plet
eO
mis
sion
Part
ial
Om
issi
on
Erro
rs o
f P
ostin
gEr
rors
of C
arry
Forw
ard
Erro
rs o
fR
ecor
ding
Erro
rs o
fC
astin
g
9OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XIMind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 9
Objectives
of
Adjusting Entri
es
Impo
rtanc
e of F
inancia
l
Format
of Tra
ding
Use
rs o
f Fin
ancia
l
Stat
emen
ts
Account
Stat
emen
ts
Part
icul
ars
Am
ount
To O
peni
ng s
tock
To P
urch
ase
–
(–)
Ret
urn
–
–– –– ––
–– –– –––– ––
To a
ll Ex
pens
es
(d
irec
t)
To G
ross
Pro
fittr
ansf
erre
d to
P&
L
––
Part
icul
ars
Am
ount
By s
ales
–(–
) Ret
urn
–
By c
losi
ng s
tock
To G
ross
Los
str
ansf
erre
d to
P&L
A/c
Fina
ncia
lSt
atem
ents
• O
wne
rs/In
vest
ors
• M
anag
emen
t•
Bank
ers
and
Fina
ncia
l
Inst
itutio
ns•
Gov
ernm
ent o
r
Reg
ulat
ory
Auth
ority
• C
redi
tors
for G
oods
• Em
ploy
ee•
Res
earc
h Sc
hola
rs
• To
pro
vide
info
rmat
ion
abou
t
the
finan
cial
per
form
ance
and
fi
nanc
ial p
ositi
on•
To p
rovi
de n
eces
sary
in
form
atio
n to
use
rs•
To d
eter
min
e th
e ca
sh
inflo
ws
and
outf
low
s•
To p
rovi
de b
ase
for f
utur
e
activ
ites
• H
elps
to d
eter
min
e th
e co
st
of g
oods
sol
d•
They
refle
ct e
arni
ng c
apac
ity
of th
e en
tity
• H
elps
in g
ettin
g in
form
atio
n
abou
t cap
ital
• C
an b
e pr
esen
ted
to In
com
e
Tax
Auth
ority
OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XI10Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 10
Fin
al
ccou
nts
wit
hd
just
men
ts
AA
11OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XIMind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 11
Reaso
ns fo
r Mai
ntai
ning
Inco
mpl
ete
Reco
rds
Format o
f Stat
emen
t
Adv
anta
ges
ofIn
com
plet
e R
ecor
d Sy
stem
of Affa
irs
Liab
ilitie
sA
mou
nt
Bills
pay
able
Sund
ry c
redi
tors
Loan
Cap
ital
Out
stan
ding
Exp
.In
com
e re
ceiv
edin
adv
ance
–– –– –– ––
––
––––
Cas
h in
han
dC
ash
at B
ank
Deb
tors
Build
ing
Any
oth
er a
sset
sA
ccru
ed in
com
e
–– –– –– –– ––––
––
Ass
ets
Am
ount
Acc
ount
s fa
rIn
com
plet
eR
ecor
ds
• Si
mpl
e m
etho
d•
Less
exp
ensi
ve•
Less
tim
e co
nsum
ed•
Con
veni
ent m
ode
• Ea
sy to
cal
cula
te
prof
it or
loss
• Fl
exib
le m
etho
d
• Pu
re in
com
plet
e re
cord
s•
Sim
ple
inco
mpl
ete
reco
rds
• Q
uasi
inco
mpl
ete
reco
rds
• Si
mpl
e m
etho
d•
Less
exp
ensi
ve•
Inco
mpl
ete
know
ledg
e•
Suita
ble
for s
mal
l bus
ines
s•
Savi
ng o
f tim
e an
d la
bour
• Fl
exib
le m
etho
d
Type
s of I
ncom
plet
e Re
cord
s
OSWAAL CBSE Chapterwise Mind Maps, ACCOUNTANCY, Class - XI12Mind
map
: lea
rning m
ade
simpl
e C
hapt
er - 12
Elemen
ts of
Com
pute
r Sys
tem
Types o
f Computers
Other Classification
Processing of Com
puter
Mod
el o
f A.I.
S.C
ompu
ter S
yste
m
Com
pone
nts o
f
App
licat
ions
of C
ompu
ters
inA
ccou
ntin
g
Inpu
tSt
orag
e
Phys
ical
Res
ourc
es In
put
Tran
sfor
m
Dat
eIn
form
atio
n
Out
put P
hysi
cal
Res
ourc
es
Dat
e Pr
oces
sing
Soft
war
e
Man
agem
ent
Proc
ess
Out
put
Dat
a ba
se
(1) I
nput
dev
ices
(2) C
entr
al p
roce
ssin
g un
it
(a) M
emor
y un
it
(b) A
.L.U
.
(c) C
ontr
ol u
nit
(3) O
utpu
t
• H
ardw
are
• So
ftw
are
• Pe
ople
• Pr
oced
ure
• D
ata
• C
onne
ctiv
ity
• D
igita
l Com
pute
r•
Ana
log
Com
pute
r•
Hyb
rid
Com
pute
r
• M
ini C
ompu
ter
• M
icro
Com
pute
r•
Supe
r C
ompu
ter
• M
ainf
ram
e C
ompu
ter