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INTRODUCTION1 Millet and Sorghum are cereals and members of family Poaceae. There are many sorghum and millet types.
Sorghum :- Biomass , forage, grain, and sweet sorghum
Millet :- Common , foxtail, kodo, finger and pearl millet
(Leder, 2014)
Highly suitable for both food and feed purpose due to theirnutritional value (McKevith, 2004)
Rich sources of various bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenoliccompounds (Awika and Rooney, 2004)
And also;Antioxidant Compounds => Correlated to the lipid lowering activity
(De et al., 2011)
Health Benefits
Sample collection :- From field crops research and development institute, Mahailluppallama, Anuradhapura
Eight Samples=> Sorghum varieties -(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) ,(Idal Irigu)
1. Sweet Sorghum
=> Millet types 1. Kodo Millet - (Paspalum scrobiculatum), (Amu)2. Foxtail Millet - (Setaria italica), (Thana hal)3. Proso Millet - (Panicum miliaceum), (Meneri) 4. Finger Millet - (Eleusine coaracana) ,(Kurakkan)
Reduce Risk
Cancers, Diabetes
Cardiovascular diseases
Neurological disorders
Disease associated with aging
OBJECTIVES2
Preparation of samples and methanolic extracts(Abeysekara et al., 2017 )
Determination Of Total Polyphenolic Content (TPC) - FolinCiocalteu’s Method
Phenols Phenolate anions
Heteropolyphospho-tungstates-molybdates
Standard Compound – Gallic acid Results expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents / g of sample (dry basis)
Determination Of Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) - AluminumChloride Method
Flavonoids + AlCl3
Standard Compound – QuercetinResults expressed as mg quercetin equivalents / g of sample (dry basis)
Determination of Lipase Inhibition Activity
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Proso Millet Kodo Millet Foxtail MilletOshadha Rawana White Finger Millet
Determination of Cholesterol Esterase Inhibition Activity
Standard Compound – SimvastatinResults expressed as - % of inhibition at 2 mg/ml concentration
Data were analyzed using Minitab 17 software and Mean separation by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) multiple rank test (P < 0.05)
Dissolve in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Whole grain
Ground and took fine powder
Mixed 5 g of flour with 50 ml of 100 % methanol
Shook for extraction (room temperature, over night)
Filtered using filter papers
Evaporated the solvent(Rotavapour)
Freeze dried
PHENOLIC CONTENT AND PANCREATIC LIPASE AND CHOLESTEROL ESTERASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED MILLET TYPES AND SORGHUM VARIETIES OF SRI LANKA
Jayathilaka SI 1, Abeysekera WPKM 2, Abeysekera WKSM 3*, Jayanath NY 1, Premakumara GAS 4, Wijewardana DCMSI 5
1Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya2Herbal Technology Section, Industrial Technology Institute, Colombo 07
3Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Colombo4Department of Basic Science & Social Science, Faculty of Nursing, University of Colombo
5Field Crops Research and Development Institute, Mahailuppallama, Department of Agriculture
ABD - 17
Oxidation
Alkali condition
Reduction
Phenolate anionsPhosphotunstic blue
RESULTS4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
ProsoMillet
Kodo Millet FoxtailMillet
WhiteFingerMillet
Oshadha Rawana SorghumICSV11
SweetSorghum
mg
GA
E /
g o
f sa
mp
le (
dry
bas
is)
Samples
Sorghum ICSV112
2. Sorghum ICSV 112
λ – 415 nm
Porcine pancreatic lipase
+ Sample + Tris HCl
p-NPB in dimethylformamide
incubate 37 oC
for 15 minutes
37 oC 30 minutes
Standard Compound – Orlistat
Results expressed as - % of inhibition at 2 mg/ml concentration
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Proso Millet Kodo Millet FoxtailMillet
WhiteFinger Millet
Oshadha Rawana SorghumICSV11
SweetSorghum
Figure 4.1 : Mean TPC of selected samples with standard deviation
Figure 4.2 : Mean TFC of selected samples with standard deviation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
CommonMillet
Kodo Millet Foxtail Millet White FingerMillet
Oshadha Rawana SorghumICSV112
SweetSorghum
Samples
Lipase Inhibition Activity ( % of inhibition at 2 mg/ml concentration)
Cholesterol Esterase Inhibition Activity (% of inhibition at 2 mg/ml concentration)
3
To determine the phenolic content of selected millet types andsorghum varieties in Sri Lanka
To determine the anti-lipidemic properties of selected millet typesand sorghum varieties in Sri Lanka
Taurocholic acid + p-NPB in acetonitrile + Sodium phosphate buffer + NaCl,pH 7.0
Add cholesterol esterase enzyme
Incubate 25 oC
25 oC 6 minutes
10 minutes
Figure 4.3 : Mean lipase and cholesterol esterase inhibition activity ofselected samples with standard deviation at 2 mg/ml concentration
Investigated all millet and sorghum samples had phenolic compoundsand anti-lipidemic properties with varying potential.
Among studied millet and sorghum samples, Sweet sorghum had thehighest phenolic content and anti-lipidemic properties.
The order of potency for phenolic content and anti-lipidemicproperties; Sweet sorghum > Oshadha > Kodo millet
Both millet and sorghum types showed moderate anti-lipidemicproperties compared to the reference drugs used in the study.
Findings of this study can use to prevention of oxidative stress associated chronic diseases and for development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
CONCLUSIONS 5
REFERENCES6
Sample Lipase Inhibitory
Activity (IC50 (μg/ml))Cholesterol Esterase Inhibitory Activity(IC50 (μg/ml))
Sweet Sorghum 927.35 ± 5.57a 1861.71 ± 20.74a
Standards 26.78 ± 2.45b 18.56 ± 0.68b
Table 4.1: Mean lipase and cholesterol esterase inhibition activity ofsweet sorghum and standard drugs as IC50 values
Abeysekera, W.K.S.M., Jayawardana, S.A.S., Abeysekera, W.P.K.M., Yathursan, S., Premakumara, G.A.S. and Ranasinghe, P. (2017). Antioxidant potential of selected whole grain cereals consumed by Sri Lankans: a comparative in vitro study. Sri Lankan Journal of Biology 2(2).
Awika, J.M. and Rooney, L.W. (2004). Sorghum phytochemicals and their potential impact on human health. Phytochemistry 65(9): 1199-1221.
De la Garza, A.L., Milagro, F.I., Boque, N., Campión, J. and Martínez, J.A. (2011). Natural inhibitors of pancreatic lipase as new players in obesity treatment. Planta medica 77(08): 773-785.
McKevith, B. (2004). Nutritional aspects of cereals. Nutrition Bulletin, 29(2): 111-142. Léder, I. (2004). Sorghum and millets. Cultivated Plants, Primarily as Food Sources, 1: 66-84.
p-nitrophenol
p-nitrophenol
Figure 3.1 : The process of preparation methanolic extracts
Al (III) Flavonoid complexes
mg
Qu
erce
tin
equ
ival
ents
/ g
of
sam
ple
(d
ry b
asis
)
Data represented as mean ± SD (n=3). Mean values in a column superscripted by different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05.