MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSKailey Hankes-Cambodia

Amber Crane-Zambia

Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty

Eradicate Extreme Hunger and PovertyCAMBODIA• The target to reduce poverty in Cambodia is 19%. Right now 20% of the

poorest population is consuming no less than 10% of total food consumption; statistics show that the goal for 2015 is well within its reach. Not only does Cambodia have a problem in poverty but also child labor. Child labor still exists in Cambodia although it has begun to decrease. They hope to reduce child labor down to only 8% as of right now it is 14% and many are unsure that they will reach this target. I think that with poverty continuing to fall and children continuing to attend school will help this Cambodia achieve this.

Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty

ZAMBIA

Extreme poverty declined from 58% in 1991 to 51% in 2006. They are doing really well but if the numbers follow the same pattern they will not reach the projected target by 2015. I don’t feel that they will be able to make it to their target of 29%. Extreme poverty in rural areas (67%) is much higher than urban areas (20%). However, the poverty gap between the two has gone down over the years. Stunting of children’s growth remains a big issue still in Zambia. The percentage of underweight children has gone down from 25.1% to 14.6%.

Comparision• It seems that Cambodia compared to Zambia is not

struggling as much with poverty. In Cambodia poverty levels are as low as 20% while Zambia has poverty levels up to 68% in rural areas. In urban areas of Zambia poverty levels are at 20% which is similar to Cambodia but overall Zambia seems to need more improvement on this developmental goal. Parts of Africa do have problems with child labor like Cambodia but in this part of Zambia they don’t have a problem with it and arent worrying to much.

Achieve Universal Primary Education

Achieve Universal Primary EducationCambodiaThe target in Cambodia to achieve universal primary education is to have 100% enrollment. Right now the enrolment rate is 90% however many students enroll then are actually attending class. I think education is very important for the Cambodians to be able and acquire the skills necessary to help with labor markets and other aspects of society. Some problems though are that children are not completing school and often times school is many miles away which makes it not very convenient. Other times parents are sick or injured and cant afford their children to go to school because they need help. Fortunately at the rate Cambodia is going they expect to achieve this target.

Achieve Universal Primary EducationZambia

The enrollment of children in primary aged education increased from 80% in 1990 to 102% in 2009. Zambia has increased the building and construction of schools, the removal of all school payments, and the adoption of Free Basic Education and Re-Entry. They are finally understanding just how important education is for their young people and have made many new schools so that all can attend. The percentage of kids completing school has gone up 22.7%. The goal for 2015 of 100% enrollment has already been achieved.

 

Comparison• Cambodia and Zambia both have a developmental goal to

achieve 100% enrollment. Zambia has already met this goal while Cambodia is close behind. Cambodia struggles with keeping their kids in attendance while Zambia has shown that not only has their enrollment increased but the percentage of kids finishing school has increased as well. It seems that Zambia is excelling more in their academics while Cambodia is still doing while but struggles more with attendance.

Promote Gender Equalities

Promote Gender Equalities

CambodiaIn Cambodia there is mainly gender equalities within schools as well as government. More work is required to get girls ages 11-17 to attend school because the role of the women is mainly to stay home and provide while the men go and get an education. This a hard custom to switch especially because there is still a need for the women to be home and provide and take care of children. There are however more female workers in the labor force receiving salaried and wages which is a good sign of progress for this country. Also the government has been appointing women officials in positions of decision-making. They aim to appoint 15 women ministers, which now is only at 2. I feel that Cambodia really has made improvements over the last years.

Promote Gender EqualitiesZambia

The ratio of boys to girls in primary education improved from .90 to .96. However secondary school ratios have dropped. This means that a lot of the older girls are not returning to school to attend high school. Most are opting out into marriage and running families. Women in parliament are 16% under the target rate. I don’t think that they will reach their goal by 2015. The country is still traditional in the fact that men run the country and women stay at home and provide for the kids.

Comparision

As stated before Zambia excels more in schooling and so there is a greater ratio of girls that attend school then Cambodia has. However Cambodia has accepted women to be in government positions of decision making and ministers while Zambia has not allowed this, are still very traditional in their ways, and will not meet their target. Both of these countries are very traditional in that they both believe that women should be home tending children, but Cambodia has been able to adopt new ways in letting women into the government while Zambia is still sticking to their traditions except on a few occasions.

Reduce Child Mortality

Reduce Child MortalityCambodia

In order to reduce child mortality in Cambodia they hope to have 87% of all married women from 15-49 years old to use modern birth-spacing methods, which is better for the child and the mother. Throughout the years percentages have already increased of mothers using this method, which means Cambodia is well on its way to be able to reach their projected target by 2015. I feel that this is such an important millennium goal of development because without people in this country how is it supposed to thrive and become better. With helping these Cambodians reduce their child mortality rates they are ensuring more children to grow up and become educated and being able to be a generation to help Cambodia really develop and thrive.

Reduce Child Mortality

Zambia

The number of under-five deaths dropped from 190.7 per 1000 live births in 1992 to 119 in 2007. However, the target is 63.6. I do not feel that they will reach their goal unless they use extreme measure to prevent it. Infant mortality has also declined but it still has not reached its goal of 35.7. It is currently at a 70. In order for them to reach their goal they need to make access easier to trained health care professionals and educate more mothers on how to care for herself while still pregnant. They do not have the medicine and doctors that we have access to and so the child after birth is susceptible to more diseases.

Comparision• Both Cambodia and Zambia have been able to decrease

mortalities rates for children but Zambia may not reach their targeted goal. It seems that Cambodia has a system of modern birth- spacing methods which has greatly helped reduce the amount of deaths of infants while Zambia is still struggling to find a sure solution to this problem to be able to consistently decrease the amount the mortality rates of their children.

Improve Maternal Health

Improve Maternal HealthCambodia

In order to improve maternal health in this country pregnant women are able to receive at least two consultations with a doctor. They are hoping to have 82% of pregnant women in Cambodia be given this opportunity and already these targets have been met and mothers are being provided for. We hope that these percentages can continue to rise because these mothers deserve medical attention because they are going to be the ones raising these children. Cambodia needs strong mothers to be able to raise these new generation children to become leaders of their country.

Improve Maternal HealthZambia

In order to reach the goal that they need Zambia is going to have to significantly reduce the number of mothers dying due to complications in pregnancy, birth, and the first couple years afterwards. They need to set up programs to help mothers understand what things are going to prevent sickness for themselves and the baby. They are still a long way from reaching their goal. The target is 162. I don’t feel that they will be able to achieve their goals because they don’t have a way of educating women now in order to prevent deaths. It is very rare for a woman in Zambia to receive care from a trained professional during child birth. Most women know someone who is a midwife and that is how they are guided through labor.

Comparision• It would seem that Cambodia is on their way to reaching

their target for maternal health while Zambia is far from it. Cambodian women are receiving access to doctors, although limited it is still more than the woman in Zambia could wish for. Midwives seem to be common in both countries, although Zambia uses midwives as their main help during childbirth. Both countries need to set up programs to educate the mothers on how to care for themselves during the pregnancy and afterwards. Doing this will significantly improve maternal health.

 COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALAIRA, AND OTHER DISEASES:

 COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALAIRA, AND OTHER DISEASES:

CambodiaThere are three main diseases in Cambodia that the government considers critical and are mainly focused on in Cambodia, these are HIV/ AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. They hope to decrease HIV/AIDS to o.4% in the adult population, decrease malaria to 0.8% and decrease tuberculosis to 626 per 100,000 populations. Malaria is not under control in this country compared to earlier years, although tuberculosis has not shown much reduction. The earlier target of tuberculosis was 464 per 1000,000 populations, which had to be revised. These targets could be met but I think it depends on how much medical technologies, medical facilities, promoting prevention are all implemented within the society. I also feel that when poverty and malnutrition become more alleviated this will help to combat these diseases.

 COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALAIRA, AND OTHER DISEASES:

Zambia

The target for keeping prevalence (people with the diseases) is 15.6% which has already been met. Women have a higher prevalence rate than men do by about 4%. Zambia has reduced the amount of disease passed from mother to child. Prevention efforts have increased by 65%. The amount of children that sleep under nets was 41.1% in 2008. TB has a treatment success rate of 86% in 2008. Zambia is doing a lot in order to bring down the disease rate for their people. They have already hit their goal for 2015 but they are still working on improving more lives of people affected.

Comparision• Cambodia has more of an issue with malaria than people

in Zambia do. Although, Zambia has tried to issue most of the children a safety net that they can sleep in to keep the mosquitos out. There are other diseases more prevalent in Cambodia than HIV/Aids. Whether as Zambia is greatly affected by the virus. Zambia has met its goal for aids but Cambodia still has a ways to go to meet their target.

Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Ensure Environmental SustainabilityCambodiaThe main environmental stability Cambodia is mainly trying to implement is the safe rural drinking water for the population. The portions of population that have this safe drinking water has not been increased in the last couple years but with 50% of the population as their target it is achievable. However households covered by rural sanitation have began to grow. In the urban population 80% have access to save water, which exceeds their target. This gives hope that rural populations will be able to achieve there targets which may help in the combat of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis.

Ensure Environmental SustainabilityZambia

The amount of forestland in Zambia was reduced from 66% to 55.9% in 2007. This has raised a lot of concern.

Zambia is trying to curb deforestation and to regenerate the forests that they have already lost. The target for people without access to clean drinking water is 25.5%. They do this by replacing old wells in the rural parts of the country. Also by more access to treated water. They aren’t making a lot of progress now as the percentages are climbing higher when they should be going lower. I do not think that they will be able to reach this goal by 2015. They are still at least 15% away from reaching their goal. Zambia should help try to provide affordable water and sanitation services for the poorer people of the country.

Comparision• Both Cambodia and Zambia are declining in the amount

of people with access to clean water. That number should be increasing. Both countries are struggling to find the resources to allow everyone water. Zambia has begun to replace the older wells so that they can get a little bit cleaner water than they did before. Cambodia hasn’t really done anything for more rural parts yet and they only have a 50% target.

Developing a Global Partnership

Developing a Global PartnershipCambodia• No specific targets were made in Cambodia to reach global partnership but

Cambodia has grown and progressed and is now reaching more than 1 billion dollars, if this amount is sustained over the next 4 years it will have met requirements for external assistance for public investments. Although Cambodia is growing in this developmental goal there are still areas for improvement including a vigorous trade strategy at a sub-national level. I also feel that the Royal Government of Cambodia needs to take steps to ensure the poor and vulnerable areas of Cambodia are growing and moving towards these goals. A growth in education, health, agriculture, environmental protection, water and sanitation will greatly help this country continue to grow and develop.

Developing a Global PartnershipZambia

Zambia has sustained a record of economic stability, achieved single-digit inflation, and consistently had growth rates over 5% during the past 5 years. This means that they are progressing a lot more than other countries. They are able to keep the inflation or cost of their prices from going too high and their growth is continuing to go up every year. Right now they are ranked the 6th best country in Africa with their business. Zambia is ranked 115 of 139 countries in competitiveness. They are looking into opening more key trading services to help the country grow faster.

Comparision• Cambodia and Zambia are on their way of establishing

themselves. Their economies have both grown and progressed. Even though they are experiencing growth they are still lacking in some areas. The government of both countries needs to ensure that the money they are making are going towards fulfilling the other 7 millennium goals.

Works Cited

Kailey Hankes:

Amber Crane:

“Zambia.” UNPD in. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.