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MILITARY SIMULATIONS

Note: inclusion of particular simulation models in this discussion is based solely on the availability of information on the internet. No endorsement or preference is implied.

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VERY GENERAL TOPIC

• Combat– On the ground– In the air– Seconds to months

• Logistics network (supply distribution) • Personnel management• Financial flows• Medical care• Satellite surveillance• Water production• Political change• Economic growth• Document production

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Combat Simulation Model Pyramid

SYSTEM/ENGINEERING

PLATFORM

FORCE ON FORCE

WARFAREMISSION

CAMPAIGN

Higher Resolution Models at Bottom

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BASIC FUNCTIONS

• Entities move on some defined motion space– Terrain and terrain feature modeling– 2D or 3D space– Network– Something even simpler– Entity as a point mass, shape, or more sophisticated

• Entities detect one another– Bump into one another– Sensor modeled as a circle– Line of sight, signature propagation, antenna gain

pattern– Tracking things you sense, sharing that knowledge

• Opposing entities engage– Attrition over time– Individual salvos of weapons– Hits on the skin of the target

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COSMOS

• OBJECTIVE– PROVIDES A CAPABILITY TO ASSESS THE

PERFORMANCE OF A WIDE VARIETY OF SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES

• SCOPE– NATIONAL, THEATER, AND ORGANIC ASSETS– SENSORS, C4I ELEMENTS AND WEAPON SYSTEMS– SINGLE PLATFORM UP TO A LARGE SYSTEM OF

SYSTEMS– SPACE, AIR, NAVAL, AND GROUND-BASED PLATFORMS

• EXPLICITLY CONSIDERS– PLATFORM OPERATIONS– SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE– TARGET SIGNATURES AND BEHAVIORS– PROCESSING, EXPLOITATION AND DISSEMINATION OF

INFORMATION– COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORK INFORMATION FLOW

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COSMOS

AREAS MODELED:• COMMUNICATION LINKS• C3 ARCHITECTURE • ISR COLLECTION SYSTEMS -

SIGINT, IMINT, IR, EO, MTI• MULTI-SENSOR FUSION,

TERRAIN MASKING • LINE OF SIGHT

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EXTENDED AIR DEFENSE SIMULATION (EADSIM)

• ANALYTICAL MODEL OF AIR WARFARE AND MISSILE DEFENSE

• USED FOR SCENARIOS FROM FEW-ON-FEW TO MANY-ON-MANY

• BALLISTIC AND AIR-BREATHING THREATS• SEA, LAND AND AIR TBMD SYSTEMS• MODELS COORDINATION AND INTERACTION

AMONG SYSTEMS• DEVELOPED FOR US ARMY SPACE AND

STRATEGIC DEFENSE COMMAND• EXTENSIVE OUTPUT INCLUDE INTERCEPT,

LEAKER, TRACK HISTORY, AND INTERCEPT FLYOUT DATA

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EADSIM

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TACWAR

INLANDSECTOR

COASTAL SECTOR

0 50

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

KM

450500550

CENTRAL SECTOR

RED FORCES(DIVISION OR BRIGADE LEVEL)

BLUE FORCES(DIVISION OR BRIGADE

LEVEL)

COMBAT ENGAGEMENT ZONE(CEZ)

AVENUE OF

APPROACH (AXIS)

USER-DEFINEDSECTORS

MOEs:• FORWARD EDGE OF THE BATTLE AREA

(FEBA) MOVEMENT

• TIME TO HALT THE INVASION• RED/BLUE

LOSSES

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GENERALIZED CAMPAIGN ANALYSIS MODEL (GCAM)

THREAT FORCESBUILDUP OF USA

AND USMC FORCES ASHORE OVER TIME

MINE THREAT

USAF AND USMC AIR OPERATIONS

NAVAL FORCES LOCATION AND

MOVEMENT

LAND-BASED AND SEA-BASED TBMD

FORCES

LOGISTICS SUPPORT

OPERATIONS

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GCAM

• SCENARIO-SPECIFIC MARITIME CAMPAIGN MODEL - APPLICATION OF GCAM

• INITIAL CONDITIONS– BLUE OOB, FORCE FLOW, AND

CONOPS–PROGRAM OF RECORD, DPG SCENARIOS, MSFD, N816/IWAR REVIEW

– THREAT OOB AND CONOPS–DIA AND ONI INTEL ESTIMATES, DPG SCENARIOS, MSFD

– PLATFORM/SYSTEM PERFORMANCE–WARFARE CENTER AND IN-HOUSE DATABASES AND MODELING RESULTS

– WEAPONS PERFORMANCE–NUWC MODELING RESULTS

– ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS–NAVY ACOUSTIC DATABASES AND MODELS

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FORCE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS TOOL (FORSAT)

MULTIPLE CRISES

GLOBAL NAVAL FORCES STATUS

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THUNDER

TARGETS

WEAPONRELEASE

Take Off FLOT

EGRESS

INTERCEPT

Flight GroupJoin-up

Models aircraft sorties for air-to-air and ground attack, models the target as a point, includes air command and control, weapons, timing.

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Satellite Tool Kit (STK) models surveillance of the air and ground (optical, signals, signatures) using physics-based models of propagation.

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OneSAF

• Army simulation• Entities are

individual combatants (tanks, trucks, soldiers)

• SAF = Semi-autonomous Force

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GAMES AND SIMULATIONS

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FEDERATION

Models

Models

Models

Data

Data

Data Communications

CommunicationsCommunications

Management

Management Management

System

System System

Operation

Operation

Operation

Interoperability establishes ‘fair fight’ & seamless simulation.