Mike Dottridge, C.V.

Curriculum Vitae Mike Dottridge

Consultant - Human rights and child rights, with a special focus on exploitation

Updated August 2016

Career Summary (starting with my most recent work)

I am a national of the United Kingdom. I spent 25 years working in human rights non-governmental organisations (NGOs), from 1977 until 2002. Since 2002 I have worked independently as a consultant on human rights and child rights issues. From 1995 onwards, my work focused on various forms of exploitation, how to protect the adults and children involved and how to prevent exploitation from occurring in the first place, whether it concerns child labour, the economic or commercial sexual exploitation of children, forced labour or trafficking in human beings. I have given particular attention to issues surrounding economic or sexual exploitation and trafficking that involve children. Since 2006 this has led me to focus on methods that help keep young people safe while migrating.

As a consultant I have worked for organisations that include the ILO, UNICEF, NGOs based in Switzerland and the United Kingdom, and several governmental and private donors. A selection of the projects are mentioned in the section on ‘experience as a consultant’ below (pages 2 to 8). Much of my work has involved evaluations or helping an organisation to learn from their work (institutional learning), drafting reports or publications for them about their results and lessons learnt.

Although based in the United Kingdom, my work takes me to different parts of the world, particularly regions where human trafficking is regarded as a significant problem, such as South East Europe and South East Asia. Fluent in English, French and Spanish, and with a working knowledge of Portuguese, I have experience of working with (and interviewing) people from many different countries, cultures and language zones.

In addition to my remunerated work as a consultant, I am a trustee on the United Nations’ Voluntary Trust Fund for Contemporary Forms of Slavery, I write academic articles and have been the edited of various volumes.

* * * *

From 1995 to 2002 I was employed by Anti-Slavery International, a charity/NGO based in London (from 1996 onwards as Director), focusing on questions of child labour, human trafficking (of both children and adults), debt bondage and forced labour (in South Asia and Brazil) and slavery (in parts of sub-Saharan Africa).

From 1977 to 1995 I was employed at Amnesty International’s International Secretariat in London in four separate posts, moving from investigating violations of civil and political rights in the Central Africa from 1979 until 1987 to being Director of the organisation’s work concerning sub-Saharan Africa from 1987 until 1995.

From 1976 to 1977, following my graduation, I was employed in a research unit, the Centre for Social and Economic Research, at Ahmed Bello University in Zaria, Northern Nigeria.

Details of my employment between 1976 and 2002 appear on pages 8 to 10. Details of my publications appear from page 11 to 13. References are available upon request.

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Personal details Name Mike DOTTRIDGE (on passport: Michael Dottridge)

Marital status Male, married, with two adult children

E-mail mikedottridge@btopenworld.com

Telephone (land line) +44 1763 242 902

(mobile) + 44 79 79 96 46 18

Skype ‘mikedottridge’

Address 6 Downlands - Royston - Herts SG8 5BY - United Kingdom

Nationality British

Education and Qualifications

University B.A. (First Class honours) in Social Anthropology from University of Cambridge (United Kingdom), 1974.

M.Soc.Sc. (Master of Social Science) in West African Studies from University of Birmingham (United Kingdom), 1975.

Languages Mother tongue English. Fluent French and Spanish; conversation level Portuguese. I

have retained some ability in languages that I have learned in the past but not kept up, such as Arabic, German, Hausa and Italian.

Membership of relevant associations

Since 2011 I have been one of the five trustees of the United Nations (UN) Voluntary Fund on Contemporary Forms of Slavery (currently chairperson). This is an unremunerated position, which requires attending one week-long board meeting in Geneva each year, visiting Geneva at other times to seek donations to the Fund from diplomatic missions, occasionally visiting projects, and liaising with and providing information to UN Special Rapporteurs focusing on issues concerning human trafficking, child exploitation and other contemporary forms of slavery.

Since 2013 I have been a member of a three-person advisory board of a £8 million programme, Work in Freedom (2013-2018), implemented by the International Labour Organization’s Special Action Programme against Forced Labour (financed by the UK Aid) to prevent trafficking in women and girls within South Asia and between South Asia and the Middle East.

Experience as a consultant (in reverse chronological order, 2016 to 2002)

2014-2016

July to September 2016: Evaluating a project financed by the European Commission’s ISEC programme,

intended “to improve responses to trafficking for labour exploitation throughout the EU, by developing

effective EU-wide strategies for proactive identification and support of victims”. This involves visiting

project partners in the Netherlands, Romania and the UK.

April – August 2016: Editing reports on government responses to trafficking in human beings in four

countries in the Western Balkans (for the BAN 2 project organised by NGOs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia). This was a continuation of a project in

2015 to design a handbook to monitor responses to human trafficking and involved amending the

handbook and attending a conference in Belgrade, as well as editing reports.

April – June 2016: Preparing a set of non-branded Recommended Principles concerning the human rights

of children on the move and other children affected by migration for a Geneva-based Foundation (the Oak

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Foundation), including managing a one-day consultation with representatives of international

organisations.

December 2015 – June 2016: Preparing a report for the Council of Europe on measures to discourage

trafficking for the purpose of labour exploitation. Prepared with a grant that focused on the situation in

Poland (involving a short research trip to Warsaw).

February 2015 to January 2016: Preparing advice for World Education on funding and opportunities to work

on ‘children on the move’ issues.

October 2015: One-week consultancy for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

presence in Moldova, organising a training workshop for the government’s anti-trafficking Permanent

Secretariat on results-based planning, monitoring and reporting.

May – September 2015: preparing a handbook on monitoring state responses to trafficking in human beings

in the Western Balkans (for the BAN-2 project organised by four NGOs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia).

March – June 2015: Evaluation of a project by the Bangkok-based Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women

(GAATW) to develop methods for interviewing trafficked persons about the quality of the assistance and

protection they received (Towards Greater Accountability – Participatory Monitoring of Anti-Trafficking

Initiatives). This included commenting on a report about experiences in Latin America and resulted in

GAATW asking me to attend a three-day conference in Bolivia about human trafficking and people

smuggling.

November 2014 – March 2015: preparing six detailed strategy papers on various forms of child slavery and

extreme forms of child exploitation for a London-based charity which intended to support activities to

prevent such abuse.

October 2014 – March 2015: Preparation for the OSCE presence in Albania of a business code on conduct

to prevent child labour, issued in March 2015 as ‘Business Code of Conduct Concerning the Employment of

Workers aged less than 18’ (Kodi I Sjelljes Së Biznesit Në Lidhje Me Punësimin E Personave Nën Moshën 18

Vjeç) jointly by BuzinesAlbania and the OSCE Presence in Albania.

June – November 2014: Finalisation of a report for the OSCE Office of the Special Representative and Co-

ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings on the action that businesses can take to prevent

trafficking in human beings, particularly using voluntary codes of conduct. Published by the OSCE in

November 2014: Ensuring that Businesses do not Contribute to Trafficking in Human Beings: Duties of States

and the Private Sector. OSCE OSR Occasional Paper 7.

October – November 2014: Consultancy for the Terre des hommes Foundation in Moldova (institutional

learning) to prepare a report entitled Lessons Learned from the Terre des Hommes Foundation Project

Entitled ‘Fight Against Child Trafficking - Transnational Action’ (FACT TA) in Moldova and the Russian

Federation.

August 2013 – July 2014: Consultant for an international NGO in West Africa (the Terre des hommes

Foundation), organising research to identify effective methods for protecting children who migrate at a

young age to work away from home, resulting in the publication in June 2014 of Locally-Developed Child

Protection Practices Concerning Mobile Children in West Africa.

Other work from 2014 to 2016:

Consultant to the secretariat of the Council of Europe’s GRETA (the committee responsible for

monitoring the Council of Europe’s anti-trafficking convention), participating in day-long

workshops in Azerbaijan, Iceland, Portugal and Sweden to follow up GRETA’s recommendations,

and preparing reports on the workshops for the authorities of the countries concerned;

Participating in a review of methods for evaluating projects and programmes to stop trafficking in

persons, by the UN’s Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT);

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Visiting editor on issue 3 of the Anti-Trafficking Review, an academic publication focusing on anti-

trafficking initiatives, published by the Global Alliance against Traffic in Women (GAATW) in 2014.

The subject of this issue was ‘Following the Money: Spending on Anti-Trafficking’. I reviewed

contributions and prepared the editorial, ‘How is the money to combat human trafficking spent?’;

Reviewing and commenting on progress from 2014 onwards of the ILO’s Working in Freedom

programme in South Asia and the Middle East;

Commenting on a draft set of ‘Guidelines to prevent abusive recruitment, exploitative

employment and trafficking of migrant workers in the Baltic Sea region’, prepared by the European

Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI), and

attended a consultation about the draft (in Lithuania), prior to their publication in 2014;

Mentoring a Swiss project, ‘Speak Out’, providing advice to a researcher consulting foreign-born

children in Switzerland about their experiences (resulting in a publication in 2015);

Testifying to members of the British Parliament who were preparing a new law against ‘modern

slavery’;

Testifying in September 2015 at the Extraordinary African Chambers trial in Senegal of a former

head of state of Chad (Hissein Habré) concerning gross violations of human rights committed

between 1981 and 1990;

Preparing evidence about slave labour in Brazil for a case (heard in 2016) before the Inter-

American Court of Human Rights;

One week evaluation visit in March 2014 to an NGO project in Nepal to influence children before

they migrate, followed by preparation of evaluation report and further advice;

Various speaking engagements at British universities and as a speaker at sessions of the Vienna-

based Regional Implementation Initiative on Preventing and Combating Human Trafficking;

Reviewing various project proposals and draft publications for the King Baudouin Foundation

(about the re/integration of trafficked children), the Oak Foundation and academic publications

about human trafficking.

2012- 2013

November 2013: As a consultant for the OSCE, I organised a two-day training for Moldova’s anti-trafficking

secretariat, focusing on methods for monitoring and evaluating a new national anti-trafficking plan.

April – October 2013: Member of a team evaluating the overseas aid spending of France’s Foreign Ministry

to combat human trafficking and developing proposals for the Ministry’s future strategy and priorities.

March and October 2013: Consultant to the secretariat of the Council of Europe’s GRETA, its committee

responsible for monitoring the Council of Europe’s anti-trafficking convention, participating in day-long

workshops in Cyprus and Romania to follow up GRETA’s recommendations to States Parties.

April 2013: Investigating the situation of children on the move in two Latin American countries (Ecuador

and Nicaragua) and identifying measures that an NGO could implement to protect such children.

March 2013: Assessing efforts by an NGO in Albania to prevent children from being trafficked and preparing

a report for their donor (USAID).

February 2013: Revisiting an NGO project in Cambodia to influence children who migrate, for a mid-term

evaluation.

October 2012 - February 2013: Preparing two drafts of a background paper about measures for States to

take to discourage ‘demand’ (that encourages human trafficking) for the UN Special Rapporteur on

trafficking in persons, especially women and children (a finalised version was issued by the Special

Rapporteur for the UN Human Rights Council in March 2013).

April 2012 – March 2013: Visiting editor for the Inter-Agency Working Group on Children on the Move,

resulting in the publication by IOM in March 2013 of Children on the Move (six articles, along with my

editorial and a preface by the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Migrants).

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October – November 2012: Advising a European Union-financed project in Kosovo on how the authorities

should monitor the National Plan against Trafficking in Human Beings and what steps should be taken to

consolidate different sources of data about trafficked persons and traffickers.

July to November 2012: Revising a Terre des Hommes manual on children on the move (including a further

workshop in Bangkok), which was published (in English) in November 2012 and subsequently translated

into Spanish.

July and September 2012: participation in meetings of a regional initiative, based in Austria, to improve the

quality of anti-trafficking initiatives, preparing papers for two workshops, including Guidelines for

Preventing, Identifying and Combatting Cases of Trafficking in Human Beings for Labour exploitation (20-

pages).

May to September 2012: Drafting three thematic papers for the Inter-Agency Coordination Group against

Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), established in 2006 in response to response to a UN Economic and Social

Council (ECOSOC) resolution. The three papers were entitled: (a) The next decade: Promoting common

priorities and greater coherence in the fight against human trafficking; (b) The International Legal

Frameworks concerning Trafficking in Persons; and (c) Preventing Trafficking in Persons by Discouraging

Demand.

April – December 2012: Conducting two reviews for the Terre des Hommes International Federation. The

first was an assessment of a decade-long campaign against child trafficking. This resulted in the publication

of Beyond a Snapshot. Learning lessons from the Terre des Hommes International Campaign against Child

Trafficking (2001-2011), as well as an unpublished report on the way the campaign had been managed

within the Federation. The second was a review of the Federation’s advocacy programme, accompanied by

recommendations for the future.

2011

November 2011 – January 2012: Member of a team evaluating the anti-trafficking programme of the OSCE’s

Office for Democratic Initiatives and Human Rights (ODIHR).

December 2011 – January 2012: ‘Lessons learnt’ exercise and report for Project Mario, a three year multi-

NGO programme in Central and Eastern Europe to improve child protection, which focused on protecting

children ‘on the move’ within their own country or from one European country to another.

September – November 2011: Preparation of a chapter for the 2011 annual report of the OSCE Office of

the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings.

October 2011: Evaluation of two NGO projects to influence children who migrate, one in China (concerning

children in Beijing of internal migrants) and the other in Cambodia (focusing on adolescents before they

migrate).

July 2011 – October 2012: Member of an NGO project team conducting a ‘study on typology and policy

responses to child begging in the European Union’, managed by the International Centre for Migration

Policy Development (ICMPD). This resulted in the publication in May 2013 of a Report for the Study on

Typology and Policy Responses to Child Begging in the EU.

April – October 2011: Preparing an unpublished report on the lessons learned by the ILO’s Special Action

Programme to Combat Forced Labour.

June – July 2011: Member of a two-person team conducting a final appraisal of AusAID’s Asia Regional

Trafficking in Persons (ARTIP) project in Southeast Asia, resulting in the publication, with Peter Bazeley, of

an ‘Independent Completion Report’ (Asia Regional Trafficking in Persons Project, AidWorks Initiative

Number ING262), September 2011.

December 2010 – January 2011: Mid-term evaluation of Project MARIO, a four country-programme to keep

children moving (or being moved) within Europe safe.

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October 2010 – January 2011: Joint evaluator of a project addressing child labour in a Mediterranean city

in Egypt, organising the methods to be used in the evaluation, explaining these at an initial workshop for

project staff who were to carry out evaluation activities and working with a Cairo-based colleague to

develop a final report.

2010

October 2010 (and other times during the year): Advising on methods to protect ‘children on the move’,

particularly facilitating consultations on this issue for a private donor, the Oak Foundation.

February 2010 – January 2011: External reviewer for an evaluation of NORAD’s support to the IOM’s

initiatives to combat human trafficking

January – February 2010 and again in 2011: Drafting a discussion paper for the OSCE about measures than

businesses can take to reduce ‘demand’ for human trafficking.

January – October 2010: Consultant to an NGO joint project (‘European NGOs Observatory on Trafficking,

Exploitation and Slavery’ or E-notes), preparing research methods to use in 27 European Union countries,

to monitor government responses to human trafficking across the EU; making a summary analysis of the

information collected and drafting the main part of a Report on the policies and interventions of European

Union Member States in 2008 and 2009 in response to human trafficking.

July – November 2010: Consultant to a Europe-based federation of NGOs that assists children around the

world about relations between the separate (autonomous) organisations belonging to the federation and

ways of improving relations and reorganising the priorities and workload of the federation’s international

secretariat. I drafted an 85-page report for the federation for its management board and annual general

meeting, making several dozen recommendations for change, many of which were implemented

subsequently.

May 2010 – April 2011: Preparing a manual about methods to protect ‘children on the move’, with a focus

on South and Southeast Asia (both unaccompanied children and those travelling with relatives, within their

own countries or across international borders) and enabling NGOs to understand better what such methods

entail. The manual was issued as a draft by the Terre des Hommes International Federation and was

subsequently revised in 2012 on the basis of comments received. Its preparation involved workshops in

India and Thailand.

February – April 2010: Drafting a report about the implementation in the United Kingdom (UK) of the

Council of Europe’s Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, based on information

collected by the Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group, an NGO coalition in the UK. This was published in June

2010 as Wrong kind of victim? One year on: an analysis of UK measures to protect trafficked persons.

2009

August – December 2009: Assessing good practice in Terre des Hommes programmes to enhance the

capacity of institutions to combat child trafficking in 13 countries on three continents and preparing a

publication (In pursuit of good practices in responses to child trafficking: experiences from Latin America,

Southeast Europe and Southeast Asia).

October 2008 – August 2009: Part of a team conducting a study requested by the European Commission on

the desirability and feasibility of introducing a single helpline (telephone number) throughout the European

Union for adults or children who have been trafficked (Feasibility and assessment study on a European

hotline for victims of trafficking in human beings).

July – October 2009: Preparing an unpublished 80-page Strategic review and assessment of attempts to

protect ‘children on the move’ from abuse and exploitation for UNICEF.

June 2009: Preparing an unpublished paper for Save the Children UK on methods to collect information

about ‘children on the move’ and to design programmes or assistance for such children.

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2008

April 2008 – January 2009: Assessing the results of a three year programme by a London-based NGO

working with indigenous and tribal peoples’ rights organisations in Asia.

September 2008 – January 2009: Carrying out a review of the data collecting and recording techniques

concerning individuals who have been trafficked, used by five UK-based NGOs.

July 2008 – October 2008: Preparing an 80-page thematic paper on Child trafficking for sexual purposes for

the World Congress against the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, held in Brazil in November

2008.

January 2008 – September 2008: Preparing a study for the Terre des Hommes International Federation

about the effects of child protection measures intended to prevent child migrants from being subjected to

abuse. This was published in English in November 2008 as Kids Abroad: ignore them, abuse them or protect

them? Lessons on how to protect children on the move from being exploited.

November 2007 – April 2008: Designing a strategy for the adoption and implementation at national level

in West and Central Africa of UNICEF’s Guidelines for the protection of the rights of child victims of

trafficking and preparing a manual to help implementation (A handbook on adapting and implementing

UNICEF’s Guidelines for the protection of the rights of child victims of trafficking at national level in West

and Central Africa).

2007

August 2007 – May 2008: Assessing the results of efforts by a London-based NGO working on minority

rights to improve respect for the rights of minorities and indigenous peoples by providing training to NGOs

based in four parts of the world.

June 2007 – September 2007: Preparing a manual for the European Commission’s Directorate General for

Justice, Liberty and Security, to allow European Union Member States to measure their progress in

implementing anti-trafficking measures (Measuring Responses to Trafficking in Human Beings in the

European Union: an Assessment Manual).

February 2007: Organising a workshop for researchers investigating abductions and cases of slavery or

forced labour in Darfur, Sudan (the resulting report was published in December 2008).

September 2006 – February 2008: Advising the Oak Foundation on initiatives to enable the organisations

funded in Eastern Europe and South Asia to coordinate their efforts more effectively to stop child trafficking

and the commercial sexual exploitation of children.

2006

August 2006 – September 2007: Supervising the preparation of a report (writing an introduction and editing

chapters prepared by others) for the Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women (GAATW), an NGO,

documenting the human rights impact of anti-trafficking measures in various countries (Collateral Damage.

The impact of anti-trafficking measures on human rights around the world).

September 2006 – February 2007: Supervising evaluations of Terre des Hommes Foundation projects in

three West African countries to improve protection for child migrants and to stop child trafficking.

August – October 2006: Preparing a report for UNICEF’s Innocenti Research Centre based on structured

interviews with 30 young people in Southeastern Europe who were trafficked as children, due for

publication in late 2008 (UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Young People's Voices on Child Trafficking:

Experiences from South Eastern Europe).

March – August 2006: Evaluating a regional ILO programme in five countries in Southeast Asia to prevent

children and women from being trafficked (the ‘TICW’ project).

February 2006: Reviewing Terre des Hommes Foundation projects in three West African countries to

improve protection for unaccompanied children (‘children on the move’) and to stop child trafficking.

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2002-2005

May 2005 – November 2006: I prepared a handbook for Terre des Hommes on the design of projects to

prevent child trafficking. This was published in September 2007 as A handbook on planning projects to

prevent child trafficking.

May 2005 – January 2006: Focusing on efforts to prevent child trafficking for two separate organisations.

Terre des Hommes asked me to prepare guidelines on designing programmes to prevent child trafficking,

while UNICEF and Terre des hommes together asked me to make an assessment of initiatives to prevent

children from being trafficked in Southeastern Europe (on the basis of information collected during visits

to Albania, Kosovo, Romania and Moldova). I prepared preliminary reports for UNICEF following visits to

Kosovo, Romania and Moldova, which also included assessments of efforts in each country to ensure the

long-term reintegration of children who had been trafficked. The results were published in August 2006 as

a joint UNICEF/Terre des hommes report (Action to Prevent Child Trafficking in South Eastern Europe-A

Preliminary Assessment).

June 2005: Preparing a paper about cases of forced labour in Europe for the ILO (SAPFL), as part of a regional

initiative to address trafficking and forced labour.

April-May 2005: Advising and facilitating strategic planning at a London-based NGO whose work focuses on

child soldiers.

November 2004 – March 2005: Drafting a reference guide for UNICEF on the protection of children who

have been trafficked in Europe (a commentary on Guidelines issued by UNICEF in 2003), published by

UNICEF in 2006 (Reference Guide on Protecting the Rights of Child Victims of Trafficking in Europe).

June – August 2004: Drafting a report about child labour and UNICEF’s protection activities concerning

working children, End child exploitation: child labour today, for UNICEF-UK.

May – July 2004: Preparing a paper about cases of forced labour in Africa for the ILO (SAPFL).

March – July 2004: Assessing the medium-term impact of advocacy activities organised before and during

the World Conference Against Racism for a London-based human rights NGO.

October 2003 – February 2004: Drafting a resource pack for UNICEF-UK, describing initiatives for businesses

to take on the issue of child labour, published on-line in April 2005.

September 2003 – March 2004: Drafting a report on child trafficking around the world for a Europe-based

NGO, Terre des Hommes, published in May 2004 as Kids as commodities? Child trafficking and what to do

about it.

May – July 2003: Preparing a project proposal for the International Programme on the Elimination of Child

Labour (IPEC) of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) to submit to a donor concerning a US$7 million

programme about child soldiers, “Prevention and Reintegration of Children involved in Armed Conflict, an

Inter-regional Programme concerning five countries in Central Africa and three other selected countries”.

December 2002 – January 2003 and various times in 2004: Evaluation of advocacy work by a London-based

human rights NGO (concerning their efforts to bring about change by influencing United Nations

committees).

October 2002 – April 2003: Preparing two drafts of a report on Issues of Accountability for Human Rights

NGOs for the International Council on Human Rights Policy (Geneva), resulting in a 140-page report issued

for consultation in May 2003.

While working as a consultant I have also attended numerous conferences and workshops, either

presenting papers or organising and supervising training sessions.

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Career highlights while working for Anti-Slavery International and Amnesty International (in chronological order)

1979 As Amnesty’s researcher for Central Africa, I documented and initiated publicity about a mass killing of children imprisoned in the Central African Empire (now known as the Central African Republic). This received substantial media coverage and resulted in the formation of a five-country commission of inquiry to investigate the killings.

1980 – 1995

Researched and wrote numerous reports about violations of civil and political rights in countries in Central Africa, including Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and Zaire (now the Congo). Participated in delegations to influence government officials to end human rights violations and prepared recommendations for government officials on changes in legislation or practice to bring these into line with international standards.

1996 – 2000

Member of the International Steering Committee of the ‘Global March Against Child Labour’, which organised marches and campaigns in dozens of countries in 1998. This brought together hundreds of organisations to persuade the International Labour Organization and governments to take more effective action on child labour.

1998 -1999

Organiser of the NGO lobby at two International Labour Conferences, when a new convention on the worst forms of child labour was under consideration and eventually adopted.

2000 Visited Sudan to investigate and report on the capture and enslavement of more than 10,000 people in the context of the country’s civil war.

March 2002

Chaired a group of United Nations experts advising the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on a set of Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking (issued in May 2002).

Responsibilities and achievements while Director of Anti-Slavery International

I was responsible for all aspects of the management of a charity with 18-staff and 10 or more volunteers, assisted by a deputy director whose responsibilities focused on financial management. I was responsible for planning and developing the organisation’s programme of work, for representing the organisation to a wide range of audiences, including governments, media and non-governmental organisations, both in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, for personnel policy, for assuring the quality of the organisation’s work, and for reporting on it to the charity’s trustees. I had particular responsibilities for developing Anti-Slavery’s work at both the United Nations and International Labour Organization (ILO) in Geneva.

I refocused the mandate of this long-established charity and increased its public profile as a campaigning organisation. Its income doubled in my first three years as director, from £300,000 to £600,000 per annum. I took a lead role between 1996 and 1998 in promoting Anti-Slavery’s work against abusive child labour and in leading an international campaign known as the ‘Global March Against Child Labour’. Afterwards, I focused on developing Anti-Slavery’s programme on trafficking in women and children and the charity’s work concerning slavery in Sudan. I visited NGOs and victims of abuse in wide range of countries, including Benin, Brazil, India, Sudan, Pakistan and Philippines. I improved Anti-Slavery’s working relations with many other NGOs and succeeded in getting organisations to work together which were previously in conflict. I developed Anti-Slavery’s relations with trade unions and the ILO and took part in the design of a project concerning child trafficking for the ILO’s International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).

I consolidated the organisation’s role as the lead international agency working against bonded labour (debt bondage) and also as lead international agency advising on how to assist children working as domestic servants. I helped ensure higher media attention for all extreme forms of economic exploitation, giving numerous television interviews to British media, and radio and newspapers in other continents in English, French and Portuguese. I managed the development of Anti-Slavery’s new web-site and its use of Internet to disseminate information and to secure support for the issues the charity worked on. I developed the charity’s expertise on human trafficking and chaired a working group on human trafficking, convened by

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the Officer of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to design a new international standard on human rights and human trafficking (issued in 2002 as the High Commissioner’s Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking). I helped organise training sessions for other NGOs on child rights issues, including the ‘worst forms of child labour’ and children employed as domestic servants, taking part as a trainer. I attended training sessions on project design and ‘logical framework’. I was the joint author of a major UN review of international law concerning contemporary forms of slavery. Within the charity I developed a core of permanent staff and new personnel policies for the organisation.

Responsibilities and achievements while Head of the Africa Unit at Amnesty International

By 1995 I was Director of a 35-person unit responsible for Amnesty International's work on Africa, including the programme of research and public information about violations of civil and political rights, recruitment and development of Amnesty International's members in Africa and liaison with other human rights groups there, organisation of campaigns about human rights issues in Africa, and educational programmes to increase awareness of human rights issues. Most staff of the department were based in London, but two were in Paris and one in West Africa. I managed the department, including: planning and agreeing its budget and modifying it as appropriate; developing a two-year plan for the department to agree its priorities and main programmes; setting standards for performance and ensuring that strategies and work plans were developed and implemented; and overseeing personnel issues such as recruitment of staff and the resolution of grievances. I was also a member of Amnesty International's management team. I participated in contacts with governments, advised on and checked all texts for publication and supervised campaigns on African countries. In addition to meeting government officials, I regularly represented Amnesty International in interviews with the media (television, radio and newspapers) and others. I reorganised the research unit to respond to the different pressures and demands of the 1990s, which followed political changes in many countries. I led Amnesty delegations to various countries, including Burundi, Chad, Rwanda, Uganda and Zaire, to investigate human rights abuse and talk to government officials.

These responsibilities meant overseeing Amnesty’s work on Africa during a period of change in both South Africa and elsewhere, as dictatorships were replaced by more open societies. I supported the development of Amnesty’s links with the new human rights NGOs in Africa, as well as governmental human rights bodies established in many African countries, and developed a training package for African NGOs monitoring and reporting on violations of civil and politics rights in their own countries. Once the OAU had established its own treaty monitoring body to oversee the region’s human rights standard (the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights), I initiated the publication in 1991 of a handbook about the Charter and how to submit information to the treaty monitoring body. I also took a lead in representing Amnesty at inter-governmental meetings (such as the UN’s annual Commission on Human Rights) and other organisations. During 1994 Amnesty International's secretariat was restructured, entailing changes not only in my own job (the number of staff I supervised increased from 28 to 35), but to the secretariat's departmental structure and organisational culture. I was involved in bringing about changes to a relatively hierarchical structure and culture, attending training courses in ‘systematic approach’, project management and on personnel issues. After agreeing a new programme of work and a substantially expanded budget and staff to work on Africa, I redesigned the jobs which were required, drawing up new job descriptions and person specifications to ensure greater autonomy of individual teams and new working methods which would encourage innovation and new ideas. The management of change during this period was made considerably more difficult by the genocide in Rwanda in 1994 and the management of Amnesty’s responses before, during and after the genocide.

Mike Dottridge, C.V.

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Publications

My publications while working as a consultant since 2002 (in chronological order from 2002 to 2016):

Deserving Trust – Issues of Accountability for Human Rights NGOs. International Council on Human Rights Policy draft report for consultation, May 2003.

Kids as Commodities? Child Trafficking and what to do about it. Terre des Hommes International Federation, Geneva, May 2004. Available at: http://www.terredeshommes.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/commodities.pdf

End child exploitation: child labour today (with Liz Stuart), UNICEF UK, February 2005.

Child Labour Resource Guide (with Will Oulton), UNICEF UK, April 2005.

‘Trafficking in children’ in Challenging Trafficking in Persons. Theoretical Debate and Practical Approaches (ed. Sector Project against Trafficking in Women). GTZ (Federal Ministry [of Germany] for Economic Cooperation and Development. Nomos, 2005.

Types of Forced Labour and Slavery-like Abuse occurring in Africa Today. A preliminary classification. In Esclavage moderne ou modernité de l’esclavage? Cahiers d’études africaines, XLV (3-4), 179-180, 2005.

Reference Guide on Protecting the Rights of Child Victims of Trafficking in Europe. UNICEF. July 2006. This can be downloaded at: www.unicef.org/ceecis/protection_4440.html

Action to Prevent Child Trafficking in South Eastern Europe. A Preliminary Assessment. UNICEF and Terre des Hommes. September 2006. This can be downloaded at: www.unicef.org/ceecis/media_4857.html

Notes on circumstances that facilitate genocide: the attention given to Rwanda by the media and others outside Rwanda before 1990, in Allan Thompson (ed.), The Media and the Rwanda Genocide, Ottawa, IDRC, 2007. This can be downloaded at: www.idrc.ca/en/ev-108214-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Action to strengthen indigenous child protection mechanisms in West Africa to prevent migrant children from being subjected to abuse (with Olivier Feneyrol). Terre des Hommes, May 2007. Available at http://www.childtrafficking.com/Docs/dottridge_oct07.pdf

A handbook on planning projects to prevent child trafficking. Terre des Hommes, 2007. This can be downloaded at: www.childtrafficking.com/Docs/prevent_child_tra_0607.pdf

Collateral Damage. The Impact of Anti-Trafficking Measures on Human Rights around the World. (Introduction by Mike Dottridge, who was also the general editor). GAATW, September 2007. This can be downloaded at: www.gaatw.net/

Responses to trafficking in persons: international norms translated into action at the national and regional levels, in An Introduction to Human Trafficking: Vulnerability, Impact and Action. Background Paper for the United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking Vienna Forum. UNODC, New York, 2008. This can be downloaded at: www.ungift.org/docs/ungift/pdf/knowledge/background_paper.pdf

Rethinking the Chocolate Campaign. Two-page article in Africa: Human Rights Protection of Trafficked and Migrant Persons. Alliance News, 29, July 2008. Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW).

Child Trafficking for Sexual Purposes. An 80-page thematic paper written on behalf of ECPAT International as a contribution to the World Congress III against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents. November 2009. This can be downloaded (English and Spanish) at: www.iiicongressomundial.net/congresso/arquivos/thematic_paper_trafficking_eng.pdf

Kids Abroad: ignore them, abuse them or protect them? Lessons on how to protect children on the move from being exploited. Terre des Hommes International Federation. Geneva, November 2008. This can be downloaded at www.terredeshommes.org/pdf/publication/kids_abroad.pdf

Young People’s Voices on Child Trafficking: Experiences from South Eastern Europe. Innocenti Working Paper 2008-05. UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. December 2008.

In pursuit of good practices in responses to child trafficking: experiences from Latin America, Southeast Europe and Southeast Asia. Terre des Hommes International Federation and Stichting Terre des Hommes Netherlands. February 2010.

Child migrant and child trafficking in West Africa, article in Weltsichten (German development magazine), February 2010.

Mike Dottridge, C.V.

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Wrong kind of victim? One year on: an analysis of UK measures to protect trafficked persons. Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group, June 2010.

Contemporary child slavery. Chapter 14 in Gwyn Cambell, Joseph Miller & Sue Miers (eds.), Child slaves in the Modern World. Ohio University Press (Athens – USA), 2011.

Report on the implementation of anti-trafficking policies and interventions in the 27 European Union Member States from a human rights perspective (2008 and 2009), E-notes, 2011.

Children, Adolescents and Human Trafficking: Making sense of a complex problem (with Anne Jordan), Issue Paper 5, May 2012, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, American University Washington College of Law.

Methods to Prevent Trafficking for Labour Exploitation: What to do and How. Chapter 2 in OSCE Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, An Agenda for Prevention: Trafficking for Labour Exploitation, Vienna, December 2011.

What can YOU do to protect children on the move. A handbook to enable organisations to review how they prevent child trafficking and exploitation, and whether they ensure that the best interests of the child guide their activities, Terre des Hommes International Federation, 2012.

The next decade: Promoting common priorities and greater coherence in the fight against human trafficking. Thematic paper issued by the Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), 2012.

Guidelines for Preventing, Identifying and Combatting Cases of Trafficking in Human Beings for Labour Exploitation, Regional Round Table of the Regional Implementation Initiative (on Trafficking in Human Beings), Vienna (Austria), 28 September 2012. Available https://www.bmbf.gv.at/frauen/gewalt/guidelines_for_responding_to_26175.pdf?4dz8a1.

The International Legal Frameworks concerning Trafficking in Persons. Thematic paper issued by the Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), 2012.

Beyond a Snapshot. Learning lessons from the Terre des Hommes International Campaign against Child Trafficking (2001-2011), Terre des Hommes International Foundation, 2012.

Children on the Move (editor and author of ‘Introduction to six articles by members of the research subgroup of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Children on the Move), IOM, March 2013.

Child migration: The need for international cooperation for effective policy responses (co-authored with Ana Fonseca, Najat Maalla M’Jid and Hans van de Glind) in Migration Policy Practice, Vol. III, Number 6, December 2013–January 2014.

Locally-Developed Child Protection Practices Concerning Mobile Children in West Africa. July 2014, Terre des hommes Foundation, Dakar.

Ending Exploitation. Ensuring that Businesses Do Not Contribute to Trafficking in Human Beings: Duties of States and the Private Sector. OSCE OSR Occasional Paper 7, Vienna.

Anti-Trafficking Review, issue 3 (September 2014), edition on ‘Following the Money: Spending on Anti-Trafficking’. I was visiting editor and author of the editorial, ‘How is the money to combat human trafficking spent?’ The edition included six thematic articles and five shorter contributions answering the question, “What would be the best way to use ten million dollars?”. Available at www.antitraffickingreview.org

Aid effectiveness and transparency: the case of anti-trafficking, (with Rebecca Napier-Moore), in Commonwealth Governance Handbook 2014/15, published for the Commonwealth Secretariat (2015).

Albanian Business Code of Conduct Concerning the Employment of Workers Aged Less Than 18 (for the OSCE Presence in Albania), February 2015, available (in Albanian) at http://www.biznesalbania.org.al/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Final.pdf

The creation of ‘trafficking’, in Beyond Trafficking and Slavery, 28 July 2015 (about the misuse of the label ‘trafficked’ in the Republic of Benin), available at https://opendemocracy.net/beyondslavery/mike-dottridge/creation-of-%E2%80%98trafficking%E2%80%99

Recommended principles to guide actions concerning children on the move and other children affected by Migration and Explanatory Comments (both co-authored with Jacqueline Bhabha). June 2016, Available at http://principlesforcom.jimdo.com/

Mike Dottridge, C.V.

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Emerging Good Practice by State Authorities, the Business Community and Civil Society in the area of Reducing Demand for Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Labour Exploitation. Council of Europe, June 2016, available at http://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/home

Awaiting Publication

‘Trafficked and Exploited: Overlapping and Confusing Terms in International Law’, in a volume edited by Dr Prabha Kotiswaran (King’s College, London), Cambridge University Press (initially presented at a Trafficking Law Workshop at King’s College, May 2014);

‘Collateral Damage caused by anti-trafficking interventions’ in a Routledge Handbook of Human Trafficking, edited by R. Piotrowicz, C. Rijken and B. Uhl.

Statement as an expert witness to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on Case 12,066 (FAZENDA BRASIL VERDE/Green Brazil Estate), January 2016 (49 page statement, confidential until the Court issues its verdict).

My publications between 1995 and 2002 included:

Helping Business to Help Stop Child Labour (with Jayanti Durai). Anti-Slavery International. 1996.

‘This Menace of Bonded Labour’ – Debt bondage in Pakistan. Anti-Slavery International. 1996.

Review of the Implementation of and Follow-up to the Conventions on Slavery. (With David Weissbrodt). German Yearbook of International Law, 2000, Dunker & Humblot.

Is there Slavery in Sudan? Anti-Slavery International. 2001.

Trafficking in children in West and Central Africa. Oxfam (Gender and Development, Vol. 10, No. 1), March 2002.

Abolishing Slavery and its Contemporary Forms. David Weissbrodt and Anti-Slavery International. (I drafted or edited the text contributed by Anti-Slavery International). Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2002.

Between 1977 and 1987 Amnesty International published numerous reports that I prepared about human rights violations in countries in sub-Saharan Africa, notably on Angola, Congo-Zaire and Rwanda. Between 1987 and 1994 I was the editor of numerous reports (such as Know Your Rights - the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights) and the author of others. I also prepared numerous communications addressed to governments or intergovernmental organisations. In 2015 I have evidence at the trial in Dakar of Chad’s former head of state, Hissein Habré, about gross violations of human rights in the 1980s, based on research by Amnesty International while Habré was in power and during several trips that I made to Chad afterwards.