Microsoft.NET Framework Overview Abidi Mahmoud Seminarium on Component -based Software Engineering

Microsoft .NET Framework Microsoft .NET Framework OverviewOverview

Abidi MahmoudAbidi Mahmoud

Seminarium onComponent-based Software Engineering

.NET Enterprise Vision

SchedulingAuthentication

Notification

ERP & Billing

Customer Operations Sales Supply Engineering

Customer

Service

Plant

Operations

UsersAny device,Any place,Any time

Roles/ExperiencesGet the right infoTo the right userAt the right time

XML Web ServicesIntegrate and orchestrate business applications and processes

Back OfficeHeterogeneous application and server infrastructure

What is .NET?What is .NET? A generic term for the MS visionA generic term for the MS vision

– The successor to WinDNAThe successor to WinDNA– Sometimes applied to product namesSometimes applied to product names

» Such as Such as Windows .NET ServerWindows .NET Server

A specific software frameworkA specific software framework– Includes a common runtimeIncludes a common runtime

» Common across OS and dev languageCommon across OS and dev language

– Includes baseline dev tools in an SDKIncludes baseline dev tools in an SDK– Includes powerful dev environmentIncludes powerful dev environment

» Visual Studio .NET Visual Studio .NET

.NET Framework.NET FrameworkStandard programming platformStandard programming platform

Common programming language Common programming language – C# “C Sharp”C# “C Sharp”– Standardized as ECMA-334Standardized as ECMA-334– Similar to Java (simplified C++)Similar to Java (simplified C++)

Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)– Standardized as ECMA-335Standardized as ECMA-335– Defines classes, types, and techniquesDefines classes, types, and techniques– Internationalization (I18N) supportInternationalization (I18N) support

The structure of the .NET FrameworkThe structure of the .NET Framework

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Common language specification (CLS)

Common language runtime (CLR)

COM+ servicesCOM+ services

.NET Framework classes.NET Framework classes

WindowsWindows

J#...J#...C#

Web FormsWeb FormsXML Web servicesXML Web services Windows Windows FormsForms

System servicesWin32 API and COM+ services


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Common Language Runtime (CLR)



WindowsWindows

J#...J#...C#C#


Microsoft implimentation of CLI and support for COM and

platform interoperation

What is the CLR?What is the CLR? CLR = Common Language RuntimeCLR = Common Language Runtime

– Microsoft’s implementation of CLI (ECMA Microsoft’s implementation of CLI (ECMA 335)335)»For Windows environmentsFor Windows environments

– Plus extensions for WindowsPlus extensions for Windows»Wintel PC, Wintel server, WinCE, Wintel PC, Wintel server, WinCE,

WinXPE, …WinXPE, …– Most extensions are in the class libraryMost extensions are in the class library

»CLI-compliant code runs on CLRCLI-compliant code runs on CLR

What is the CLI?What is the CLI? CLI = Common Language InfrastructureCLI = Common Language Infrastructure

– Language-neutral platformLanguage-neutral platform

– Provides a specification for executable code and the Provides a specification for executable code and the execution environment in which it runsexecution environment in which it runs

– Executable code is presented to the VES as Executable code is presented to the VES as modules.modules.

– CLI comprise the specification of :CLI comprise the specification of :» Execution engine (loader,JIT,garbage- collecting)Execution engine (loader,JIT,garbage- collecting)

» Common Type System (CTS)Common Type System (CTS)

» Common Language Specification (CLS)Common Language Specification (CLS)

Common Type System (CTS)Common Type System (CTS) Types describe values and specify a contract that all

values of that type shall support. CTS supports (OOP) as well as functional and

procedural PL– Values are simple bit patterns for things like

integers and floats…; – Objects Each object is self-typing, that is, its type

is explicitly stored in its representation.

Common Language Specification Common Language Specification (CLS)(CLS)

The CLS is a set of rules that apply to generated assemblies.

The CLS is an agreement between language The CLS is an agreement between language designers and framework (that is, class library) designers and framework (that is, class library) designers.designers.

The CLS specifies a subset of the CTS and a The CLS specifies a subset of the CTS and a set of usage conventions.set of usage conventions.

For more info…For more info…– http://http://msdnmsdn..microsoftmicrosoft.com/net/.com/net/ecmaecma– http://www.http://www.ecmaecma..chch//

CLR FeaturesCLR Features All code is compiled, not interpretedAll code is compiled, not interpreted

– AssembliesAssemblies are deployed in intermediate language (IL, are deployed in intermediate language (IL, also called CIL or MSIL)also called CIL or MSIL)

– Converted to native machine code at run time (via JIT Converted to native machine code at run time (via JIT compiler)compiler)

Static code managementStatic code management– Versioning, localizing, and signingVersioning, localizing, and signing– Configurable assembly resolverConfigurable assembly resolver– Global assembly cache (GAC)Global assembly cache (GAC)

Dynamic code managementDynamic code management– Memory allocation with garbage collectionMemory allocation with garbage collection– Lifecycle management via reference trackingLifecycle management via reference tracking– Thread poolingThread pooling

CLR FeaturesCLR Features Fine-grained code access securityFine-grained code access security

– Augments OS securityAugments OS security– Ensures that code only performs operations Ensures that code only performs operations

allowed by policies set by user or administratorallowed by policies set by user or administrator– Based on code source, publisher signature, and Based on code source, publisher signature, and

other evidenceother evidence Flexible remotingFlexible remoting

– Includes XML/SOAP and binaryIncludes XML/SOAP and binary– Remoting model is easily extendedRemoting model is easily extended– Integrates with web servicesIntegrates with web services

CLR InternalsCLR Internals

Class LoaderClass Loader

IL to NativeIL to NativeCompilersCompilers

CodeCodeManagerManager

GarbageGarbageCollectorCollector

Security ServicesSecurity Services Debug ServicesDebug Services

Type CheckerType Checker Exception ManagerException Manager

Thread ManagerThread Manager COM MarshalerCOM Marshaler

Base Class LibraryBase Class Library

Assemblies(Assemblies(CLI deployment unitsCLI deployment units)) Set of files in a derectory Set of files in a derectory

– It can be single or multi fileIt can be single or multi file

Assemblies are composed ofAssemblies are composed of– Manifest Manifest

» Metadata that describes the assembliesMetadata that describes the assemblies

– Metada Metada » Machine-readable information about a resourceMachine-readable information about a resource

» In .NET metadata includes type definition, version information, In .NET metadata includes type definition, version information, external assemby referencesexternal assemby references

– Code IL Code IL » Code that CLR executes at runtimeCode that CLR executes at runtime

Global Assembly CacheGlobal Assembly Cache GAC = database of shared assembliesGAC = database of shared assemblies Each assembly must have strong nameEach assembly must have strong name

– Similar to GUID, but much more detailedSimilar to GUID, but much more detailed– Includes text name, version, culture, digital Includes text name, version, culture, digital

signature, and public keysignature, and public key– Keys created by SN (strong name) utilityKeys created by SN (strong name) utility– Nobody can use your names because they are based Nobody can use your names because they are based

on your private keyon your private key GAC assemblies can only refer to other strong-GAC assemblies can only refer to other strong-

named assembliesnamed assemblies

CLR and Classic RuntimesCLR and Classic Runtimes

Windows NT 4 Windows 2000 .NET CLR VB6

Your code C++ and MFC

Any .NET language

MSVBVM60.DLL Language layer MFC40.DLL

MFCOLE.DLL

Context layer MTS

MTXEX.DLL COM+

OLE32.DLL OLEAUT32.DLL

Component loader COM

OLE32.DLL OLEAUT32.DLL

COM+ OLE32.DLL

OLEAUT32.DLL

CLR MSCOREE.DLL MSCORLIB.DLL With side-by-side

execution to support multiple versions

ExecutionExecution

CodeCode

MetadataMetadata

Compilation & ExecutionCompilation & Execution

CompilationCompilation

Before Before installation or installation or the first time the first time

each method is each method is calledcalled

JIT JIT CompilerCompiler

NativeNativeCodeCode

Source Source CodeCode

Language Language CompilerCompiler

AssemblyUnit of deployment,

similar to DLL or EXE with added metadata

Saved in cacheAn assembly can also

be pre-compiled as part of deployment


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WindowsWindows

J#...J#... Provide classes that can be called from

any .NET-enabled PLC#C#


Frameworks make use of sealed classes(do not permit any subclassing)

Framework FoundationFramework Foundation

System

System.Data System.Xml

System.Web

Globalization

Text

Security

Collections

Resources

Reflection

Net

IO

Threading

Diagnostics

ServiceProcess

Configuration

Design

Data (Dataset)

SQLTypes

SQL

XPath

XSLT

RuntimeInteropServices

Remoting

Serialization

Serialization

Configuration SessionState

Caching Security

ServicesDescription

Discovery

Protocols

UIHtmlControls

WebControls

System.Drawing

Imaging

Drawing2D

Text

Printing

System.WinForms

Design ComponentModel

Reader/Writers

DOM

Drawing

Framework support (Framework support (configuration,globalization, and managementconfiguration,globalization, and management))

System


System.Web

Globalization

Text

Security

Collections

Resources

Reflection

Net

IO

Threading

Diagnostics

ServiceProcess

Configuration

Design

Data (Dataset)

SQLTypes

SQL

XPath

XSLT


Remoting

Serialization

Serialization


Caching Security

ServicesDescription

Discovery

Protocols

UIHtmlControls

WebControls

System.Drawing

Imaging

Drawing2D

Text

Printing

System.WinForms


Reader/Writers

DOM

Drawing

Framework support (Framework support (platform acces and COM interoperationplatform acces and COM interoperation))

System


System.Web

Globalization

Text

Security

Collections

Resources

Reflection

Net

IO

Threading

Diagnostics

ServiceProcess

Configuration

Design

Data (Dataset)

SQLTypes

SQL

XPath

XSLT


Remoting

Serialization

Serialization


Caching Security

ServicesDescription

Discovery

Protocols

UIHtmlControls

WebControls

System.Drawing

Imaging

Drawing2D

Text

Printing

System.WinForms


Reader/Writers

DOM

Drawing

Framework support (Framework support (I/O, messaging, remoting, and serializationI/O, messaging, remoting, and serialization))

System


System.Web

Globalization

Text

Security

Collections

Resources

Reflection

Net

IO

Threading

Diagnostics

ServiceProcess

Configuration

Design

Data (Dataset)

SQLTypes

SQL

XPath

XSLT


Remoting

Serialization

Serialization


Caching Security

ServicesDescription

Discovery

Protocols

UIHtmlControls

WebControls

System.Drawing

Imaging

Drawing2D

Text

Printing

System.WinForms


Reader/Writers

DOM

Drawing

Framework support (Framework support (debugging, compilation, and code generationdebugging, compilation, and code generation))

System


System.Web

Globalization

Text

Security

Collections

Resources

Reflection

Net

IO

Threading

Diagnostics

ServiceProcess

Configuration

Design

Data (Dataset)

SQLTypes

SQL

XPath

XSLT


Remoting

Serialization

Serialization


Caching Security

ServicesDescription

Discovery

Protocols

UIHtmlControls

WebControls

System.Drawing

Imaging

Drawing2D

Text

Printing

System.WinForms


Reader/Writers

DOM

Drawing

Framework support (Framework support ( web protocol, web sever acces,and XML standards,…)web protocol, web sever acces,and XML standards,…)

System


System.Web

Globalization

Text

Security

Collections

Resources

Reflection

Net

IO

Threading

Diagnostics

ServiceProcess

Configuration

Design

Data (Dataset)

SQLTypes

SQL

XPath

XSLT


Remoting

Serialization

Serialization


Caching Security

ServicesDescription

Discovery

Protocols

UIHtmlControls

WebControls

System.Drawing

Imaging

Drawing2D

Text

Printing

System.Windows.Forms


Reader/Writers

Run Time

DOM

Drawing (subset)

Framework support (Framework support (component classes, web server support… component classes, web server support… ))

System


System.Web

Globalization

Text

Security

Collections

Resources

Reflection

Net

IO

Threading

Diagnostics

ServiceProcess

Configuration

Design

Data (Dataset)

SQLTypes

SQL

XPath

XSLT


Remoting

Serialization

Serialization


Caching Security

ServicesDescription

Discovery

Protocols

UIHtmlControls

WebControls

System.Drawing

Imaging

Drawing2D

Text

Printing

System.Windows.Forms


Reader/Writers

Run Time

DOM

Drawing (subset)


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ASP.NET

ADO.NET and XML





WindowsWindows

J#...J#... ADO.NET is a set of classes that provide

data access support for the .NET Framework

C#C#


ADO.NET is based on ADO but is designed to work with XML and to

work in a disconnected environment


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ADO.NET and XML





WindowsWindows

J#...J#...C#

Web FormsWeb FormsXML Web servicesXML Web services Windows FormsWindows Forms

ASP.NETIncluding Web Forms

AndXML Web services

Traditional client application that use

windows Forms


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ADO.NET and XML





WindowsWindows

J#...J#...C#C#


CLS set of rules that a CLS-compliant

language needs to follow

Language that follow the CLS

C#, VB, J# …

Classic MS languagesClassic MS languages

VB – gains many OO featuresVB – gains many OO features VC++ – gains managed code featuresVC++ – gains managed code features VJ# – replaces VJ++ (not J2EE)VJ# – replaces VJ++ (not J2EE) C# – C# – new languagenew language

C# (C Sharp) OverviewC# (C Sharp) Overview

C# is a new language, crafted specifically to work C# is a new language, crafted specifically to work well within the .NET Frameworkwell within the .NET Framework

C# do not supportC# do not support – TemplatesTemplates– Multiple InheritanceMultiple Inheritance– Global FunctionsGlobal Functions– Preprocessor MacrosPreprocessor Macros

C# support C# support – Operator OverloadingOperator Overloading– ……

SummarySummary .NET Framework provides….NET Framework provides…

– Common platform for all .NET languagesCommon platform for all .NET languages– Sophisticated code managementSophisticated code management– Fine-grained securityFine-grained security

.NET Framework fixes….NET Framework fixes…– Object life-cycle problems, especially COMObject life-cycle problems, especially COM– Weak support for enterprise featuresWeak support for enterprise features

» COM+, WMI, MSMQ, …COM+, WMI, MSMQ, …

– DLL hell and other deployment problemsDLL hell and other deployment problems

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Microsoft.NET Framework Overview Abidi Mahmoud Seminarium on Component -based Software Engineering