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Microprocessors

Presentation by Sunny Modi(12)Vivek SurveMeenakshi KalaniPriyank SatraDarshit DoshiIntroduction to microprocessorsPerforms logical and arithmetical functions in micro seconds.Heart of the computerA complete computation engine fabricated on a single chipThe first microprocessor powered an electronic calculator

History NameDateTransistorsClock speedData width808019746,0002 MHz8 bits8085197765003,5,6 MHz8 bits8086197829,0005 to 10 MHz16 bits8088197929,0005 MHz16 bits8-bit bus802861982134,0006 MHz16 bits803861985275,00016 MHz32 bits8048619891,200,00025 MHz32 bitsPentium19933,100,00060 MHz32 bits64-bit busPentium II19977,500,000233 MHz32 bits64-bit busPentium III19999,500,000450 MHz32 bits64-bit bus

4Advantages

SpeedData MovementComplex Mathematics

Disadvantages

Some of the drawbacks with Microprocessor are that get over-heated, and restriction it inflicts on size of data.ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESMicroprocessor logicAssembly language native language of microprocessorsSet of instructionsInbuilt Floating point processors (ALU for older versions) for operations

Memory RAMROMProgrammed with pre-set bytesRom is also called as BIOS (i.e. Basic input/output system)

80808-bit microprocessorRegisters,buses

80858 bit processorIt operates on +5V

8080 & 8085Features80808085Processor speed (MHz)2 - 3.13 - 6Power supply+5V, -5V and +12V+5VOn-chip peripherals / componentsClock oscillator (similar to 8224)system controller (similar to 8228)Serial I/O linesAddress/Data busSeparate address and data bussesMultiplexed address and dataPins/signalsReset Out pinRD bus signalWR bus signalIO/M bus signalALE pin provides encoded bus status informationInterruptsThree maskable interrupts and one non-maskableInstruction setRIM - read interrupt maskSIM - Set interrupt maskApplicationsBranching, addition, subtraction, bitwise logical and bit shift operations are done using 8085More complex operations and other arithmetic operations can be implemented in software8086It is 16-bit microprocessorIt has 20 bit address bus

The differences between 8085 and 8086 microprocessors8085 microprocessor is a 8 bit microprocessor whereas 8086 is a 16 bit microprocessor.8085 contains 16 bit address bus and 8086 microprocessor contains 20 bit address bus.8085 microprocessor contains 8 bit data bus and 8086 contains 16 bit data bus.8085 microprocessor does not have memory segmentation whereas 8086 features a special concept of memory segmentation which allows parallel processing.8085 microprocessor has 6,500 transistor in the circuit board whereas 8086 microprocessor has 29,000 transistors in the circuit board.Only program counter and address counter are on 16 bit otherwise all other counters are 8 bits whereas in 8086 all flags and counters are of 16 bits.In 8085 microprocessor only 64 kb memory is used together whereas in 8086 1MB is used by dividing into segment registers.In 8085 microprocessor no control flag is used whereas 8086 microprocessor uses a control flag. Multi-core designsImproves performance using symmetrical designsIt contains more than one core thus multiplying the performance potential Faster clock rates Reduced instruction set computers(RISC)

AdvantagesOperates on higher clock rateImproves the performance of cache snoopRequire much lessprinted circuit board(PCB)Uses slightly less power than two coupled single-core processorsMulti-core chips also allow higher performance at lower energy17 Thank you !