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Based on public information but has not been updated since I left Intel in 2007.May
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Intel Microprocessors
Dileep Bhandarkar
1971: 4004 Microprocessor
• The 4004 was Intel's first microprocessor. This breakthrough invention powered the Busicom calculator and paved the way for embedding intelligence in inanimate objects as well as the personal computer.
Introduced November 15, 1971
108 KHz, 50 KIPs , 2300 10m transistors
1972: 8008 Microprocessor
• The 8008 was twice as
powerful as the 4004. A
1974 article in Radio
Electronics referred to a
device called the Mark-8
which used the 8008. The
Mark-8 is known as one
of the first computers for
the home --one that by
today's standards was
difficult to build, maintain
and operate.
1974: 8080 Microprocessor
• The 8080 became the brains of the first personal computer--the Altair, allegedly named for a destination of the Starship Enterprise from the Star Trek television show. Computer hobbyists could purchase a kit for the Altair for $395. Within months, it sold tens of thousands, creating the first PC back orders in history.
1978: 8086-8088 Microprocessor
• A pivotal sale to IBM's new personal computer division made the 8088 the brains of IBM's new hit product--the IBM PC. The 8088's success propelled Intel into the ranks of the Fortune 500, and Fortune magazine named the company one of the "Business Triumphs of the Seventies."
1982: 286 Microprocessor
• The Intel 286, originally known as the 80286, was the first Intel processor that could run all the software written for its predecessor. This software compatibility remains a hallmark of Intel's family of microprocessors. Within 6 years of its release, an estimated 15 million 286-based personal computers were installed around the world.
1985: Intel386™ Microprocessor
• The Intel386™
microprocessor
featured 275,000
transistors--more than
100 times as many as
the original 4004. It
was a Intel’s first 32-
bit chip.
1989: Intel486™ DX CPU
Microprocessor• The Intel486™ processor
generation really meant you go from a command-level computer into point-and-click computing. "I could have a color computer for the first time and do desktop publishing at a significant speed," recalls technology historian David K. Allison of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. The Intel486™ processor was the first to offer a built-in math coprocessor, which speeds up computing because it offloads complex math functions from the central processor.
1993: Intel® Pentium® Processor
• The Intel Pentium® processor allowed computers to more easily incorporate "real world" data such as speech, sound, handwriting and photographic images. The Intel Pentium brand, mentioned in the comics and on television talk shows, became a household word soon after introduction.
• 22 March 1993
• 66 MHz
• 3.1 M transistors
• 0.8µ
1995: Intel® Pentium® Pro
Processor• Intel® Pentium® Pro processor
was designed to fuel 32-bit server and workstation applications, enabling fast computer-aided design, mechanical engineering and scientific computation. Each Intel® Pentium Pro processor is packaged together with a second speed-enhancing cache memory chip. The powerful Pentium® Pro processor boasts 5.5 million transistors.
• 1 November 1995
• 200 MHz
• 0.35µ
• 1st x86 to implement out of order execution.
P6
1997: Intel® Pentium® Processor
with MMX™ Technology
• 8 January 1997
• 0.35µ
• 200 MHz
• 4.5M transistors
P55C
1997: Intel® Pentium® II
Processor• The 7.5 million-transistor
Intel® Pentium II processor incorporates Intel® MMX™ technology, which is designed specifically to process video, audio and graphics data efficiently. It was introduced in innovative Single Edge Contact (S.E.C) Cartridge that also incorporated a high-speed cache memory chip.
• 7 May 1997
• 0.25µ
• 300 - 450 MHz
• External L2 cache
Klamath
1998: Intel® Pentium II Xeon
Processor• The Intel® Pentium II Xeon processors
were designed to meet the performance requirements of mid-range and higher servers and workstations. Consistent with Intel's strategy to deliver unique processor products targeted for specific markets segments, the Intel® Pentium II Xeon processors feature technical innovations specifically designed for workstations and servers that utilize demanding business applications such as Internet services, corporate data warehousing, digital content creation, and electronic and mechanical design automation. Systems based on the processor can be configured to scale to four or eight processors and beyond.
1999: Intel® Celeron® Processor
• Continuing Intel's strategy of developing processors for specific market segments, the Intel® Celeron® processor was designed for the value PC market segment.
• First integrated L2 cache -128 KB
• 19M transistors
• 300 MHz
• 0.25µ
• 24 August 1998
Mendocino
1999: Intel® Pentium® III
Processor• The Intel® Pentium® III processor
features 70 new instructions--Internet Streaming SIMD Extensions -- that dramatically enhance the performance of advanced imaging, 3-D, streaming audio, video and speech recognition applications. It was designed to significantly enhance Internet experiences, allowing users to do such things as browse through realistic online museums and stores and download high-quality video. The processor incorporates 9.5 million transistors, and was introduced using 0.25-micron technology.
• 26 Feb 1999
• 500 MHz
Katmai
1999: Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™
Processor• The Intel® Pentium III Xeon™
processor extends Intel's offerings to the workstation and server market segments, providing additional performance for e-Commerce applications and advanced business computing. The processors incorporate the Intel® Pentium III processor's 70 SIMD instructions, which enhance multimedia and streaming video applications. The Intel® Pentium III Xeon processor's advance cache technology speeds information from the system bus to the processor, significantly boosting performance. It is designed for systems with multiprocessor configurations.
Tanner
1999: Intel® Pentium® III
Processor – 0.18µ
• 25 Oct 1999
• Integrated 256KB L2
cache
• 733 MHz
• 28 M transistors
• First Intel
microprocessor to hit
1 GHz on 8-Mar-2000
Coppermine
2000: Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™
Processor• Intel's Pentium III Xeon
processors were specially designed to meet the scalability, availability and manageability needs of the server market segment.
• 22 May 2000
• 145M transistors
• 2 MB integrated L2 cache
• 0.18µ
Cascades
2000: Intel® Pentium® 4
Processor – 0.18µ• The processor debuted with 42
million transistors and circuit lines of 0.18 microns, 29 years after Intel's first microprocessor. The Intel® Pentium® 4 processor's initial speed was 1.5 GigaHertz. If automobile speed had increased similarly over the same period, you could now drive from San Francisco to New York in about 13 seconds.
• 20 Nov 2002
• 256K integrated L2 cache
• Double clocked inner core
• 100 MHz quad pumped bus
• Hit 2 GHz on 27 Aug 2001
• Simultaneous Multi-threading
Willamette
2001: Intel® Pentium® III
Processor – 0.13µ
Tualatin
2001: Intel® Pentium® 4
Processor – 0.13µ
• 27 August 2001
• 55 million transistors
• 2 GHz
• 512KB L2 cache
• 14 Nov 2002: 3.06
GHz
• 23 June 2003: 3.2
GHz
Northwood
2001: Intel® Itanium™ Processor
• The Itanium™ processor is the first in a family of 64-bit products from Intel. Designed for high-end, enterprise-class servers and workstations, the processor was built from the ground up with an entirely new architecture based on Intel's Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) design technology. May 2001
• 800 MHz
• 25M transistors
• 0.18µ
• External L3 cache
Merced
2002: Intel® Xeon™ MP
Processor
• 12 March 2002
• 1.6 GHz
• 1MB L3 cache
• 108 M transistors
• 0.18µ
Foster
2002: Intel® Itanium™ 2
Processor - 0.18µ• The Itanium™ 2 processor is the
second member of the Itanium processor family, a line of enterprise-class processors. The family brings outstanding performance and the volume economics of the Intel® Architecture to the most data-intensive, business-critical and technical computing applications. It provides leading performance for databases, computer-aided engineering, secure online transactions, and more.
• 8 July 2002
• 1 GHz
• 221 M transistors
• 3 MB L3 cache
McKinley
2002: Intel® Itanium™ 2
Processor - 0.13µ
• 30 June 2003
• 1.5 GHz
• 6 MB L3 cache
• 410 M transistors
Madison
2003: Intel® Pentium® M
Processor• The first Intel® Pentium® M
processor, the Intel® 855 chipset family, and the Intel® PRO/Wireless 2100 network connection are the three components of Intel® Centrino™ mobile technology. Intel Centrinomobile technology is designed specifically for portable computing, with built-in wireless LAN capability and breakthrough mobile performance. It enables extended battery life and thinner, lighter mobile computers.
• 12 March 2003
• 130 nm
• 1.6 GHz
• 77 million transistors
• 1 MB integrated L2 cache
Banias
2004: Intel® Pentium® 4
Processor – 90 nm
• 1MB L2 cache
• 64-bit extensions
• 120 million transistors
• 3+ GHz frequency
Prescott
2004: Intel® Pentium® M
Processor (90 nm)
• Banias shrink with the cache doubled to 2 MB
Dothan
2005: Last Netburst Microarchitecture Core (65nm)
Cedar Mill
2 MB L2 Cache
Intel’s 1st Monolithic Dual Core
• January 2006
• Intel® CoreTM Duo
Processor
• 90 mm2
• 151M transistors
• 65 nmThe Core Duo is also famous for being the
first Intel processor to ever be used in
Apple Macintosh computers.
Yonah
• Intel® Wide Dynamic Execution
• Intel® Advanced Digital Media Boost
• Intel® Advanced Smart Cache
• Intel® Smart Memory Access
• Intel® Intelligent Power Capability
• Intel® 64 Architecture
Intel® CoreTM Duo Processor
90 mm2
151M transistors
Intel® CoreTM 2 Duo Processor
143 mm2
291M transistors
Merom
1MB L2I
Dual-
core
2x12MB L3
Caches
1.72 Billion Transistors
2 Way
Multi-threading
Itanium 2: First Billion Transistor Dual Core Chip (90nm)
Arbiter
Montecito
2006: Intel® Core™ Micro-architecture Products
Intel® Wide Dynamic Execution
Intel®
Intelligent Power
Capability
Intel®
Advanced Smart Cache
Intel® Smart Memory Access
Intel®
Advanced Digital Media
Boost
World Class Performance & Energy Efficiency
Server
Desktop
Mobile
14 Stage Pipeline
Process: 65nm
Die size: 143 mm2
Execution core area:36 mm2
Transistor count: 291 M
Execution core transistor count:
19 M
2006: Tulsa
CORE
16 MByLLC
CORE
unCore
PADS
PADS
Clock
Large shared 16M L3 cache
Two cores on single die at ≥3 GHz core frequency
– Four threads per processor with HT on each core
65nm process technology
1.3 M transistors
150 & 95 Watt SKUs
– Intel Cache Safe Technology
– Intel Virtualization technology
4MBL2 Cache
Core Core Core Core
4MBL2 Cache
1066/1333 MHz
October 2006: The World’s First x86Quad-Core Processor
Penryn Dual Core Die Photo
45 nm next generation Intel® CoreTM2 family processor
410 million transistors for dual core, 820 million for quad core
World’s first working 45 nm CPU
Production in the 2H’07
6 MB L2
Cache
1.0µm 0.8µm 0.6µm 0.35µm 0.25µm 0.18µm 0.13µm 90nm 65nm
Moore’s Law in Action:Microprocessors Advance
Source: Intel
Intel 486™ Processor
Pentium®
Processor
Pentium® II/IIIProcessor
Pentium® 4Processor
Intel® CoreTM Duo Processor
Intel® CoreTM 2 Duo Processor