Micronesia MDG NA Methodology-Yuba Raj Khatiwada

7/30/2019 Micronesia MDG NA Methodology-Yuba Raj Khatiwada

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Yuba Raj KhatiwadaUnited Nations Development Programme

MDGI, Regional Centre in ColomboServing Asia and the Pacific

MDG NA and Costing

Methodology


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Contents

Objectives and Elements of MDG NA

Guiding Principles of MDG NA and Costing

Steps for MDG NA

Addressing Important CapacityConstraints

Methods and Tools

Experience so far and lessons for furtherUN MDG NA Support


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Objectives and Elements of MDGNA: Objectives

Answer the question: What will it taketo achieve the MDGs?

Translate long-term goals intooperational targets.

Develop a strategy for increasingabsorptive capacity.

Strengthen coherence between planningand budget processes.

Provide a monitoring & accountabilityframework.

Support the national policy dialogue &

negotiations with development partners.


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Objectives and Elements of MDGNA: Key Elements

Ambition- national targets are at least asambitious as MDG targets for 2015

Scope- the range of sectors identified isbroad enough to achieve all the MDGs

Rigor -for each sector, the strategy is basedon a detailed, bottom-up needs assessment

Timeline -the medium term plan/strategy isnested in a long term MDG framework

Financing -sources of financing aredetermined in line with ensuring access to

MDG G &S.


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Guiding Principles of MDG NAand Costing

Identify all interventions that require full orpartial public financing

Include both capital and operating costs for allsectors

Undertake total, not incremental costing(financial cost, not economic costs)

Strive for maximum dis-aggregation

Address Absorptive capacity constraintsthrough investments in HR, infrastructure &management systems.

Make periodic revision oftargets/interventions based on new

information and implementation of programs


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Steps for MDG Needsassessment

1. Identifyinterventions

2. Specify targets foreach intervention

3. Estimate resourceneeds

4. Check results:Synergies and trade-offs


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1. Identify Interventions

Interventions are defined as investments ingoods, services and infrastructure as distinctfrom policies and institutions:

Infrastructure (classrooms, roads, hospitals,toilets, water and electric connections)

Human resources (teachers, doctors, nurses,training staff, administrative support staff)

Goods (books, medicines, improved stoves,computers)

Demand side interventions to reduce barriers(scholarships for girls, microfinance, abolitionof school and health care fees, cash incentivesto families)


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2. Specify Targets for EachIntervention

Coverage targets need to be specified forinterventions. For example, by 2015 to reach:

Net primary school enrollment to 100%

Immunization service to 100 % of the children

Access to safe drinking water to 100% of thepopulation

Rural electrification coverage to 80 % of the

householdsAccess to decent shelter to 10 % of the poorHH

Micro credit coverage to 50% of the poor

women


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3. Estimate Resource Needs

Estimate All Required Inputs

Direct andindirectfinancial

costs

HumanResources

Needed

Infrastructureand

equipments

needed

Total Needs

Estimate

Total Cost

Operating Cost

Capital Cost

Direct Financial CostHuman Resource Cost

Infr.& Equip. Cost


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4. Check Results:Synergies and trade-offs

Identify synergies & iteratively refineestimates

Make comparisons of the costs withthose of similar countries

Reiterate coverage targets and mode ofintervention if costs are extremely high

Recheck the data entry and calculationsto conform the costs


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Addressing Important CapacityConstraints

Need to map out long-term investmentstrategies in

1. Human resources (pre-servicetraining; in-service training; reviewof salaries and benefits

2. Infrastructure (capital costs,

operating costs)3. Public management systems

(civil service reform, equipment, IT

services)


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NA Method and Tools (1)

Bottom up approach of identifyinginterventions, costing them, and linking tonational development strategy done in asequential manner.

Targets are specifically set, unit costs areworked out and total cost for achieving thetarget estimated.

All types of inputs or resources like financial,human and infrastructure related ones areidentified and costed.

The MP tools applied to do the NA and costing.UNESCO Model for Education, Resource Need(now UNDP) model adopted for costing

HIV/AIDS.


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NA Methods and Tools (2)Available tools

Education (UNESCO, World Bank)

Health (WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF/World Bank,UN Millennium Project)

Gender (UN Millennium Project) Water and sanitation (UN MP, World Bank)

Energy (UNDP)

Roads (World Bank, UN Millennium Project)

Agriculture (UN Millennium Project)

Environment (UNDP, BDP)

HIV/AIDS (UNDP RCC in partnership with

UNAIDS & BDP).


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NA Methods and Tools (3)Addressing cross cutting Issues

Two pronged approach on incorporating Gender,Environment, ICT, and CD under MDG NA:

(i) mainstreaming gender, ICT, capacity

development (CD), and environmentinterventions in sectoral NA and costing and

(ii) Costing separately additional NA for the crosscutting, policy and institutions related areasunder gender, ICT, CD and environment.

Governance related issues to be built in the NAprocess whether or not they are additionalcountry specific goals.


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NA Methods and Tools (4):Policies Affecting Costing

Policies affect resource estimation in 2 ways:

Direct impacts (e.g., legislative research,analysis, administration and enforcement of

policies, conditional cash transfers, servicedelivery policies, salary reforms, etc.)

Indirect impacts (e.g., conditional cashtransfers, user fees, etc.)

Policies can fall into both categories and arecritical in ensuring the utilization of effectiveservices to meet the Millennium Development

Goals and other national priorities.


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NA Methods and Tools (5):AddressingPolicy Issues

Key policy lapses and gaps to be identified inthe bottom up approach of identifyinginterventions, costing them, and linking tonational development strategy.

Existing policies, plans, strategies, andprograms to be reviewed and credible onesincorporated into MDG NA.

Policies having implication for higher or lowerpublic sector engagement -- like creatingspace for private sector in socio economicservices -- to be factored in the NA process.


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Experience so far & lessons forfurther UN MDG NA Support (1)

Countries engaged in MDG based planning-

Many African and some Asian countries alreadysuccessfully completed MDG NA and costing

work. Mongolia preparing long term (15 year)

development strategy based on MDG NA. Bhutan preparing medium term plan (2008-12)

based on MDG NA.

Nepal developing its Interim Plan (2007-10)focusing on MDGs. Afghanistan looking for MDG-nizing and costing

Afghanistan National Development Strategy(ANDS).

PNG initiating MDG based development strategy


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Experience so farInterventions not sufficiently discussed andrefined, running the risk of being wish lists.

Sequencing of interventions often ignored; NAtask force works often lack proper prioritizationand sequencing of interventions.

Financing strategy not considered as a part ofNA & costing exercise; thus costs arrived at

might be unrealistically high for some taskforces.

No pre determined criteria for priority setting incase of resource constraint in the short term.

Achieving all MDGs without trade offs in themacro economic front not always possible.


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Experience so far..

NA taken more as a technical exercise than aprocess of evolving strategies & policies while

identifying interventions & setting targets. Perceived as having high transaction cost -

being an intensive and time taking work. Impression like an initiative for new programs

and projects which would garner more financial

resources. Mistaken as a parallel exercise for planning and

budgeting to what is being done or is alreadyexisting.


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Lessons Institutionalizing MDG NA work within Ministries

for updating NA & using it as live document forannual programming & budgeting.

Customizing tools to address the sectoral needsassessment & costing demands & mainstreamingcross cutting issues.

Encouraging governments to make the MDG NA ahighly participatory process.

Developing synergy in the engagement of UNand other agencies in the NA, Costing and

Planning process.

Documents

Micronesia MDG NA Methodology-Yuba Raj Khatiwada