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GRAM-POSITIVEALGORITHM
GRAM-NEGATIVEALGORITHM
No Hemolysis
Complete Hemolysis(clear)
Partial Hemolysis(green)Clostridium(anaerobe)
CorynebacteriumListeria
Bacillus(aerobe)
NocardiaAerobic, Acid Fast
ActinomycesAnaerobic, Not acid fast
Coagulase (-)Novobiocin sensitive
S. epidermidis
Novobiocin resistantS. saprophyticus
roup A
S. pyogenes
!acitracin sensitive
"
Viridansstreptococci
No Capsule#ptoc$in resistant!ile %oluble (lysed in bile)
S. pneumonia
Capsule#ptoc$in sensitive!ile %oluble (lysed in bile)
roup !S. agalactiae
!acitracin resistant
roup &, ro't$ in!ile,AND*+ NaCl
nterococcusE. faecium
roup &, ro't$ in!ile, But NOT*+ NaC
Non-enterococcusS. bovis
.
!ranc$ing Filaments
!acilliCocci
ram (/) purple0blue
Hemolysis
Coagulase (/)S. aureus
Catalase (/) clustersStaphylococcusspp.
Catalase (-) c$ainsStreptococcusspp.
ram %tain
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Encapsulated Bacteria: SHiNE SKiS
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Catalase (+) Bacteria: CatsNeed
PLACESSto hide
Cam l lobacter
ram (-) Pin1 #2idase (/)Comma-%$aped
ram %tain
&iplococci
Neisseria spp.
3altoseNon-Fermenter
N. gonorrhoeae
3altoseFermenter
N. meningitidis
ro's at 456 C
Vibrio
ro's in Al1aline 3edia
Produces 7rease7rease !reat$ 8est
Helicobacter
&oes N#8 Produce
H5%!lac1 on He1toen
Agar
Salmonellaroteus
#2idase (/) #2idase (-)
seudomona
Produce H5%!lac1 on He1toen
Agar
Salmonellaroteus!ersinia
%lo' 9actoseFermenter
CitrobacterSerratia#t$ers
Fast 9actoseFermenter
"lebsiellaE. ColiEnterobacter
9actose Fermenter
:$ite on 3acCon1ey
9actose Non-
FermenterPin1 on 3acCon1ey
;ods orHe1toen Agar
No C$ange on 8%> or
reen on He1toen Agar
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Haemophilis
influenzae type BNeisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella pneumoniaei -
Group B Strep (S. agalactiae)
Inc. Risk for Infection: Asplenics
Catalase:H2O2 H2O + O-(Fe Complex
Nocardia spp.
Pseudomonas
Listeria
AspergillusCandida
Escherichia coliStaphylococcus spp.
Serratia
Inc. Risk for Infection: Chronic
Granulomatous isease (CG): NAPH
o!idase de"icienc#
$ransplacental $ransmission:
$o%CHHeS
Toxoplasma gondii
&ther: S. agalactiae
Listeria
E. coli
ar!o!irus B"#
RubellaC$%
H&%
Herpes Simplex %irus-'
Syphillis
'etronidaole: GE$ GAP on the'etro
!"naero#es #elo$ the diaphra%m&'
$etrac#clines: GE$ GAP on the'etro
ind )* s,#,nit: preent attachment
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oxic Free radicals /0" /ama%e
Giardia
Entamaeba
Trichomonas
Gardnerella !aginalisAnaeo#es
. Pylori
oxicities:
isul"iramli*e reaction1 headache1
metallic taste
of aminoac#lt%NA
AC,,'$He Bed%oom
Vibrio choleraAcne
Chlamydia
Ureaplama urealyticum,
Mycoplasma pneumonia
$,laremia
H. pylori
e
Borrelia burgdorferi
ed
Ricettsia
oxicities:
I /istress1 discoloration o" teeth and
inhi-ition o" -one .ro/th in children1
photosensitiit341 terato%en
Aminopenicillins: "moxicillin1 "mpicillin Cephalosporins
5sten: PEcK
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6xtended-pectr,m: HHELPSS
H. influenzea
H. pylori
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus mirabilisSalmonella
Shigella
5. Cefa7olin
2. Cephalexin
and ram (+ cocci
Proteus mirabilis
Escherichia
coli
Klebsiella
2nden:
5. Cefoxitin
2. Cefaclor). Cef,roxime
HENS PEcK
and ram (+ cocci
H. influenzae
Enterobacter
Neisseria spp.*
Serratia
marcescens
Proteus mirabilis
Escherichiacoli
Klebsiella
*gro+ing resistance
)rden:
5. Ceftriaxone
2. Cefotaxime). Cefta7idine
Ceftriaxone
8enin%itisonorrhea/isseminated 93me
/isease
Cefta7idimine
seudomonas
then: Cefepime seudomas
aeruginosaram (+ or%anisms
;then: Ceftaroline 8R"
0oseudomonas
Coera%e
