Microbial Adaptation To Water

Environments

BY: Nagat Abd El-rahim Mohammed Supervisor : Dr. Sahar El-shatoury

Contents:

Factors affect microbial diversity.

What is adaptaion.

Bacterial Size and its adaptation.

Fungal presence in water

environment.

Factors affect microbial

diversity1. Nutrients available.

2. Penetration of Light.

3. Presence of Oxygen.

4. Size of microbial cells.

How Small Is Small

Bacterial Common Size

Most bacteria are 0.2 um in diameter

and 2-8 um in length.

Bacterial Common Size

Adaptation

Changing in the body to fit the

location.

Ability to link and use resources that

are in the separate locations or that

are available in the same location for

short intervals such as during storms.

Adaptation of Bacteria In Aquatic

Environments

Smaller than normal Larger than normal

(Gigantism)

Thioploca

SppThiomargarita namibiensis

Ultramicrobacteria

Bacteria that are considerably smaller

than typical bacterial cells and are 0.3

to 0.2 micrometres in diameter.

About 150 of these bacteria could fit

inside an Escherichia coli cell and more

than 150,000 cells could fit onto the tip

of a human hair.

Ultramicrobacteria

this cryo-electron tomography image reveals the internal structure of an ultra-small

bacteria cell like never before. The cell has a very dense interior compartment and a

complex cell wall. The darker spots at each end of the cell are most likely ribosomes.

The image was obtained from

a 3-D reconstruction. The scale bar is 100 nanometers. (Credit: Berkeley Lab)

It’s Genetically Adaptation

Scientists thought that these bacteria are small in size because of their oligotrophic conditions that they are found in.

But some ultramicroscopic bacteria that are cultivated in larger amount of nutrients didn’t grow in size.

Instead they have evolved to maximize their surface area to obtain much more nutrients.

Unusual Marine Large

Microbe Thiomargarita namibiensis which means the “

sulfur pearl of Namibia’’ is considered to be

the world largest bacteria.

It’s conditions:

https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Thiomargarita_namibiensis

It’s characteristics:

100-750 μm in diameter.

Sulfide and nitrates are used as

electron donor and acceptor.

Takes up and stores nitrate in huge

internal vacuole which occupy 98% of

the organisms volume.

Important for sulfur and nitrate cycling

in this environment.

Thiomargarita namibiensis

sulfu

r

2- Thioploca tubular sheaths

http://schaechter.asmblog.org/schaechter/2010/09/commuting

-to-work.html

Spaghetti

Bacteria

2- Thioploca Sulfides are abundant in the sediment, nitrates

in the water column. How to bring the two

together?

Microscopic Fungi

Fungi which produce zoospores are

adapted to live in the aquatic

environment. These fungi called

chytrids.

Chytrids are important because of

their role in decomposing dead

organic matter most of them attack

algae.

Numerous parasitic chytrids attack

the filament of a green alga.

http://bama.ua.edu/~chytrid/

Ingoldian Fungi

Type of Fungi that can sporulate under

water.

Type of hyphomycestes that produce

unique tetaradiate form.

Life cycle:

Teradarte

conidium

Vegetative mycelium

Differentiate into

aerial mycelium

Conidia release into water

Water foam

Contact leaves Insects

THANK YOU