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BUILT ENVIRONMENT & SPATIAL CULTURELecture 04,
14-02-2014
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Basic Framework to study social behavior:
Microspace
Mesospace
Macrospace
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Microspace behavior: Personal Space
Definition
Personal space is the minimum space necessary for an individual
to exist free of physical or psychic pain. It is the inviolate
personal bubble of privacy, which we actively defend against
unwarranted intrusion.
Microterritorial behavior refers to the maintenance, around the
individuals body, of a bubble of privacy into which intruders may
come.
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Anthropologist Edward T. Hall described four levels of social
distance that occur in different situations:
Intimate distance - 6 to 18 inches | This level of physical
distance often indicates a closer relationship or greater comfort
between individuals.
Personal distance - 1.5 to 4 feet | Physical distance at this
level usually occurs between people who are family members or close
friends.
Social distance - 4 to 12 feet | This level of physical distance
is often used with individuals who are acquaintances. With someone
you know fairly well, such as a co-worker you see several times a
week, you might feel more comfortable interacting at a closer
distance. Public distance - 12 to 25 feet | Physical distance at
this level is often used in public speaking situations.Proxemics:
Study of interpersonal distances or personal space behavior
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Variability of Personal Space
Culture and RaceAge and SexAffinitySocial
InfluencePersonalityEnvironmentEgo State/ mood
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Personal Space and Design
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Personal Space and Design
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Personal Space and Design
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Personal Space and Design
Sociofugal Space: Sociofugality: Privacy in Public Places: It
refers to situations which tend to separate people from one another
in a public place.
Sociopetal Space: Sociopetality: Contact in Public Places: is
that quality which encourages, fosters, and even enforces the
development of stable interpersonal relationships such are found in
small face-to-face groups
**Record behavioral changes in gestures, speaking volume, eye
contact/ vision, body heat/ odour*It varies from not only
individual to individual but even from culture to culture. Example-
Americans, Japanese, Swiss
*Robert Sommers experiment in a hospital. *
