Micro-generation using LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim · Micro-generation using LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim ... control system design. ... §Enefarm specifications:

Event title (to be altered on title master)Presenter name – presenter job title (to be altered on title master)

Micro-generation using LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim

– 2009/04/20

2 copyright LMS International - 2009

Agenda

§ Home electric network components

§ Solar panels

§ Load profiles and system examples

§ Control aspects

§ Heat and co-generation


The electric network

§Modeling the electric network with the electrical libraries:


DC/DC converters

§ Simple ideal transformer:

§ Boost chopper:


Inverters (DC/AC converters)

§ Example of an inverter model:


Batteries

§ Batteries commonly used in PV systems:

- Lead-acid batteries

In AMESim, tables providing the open circuit voltage and the internal resistance depending on the SOC (State-Of-Charge)


Agenda


§ Solar panels

§ Load profiles and whole system examples

§ Control aspects



Solar panels

§ Equivalent electric circuit of a solar cell (PV):

- current source + diode, with 2 resistances (one in parallel, one in series)

- the current source is proportional to the sun irradiance received by the photovoltaic cell:


Solar panels

§ Validation of the model with data from solar module makers

Example : BP Solar, SX170B


Solar panels : how to maximize the output

§ Optimum angle of solar panels : perpendicular to sun direction

http://sunposition.info/sunposition/spc/locations.php#1

Mechanical solar trackers (one-axis or 2-axis) can be used to optimize the solar panel orientation towards the sun

§ Maximum Power Point Tracker: electric device which set the optimal voltage to get the maximum electric power from the solar panel


Agenda


§ Solar panels


§ Control aspects



Consumers: load profiles

§ Examples of household electric loads

(mean value on 90 houses in UK)

Electric power sink in AMESim


Examples of systems

§ Example of simple grid-tied PV system in AMESim (electric network in equivalent DC):


Examples of systems

§ Example of simple grid-tied PV system with battery in AMESim (electric network in equivalent DC):


Agenda


§ Solar panels


§ Control aspects



Extensions : several sources and consumers

Inverter

Tank

Natural gas

hot waterdemand

DC AC

heat

electricpower

city electric network

Solar energy

ENERGYSOURCES ENERGY

CONSUMERS

Aircon

light

bathroom

kitchen

electricappliances

ControlUnit

electricitydemand

Micro-CHP system(fuel-cell, gas engine,…)

Solar panels


The Control Unit(s)

§ Using the Signal library in AMESim:

§ Using dedicated tools (Matlab/Simulink, Labview, Scilab,…) in co-simulation with AMESim:

AMESim - Simulink Interfaces Easy-to-use and efficient tool for coupling

AMESim plant model within Simulink control system model

AMESimMulti-domain systems

simulation platform

SimulinkThe de-facto standard for

control system design


Agenda


§ Solar panels

§ Load profiles and whole system examples

§ Control aspects



Fuel Cell modeling

§ Enefarm specifications:

- Electric output 1kW

- Heat 1.2 kW

§ Simple FC model in AMESim:

Parameters:

- Number of cells

- Cell area

Outputs:

- Electric power (current and voltage)

- Heat released

- Consumption of fuel


Example of grid-FC-PV-battery system


Basic FC cogeneration system

Fuel processing

system

Fuel Cell(PEMFC)

Inverter

Tank

Natural gas

electricity

hot water

DCAC

H2

heat

electricpower


Basic FC cogeneration system

§ Basic house co-generation system, how it works :

1. The fuel processing system extracts hydrogen from gas (methane for example)

2. The Fuel Cell stack generates electricity from chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen

3. The inverter converts direct current into alternative current

4. The water tank is heated by the heat produced by the FC chemical reaction


The Fuel Cell and Fuel Processing System


The heat recovery and the tank

§ Several examples of thermal systems: tank model

Cooling System

Heat exchanges:Solid/solid (conduction)Solid/liquid (convection)Solid/gas (convection)


Key benefits

§ LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim key benefits for co-generation modeling:

àMulti-domain:

Co-generation involves different physical domains: electric, thermal, fluids, chemical, mechanical…

AMESim, thanks to its fully compatible libraries based on physics, is perfectly adapted to the modeling of this kind of systems.

àFlexibility:

It is very easy in AMESim to change and adapt the models, to add some components, to create and customize its own models.

All kind of architectures can be represented and different strategies can be tested depending on the consumption, the environment,…

Event title (to be altered on title master)Presenter name – presenter job title (to be altered on title master)

Thank you

Documents

Micro-generation using LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim · Micro-generation using LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim ... control system design. ... §Enefarm specifications: