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So®¿ sSIvÃv 57
In\m-hp-I-fmWv temIsØ ]cn-h¿Øn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ccp-≠-cm-Xn-bpsS kz]v\-
ß-fmWv ]pe-cn-bn¬ ]q°-fmbn hncn-
bp-∂-sX∂v sshtem-∏n≈n ]d-bp-
∂p≠v. (kz]v\tam cm°n-\m-hp-I-f√o/
kp] -`m -X -Øn≥ ]qhp -I -sf -√mw)
GsXmcp ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p-]n-∂nepw
FXtbm t]cpsS kz]v\-ß-fpsS
Du¿Pw t]c-I-am-bn-´p-≠v. Nne hy‡n-
I-fpsS kz]v\-߃ kaq-l-Øn\p
henb IpXn-∏p-Iƒ \¬Im-dp-≠v. A\o-
Xn-Ifpw AkaX-z-ßfpw C√mØ Hcp
temIw kz]v\w I≠-h¿ qan-bn-se-√m-
bn-SØpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Iuam-c-bu-
h\-ß-fmWv AØcw kz]v\-ß-fpsS
hf-°q-dp≈ aÆv. Nn°m-tKm-bn¬
temIsØ A`n-kw-t_m-[-\-sN-øp-
tºmƒ hnth-Im-\-µ\v 30 hb-km-bn-cp-
∂p. hn.kn. -_m-e-IrjvW]Wn-°¿
18˛mw hb-n-emWv ae-_mdn ]X-
Øns‚ ]Xm-[n-]-cm-Ip-∂Xv.
Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kz]v\-ßfpw
]Xo-£-I-fp-an-√m-Ø-h¿ Bcp-ap-≠m-In-
√. Nne¿ Xß-fpsS kz]v\-ßsf
sshb-‡n-I-X-bv°-∏pdw kmaq-ln-I-
am°n am‰p-∂p. \mcm-bWKpcphpw
hn.Sn.-bp-sa√mw I≠ AØcw kz]v\-
bqWn‰v H∂v
In\mhv
ß-fmWv _lp-kz-c-Xsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-
∂, A\ys‚ kmao-]ysØ kzmKXw
sNøp∂ Hcp P\m[n]-Xy-I-a-Ønte°v
\sΩ \bn-®-Xv.
GsXmcp alm-Zu-Xyhpw Hcp In\m-
hn¬\n∂v Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. sh√p-hn-fn-
Isf AXn-Po-hn-°p∂ kml-kn-I-
Xbpw ]pXnb am¿§-߃ Is≠-Øm-
\p≈ Xzc-bp-sams° tNcp-tºm-gmWv
In\m-hp-Iƒ bmYm¿∞y-ambn ]cn-W-
an -°p-∂-Xv. CØcw kz]v\-ßfpw
kml-kn-I-Xbpw Iuam-c -bu-h-\-
߃°p kl-P-am-Wv. \S∂p tX™
hgn-Isf Ah \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p.
F∂m-en∂v \ΩpsS Iuam-c-bu-h-\-ß-
fpsS kz]v\-ßfpw kml-kn-I-Xbpw
GsXms° hgn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv apt∂m-
´p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv? a‰m-scm-s°tbm D¬]m-
Zn-∏n-°p∂ kz]v\-ß-fp-sSbpw e£y-
t_m-[-an-√mØ kml-kn-I-X-bp-sSbpw
Cc-I-fm-tI-≠-h-c√t√m ]pXpXe-apd.
tIc-fob kaq-l-Øn¬ ]W-bsØ
Znhyhpw Aeu-In-I-hp-amb Hcp aqey-
ambn Db¿Øn-°m-´n-bXv Ipam-c-\m-im-
\m-Wv. Ime-hy-Xn-bm-\-߃°\p-k-cn®v
Cu k¶¬∏-ß-fn¬ Ie¿∏p -Iƒ
58 lb¿ sk°‚dn
IS∂pIqSn -bn -´p -≠v. Zriy -temIw
krjvSn -°p∂ Hcp anYym-`-a -ambn
C∂Xp sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂pt≠m?
hy‡n-a-\-n\p ]pXnb hym]vXn-Iƒ
\¬Ip∂ Z¿i-\-sa-∂-\n-e-bn-et√
AXns\ Xncn -®-dn -tb-≠Xv? AXv
XnI®pw sshb-‡n-I-amb H∂-√.
temI-t_m[\ho-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Icp-
hm-W-v.
]Wbw t]mse-Xs∂ Iuam-c-bu-h-
\-ßsf ]tem-`n -∏n -°p-∂-h-bmWv
kzmX¥yhpw kml-kn-I-X-bpw. a\p-
jy≥ krjvSn® N´-ßfpw hyh-ÿ-
Ifpw Ahs‚Xs∂ hnIm-k-Øn\p XS-
-ambn amdm-dp-≠v. kmº-Øn-Ihpw
enwK-]-chpw PmXo-b-hp-amb then-s°-
´p-Iƒ t`Zn-°-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ Ncn-X-
sØ-°p-dn®pw h¿Ø-am-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p-
ap≈ kq£va-amb hni-I-e\w Bh-iy-
ambn hcp-∂p. AXn¬ \n∂pw In´p∂
shfn-®-amWv kzmX¥yw F∂ Bi-
b s Ø A ¿ ∞ - h - Ø m - ° p - ∂ - X v .
kaql\nc-t]-£-amb Acm-P-I-kz-]v\-
a√ kzmX-¥y-w
kaq-l-t_m-[-sa-∂Xv tIhew a\p-jy-
`m-K-t[-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ PmK-X-am-X-
a-√. hym]I-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ AXv
\mapƒs∏-Sp∂ ]]-©-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈
t_m[w Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]]-©-t_m-[-
sa-∂Xv a\p-jy\v Xs‚ thcp-I-sf-°p-
dn®p≈ Xncn-®-dn-hm-Wv. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS
\nKq-V-X-I-fn-te-°p≈ kml-kn-I-amb
At\z -jWw Cu ]]-©-t_m-[ -
Øn¬\n∂mWv Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv. AtX-
k-abw Xs∂ ]pXnb Imew ]Z¿in-
∏n-°p∂ h\y-amb BI-a-tWm-’p-I-
Xsb ]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\p≈ a\-°-
cpØpw \mw B¿Pn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
Iuam-c-Im-e-Øns‚ ]h-W-X-I-fn¬
Nne-Xns\ ˛]-Wbw (kµ¿i-\w)
kzmX-¥y-t_m[w (Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rc-
ºv) kml-kn-IX (thcp-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-
Sp-Øp-∂-h¿) sNdpØp\n¬∏v (a’yw)
˛ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp∂ cN-\-I-
fmWv Cu bqWn-‰n-epƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv.
]th-iI ]h¿Ø\w
Ip´n-Isf ]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw kzm[o-
\n°p-Ibpw sNbvX hy‡-nXz-߃
Bsc√mam-sW∂ tNmZy -tØmsS
]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n°mw: Ip´n-Iƒ°v
t\cn´v ]cn-N-b-ap≈-htcm Ncn-X-]p-cp-
j-∑mtcm BImw.
Ah-cpsS GtXXv KpW-ß-fmWv Ip´n-
Isf BI¿jn-®-sX∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-°-
s´.
kaq-lsØ KpW-]-c-ambn ]cn-h¿Øn-
∏n-°m-\p≈ ia-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-h-
sc-bmWv NcnXw Hm¿Øp-h-bv°p-∂-Xv.
Ah¿°v henb kz]v\-߃ D≠m-bn-
cp-∂p. B kz]v\-߃ bmYm¿∞y-
am°n am‰m-\p≈ Xoh-i-ahpw Ah¿
\S-Øn-bn-cp∂p.
Cu Bib[m-c-W-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-
Øn¬ tPm\m -Y -s\∂ IS¬°m-
°sb°pdn®p≈ t\mh-ense `mKw
Ah¿ hmbn-°-s´.
tPm\m-Y≥ a‰p IS¬°m-°-I-fn¬
\n∂pw hyXy-kvX\m-Ip-∂-sX-ßs\?
$ ]cn -an -Xn -Isf adn -I-S -°m-\p≈
BKlw.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 59
$ ]pXnb km[y-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øm-
\p≈ iaw.
$ kzmX-¥y-Zmlw/al-Ømb kz]v\-
߃.
$ sshb-‡n-I-amb t\ -߃°-∏pdw
Xs‚ kaq-lsØ ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°-
W-sa∂ Nn¥.
CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Bi-b-߃ N¿®-
bn¬ Db¿∂p-h-cmw.
\man∂v A\p`hn°p∂ ]e kzmX
¥y߃°pw ku`mKy߃°pw
]n∂n¬ ]e hy‡nIfpsSbpw [oc
amb XpS°ßfp≠v.
˛ amdpadbv°en\p t\XrXzw
sImSpØ kvXoIƒ
˛ hn[hmhnhmlw, ]¥nt`mP\w,
t£X]thi\w
˛ s]mXp-h-gn-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ Ah¿W-
cpsS BZy-k-©mcw
˛ ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sn--Ø-߃
]pXnb hgn-s∏-´p-∂-h¿ kaq--l-Øns‚
apgp-h≥ ]Xn-tj-[-Øn\pw (I°m-Sns‚
hgn-sh´p-∂-h-tcmSv Hm¿°p-I) F∂m¬
Ch¿ \n¿Ωn-°p∂ hgn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv
temIw ]n∂oSv k©-cn-°m-dp≈Xv.
sshb-‡n-I-amb In\m-hp-Iƒ°-∏pdw
temI-Po-hn-XsØ kw_-‘n® al-
Ømb kz]\-߃ ImWm≥ \ap°p
IgnbWw. `mhn-tem-IsØ°pdn-®p≈
k¶-ev]-߃ bmYm¿∞y-am-°m-\p≈
ia-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ
A¿∞-h-Øm-°p-∂-Xv.
tPm\m-Y≥ enhn-Mvè koKƒ
dn®m¿Uv _mjns‚ temI-]-ivX-ambsNdp t\mh-emWv tPm\m-Y≥ enhn-Mvè koKƒ.
tPm\m-Y≥ a‰p-I-S¬°m-°-I-fn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\m-bn-cp-∂p. IS¬°-c-bn¬ a’ym-h-in-jvS-߃°p-th≠nAe-™p-Xn-cn -bp-∂ Pohn-X-Øn¬Ah\p Xr]vXn tXm∂n-bn-√. Nnd-Ip-Iƒ ]d -°m -\p -≈-Xm -Wv . Ah≥IS¬hn-Xm-\-Øn\p apI-fnse BIm-i-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-bn-√mØ Db-c-߃IogS-°m≥ BK-ln-®p. BIm-i-bm-X-bpsS D√m-k-Øn¬ Ah≥ kzbw ad-∂p. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS A\p-\-b-Ønt\m Iq´p-Im-cpsS \n¿_-‘-Ønt\m Ah≥ hgn-s∏-´n-√. kap-Zmb\oXnsb A≥ Iq´m-°n-bn-√. tPm\m-Y≥ H‰-s∏-´p. Xs‚ kapZm-b-Øn¬\n∂pw ]pd-¥-≈-s∏-´p.
Hcp Znhkw ]d-°-en-\n-S-bn¬ Ah≥c≠p- I-S¬°m°Isf ]cn-N-bs-∏--Sp∂p. Pohn-X-Øn\v, \ne-\n¬∏n\vas‰m-c¿∞hpw am\-hp -ap -s≠∂vAh¿ tPm\m-Y-t\mSv ]d-bp-∂p. e£-°-W-°n\v IS¬°m-°-I-fn¬\n∂pwhyXy-kvX-\m-hp-I. henb \n›-b-
60 lb¿ sk°‚dn
ßfpsS Db-c-ß-fn-te°v ]d-∂p-I-b-dpI. kp≈n-h≥ Ah-t\mSv ]d-™p.inbmMv Ah\v kml-kn-Ihpw _p≤n-ap-t´-dn-b-Xp-amb ]pXnb ]d-°¬ ]mT-߃ ]I¿∂p sImSp-Øp. \nd™Bth-i-tØmsS, \nc-¥-c-amb ]cn-i-a-Øn-eqsS Ah≥ Bcp-a-dn-bmØ Db-c-߃ Iog-S-°n.
tPm\m-Y≥ Ahs\ Xnc-kv°-cn®IS¬°m-°-I-fn-te°v ]n∂oSv Xncn-®p-h-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS Afn™gpInbPohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-tbmSv HØp-Xo¿∏n¬FØm-\-√, ]pXnb Xe-ap-dsb Nnd-Ip-I-fpsS ambnI i-‡n-sb-°p-dn-®-dn-bn-°m≥, ]d-°-ens‚ hnkv-abw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥. Xs∂ Ah-K-Wn® kaq-l-Øn¬ tPm\m-Y\v injy-cp-≠m-bn.BIm-i-hn-Xm-\-Øn-te°v IS¬°m-°-I-fpsS ]pXn-b-]‰w Db¿∂p ]d-°m≥XpS-ßn. tPm\m-Y-\m-Is´ GIm-¥-ambXs‚ BImibmXbnte°v Xncn®p]d-∂p.
dn®m¿Uv _mjvtPm\m-Y≥ enhnMvè koKƒ F∂IrXn-bn-eqsS ]kn-≤-\mb Ata-cn-°≥ Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\m-Wv dn®m¿Uv_mjv (P\\w Pq¨ 23, 1936) At±lwsP‰v hnam-\-Øns‚ ss]e-‰m-bn-cp-∂p.1970 ¬ BWv tPm\m-Y-s\-°p-dn-®p≈t\mh¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. temI-Øp-S-\ofw Cu t\mhen\v e£-°-W-°n\vhmb-\-°m-cp-≠mbn. 1973 ¬ tPm\m-Ys‚ IY kn\n-a-bm-hp-I-bp-ap≠m-bn.
kµ¿i\w
]mTm-]-K-Y\w
kaq-l-Øn¬ Ihn-X-bv°p≈ kzoIm-cy-
Xbpw kzm[o-\hpw Gdnbpw Ipd™pw
h∂ kµ¿`-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]mNo-
\-I-hn-X-b-Øn-\p-tijw ae-bm-f-I-hnX
]pXp-]-h-W-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ P\-
IobambnØo¿∂Xv Bim≥, h≈-
tØmƒ, D≈q¿ F∂o ]Xn-`-I-fpsS
IS-∂p-h-cthmsSbmWv. ka-]-`m-h-∑m-
cmb Ch-cn¬ Bims‚ `mh-]-]©w
AXp-hsc ae-bm-fn°v A]-cn-Nn-X-amb
taJ-e-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
sshb-‡nI ]W-b-Øns‚ XoIvjv-W-
X-sb-s¥∂v ae-bmfn Adn-bp-∂Xv
]n∂o-Sp-h∂ CS-∏≈n°hn-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-
Wv. \ntbm-¢m-kn-k-Øns‚ F√m amaq-
ep-Ifpw shSn™v hnIm-cm-fl-I-amb
Hcp Imev]-\nI Imhy-`mj ]Xy-£-
am-Ip-∂Xv Ch-cn-em-Wv. Nß-ºp-gbpw
CS-∏-≈nbpw ]Wbkmµ-amb ss\cm-
iyhpw hnc-lhpw sshIm-cn-I-X-bp-
sa√mw a[p-tcm-Zm-c-amb A\p- qXn ]]-
©-am°n am‰n. ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬
B[p-\n-IX Pzen-®p-\n∂ L´-Ønepw
]W-bhpw hnc-lhpw \nc-h[n Ihn-
X-Iƒ°v ]ta-b-am-bn- p-≠v. Aø-∏-]-Wn-
°-cpsS "]I-ep-Iƒ cmXn-Ifn'se
"k‘ym -Jfiw', k®n -Zm -\ -µs‚
"Bfl-KoX' XpS-ßnb Ihn-X-Iƒ CXn-
\p-Zm-l-c-W-amWv. F∂m¬ ]W-b-
Øns‚ Hcp hnime `q]Sw Hcp-ßp∂
ImgvN _me-N-µ≥ Np≈n-°m-Sns‚
Ihn-X-I-fn-emWv \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. B[p-
\nI Ime-Øns‚ AkvXn-Xz-hy-Y-I-fn¬
So®¿ sSIvÃv 61
\n∂p-ap≈ kz]v\m-fl-I-amb Hcp A`-
b-ambn _me-N-µs‚ Ihn-X-I-fn¬
]W-bm-h-ÿ-Ifpw ]W-bn-\n-Ifpw IS-
∂p-h-∂p. kzbw IpØnapdn-th-ev]n-®p-
≠mb Bfl-th-Z-\-Isf A\p-`q-Xn-I-
fm°n am‰p∂ ck-X¥w _me-N-µs‚
Ihn-X-I-fn¬ ImWmw. "]W-b-KoXw',
"hy¿∞-am-k-Ønse IjvS-cmXn',
"B\-µ-[mc', "t]mIq -]n-b-s∏´ ]£n',
"kµ¿i\w' XpS-ßnb Ihn-X-I-fn-Xn-\p-
Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.
""Xoh-X, bph-Xzw, ]Zm-\zb\ho\X,
hmKvkw-Ko-Xw, \n¿ΩmW Iui-esØ
Ihn™p t]mIp∂ hmk-\m-ssh-`-hw,
kzc-ssh-hn-[yw, kºq¿Æ-amb kpXm-
cyX, A\¿§-f-amb Du¿÷ ]hm-lw,
akvXn-jvI-tØ°mƒ lrZ-b-Øn-ep≈
hnizmkw Cßs\ Nß-ºpg°hn-X-
bpsS sshin-jvSy-߃ ]eXpw _me-
N-µs‚ Ihn-Xbnepw ]Xy-£-s∏´v
AXns\ bphlrZ-b-߃°p ]nb-¶-
c-am-°p-∂p... F-t∏mgpw hcn-™p-ap-dp-
Inb Iºn-t]m-se-bmWv `mj. H∂p
sXm´m¬ aXn AXp-ds° apg-ßpw.
Xo£vW ]tbmKkar-≤-am-b, D®-ÿm-
bn-bn-ep-≈ Cu ssien-bpsS KpWw
FIvkv-]-j-Wn-ÃvNn-X-I-e-bnse ISpw-
h-c-Iƒ t]mse AXv NSp-e-Xo-h-amb
hnIm-cm-hn-jvImcw km[n-°p∂p F∂-
Xm-Wv.''
˛k-®n-Zm-\-µ≥ (ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xm-]-T-\-
߃)
Pohn-X-kw-L¿j-߃ Bbncw ^W-
ßfp-b¿Øn ap∂n¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ
kz]v\wt]mepw ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ
Hcp \nk-lm-b-hÿ Fgp]-Xp-I-fpsS
Ah-km-\-Ønepw F¨]-Xp-I-fpsS
XpS-°-Ønepw ae-bm-fn-bpsS Pohn-X-
Øn-ep-≠m-bn. kz]v\-߃ \nd-®p- h®
Imev]-\nI a\v (sNºIw ]qØ-I-
cƒ) Icn™p t]mb Ime-amWXv.
Acn-In-em-hp-tºmgpw A]-cn-Nn-X-Xzhpw
AI¬®bpw _m[n®v au\Øn-te-°p-
]-Xn-°p∂ ]W-b-sØ-bmWv _me-
Nµ≥ Np≈n-°mSv "kµ¿i-\'-Øn¬
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]W-b-Øns‚ qX-
h¿Ø-am-\-ßsf hyXy-kvX-amb \nd-
°q-´p-I-fn-emWv Ihn hc-®p-Im-´p-∂-Xv.
hyh-t—Zn-®-dn-bm-\m-hmØ hnlz-eX
_m[n® B[p-\nI a\-ns‚ ]W-
bsØbmWv \mw ChnsS ImWp-∂-Xv.
AXv tIhew `uXn-I-amb XS--ß-
sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Bi-¶-I-f-√. Bƒ°q-´-
Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw Hmtcm a\p-jy-
s\bpw H‰ -s∏ -Sp -Øp∂ Fs¥m-
s°tbm ]pXn -b-tem-I-Øn-ep -≠v.
hy‡n- A-\p- -hn-°p∂ Cu H‰-s∏-Sepw
A\y -Xm -t_m -[hpw I°m-Sns‚
"]m¿°n¬' t]mep≈ Ihn-X-I-fn¬
apºpXs∂ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp -∂p -≠v.
Imev]-\nIamb Cta-P-dn-Iƒ°p]-Icw
\mK-cn-I-X-bpsS ]mcpjyw ]I-S-am-
°p∂ Nn”-߃ sIm≠mWv CØcw
A\p-`-h-ßsf B[p\n-I-I-hn -Iƒ
Bhnjv°-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.
Nß-ºp-g-sb-t∏mse Imev]-\n-IX
Np≈n -°m -Sns‚ Ihn -X -bp -sSbpw
A¥¿[m-c-bmWv. F∂m¬ efn-X-tIm-
af ]Zm-h-en-Iƒ sIm≠v hnh-cn-°m-\m-
hp∂ Hc-\p-`-h-a√ Np≈n-°m-Sn\v ]W-
bw. Xoh-sa-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Xo£vW-
am-W-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒ hm°p-IƒXs∂
Akw-_-‘-am-Ip∂ Ah-ÿ. AXp-
sIm≠v "au\w-Ip -Sn°pI' F∂p
62 lb¿ sk°‚dn
Ihn°p ]tbm-Kn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p. A\p-
` -h -Øns‚ XoIvjvW-Xsb
kqNn∏n°m≥ s]m≈p-∂tXm apdn-
th¬∏n-°p-∂tXm Bb hm°p-Iƒ,
Cta-P-dn-Iƒ Np≈n-°m-Sns‚ Ihn-X-I-
fn¬ \nc-¥cw ]Xy£-s∏-Sp-∂p.
ap≈p-ap-‰nb apJw, IÆnse k¿∏-°fw,
Imf-t®m-c-tI-gp∂ HmS-h°v, inJ-fin-
sb- s]‰ t]°n-\mhv (Aam-hm-kn) XpS-
ßnb _nw_-ß-fnse cuZ -`mhw
Bkp-c-amb \mK-cn-I-Xsb Bhn-jv°-
cn-°m≥ ]cym-]vXambn-´p-≠v. ]Xy-£-
Øn¬ _‘-an-√mØ ]Z-߃ hnf-°n-
t®¿Øv khn-ti-j-am-sbmcp mh-X-ew
kr-jvSn-°p∂ coXn Np≈n-°m-Sns‚
s]mXp-k-hn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. `qXhpw
Ab-\hpw \ap-°-dn -bmw. F∂m¬
"`qXmb\w' Ihn -`m-jbv°p kΩm-\n-
°p∂ \£-X-amWv. tNmc-∏m-f-w, PKZv -
£-I-≥, Ima -Iw -_-fw, Bt·-b-
ku-lrZw, Xnan-c-Im-ew, \ntbm¨ hk-
¥w, qX-hyY, ¢mhp-]n-Sn® lrZbw, \c-
I-Xo¿∞w, IØp∂ Npw_\w XpS-ßn
]Z-t®-cp-h-I-fpsS tLmj-bmX Ihn-X-
I-fn-ep-S-\ofw Is≠-Ømw.
kakvX-]-Z-ß-fp-sSbpw ]Z-tbm-K-ß-fp-
sSbpw Zriy-_nw-_-ß-fp-sSbpw khn-
ti-j-amb k∂n-thiwsIm≠mWv
Ihn ]pXnb `mh-temIw krjvSn-°p-
∂Xv. CØcw Akm-[m-c-W-amb ]Z-
t®¿®-Iƒ Np≈n-°m-Sn\v ]nb-s∏- -Xm-
Wv.
"kµ¿i\'Øns‚ XpS -°-Øn¬
hmNyX-e-Øn¬ \nc¿∞-I-sa∂p
tXm∂p∂ "au\w IpSn-°pI' F∂
Inb-bn-te-°m-Wv Ihn \sΩ- sIm-≠p-
t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. H∂n-®n-cn-°p-tºmgpw Ian-
Xm-°ƒ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ h¿Ø-am-\-
Ime ZpxJØns‚ Xoh-Xbpw thZ-
\bpw \n-lm-b-Xbpw ]cn-Nn-X-a-
√mØ Cu ]Z-t®¿®-sIm≠v Ihn-
A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
]W-b-Øns‚ a[ptcm -Z -mc -amb,
h¿Æi_-f-amb Hcp `qX-Ime NnXw
Ihn hc-®n-Sp-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ h¿Ø-
am -\ -Øn -se -Øp -tºmƒ NnXw
Xo¿Øpw Duj-c-am-Ip-∂p. AhnsS
IhnXt]mepw hc≠p t]mbn-cn-°p-∂p.
\c-I-cm-Xn-Ifpw \nXy-]-bm-W-ß-fp-
amWv AhnsS hn[n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv.
\ne-hn-fn-t]mepw \ni-_vZ-am-bn-Øo-cp-
∂p. sXm≠-bn¬ ]nS-bp∂ \ne-hnfn
Xpc¶Øn¬ H‰-s∏- -hs‚ \n-lm-bX
\sΩ A\p-`-hn-∏n-°p-∂p.
Ihn-X-t]mepw hc-≠p-t]mb `qan-bn¬
Imev]-\nIXbpsS ImØn-cn∏v A¿∞-
So®¿ sSIvÃv 63
h-Ø-s√∂v Ihn- I-cp-Xp-∂p. AXp-
sIm≠pXs∂ ]W-b-tØmSv Ihn°v
hnS-]-d-bmsX hø. \c-I-cm-Xn-bpsS
\K-c-ho-Yn-I-fn-te°v A`n-i-]vX-amb Hc-
e-®n-en\v Ah≥ hn[n-°-s∏- n-cn°p-∂p.
]Xo-£m-cm-ln-Xy-Øns‚bpw FIm-¥-
hn-lz-e-X-I-fp-sSbpw hnizmk\jvS-ß-
fp-sSbpw ]md-bn-Sp-°n¬ kzbw \nt£-
]n®v Xncn®p \S-°p-I-bmtWm Ihn?
Bizmk-Øns‚ Xnf-°w, Bi-bn-°m-
hp∂ aqeyw, Ch-sbm∂pw Ahtijn-
°p-∂n-t√?
Cu tNmZy-߃°v Ihn \¬Ip∂
DØcw Xs∂-bmWv Xm\p-t]-£n-®p-
t]m-b-sX-¶nepw Xs∂ ]n¥p-S-cp∂
]W-bw. AXp P\-\m-¥c kulr-
Zhpw Ccp-´n-ep-Zn-°p∂ kqcy-ap-J-hp-am-
Wv.
Ihn-X-bn-te-°v
Iuam-c-Im-esØ ]km-Z-h-Øm-°p∂
k¶-ev]-ßfpw kz]v\-ßfpw Fs¥m-
s°-bm-hmw?
`mhn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ \nß-fpsS k¶-ev]-
ßfpw Bi-Ifpw ]Xo£Ifpw
Fs¥m-s°-bm-Wv?
$ BÀm-Z-I-c-amb IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw
$ sXmgn¬cwKsØ hnP-b-߃
$ ]nb-X-c-ß-fmb kulr-Z-߃
Ch-sbms° \sΩ ]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-∂n-
t√?
]W-b-sa∂ A\p -`q -Xn -I -c -amb
kz]v\hpw Ch-bvs°m∏w Iq´n-h-bv°m-
tam?
Pohn-XsØ h¿Wm-`-am-°p∂ aqey-h-
Ømb A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv ]W-
bw. ]W-b-Øns‚ hyXykvX `m-h-
߃ ]I-S-am-Ip∂ Hcp IhnX ]cn-N-
b-s∏Smw.
"kµ¿i\w' F∂ IhnX `mhm-fl-I-
ambn Be-]n-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-Smw. anI®
Bem-]-\-߃ GsX∂v Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-
b-s´. AXn-\p-tijw Ihn-bpsS i_vZ-
Øn-ep≈ Bem-]\w Ah¿ i≤n®p
tIƒ°-s´.
Ihn-X-bnse kmam\y Bi-b-߃
Is≠-Øm-\p≈ N¿®.
$ kµ¿iI apdn -bn¬ ]c-kv]cw
H∂pw an≠m≥ t]mepw ]‰m-Xn-cn-
°p∂ ]W-bn-Iƒ.
$ \nd-sb-∏qØ ]W-b-Øns‚ Hcp
]q¿∆-Imew.
$ Ct∏mƒ PohnXw hnlz-e-amb Hc-
e-®n-em-Wv.
$ At∏mgpw ]W-bn-\n-bpsS Hm¿a
km¥z-\-am-Ip-∂p.
Cu Bi-b-߃ N¿®-bn-eqsS kwK-
ln-°-s∏-S-Ww. \nco-£-W-߃ Ip´n-
Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.
]W-b-Øns‚ BÀm-Zhpw Dt∑-jhpw
Ihn-X-bn¬ ]Xy-£-am-Ip-∂-sX-ß-s\?
]W-b-Øns‚ \ncm-im-`mhw Ihn-X-
bn¬ sXfn-bp-∂p-t≠m?
\nßsf BI¿jn® hcn-Iƒ Gh?
F¥p-sIm≠v?
64 lb¿ sk°‚dn
CØcw Imcy-ß-fn¬ N¿® \S-°-Ww.
Bkzm-Z\][m\-amb hn[-Øn-em-
hWw Ihn-X-bpsS Ah-X-c-Whpw
N¿®-bpw.
]tbm-K-ß-fpsS
kuµcyw Is≠-ج
Ihn-X-bpsS `mj kmam-\y-hy-h-lm-c-
`m-j-bn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-am-W-t√m.
tIh-e-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\-∏pdw
`mh-kw-th-Z-\-Øns‚ Hcp Xew ]Z-ß-
fpsS khn -ti-j-amb tN¿®-I-fn -
eqsSbpw hn\ym-k-Øn-eqsSbpw Ihn
krjvSn-°p-∂p. Ihn-bpsS mjm-]-tbm-
K-߃°v tIh-e-amb ]Zm¿∞-߃°-
∏p-d-tØ°v hym]n-°p-hm≥ tijn-bp-≠v.
CXp km[-y-am-Ip-∂Xv khn-ti-j-amb
Imhy-k-µ¿`-ß-fnemWv F∂Xpw
i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Imhy-`m-j-bpsS
Cu khn-tij kz`m-h-Øn-te°v ]Tn-
Xm-°sf \bn-°m-\p≈ ia-amWv Cu
]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS \S-t°-≠-Xv.
- Ihn-X-bnse apJy- m-h-ß-tf-sXm-s°-
bmWv F∂ tNmZy-Øn-eqsS XpS-ßm-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ ]W-bw
$ hnjm-Zw
$ GIm-¥X
$
$
CØcw sshIm-cnI A\p-`-h-ßsf
]Im-in-∏n-°m≥ Ihn kzoI-cn-®n-cn-
°p∂Xv GsXms° ]Z-ßfpw _nw_-
ß-fp-amWv?
Ah tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-h-iy-s∏-Smw.
$ angn-I-fn¬ \j-vS-s∏-SpI
$ kwKo-X-ap≈ \nizmkw
$ ac-W-th-K-Øn-tem-Sp∂ h≠n-
Iƒ
$ \nXy-]-bm-Ww, \c-I-cm-Xn-Iƒ
$ GIm-Inbmw ]mW≥
$ au\w IpSn-®n-cn-°pI
$
$
ta¬ sImSpØ kqN-\-Iƒ ]Wbw
hnjmZw XpS-ßnb sshIm-cn-Im-\p-`-h-
ßsf kq£va-ambn A`n-hy-RvPn-∏n-°p-
hm≥ FX-amXw klm-b-I-am-hp∂p?
c≠p-]-Z-߃ XΩn¬ tNcp-tºmƒ
aq∂m-a-sXmcp ]Z-a√ Hcp \£-X-amWv
DZn-°p-∂-Xv F∂v tdm_¿ v _uWnßv
F∂ BwK-teb Ihn ]d-bp-∂p-≠-
t√m. ]Z-߃°v ]pXnb A¿∞w e`n-
°p∂Xn¬ Imhy-k-µ¿`-Øn\p≈
]m[m-\y-sa¥v?
sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS "amº-g-'Ønse
"ac-X-I-In-ßnWn kuK‘nI kz¿Æ-
ambnØocpwaptº' F∂ ]tbm-Kw
i≤-bn¬s∏-SpØmw. "ac-X-I-In-ßn-
Wn°pw' "kuK-‘nI kz¿Æ-Øn\pw'
]Xy-£-Øn¬ amß F∂ A¿∞w
e`n-°p-∂n-√ F∂m¬ Imhy-k-µ¿`-
Øn¬ \n∂v IÆn -amß amº-g -
ambnamdp-∂-Xm-sW∂ Xncn-®-dn-hv GXp
hmb-\-°m-c\pw D≠m-Ipw.
hnc¬, IÆv XpS-ßnb ]Z-ß-fpsS
kmam-\y-amb A¿∞w \ap-°-dn-bmw.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 65
F∂m¬ Ihn-X-bn¬ Ahbv°v khn-
ti-j-amb `mhm¿∞-X-e-߃ krjvSn-
°m≥ Ihn°v Ign-™-sX-ßs\?
hnc¬ F∂ ]Zw I\I-ssa-em©n
\ocn¬ XpSpØ hnc-em -Ip -∂Xpw
k‘y Ip¶p-a-Ø-cn-]p-c≠ NnZw-_c
k‘y-bm-Ip-∂Xpw Imhy-k-µ¿ -Øn\p
\¬Inb A[n-I-tim` Fs¥m-s°-
bmWv?
F¥p-sIm -≠mWv Ihn Ic -fns\
s]m≥sN-ºIw ]qØ Ic-sf∂v hnti-
jn-∏n-®-Xv.
$ s]m≥sN-ºIw ]qØ- I-cƒ ]W-
b-`m-h-Øns‚ aq¿Ø-cq-]-w.
$ ]q°ƒ hncn-bp-∂Xv hk-¥-Im-e-
Øn-em-Wv. ]Wbw a\-ns‚
hk-¥-am-Wv. sNº-Iw ae-bm-fn°v
]nb-s∏´ ]W-b-]-Xo-I-w.
$ "I\-I-ssa-em©n \ocn¬ XpSpØ
hnc¬' hnc-ens‚ XpSp-∏v F∂-Xn-
\-∏pdw a‰v A¿∞-km-[y-X-I-
fpt≠m?
$ kuµcyw, am¿Zhw, kv]¿i-Øm-
ep-≠m-hp∂ Ahm-Ny-amb A\p- q-
Xn.
$ Nph∏v ]W-b-Øns‚ \nd-w.
$ "\n≥Ip¶paØcn-]p-c≠ NnZw-_c
k-‘y-Iƒ' F∂ ]tbmKØns‚
Imhy-`wKn F¥mWv?
$ NnZw-_cw ˛ a\-m-Ip∂ BIm-
iw.
$ Fs‚ a\-ns‚ BIm-i-Ønse
k‘y-Iƒ°v \ndw e`n-°p-∂Xv
\ns‚ s\‰n-bnse Ip¶p-a-Ø-cn-∏p-
c-≠n-´m-Wv.
$ Fs‚ a\-ns\ BÀm-Z-a-b-am-
°p∂ kpµ-cm-\p-`q-Xn-I-sf√mw
\n∂n¬ \n∂p h∂p-tN¿∂-h-b-
tX. \o Cs√-¶n¬ Fs‚ k‘y-
Iƒ°v \nd -an -√m -sX-bm -Ipw.
k‘ybv°p \ndw sI´mtem,
F√mw Ccp-fm-Ipw.
$ Ip¶paw Zmº-Xy-]-W-b-sa∂ k¶-
ev]-tØmSv _‘-s∏´p \n¬°p-
∂p.
$ s\Snb IÆnse IrjvW-Im-¥-
߃X≥ Inc-W-ta-s‰s‚ Nn√-Iƒ
]qØXpw˛Cu hcn-bpsS mh-Xew
F¥v?
$ IrjvW-a-Wnsb IrjvW-Im-¥-am-
°p-∂-Xp-hgn AXns‚ BI¿j-W-
i‡n hyRvPn∏n-°p∂p. Nn√-Iƒ
]q°p-∂Xv kqcy-In-c-W-ta-‰-mW-
t√m. ChnsS kqcy-In-cWw ]W-
bn-\n-bpsS ISm-£-am-Wv. Nn√ -I-
hn-bpsS hnIm-c-tem-I-ambn amdp-
∂p. hm°p-I-fpsS [z\-\- w-Kn-sIm-
≠mWv CØcw A¿∞-X-e-ß-fn-
te°v IhnX hnI-kn-°p∂-Xv.
Cu BibXe-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-
Øn¬ ]Z-ßfpsS HuNn-Xyw, ]Z-߃
khn-ti-j-ambn tNcp-tºmƒ e`n-°p∂
A[n-I-am-\w, hm°p-I-fpsS ]Xy-
£m¿∞-Øn-\-∏p-dØv kqNn-Xm¿∞-
Øn\p ssIh-cp∂ ]m[m\yw Ch-
sb√mw Dƒs°m-≈n®p sIm≠v Hcp
Ipdn-∏p-X-øm-dm-°p-I. \nco-£W X\n-
a-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
Ip´n-Iƒ kzbw hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´.
66 lb¿ sk°‚dn
[z\n-Xew Is≠-ج
`mj-bpsS km[m-cW hymI-cW \nb-
a-ß-sf, kmam-\y-hy-h-lm-c-`m-j-bpsS
kº-Zm-b-ßsf, IhnX \nc-¥cw
sh√p-hn -fn -°p-∂p. Hmtcm hm°pw
AXns‚ kµ¿`-Øn-¬ \n∂pw khn-
ti-j-amb A¿∞-߃ kzoI-cn-°p∂p
F∂v Ihn-X-bpsS A¿t∞m¬]m-Z\
km[y-X-sb-°p-dn®v k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ \nco-
£n-°p-∂p. kµ¿i\w F∂ Ihn-X-
bnepw CØ-c-Ønep≈ ]tbm-K-߃
D≠v.
˛ au\w IpSn-°p-I, angn-I-fn¬
\jvS-s∏-Sp-I, GIm-¥-tcm-Z\w
]nS-bpI XpS-ßnb ]tbm-K-
ßfpsS khn -ti-j-Xew
F¥mWv?
Ihn Cu ]tbm-K-ß-fn-eqsS Dt±-in-®-
Xv F¥mhmw?
kmam-\y-hy-h-lm-c-Øn¬ \manßs\
D]--tbm-Kn-°m-dn-√. F∂m¬ Ihn-X-bn-
em-Ip-tºmƒ kµ¿`-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v
CØcw ]tbm-K-߃°v km[p-X-bp-
≠v.
Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS \nco-£-W-߃
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠Xv:$ kµ¿i-I-ap-dn-bn¬ H∂n-®n-cn-°p-
tºmgpw GIm-¥X A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-
h-cmWv Ihn-X-bnse ]W-bn-Iƒ.
$ ]Wbw \¬Ip∂ Bfl-hn-kvar-Xn,
H‰-s∏-S-ens‚ thZ-\, H∂p \ne-hn-
fn-°m≥ t]mep-am-ImØ \n-lm-
bX.
$ au\w IpSn-®n-cn-°pI ˛ kµ¿iI
apdn-bn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw IpSn-®n-cn-
°pI F∂ km[m-cW A\p-`-h-
sØ-bmWv Ihn au\w IpSn-®n-cn-
°pI F∂ khn-tij A\p-`-h-
am°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
˛ ]W-bnIƒ°n-S-bnse au\w
Bg-ta-dn-b-Xm-Wv.
˛ hm°p-Iƒ°-Xo-X-am-Wv Ah-
cpsS am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ.
˛ kwkmcw ]pd-tØ-°p≈ Bhn-
jv°m-c-sa-¶n¬ au\w X∂n-
te°v Xs∂-bp≈ k©m-c-
amWv.
˛ H‰-s∏-S-ens‚ Ak-lyX
˛
XpS-ßnb `mh-߃ Cu ]tbm-K-Øn-
eqsS Ihn hyRvPn-∏n-°p-∂p.
angn-I-fn¬ \jvS-s∏-SpI
˛ ]c-kv]cw IÆp-I-fn¬ t\m°n-
bn-cn -°p-tºmƒ ]W-bn-Iƒ
Ah-cpsS thZ-\-Iƒ ad-∂p-t]m-
Ip-∂p.
˛ Ah¿ kzbw ad-°p∂p.
˛ Rms\∂ mhw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p.
˛ hm°p-IƒsIm≠v hnh-cn-°m-\m-
ImØ B¥-cnI `mhw ]c-
kv]cw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.
sXm≠-bn¬ ]nS-bp∂ GIm-¥-tcm-
Z\w.
˛ kzX-¥-amb Bfl-k-©mcw
km[y-am-ImsX t]mIp-∂-Xn-
ep≈ \jvS-t_m[w.
˛ tcmZ -\ -Øns‚ GIm-¥X
Abm-fp-sSbpw GIm-¥-X-bm-Wv.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 67
˛ ]nS-®n¬, tcmZ\w Ch tN¿∂p
hcp -tºmƒ AXv ac-W∏nS-
®nens\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n°pw.
˛ hc≠ kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-bn¬
GIm-¥-ambn \ne -hn -fn -
°m≥t]mep-am-ImØ kn-lm-
b-X.
IqSp-X¬ khn-ti-j-amb ]tbm-K-߃
Is≠-Ø-s´. Ah-bpsS kq£va-amb
A¿∞-X-e-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´.
hne-bn-cp-ج kqN-I-߃
˛ \nco-£-W-ß-fnse X\na
˛ Imhy-k-µ¿ -hp-am-bp≈
s]mcpØw
˛ `mjm-]-c-amb anIhv
HuNnXyw Is≠-ØpI
sshhn-[y-am¿∂ A\p-`-h-ßsf Bhn-
jv°-cn-°p-tºmƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂
]Z-ß-fpsS HuNn-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v \ap-
°-dn-bm-a-t√m.
a™-sØ-®n-∏q-¶p-e-t]mse
aRvPn-a-hn-Scpw ]pe¿Imte
\n∂q efn-tX -\o-sb≥ ap∂n¬
\n¿hrXnX≥s]m≥IXn¿t]mse
F∂v Xs‚ a\-kzn-\nsb hnti-jn-∏n-
°p∂ Nß-ºpg as‰m-c-h-ÿ-bn¬
Ahsf
sImSn-b- h-kq-cn-bn-ep-K-hn-cq-]X
tIma-c-amSo \n∂p-S-en¬
F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xp t\m°p-I.
BZy-k-µ¿`-Øn¬ ]km-Zm-fl-Ihpw
Imev]-\n-I-hp-amb efn-X-tIm-af ]Z-
ßfmWv Ihn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.
]n∂oSv AXns‚ ÿm\Øv sImSnb
hkq-cnbpw, DK-hn-cq-]-Xbpw DS-en¬
cuZ-`mhw ]q≠p-\n¬°p-∂Xv \mw
ImWp-∂p.
Xn‡-amb Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-amWv
Ihn-X-bnse \mb-I-t‚-Xv. F∂m¬
a[p-tcm-Zm-c-amb Hcp `qX-Im-e-sØ-°p-
dn-®p≈ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ \mb-I≥ Ab-hn-d-
°p-∂p≠v. B Hm¿Ω-I-fpsS km¥z-\-
amWv thZ-\-Iƒ ad-°m≥ Abmsf
klm-bn-°p-∂-Xv.
"kµ¿i\w' F∂ Ihn -X -bn¬
Ibv°p∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-sØbpw
a[p-cn-°p∂ `qX-Im-e-sØbpw Ah-X-
cn -∏n -°m≥ Ihn D]-tbm-Kn® ]Z-
߃°p \nd-t -Z-ß-fp≠v. Ip´n-Iƒ Ihn-
X-bn¬ \n∂pw Ah-I-s≠-Ø-s´.
$ I\-I-ssa-em-©n, IrjvW-Im-¥w,
Ip¶p-a-Øcn, Inc-Ww, ]q°p-I,
XpSpØ.
XpSßnb ]km-Zm-flI ]Z-ß-fn¬
\n∂pw Xn‡-h¿Ø-am-\-Øn-se-Øp-
tºmƒ `mjbv°v Fs¥√mw hyXym-
k-ß-fmWv h∂p tNcp-∂Xv?
]Z-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´ ˛ ac-
W-th-Kw, h≠n, \K-c-ho-Yn, \nXy-]-
bm-Ww, aZn-c, \c-I-cm-Xn, kX-®p-a-cp-
Iƒ.
BZyw I≠ ]km-Zm-fl-I-amb ]Z-ß-
fn¬\n∂v Ch Fß-s\-sb√mw
hyXykvX-am-hp∂p?
Cu ]Z-߃ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p∂ `mh-
߃ Fs¥-√m-am-Wv.
$ \nd-∏-In-´n-√mØ temIw
$ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øns‚
]mcpjyw
68 lb¿ sk°‚dn
$ Xoh-hn-jmZw
$ \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS hnlz-eX
$ A\y-h¬°-cWw
]W-b-Øns‚ `qX-h¿Ø-am -\ -
ßsf°pdn-®p≈ \nco-£-W-ß-fn¬
\n∂p-Xs∂ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏n-te°v
t]mIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
]W-b-Xo-cØv km¥z\w sIm≠ Hcp
Imehpw hnlz-e-amb as‰m-cp- Im-ehpw
]tbm-K-ß-fpsS hni-I-e-\-Øn-eqsS
Is≠-Øm-a-t√m. Cu ImgvN-∏m-tSmsS
Ihn -X -bpsS ka- K -amb Bib
XesØ I≠p-sIm≠v Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-
te°p t]mImw.
Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v
kµ¿i\w F∂ Ihn -X -bpsS
Fs¥ms° khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv \nß-
sf-bm-I¿jn-®Xv?
]Tn-Xm-°ƒ A`n-]mbw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-
s´.
$ Ihn-X-bpsS `mh-Xo-£vWX
$ khn-ti-j-Nm-cp-X-bp≈ ]tbm-
K-߃
$ _nw_-߃
CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fp-≠m-
hmw.
A`n-]mbw Ihn-X-bnse sXfn-hp-I-f-p-
]-tbm-Kn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°-Ww.
A`n-]m-b-ß-fn¬ X\n-abpw kqIvjva-
X-bpap≈h ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ Xs∂ Is≠-
Øs´.
Ihn-X-bn-ep-S-\ofw Htc `mh-Øns‚
Xs∂ CS-X-S-hn-√mØ hf¿®-bmtWm
Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v
k¿Km-fl-I I-r-Xn-I-fpsS BZy-hm-b-\-Xs∂ Bkzm-Z\w e£ywh®p-≈-Xm-Wv.IrXn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ A]-K-Y-\-hn-i-I-e-\ -߃ ASp -Ø-L-´ -am -Wv. ]t£Bkzm-Z-\-Øn¬\n∂v -In-´p∂ Dt∑-j-amWv hmb-\-°m-c\v Db¿∂ Xe-Øn-ep≈ At\z-j-W-]-T-\-߃°v t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ ]e- hn-Xm-\-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-hmw. BZy-L-´-ß-fn¬ Ah ]e-t∏mgpw ]ta-b-sØ-°p-dn -®p≈ hni-Zo -I-c -W-߃amXamhmw. ]n∂oSv AXn-e-∏p-d-ap≈Nn¥-Ifpw At\z-j-W-ßfpw Bcw-`n-°pw. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hf¿®-bm-Wv \mwhnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv.
k¿Km-flI cN-\-I-fpsS Bkzm-Z-\hpwHcp k¿Km-flI I¿Ω-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p -Xs∂ hkvXp -\n -j vT -X -bn¬Ihn™ Bfl-\n-jvTX Hcp Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏n¬ Is≠Øm≥ ]‰n-sb-∂p-h-cmw. IrXn X∂n¬ G¬∏n® A\p-`-h-ßfpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-ambn Bkzm-Z\w cq]-s∏-SWw. Hcp k¿Km-flIhyh-lm-c-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏ns‚ LS\ C∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂v \n¿tZ-in-°m≥ hø. F¶nepwhnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS cN-\bv°v Hcp A°m-Z-anI kz`mhw Bh-iy-am-b-Xp-sIm≠vAh-bv°p-≠m-th≠ Nne KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A[ym-]nIbv°v [mcWthWw.
Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏n¬ IrXn-bpsS ]ta-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam\y hnh-cWwD≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Hcp IrXn-bn¬ Hscm‰]ta-bta D≠m-hp-I-bp≈q F∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xv icn-b-√. hmb-\-°m-c-\mWvIrXn-bnse ]ta-bsØ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xv.Hcm-fn¬ \n∂v as‰mcmfn-te°v amdp-tºmƒ Is≠-Øp∂ ]ta-bhpw hyXy-kvX-am-hpw.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 69
\n߃°v A\p-`-h-s∏-´Xv?
$ ]Wbw F∂ `mhw AXns‚
ambnI `wKn-tbmsS ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-
≠v.
$ ]Wbwt]mepw km[y-am-hmØ
am\-kn-Im-\p-`-hhpw Cu Ihn-X-
bpsS ]ta-b-am-Wv.
$ \n-lm-bX
$ PohnXw \nc¿∞-I-sa∂
tXm∂¬
$ ITn-\-amb GIm-¥X
$ H∂n-t\mSpw ]q¿W-ambpw s]mcp-
Ø-s∏-Sm-\m-hmØ A\y-Ym-Xzw.
CØcw Bi-b-ß-sfms° N¿®-bn¬
Db¿∂p hcmw.
F¶nepw ]Wbw \nc¿∞-I-am-sW∂
tXm∂¬ Ihn-X-bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-
t≠m. IhnX H∂pIqSn ]cn-tim-[n-
°s´.
]Wb Ime-Øns‚ \nd-®m¿Øv FX-
tØmfw Hma-\-Ø-tØm-sS-bmWv Ihn
NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
""I\-I-ssa-em©n \ocn¬ XpSp-Ø˛
F∂m-cw-`n-°p∂ `mKhpw
""Ccp-fn-e-t∏m-fp-Zn-°p∂p \n≥ apJw
Icp-Wamw P\-\m-¥-c-km-¥z\w''
F∂ hcn-Ifpw i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Øp-I.
hn-lz-e-X-I-fp-sS Ccp-´n-epw Hm¿a-bn-ep-
Zn-°p∂ ]W-bn-\n-bpsS apJw P\-\m-
¥-c-km-¥z-\-am-sW∂pXs∂ Ihn ]d-
bp-∂p-≠v.
]e P\-\-ß-fn¬, ]e P∑-ß-fn-te°v
km¥z\w ]I-cp-∂-XmWv Cu ]W-bw.
""AcpXp sNm√p-hm≥ \µn'' F∂
]tbm-K-Øn¬ GXp \µn -hm -°p -
Iƒ°p-a-∏p-d-amWv ]Wbw ]I¿∂
B\-µhpw Bizm-khpw F∂p hy‡-
am-hp-∂p.
kµ¿i-\ -Ønse ]Wbw FX-
tØmfw XoIvjvWhpw DZm-Ø-hp-amb
Hcp k¶ev]-am-sW∂v Ip´n-Iƒ hne-
bn-cp-Ø-s´.
Bkzm-Z-\-Øn¬ htc-≠p-∂Xv:
$ Ihn-X-bpsS Bi-b-Xew
$ `mh-Xew
$ Imhy-`m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ
]ta-b-tØm-sSm∏w ][m-\-amWvBhn-jv°m-c-co-Xnbpw. F¥p ]d-bp∂pF∂-Xp-t]mse Fßs\ ]d-bp∂pF∂Xpw ]k-‡-amWv F∂¿∞w.Bhn-jv°mc coXn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\w Iptd-°qSn ]bmkIc-am-Wv. a‰pIrXn-I-fp-am-bp≈ Xmc-Xayw ChnsSBh-iy-ambn ht∂°mw.
Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Hcp IrXnsb ka-K-ambn I≠-dn-™p≈ Fgp-ØmWv.F¶nepw IrXn-bnse Nne `mK-ßtfmhcn-Itfm hmb-\-°m-cs\ IqSp-X¬BI¿jn-s®-∂p-h-cpw. Ahsb°pdn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw Ipdn-∏ns\ IqSp-X¬B[n-Im-cn-I-am-°pw. Akzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏n\p \¬Ip∂ io¿j-Ihpw i≤n-°-s∏tS-≠-Xm-Wv. io¿jIw D≈-S-°-tØmSv \oXn-]p-e¿Øp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.
70 lb¿ sk°‚dn
Xmc-Xayw sNøpI
ZpxJØns‚ el-cn-bn¬ kzbw A`n-c-
an®v Ahbv°v Imhym -hn -jvImcw
\¬Inb Ihn-I-fmWv Nß-ºp-gbpw
_me-N-µ≥ Np≈n-°mSpw. ZpxJØns‚
AKm-[-X-bn¬ kzbw \jvS-s∏ v, BIp-
eXIfpw Bk-‡n-Ifpw \nd™
hy‡n-Po-hn-Xhpw Ah-bpsS k¿§m-fl-
Im-hn-jvIm-c-ß-fn-eqsS t\Snb kº-∂-
amb Hcp Imhy-Po-hn-Xhpw \bn® Ihn-
bmWv Nß-º-pg. ]W-b-Øns‚
A]mc-amb \n¿hr-Xnbpw ]W-b-\-jvS-
Øns‚ B¥-cnI thZ-\Ifpw Hcp
t]mse ]¶p-sh-bv°p∂XmWv ]mT-]p-
kvX-I-Øn¬ \¬In-bn-´p≈ "a\-kzn-
\n'bnse Cu hcn-Iƒ. "a\-kzn\n'
¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. thZ-\sb
D]m-kn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS "apc-fo -ar -Zp -
ch'amIp∂ Imhym-\p-`qXn X∂n-ep-W-
cs´ F∂m-K-ln-°p∂ Ihn-bpsS at\m-
hym -]mcw Ip´n -I -fpsS i≤-bn¬
sIm≠p-h-cWw. Nne tNmZy-߃
ChnsS D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
˛ "a\-kzn\n'bpw "kµ¿i-\'hpw
]¶p-h-bv°p-∂Xv Htc sshIm-cn-
Im-\p-`-h-ß-fmtWm?
˛ "ZpxJOmb Ie¿∂
]WbKmY' F∂ hnti-jWw
"kµ¿i\w' F∂ Ihn-Xbv°v
FX-amXw tbmPn-°p-∂p≠v?
-˛ ] W - b - I - h n - X - I - s f √ m w
ZpxJOmb Ie¿∂-h-bmtWm?
Nne IhnXIfpambn XmcXayw sNøq.
]W-b-te-J\wJeo¬ Pn_m≥
]nb-s∏´ Faneo, kz¿§-Øn-te°v Xpd∂pInS-°p∂ Hcp taL-Pm-e-
Iw. AXn-eqsS t\m°n-\n¬°p-∂- \ns‚ Xfn¿an-gn-Iƒ. angn-I-fn-eqsS
\£-X-ß-sfm-s∂m-∂mbn Xma-c-\q-en-eq-sSm-gpIn `qan-bn-se-Øp-∂Xv
Rm\n-t∏mgpw ImWp-∂p-≠v. hn[p-c-bmb Cu cmhns‚ Np≠n¬ \£-
X-߃ sIm≠v \ap-s°m∂pw ]I¿Øn-sh-°m-\m-hn-√. Cu cmhv XWp-
Øp-d™v lna-km-K-c-amIpw hsc \mw ImØn-cn-°p-I. At∏mƒ \ap°v
A\-¥-X-tbm-f-sam-gpIn \S-°mw. \ΩpsS IuXp-I-ß-fn-te°v s]bvXn-d-
ßp∂ Kn‰m-dns‚ taml\ \mZ-ß-fn-te°p Rm≥ \ns∂ tN¿Øp-
hbv°s´. At∏mƒ \o Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p? taL-ß-fn-√m-Ø- \-`-n¬
GXp ]£n-bpsS hc-hn-s\-bmWv \o ImØn-cp-∂Xv? F\n-°-dn-bmw,
\£-X-ap-J-ap≈ Hcp ]pjv]hpw t]dn \o Fs∂- Im-Øp-\n-ev°p-∂p-
≠m-Ip-sa-∂v.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 71
B\-µ-[mc
_me-N-µ≥ Np≈n-°m-Sv.
NqSmsXt]mbv \o \n\-°mbn Rm≥, tNmc˛
Nm-dn-®p-h-∏n-s®-msc≥ ]\o¿∏q-hp-Iƒ
ImWmsX t]mbv \o \n\-°mbn Rms\s‚
]mWs‚ ]n∂n¬ Ipdn-®n´ hm°p-Iƒ
H∂p sXmSmsX t]mbo hnc¬Øp-ºn-\m¬
C∂pw \n\-°mbv XpSn-°p-sa≥ X¥n-Iƒ
A‘amw kwh¬k-c-߃°p-a-°sc
A¥-sa-gm-ØXmw Hm¿Ω-Iƒ°-°sc
Ip¶paw sXm´p-h-cp∂ ic-Xv°m-e˛
k‘y-bm-sW-∂p-sa-\n-°p-\o-tbm-at\
ZpxJam-sW-¶nepw \ns∂-°p-dn-®p≈
ZpxJsa-¥m-\-µ-am-sW-\n-t°m-at\,
Fs∂-∂p-sa≥ ]m\-]mXw \nd-bv°s´
\n∂-km-∂n[yw ]I-cp∂ thZ\.
\ns∂°pdn-®n-\n-sbm∂p ]mSs´ Rm≥.D≈w Xpd-s∂m∂p ]mSn
Rmt\m¿°s´\ns∂; \ns∂-°-≠p-Zn® ]pe-cn-Iƒ;\n≥hn-c¬Øp-º-Øp-W¿∂ \dpw
]q°ƒ;\n≥an--gn-sØ-√n¬ \ng-en®p \n∂ Rm≥;Fs‚ \n»q-\y-X-bn-¶¬ \n≥ ]p©ncnFs‚ auVy-Øn¬ NpW-Xcpw
\n≥samgn;sas√∏Wn-s∏-´p-b¿Øpw apJmw-_pPwX∂n¬ sNdp-]n-W-°-Øn≥ Icn-ºpI;\o Na-t™mcp\mƒ t\m°n-bn-t√-´-
s\≥t\sc' sb∂msI°eºpw ]cn-`hw;\Ωƒ ]qtX-Sn-®-hn-´nb ap≈p-Iƒ;
\sΩ-sbm-∂n®p hcn-™n´ t\mhp-Iƒ;\ns∂-°p-dn-®n\nsb¥p-]m-tS≠p
Rm≥!\ns∂-°pSn-sh-®-Xn-s√≥ IpSn-en¬
Rm≥.DΩsh®n-´n-√n-tX-h-sc; °sÆ-dn-˛™n√; ssIam-dn-bn-´n-√ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ;]n≥ \nemth‰p \mw \n¬t°
Ipbn-enWIqIn; ]qt¥≥\p-I¿∂oe h≠p-Iƒ;Nm™oe \osb≥ he¶øn¬; \n≥
ImXn˛em™p ]Xn-®-Xn-s√≥
s\©n-Sn-∏pIƒ;F¥n-\v,\obmw
hnImcsa≥lr¬∏pjv]˛K‘-ambv \n∂-Xn-∂m-cp≠p km£n-
bmbv?
_mey-Im-e-kJnhn-jvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xncn
72 lb¿ sk°‚dn
F∂m¬, Xpem-t°m-fneqgn-hm-\-ßsfXp≠p-Xp-≠m°panSn-a-g-No-dth,amdn¬a-b-ßp-sa≥ Im¥sb®p≠n-
\m¬,t\cn-b- th¿∏-Wn-°-øm¬, Xgp-IthF¥n\v an∂¬-t]mseßp-\n∂n-∂seh∂p \obp≈n¬ sXfn™q
s\mSn-bn-S?
]`m-jWw
F≥.-hn, ssh-tem-∏-≈n, Bim≥ F∂o
Ihn-I-fpsS hcn-Iƒ hmbn®v Bibw
kwK-ln-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.
Cu Ihn -Xm -`m -K -ßfnse ]W-b
k¶ev]w hni-I -e\w sNbvXv
"kµ¿i\-'Øn-teXpambn Xmc-Xayw
sNøp-I.
hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.
˛ Bflm¿∞-an-√mbva
˛ ÿnc-X-bn-√mbva
˛ emt`—
˛ Ima-]-cX
˛ IqcX
]W-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ CØcw Bi-
¶-Iƒ ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ hcn-I-fn¬\n∂v
Xncn-®-dn-b-s´.
en]vÃn-°ns‚ a[pcw, Dan-\o¿, t]cp
tI´m¬ t]Sn CØcw ]tbm-K-ß-fn-
te°v i≤ -£-Wn-°p-I. Ch ]W-b-
sØ-°p-dn®v AXXp IhnI-fpsS k¶-
ev]-ß-ƒ A√. ]W-b-Øn\p kw`-hn-
°m-hp∂ A]-N-b-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ Ah-
cpsS Bi-¶-I-fmWv.
A`n - ]m -b -߃ kwK -ln®v
""]Wb`mh-Øns‚ `n∂apJ-߃
Ihn-X-bn¬'' F∂ hnj-b-sØ-°p-
dn®p≈ \nco-£W-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂p. Ah ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn Ip´n-Iƒ
]`m-j-W-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°n Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°s´. Ip´n-Iƒ Ah hne-bn-cp-
Ø-s´.
hne-bn-cp-ج kqN-I-߃
1. Bi-b-[m-cW
2. Ah-X-c-W-an-Ihv
3. \nco-£-W-ß-fn-se X\na
Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rcºv
]mTm-]-K-Y\w
Hm¿a-bpsS Rc-ºv ]e hnXm-\-Øn-¬
hmb-\m-km-[y-X-bp≈ IY-bm-Wv. c≠p
Xe-ap-d-bnse kvXoIƒ ][m-\-I-Ym-
]m-X-ß-fmbn hcp∂ Cu IY-bn¬ qX-
Im-ehpw h¿Ø-am-\-hpw XΩn-ep≈
A`n-ap-Jo-I-c-W-ap-≠v. AXn-ep-a-∏pdw a‰p
]e ]ta-b-ßfpw sXm´pw XS™pw
IYsb it≤-b-am-°p-∂p. Nne km[y-
X-Iƒ \ap-°mcmbmw.
˛ hm¿[-Iy-Øns‚ H‰-s∏-S¬
˛ Hm¿a/adhn
˛ kmaq-ln-IX/sshb-‡n-IX
˛ kvXo]-iv\-߃
˛ Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-bpsS PohnXw
sNdp-IY [mcm-fn-Ø-Øns‚ IY-b-√.
AXpsIm≠p-Xs∂ sNdp-I-Y-bn¬
[mcmfw IYm-]m-X-ßfpw kw -h-ßfpw
]Xo-£n-°m-hp-∂-X-√. c≠v IYm-]m-
X-ßsf tIµo-I-cn®v hnI-kn-°p∂
IY-bmWv Hm¿a-bpsS Rc-ºv. hr≤bpw
So®¿ sSIvÃv 73
\h-h-[p -hmb bph-Xn -bpw. Ch¿
XΩn¬ AI-e-ap-≠v. ]mb-Øn¬ amX-
a√ A`n-cp-Nn-I-fnepw. bph-Xn°v BZy-
sam∂pw hr≤-tbmSv bmsXm-cm-`n-ap-
Jyhpw tXm∂p-∂n-√.
Ah-cpsS sh∏p-]√pw ]g-ºp-cmWw ]d-
®nepw Ah-fn¬ aSp-∏p-≠m-°p-∂p.
]n∂oSv B am\-kn-Im-h-ÿbv°v kw -
hn-°p∂ kzm`m-hn-I-amb hyXn-bm\w
sNdp-kq-N-\-I-fn-eqsS IY-bn¬ shfn-
s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. "sh∏p-]-√p-Iƒ F∂
"IrXn-a-amb sIm®-cn-∏-√p-Iƒ' CjvS-
Øn\v hgn-am-dp-∂Xv i≤n-°p-I. ]Xn-
sb-∏-Xnsb hr≤-bn¬ bphXn Xs∂-
Øs∂ ImWp-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂-Xmhmw
Cu at\m-`m-h-am-‰-Øn-\p≈ Imc-Ww.
kvXobpsS Fgp-X-s∏-SmØ Ncn-X-
amWv ap∂n-en-cn-°p-∂-sX∂ Xncn-®-dn-
hn-te°v bph-Xn- FØn-t®-cp-∂p. hr≤-
bpsS NcnXw Ah-cn-¬ A-h-km-\n-°p-
∂n -s√∂pw X∂n-eqsS XpS -cp -∂p -
sh∂pw Ah-f-dn-bp-∂p.
hr≤-bpsS Hm¿a-Iƒ Nn∂n-®n-Xdn hogp-
∂-h-bm-Wv. Ahbv°v IrXy-Xtbm
Iatam Zo£n-°m≥ ]‰p-∂n-√. Nne
khn-tij PohnX kµ¿`-ß-fn¬
amXta Hm¿a-bpsS shfn®w hogp-
∂p≈q. ]t£ B kµ¿`-Nn-X-߃
ASp-°n-sh-®m¬ Hcp ]q¿W Pohn-X-
hrØw Iev]n-s®-Sp-°m≥ \ap°pIgn-
bpw. kzmX-¥y-k-acIme-Øns‚
]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ _meyw, Ihn-X-sb-
gp-Øns‚ BZy -i-a-߃°v e`n-°p∂
A\p-tam-Z\w, Zmº-Xyw, Akzm-X-¥y-
Øn -s‚bpw Ah-K -W-\ -bp -sSbpw
XpS¿°m-ew, k¿Km-fl-IX-bpsS apc-Sn-
∏v, hm¿[-Iy-Øns‚ GIm-¥-X, Hm¿a-
Iƒ°p-ta¬ ad-hn-bpsS B[n]Xyw
Cßs\sbmcp cq]-tcJ IY-bn¬
\n∂v hc-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpw.
tIc-f-Ønse kmº-Zm-bnI IpSpw-_-
L-S-\-bv°-IØv Hcp kvXo°v hn[n-®n-
´p≈ A\p-`-h-߃ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p
hr≤-bp-tS-Xpw. ""]ip-°sf Bcpt\m-
°pw. A—s‚ Aÿn-Ø-tdev Bcp
Xncn-sIm-fpØpw''˛ Ch-sbms° ]c-º-
cm-KX tNmZy-߃ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]t£,
hr≤-bnse kvXok-Ø Hcp icm-icn
ho´-Ω-bp-tS-X-√. _mey-Øn¬ Xs∂
alm-Ihn h≈-tØm-fns‚ A\p-tam-
Z\w G‰p-hm-ßnb Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-bm-bn-
cp∂p Ah¿. IY-bn¬ Ah-sc-gp-Xn
]q¿Øn-bm-°mØ IY-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈
kqN-\-I-fp-≠v. kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Øn¬
Pbn-en¬ t]mhp∂ kvXob-°p-dn-®m-bn-
cp∂p BZy-I-Y. c≠m-a-sX-gp-Xn-Øp-S-
ßn-bXv iocm-a-Pbw (A∂v `¿Ømhv
U¬ln-bn¬ A[n-Im-c-]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-°-
bm-bn-cp∂psh∂Xv it≤-b-am-Wv). HSp-
hn-se-gp-Xm≥ ]‰msX t]mb IY-bpsS
t]cv "Zp¿a-c-W'-sa-∂m-Wv. kzmX¥y-Xm-
Z¿i-\-Øn¬\n∂v Zp¿a-c-W-Øn-te-
°p≈ hogvN-bmbn hr≤-kz¥w IY
]d™p Xo¿°p-∂p. Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-
bpsS PohnXw IY-bn¬ ]iv\-h-Xv°-
cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv CS-hn-´p≈ `qX-Im-em-
\p-`h kqN-\-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv ˛ Hm¿a-
I-fpsS sNdp-No-fp-Iƒ ]e AI-e-ß-
fn¬ hn\y-kn®psIm≠v.
hr≤-bpsS Hm¿a-Iƒ tIhew sshb-
‡n-I-ßf-s√-∂Xv ][m-\-am -Wv.
Xo¿Øpw kzIm-cy-sa∂p tXm∂n-∏n-°p-
∂-h-t]mepw Ncn-X-]-c-amb apg-°-ap-≈-
h-b-sX. h≈-tØm-fn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈
74 lb¿ sk°‚dn
]cm-a¿iw, kzmX¥yka-c-Im-e-]-›m-
Øew Ch-sbms° DZv_p-≤-amb Hcp
Ime-Øns‚ Xpd-p-Isf Hm¿an-∏n-°p-
∂p. Zo¿L-amb PohnX k©m-c-Øn-
s\m-Sp-hn¬ hr≤- h-s∂-Øp-∂sXhn-sS-
bm-Wv? Fs∏m-tg -I-Øn-Øo¿∂ Nµ-
\-Øn-cn-bpsS K‘-ap≈ NqSp-Im‰v
`ms¥-SpØp hoip∂ apdn-bv°-I-Øv.
C°-Y-bn¬ tZiPohn-X-Øns‚ Ncn-X-
]-c-amb hni-I-e\w ]tcm-£-amb
A¥¿[m-c-bmbn h¿Øn-°p-∂p-s≠∂
Imcyhpw kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-X-s∂.
IY-bnse \h-h -[p -hmb bphXn
HcmJym-Xm-hmbn thdn´p \nev°p-I-bm-
sW∂v ]Xy-£-Øn¬ tXm∂mw.
]t£ hr≤-bpsS IY ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-
∂Xv Ah-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. \Zn-bpsS Hmc-
Øn-cp∂v ]hmlw ImWp-∂-bmƒ
]Xnsb Hgp-°n-te-°-en™p t]mhp∂
A\p- -h-am-W-h-fp-tS-Xv. Ah-fpsS A\p-
`-h-ßtfm ]›m-Ø-etam IY-bn¬
Imcy-ambn kqNn-X-am-hp-∂n-√. ]t£
hr≤ ]d-bp-∂Xv Ah-fp-sSbpw IY
Xs∂-bm-Ip-∂p. Ah-fpsS ap∂n¬
as‰m-cp-hƒ tIƒhn-°m-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂m¬
Ahƒ ]d-bp∂ IY thsdm-∂m-hm≥
hgn-bn-√. IYm-¥y-Øn¬ hr≤-bpsS Igp-
Ønse hbe‰p \nd-ap≈ Rcºv ˛
Hm¿a-bpsS Rcºv ˛ X∂n¬ Xs∂
Ahƒ XncbpI-bm-Wv.
XpS¿®-bn-√m-bva-bpsS A\p-`-h-amWv
IY-bpsS Hcp khn-ti-j-X. A\p-`-h-
߃°pw kw`-h-߃°p-an-S-bn-ep≈
hnShv ]qcn-∏n-°p-∂Xv hr≤-bpsS Hm¿a-
I-fpsS CS-¿®bpw adp-N-e-\-ß-fp-am-Wv.
Hm¿a-Iƒ°pta¬ ]WnX inev]-amWv
IYm-\maw Xs∂ kqNn-∏n°pw t]mse
"Hm¿a-bpsS Rcºv:' hr≤-bpsS `mj-
W-sa√mw Bfl-`m-j-W-am-Wv. c≠m-a-
sXmcp IYm-]m-X-Øns‚ km∂n[yw
Ah¿°v Hm¿a-I-fn-te-°p≈ Xncn-®p-\-
S-Ø-Øn-\p≈ \nanØw amX-am-Wv.
]t£ bph-Xnsb kw_-‘n-®n -S -
tØmfw hr≤ Hcp t_mt[m-Zbw Xs∂-
bm-Wv. Ch¿ XΩn-ep≈ hn\n-a-b-amWv
Cu IY. ]t£ hn\n-a-b-Øn-\p≈
am¿Kw ]c-kv]-c-`m-j-WamsW∂v ]d-
bm≥ hø-Xm-\pw. hr≤-am-X-amWv
kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tIƒhn-°m-cn-bpsS
]Xn-I-cWßfpw tNjvSm-t`-Z-ß-fp-
amWv IYsb ]qcn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 75
]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-߃
]m\¬ N¿®
Ncn-X-Øn¬ kvXobpsS km∂n-[yhpw
]m[m-\yhpw th≠-hn[w tcJ-s∏-Sp-
Ø-s∏-´n-´pt≠m? Ah-sf¥psIm≠m-
Wn∂pw c≠mw \nc-°m-cn-bmbn XpS-
cp-∂Xv? kaq-l-L-S-\-bn¬ KpW-]-c-
amb am‰-߃ ]e-Xp-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.
P\m-[n-]-Xy-t_m[w IpSq-X¬ ]_-e-
am-bn. ]t£, kvXobpsS kmaq-lnI]-
Z-hn-bn¬ ImX-emb am‰-ap-≠mtbm?
hnZym-`ymk, sXmgn¬ta-J-e-I-fn¬
kvXobpsS km∂n[yw h¿≤n-®n- p-s≠-
∂Xpw icn-X-s∂. kq£va-amb ]cn-
tim-[\ Cu kµ¿`-Øn-em-h-iy-ambn
hcp-∂p. Cu Bi-b-ta-J-e-bmWv
]m\¬ N¿®-bpsS hnj-bw.
kvXohn-th-N-\-Øns‚ A[n-I-kq-N-\-
Iƒ ]mT-`m-KØp \n∂v Is≠-Ø-s´.
$ IYm-kq-N-\-I-fn¬ sXfn -bp∂
kvXob-h-ÿ-I-sf-s¥m-s°-bmWv?
$ IY-bn¬ ]Xy -£-s∏-SmØ
kvXoPo-hn-X-Øns‚ s]mXp-]-iv\-
߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-Wv?
C°m-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®-I-fn-
eqsS ]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n-°mw.
N¿®-bn¬ kqNn-X-am-hp∂ ][m-\-\n-
K-a-\-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.
Cu Bi-b-ta-J-esb°pdn-®p≈ IqSp-
X¬ sXfn-®-Øn-\mbn Hcp ]m\¬
N¿® BImw.
hnjbw : kvXo]-Zhn: C∂se C∂,v
\msf (kvXo Ah-ÿ-bp-ambn _‘-
s∏´ kam-\-amb a‰p hnj-b-ßfpw
Bhmw).
]m\¬ N¿®
hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb ImgvN-∏mSpw Bi-b-ßfpw D≈ hnZ-Kv[¿ Hcp hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n®v N¿® sNøp∂]h¿Ø-\-amWv ]m\¬ N¿®. HcptNmZy-Øn\v efn-X-amb Hcp-Øcw amX-a√ C∂p-≈-Xv. GXv tNmZy-Øn-s\bpwhyXykvX ImgvN-∏m-tSmsS kao-]n-°p-tºmƒ DØcw hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-∂p.k¶o¿W-amb kmaq-lnI hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn -®m-Ip-tºmƒ A`n-]m-b-߃hyXykvXw amX -a√. Nne -t∏mƒhncp≤w t]mep-am-Ipw.
]m\¬ N¿®bv°v 3 LS-I-ß-fp-≠v.H∂m-a-Xmbn hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v N¿®sNøp∂ hnZ-Kv[¿. Hmtcm taJ-e-bn¬]mhoWyw t\Snb Bfp-IsfbmWvhnZ-Kv[-cmbn N¿®-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-∏n-t°≠Xv. _me-th-esb kw_-‘n-°p∂ Hcp ]m\¬N¿®-bn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS t£a-Øn-\mbn ]h¿Øn-°p∂Hcp kmaq-lnI ]h¿Ø-I≥, A[ym-]-I≥, cmjvSob ]h¿Ø--I¿, inip-a-\-xim-kvX-⁄¿ apX-em-b-h¿ hnZ-Kv[-cm-sb-Ømw. as‰mcp ][m-\-s∏´LSIw tamU-td-‰-dm-Wv. tamU-td-‰dpwhnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v ]Tn® Bfm-I-Ww.bp‡-amb tNmZy-߃sIm≠v N¿®\bn-°m-\pw, Nne Imcy-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\pw, Bi-b-k-a-\z-b-Øn-se-Øn-°m\pw tamU-td-‰¿°p Ign-b-Ww.aq∂m-a-sØ-L-SIw N¿®-bnse ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Wv. Ah¿°pw N¿®-bn¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-fp-≠v. P\m-[n-]Xy acym-Z-Iƒ]men -®p -sIm≠p Xs∂ hnZ-Kv[¿\evIp∂ DØ-c-ß-tfmSv hntbm-Pn-°m\pw tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-°m\pwAh¿°v Ah-k-c-ap-≠v.
76 lb¿ sk°‚dn
]m\-ense hnZ-Kv[sc hnj-b-Øn¬t\Snbn´p≈ [mc-W, ]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fnse IrXy-X, Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-tijnXpS-ßnb kqN-I-ß-fm¬ hne-bn-cp-Ømw. tamU-td-‰¿ IrXyhpw Ipdn-°p-sIm-≈p-∂-Xp-amb tNmZy-߃ sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnhn[ hnZ-Kv[¿°v tNmZy-߃ hn`-Pn®v \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h-cpsS A`n-]m-b-ß-sfbpw\n¿tZ-i-ß-sfbpw am\n-°p-∂-Xn\pwIgn-hp≈ Bfm-I-Ww. ]¶m-fn-Iƒ°vBibw icn -bmbn Dƒs°m-≠p -sIm≠pw N¿®-I-fn¬ CS-s]-Sm-\p≈Ign-hv, Dt±-in-°p∂ Imcyw icn-bmbnhn\n-abw sNøm-\p≈ Ign-hv, (P\m-[n-]Xy acymZIƒ ]men-®p-sIm-≠v) F∂n-hbpw D≠m-I-Ww.
N¿® sNtø-≠p∂ Bi-b-߃
Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?
$ Nne taJ-e-I-fn¬ kvXoap-t∂‰w
km[y-am-bn- p-s≠-¶nepw Cu apt∂-
‰ -Øns‚ B\p -Iqeyw F√m
kvXoIƒ°pw e`n-®n-´pt≠m?
-$ IpSpw-_-Øn-\-IØv kvXo Fß-s\-
bmWv ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂Xv?
XpSßn ]m\-ense hnZ-Kv[-tcmSv tamU-
td-‰¿ D∂-bn-t°≠ ][m\ tNmZy-
߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Xs∂ Is≠-Ø-s´.
Xmsg sImSpØ taJ-e-Iƒ hcm≥
A[ym-]nI i≤n-°-Ww:
$ kvXo c≠mw \ncbnte°v X≈-
s∏-Sm≥ CS-bmb Imc-W-߃
$ kvXo ]Z-hnsb kw_-‘n-°p∂
]c-º-cm-KX ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ
$ kmaq -lnI apt∂-‰ -ß-fn¬
kvXobpsS ]¶m-fnØw
$ IpSpw-_-®p-a-X-e-Iƒ \n›-bn-°p-∂-
Xn-ep≈ hnth-N\w
$ kvXoIƒ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂
taJ-e-Iƒ
$ kvXoIƒ NqjWw sNø-s∏-Sp∂
taJ-e-Iƒ
$ kvXo apt∂-‰-Øns‚ ]I-S-amb
sXfn-hp-Iƒ
Xmc-Xayw
IY-bpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ s]¨Ip-´n-°p-
≠m-bn-cp∂ "Ak-ln-jvWpX' IYm-¥y-
Øn¬ "BImw-£-'bmbn cq]-s∏-Sp-
∂Xn\p≈ Imc-W-߃ At\z-jn-°p-
tºmƒ IY-bpsS tIµ-]-ta-b-amWv
N¿®-bm-tI-≠-Xv.
$ hr≤, s]¨Ip´n F∂nh¿ XΩn¬
GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ kam-\X
Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bptam? s]¨Ip-
´n°v hr≤-tbmSv XpS-°-Øn¬
tXm∂p∂ Ak-ln-jvWpX kmh-
[m\w ASp-∏-ambn amdp-∂-Xn\v Imc-
W-sa-¥mhmw? Xs‚ Xs∂ A]-c-
kz -Xz -ambn hr≤sb ImWm≥
s]¨Ip -´n°v Ig n -™pthm?
GsX√mw kµ¿` -ß-fn -emWv
s]¨Ip- n°v hr≤-tbmSv A\njvSw
tXm∂p-∂Xv? CØcw tNmZy-߃
D∂-bn-®p-sIm≠v ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-
te°p ]th-in-°mw.
Ak-ln-jvWpXbv°p≈ Imc-W-߃:
$ Ah-cpsS cq]w
So®¿ sSIvÃv 77
$ Ah¿ ]g-ºp-cm -W-߃]d™p
sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
$ Ah-cn¬ ]km-Z-h-Ømbn H∂pan√
BImw-£-sb¥p sIm≠mhmw?
$ Cu kvXo Xm\-S-ßp∂ kvXoh¿§-
Øns‚ ]Xn-\n[n Xs∂-bm-Wv.
--˛ Ch-¿ Hcp Ncn-X-amWv
˛ Ch-cpsS XpS¿®-bmWv Xm\pw
˛ Ah-cpsS hen-∏hpw sshin-
jvSyhpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.
hr≤ A\p-`-hn-®n-cp∂ Akzm-X-¥yw,
Ah-K-W-\, A]-am\w XpS-ßn-bh
]pXnb Ime-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-bmb
s]¨Ip´n A\p-` -hn -°p-∂pt≠m?
AXm-bn-cn-°ptam s]¨Ip-´n°v hr≤-
tbmSv kl-`mhw tXm∂m≥ ImcWw?
Aßs\sb¶n¬, Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬
s]¨Ip-´n°v t\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂n-´p≈
AØcw A\p- -h-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Cu IY-
bn-ep≈ kqN-\-Iƒ Is≠-Ømtam?
$ ""cmhnse koa-¥-tc-J-bn -en´
knµqcw hnb¿∏n¬ IpXn¿∂v hnc-
en -sem -´n . Hcp Xp≈n c‡w
t]mse AXp hnc¬Øp-ºn¬ Hcp
\nanjw Xßn. ]ns∂ sas√
Xmtg°p hoWp acn®p.''
$ ""A¿ln-°p∂ BZcw In´mØ
bP-am\s‚ Cu¿jy-tbmsS
Abmƒ tNmZn®p.''
ta¬s°m-SpØ hmN-I-߃ s]¨Ip´n-
bpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ GXp-Xcw A\p-
`-h-amWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv? Ip´n-Iƒ
DØcw Is≠-Ø-s´.
""Ip´n Fgp-Xptam?'' F∂v hr≤ tNmZn-
®-t∏mƒ s]¨Ip´n H∂pw an≠p-∂n√.
Ah-fpsS D≈nepw Hcp FgpØpImcn
D≠m-bn-cn-°mw.
sI.k-c-kzXn AΩ, efn-Xmw-_nI
A¥¿÷-\w, cmP-e-£van, am[-hn-°p-
´n, kmdm-tPm-k^v XpS-ßnb Fgp-Øp-
Im-cn-Ifn¬ Nne-sc-¶nepw A\p-`-hn®
hnß-ep-Ifpw Ah-cpsS IY-I-fn¬
Bhn-jvIr-X-am-Ip∂ kzmX-¥y-t_m-
[hpw ¢mkn¬ N¿®-bm-°p-∂Xv \√-
Xm-Wv.
Ch-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kam\
A\p-`-h-߃ ]¶p-h-bv°p∂ hr≤-bp-
sSbpw s]¨Ip- n-bp-sSbpw -Po-hn-X-sØ-
Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°mw.
HuNnXyw Is≠Ømw
Hcp hr≤-bpsS Hm¿Ω-Isf tIµo-I-cn-
®mWv Cu IY hnI-kn-°p-∂-Xv. Hm¿Ω-
I-fmWv Ahsc Pohn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-
bn-√m-Xm-hp-tºmƒ Ah-cp-an-√m-Xm-hpw.
Cu Hm¿Ω-Iƒ tIhew sshb-‡n-I-
a-√. Hcp tZi-Øns‚, Hcp kaq-l-
Øns‚, Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kvXo
h¿§-Øns‚ Hs° Ncn-X-amWv Ah-
cpsS Hm¿Ω-I-fpsS ImX¬. AXp
sIm≠p-Xs∂ Cu io¿j-I-Øn¬ ]d-
bp∂ Rcºv IY-bpsS a¿Ω kqN-I-
am-hp-∂p. io¿j-IsØ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ
IY-bpsS ]e- hn-Xm-\-ß-fn-te-°p≈
k©mcw Ffp-∏-am-hp-∂p. IY-bpsS
CØ-c-Øn-epff kq£va hni-I-e-\-ß-
fn-te°v Ip´n-Isf \bn-°m≥ Cu
]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS km[n-°-Ww.
$ Rc-ºns\°pdn -®p≈ kqN\
\mamZyw ImWp-∂Xv IY-bpsS XpS-
°-Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]n∂oSv
78 lb¿ sk°‚dn
GsXms° IYm-k-µ¿ -ß-fn-emWv
CXv XpS¿∂p-h-cp-∂Xv?
$ F¥p-sIm -≠m-bn -cn°mw Rc-
ºns\°pdn -®p≈ ]cm -a¿iw
Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?
$ ]Xy-£-Øn¬ Hm¿Ωbv°v Rc-ºp-
I-sfm-∂p-an-√. ]t£ ]e kµ¿`-
ß-fn¬ Bh¿Øn-®v ]Xy-£-s∏-
Sp∂XpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ IY-bn¬
Rc-ºn\v khn -ti -j-amb
]m[m\yw ssIh-cp-∂p.
$ ad -hn -s°-Xn -cmb Hm¿Ω-bpsS
Iem]w A[n-Im-c-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb
Iem]w Xs∂-bmW-t√m. Cu
Bi-b-hp-ambn hr≤-bpsS Hm¿Ω-
Isf Fßs\ _‘n-∏n -°m≥
]‰pw?
$ h¿Ø-am\Ime-Po-hnXw kw`-h-c-
ln-Xhpw hnc-k-hp-am-Wv.
$ Ah¿ Pohn-°p-∂Xv
Hm¿Ω-Ifn-em-Wv.
$ B Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rc-º-‰m¬
Ah-cn-√.
$ Rcºv Hcp ]Xo-I-ambn amdp∂p.
$ Rc-ºns‚ kv]µ-\-amWv Hm¿Ω
io¿j-I-Øns‚ HuNn-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v
Ipdn∏p Xøm-dm-°p-I.
hne-bn-cp-ج kqN-I-߃
$ \nco-£-W-Ønse X\na
$ HuNnXyw
$ Ah-X-c-W-Ønse anIhv
N¿® sNømw
$ kzmX¥yw F∂ k¶-ev]-Øn\v
Cu IY-bn¬ hyXy-kvX-amb am\-
ß-fp-≠v.
$ tZi-Øns‚ kzmX¥yw
$ kvXobpsS kzmX¥yw
$ Bhn-jvImc kzmX¥yw
Cu Bi-b-߃ IY-bn¬ Bhn-jv°-
cn-°-s∏-Sp∂sXß-s\-sb-∂-Xn-s\-°p-
dn®v N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I.
"sPm\m -Y≥ F∂ IS¬Im°'
kzmX¥yw F∂ Bi-b-sØbpw
Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-≠t√m? Cu ]th-iI
]h¿Ø-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®-bn¬
\n∂v kzmX¥yw F∂ Bi-b-Øn-
te°v FØn-t®-cmw.
˛ kzmX¥yw F∂Xv GsXms°
Xe-ß-fn¬ ]k-‡-amWv?
Ip´n-Iƒ ]Xn-I-c-W-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-
Ø-s´.
$ cmjvSo-b-amb kzmX¥yw
$ kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb kzmX¥yw
$ kvXo kzmX¥yw
$ Bhn-jvImc kzmX¥yw
$ hy‡n-bpsS kzmX¥yw
$
Ch-bn¬ GsXms° Xe-Øn-ep≈
kzmX-¥y-߃ Cu IY-bn¬ ]ta-b-
ambn hcp-∂p-≠v?
Ip´n-Iƒ IY kq£va-ambn hmbn-°-s´.
IYm-hm-b-\-bv°p-tijw s]mXp-N¿®-
bm-hmw.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 79
Ah-cpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°-s´.
]mT-]p -kvX-I-Ønse \mem-asØ
]h¿Ø\w CXns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn \S-
Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ "Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rcºv' F∂ IY-
bn¬ kzmX¥ykac Ncn-X-hp-
ambn _‘-s∏´v IS-∂p-h-cp∂
]cm-a¿i-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-
sW∂v Is≠-Ø-s´.
Xmsg \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ kqN-\-Iƒ
D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw.
$ BZysØ IY Fgp-Xp∂ ImeØv
`¿Ømhv Pbn-en-em-bn-cp-∂p.
$ h≈-tØm-ƒ h∂ Hcp ktΩ-f-\-
ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kzmX¥yw In´p-
∂-Xn\p apºv.
$ BZy-I-Y-bpsS ]ta-bw.
kvXokzm-X-¥y-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´
kqN-\-I-sfbpw CtX-t]mse Is≠-
Øm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. DZm:
$ ""s]Æm-bm¬ tNmdpw Idow
sh°-Ww, s]dWw''
$ ""Chn-Sp-sØ-bm-fpsS CjvSwt]m-
em-h-s´. F¥n-\m -sh-dpsX Hcp
Ie-i¬?''
Bhn-jvImc kzmX-¥y-\n-tj-[sØ
]cm-a¿in-°p∂ Fs¥ms° kqN-\-
Iƒ IY-bn¬\n∂v hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw.
$ AΩ ImWmsX IY Fgp-tX-
≠n-h∂ Ahÿ
$ I≈-t∏-cn¬ IY Fgp-Xnb
A\p-`hw
kzmX¥yw P\m-[n-]-Xy-t_m-[-hp-ambn
Cg-tN¿∂p \n¬°p∂ Hcp aqey-am-Wv.
tZi-Øns‚ kzmX¥yw, IpSpw-_-Øn-
\-IsØ kvXo]-Z-hn, kvXoI-fpsS
kzX-¥m-hn-jvIm-c-Øn-t\m-Sp≈ ]pcp-
j-∑m-cpsS kao-]\w XpS-ßnbh N¿®m-
hn-t[-b-am-°mw. IY-bpsS Imen-I-amb
]k-‡n-sb-°p-dn®v N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-
°pI-bpam-hmw.
hr≤-bv°p-≈-Xp-t]mse, ]d-bm-s\mcp
NcnXw ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bpsS ]Xn-\n[n
F∂ \ne-bn¬ IY-bnse s]¨Ip´n-
°p-apt≠m F∂ tNmZyw ¢mkn¬
N¿®-bv°mbn D∂-bn-°-Ww. XpS¿∂v
hr≤ Hm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ ]k-‡-amb
PohnX kµ¿`-߃ IY-bn¬ \n∂v
Is≠-Øp-I.
$ h≈-tØm-fns\ BZy-ambn
I≠Xv
$ hnhmlkµ¿`w
$
IY-bnse s]¨Ip´n°pw Hm¿sØ-
SpØv ]d-bm≥ CXp-t]m-ep≈ Pohn-Xm-
\p-`-h-ß-fmtWm D≠m-hpI?
Ip´n-Iƒ kzX-¥-ambn A`n-]mbw ]d-
b-s´. A\p- -h-߃ hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-sa-
¶nepw ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbv°pw Hm¿sØ-Sp-
°m\pw ]d-bm\pw Hcp Ncn-X-ap-≠m-
Ip-sa∂ Bi-b-Øn¬ N¿® tImUo-
I-cn -°-s∏-S-Ww. ]g-b-X-e--ap -dbv°v
amXta Ncn-Xm-\p-`-h-߃ ]d-bm-
\p≈q F∂ Aan-X-amb `qX-Im-e-c-Xn-
bn-te°v ¢mkv amdm-Xn-cn-°m≥ i≤n-
°-Ww. Hmtcm Xe-ap-dbv°pw P\-hn-`m-
K-Øn\pw Ah-cptSXmb Ncn-X-ap-
s≠∂ ]pXpt_m-[-Øn-te°v ¢mv
hf-c-Ww.
80 lb¿ sk°‚dn
thcp-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h¿
]mTm-]-K-Y\w
CeI-fmbv C\n \Ωƒ P\n-°p-sa-¶n¬
Htc hr£-Øn¬ ]nd-°Ww
F∂v F.A-ø-∏≥ (Bene) kz]v\w
ImWp-∂p-≠v. Ce-b-S-cp-Iƒ aÆn¬
ebn®p tN¿∂v ]p\¿÷-\n-°p∂
ImgvN F≥.-F.-\-ko-dns‚ thcp-Iƒ
\jvS-s∏-Sp -Øp-∂-h-cn -ep -≠v. CXv
ssPhn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb Hcp
]p\¿÷-\n-bpsS hnh-cWw IqSn-bm-Wv.
]IrXn Xcp∂ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈
kcf ]mT-߃ A\p-`-h-]-›m-Ø-e-
Øn-emWv \ko¿ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. aÆpw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep-≠m-bn-
cp∂ AKm-[-amb ]mc-kv]-cy-Øns‚
kPo-h-Nn -”-am-bmWv hr£-ßsf
\ko¿ ImWp-∂-Xv. thcp-I-fm-Is´
ChnsS kky-im-kvX-Ønse thcp-I-
fp-a-√. ImSpw \mSpw Np‰n-h-cp∂ ]pg-
bpsS IY-Iƒ hr£-߃°p ]I¿∂p
\¬Ip∂hfm-Wv. s]cp-a-g-bnepw ae-sh-
≈-∏m-®n-enepw \jvS-s∏-´p-t]m-hmsX
aÆns\ amtdm-S-W®v ImØp-t]m-cp∂
]W-bn-\n-bm-Wv.
\mw thcp-Iƒ sImØn-b-I-‰p-tºmƒ
HSp-hn-semcp \nanjw Xt∂m-sSm∏w
hf¿∂p-h∂ Iq´p-Imsc Ah-km-\-am-
sbm-∂p-t\m-°p∂ hr£-Øns‚ \ne-
hnfn teJ-I≥ tIƒ°p-∂p-≠v. Ombm-
K-l-W-Øn\p hg-ßmØ ImSns‚
AØcw ssPhnI ]`m-h-߃ \ko¿
Fgp-Øn¬ Bhm-ln-°p-∂p-≠v.
ImSns\°pdn-®p≈ A°m-Z-an-I-amb
Hcp ]T-\-a√ "thcp-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂-h¿" F∂ Cu teJ-\w. A\p-`-h-
ß-fmWv ChnsS sXfn-hp-Iƒ. sXm´pw
I≠pw tI´pw aWØpw Adn™Xns‚
s]mcpƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ ia-amWv
teJ-I≥ \S-Øp-∂-Xv. Bib KŸ-
ß-f-√, Nº\pw Ipam-c\pw Acp-Wm-N-
e-hp-amWv \ko-dn\v hgn-Im-´p-∂-Xv.
Im´n -te-°p≈ bmX-bn¬ F¥p-
sIm≠v thcp-Iƒ ][m-\-]-ta-b-am-
Ip∂p?
ImSv hen-sbmcp ]mT-im-e-bm-Wv. a\p-
jy-s\-°p-dn®v, Ncn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®v,
Pohn-X-Øns‚ A\p-kyq-Xn-sb-°p-
dns®ms°-bp≈ henb Z¿i-\-߃
ImSv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. thcp-Iƒ°v
teJ-\ -Øn¬ e`n -°p∂ A¿∞-
hym]vXn- h-ep-Xm-Wv. thcp-I-tfmfw
Xmgv∂m¬ amXta BIm-i-tØm-f-sa-
Øm≥ Ignbq F∂p teJ-I≥ kqNn-
∏n-°p-tºmƒ ImSp-X-cp∂ ]mT-ß-fpsS
am\-ho-b-am-\-߃ \ΩpsS i≤-bn¬
hcpw. thcp-Iƒ ChnsS Ncn-X-Øns‚
kaq-l-kvar-Xn-I-fpsSsbms° kqN-I-
ß-fmbn amdp-∂p.
\mw ]cn-N-bn-®p-t]m∂ a\p-jy-tI-µn-
X-amb ]]-©-t_m-[-a√ \ko¿ apt∂m-
´p-hbv-°p-∂Xv. AS-cp∂ Ce-I-tfm-fhpw
hogp-∂-a-c--tØm-fhpw amXta AhnsS
a\p-jy\pw ÿm\-ap-≈q.
]Ir-Xnsb a\p-jy-\p-th≠n \ne-
\n¿tØ-≠-XmWv Fs∂m-cp-hm-Z-hp-ap-
≠v. F∂m¬ \kodns‚ teJ-\-Øn¬
sXfn-bp-∂Xv a\p-jy-tI-µnX-amb
CØ-c-samcp ImgvN-∏m-S-√. AhnsS ac-
ßfpw Ah-bpsS thcp-Ifpw Ce-I-fp-
sa√mw ][m-\-am-hp-∂p. Imev]-\n-I-amb
Hcp ]Ir-Xym-cm-[-\-b-√n-Xv. ]Ir-Xn-
So®¿ sSIvÃv 81
bpsS t\c-dn-hn¬\n∂v k©-bn® ]mT-
ß-fm-Wv.
a\p-jy\pw ]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn CWßn
Pohn® Hcp Ime-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. (sNº-
\pw, Ipam-c-\psa√mw C∂v AXns‚
tijn-∏p-I-fm-Wv) Ncn-X-Øns‚ GtXm
L -Øn¬ ]Ir-Xnsb Iog-S-°pI F∂
lnwkm-fl-I-amb t_m[w ]mapJyw
t\Sn. \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS hnIm-k-am-bn-
cp∂p AXv. a\p-jy\pw ]Ir-Xn-bp-am-
bp≈ _‘-Øn¬ hn≈-ep-≠m-bn.
F¶nepw \jvS-s∏-´p-t]mb B ]mNo-
\-amb Im´p-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω
\ΩpsS tNmZ-\-I-fn¬ GsXm-s°tbm
cq]-Øn¬ IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂p-≠v. AXp
sIm≠mWv \Ωƒ Imhp-Iƒ krjvSn-
®-Xv. Im´n-te°p t]mIm≥ BK-ln-°p-
∂-Xv, ]qt¥m-´-ß-fp-≠m-°p-∂-Xv.
AXp-sIm≠v thcp-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈
At\z-jWw C∂p \ap°p \jvS-amb
]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈
]mc-kv]-cy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ At\z-j-W-
ambn amdp-∂p.
]mT`mKtØ°v
teJ\w Ip´n-I-sf-s°m≠v -hm-bn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xn\v ]kn-≤-amb ]g-sbmcp IY D]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Kpcp-Ip-e-]-T-\-Øn-\p-tijw ]ncn™p
t]mIp∂ injy-cn-sem-cmƒ BtX-b-
a-l¿jn-tbmSv h√Xpw Kpcp-Z-£n-W-
bmbn kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂t]£n-°p-
∂p. BZyw hnk-Ω-Xn® ap\n -in-jys‚
\n¿_-‘-Øn-\p-h-gßn Z£nW kzoI-
cn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-hp-∂p. Kpcp Bh-iy-
s∏-´-Xn-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]tXy-In-s®m-cp]-
tbm-Khp-an -√mØ \nm-c-am-sbmcp
sNSn. injy≥ bmX-]-d-™n-d-ßn.
shdp-samcp ]mgvs®Sn! FX \nm-c-
amb Z£n-W!
Hmtcm sNSn-°-cn-In-se-Øp-tºm-gpw
AXn\v Fs¥-¶nepw D]-tbmK-ap -
s≠∂v injy-\-dn-™p. A]-cn-Nn-X-amb
Hmtcm sNSn-sb-°p-dn®pw a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv
tNmZn -® -dn -™p. hfsc°mesØ
At\z-j-W-߃°pw Ae-®n-en\pw
tijw ZpxJnX-\mbn injy≥ Kpcp
k∂n-[n-bn-se-Øn. D]-tbm-K-an-√mØ
Hcp ]p¬s®-Sn-t]mepw Is≠-Øm≥
X\n°p Ign-™n- n-s√∂v thZ-\-tbmsS
Adn-bn-®p. Kpcp -hm-’-ey-tØmsS
injys\ Benw-K\w sNbvXp-sIm≠p
]d-™p. ]]-©-Øn¬ ]c-kv]-cm-t]-
£n-X-a-√mØ H∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂n√.
82 lb¿ sk°‚dn
\o t\Snb Cu Xncn-®-dn-hp-X-s∂-bmWv
F\n-°p≈ Z£nW.
Cu IY apt∂m-´p hbv-°p∂ Bi-b-
sa¥v? N¿®-sN-øp-I. kam-\-amb Bi-
b-߃ Xs∂-bmtWm thcp-Iƒ \jvS-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h¿ F∂ teJ-\-Øn¬
]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?
Ip´n-Iƒ thcp-Iƒ F∂ ]mT-`mKw
kqIvjva-ambn hmbn-°-s´.
tIµm-ibw Is≠Ømw
]mT-`m-K-Ønse tIµmi-b-߃ Ip´n-
I-fn-se-Øn-°m≥ Nne tNmZy-ß-fn-
eqsS IS∂p t]mIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
teJ-\-Øn¬ Nne a\p-jysc \ko¿
]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠-t√m. Ah¿°v
]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w Fßs\-bp-
≈-XmWv?
$ ]Ir-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn Ah¿
Xßsf ImWp-∂p.
$ ]Ir-Xn-tbmSv FXn-cn- √, CW-ßn-
bm-W-h-cpsS Pohn-Xw.
$ Ah-cpsS Pohn -Xm -h -iy -ß-
fpsSsbms° ]cn-lmcw ]Ir-Xn-
bn¬ Xs∂-bm-sW∂-h¿ a\-n-
em-°p∂p.
\ΩpsS ImgvN-∏mSv AXn¬\n∂pw n∂-
amtWm?
$ ]Ir-Xn- a-\p-jy-\p-th≠n
$ ]IrXn Iog-S-°m-\p≈XmWv
$ ]Ir-Xnsb A\y-ambn ImWp∂p
N¿®-I-fn-eqsS ]mT-hn-i-I-e-\-Øn¬
\¬Inb Bi-b-ß-fn-te°v FØn-t®-
cm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
tImUo-I-cWw
sNº-\pw- Ip-am-c\pw henb thcp-
Iƒ°nS-bn¬ hncn® Ce-°n-S-°-bn¬
InS-∂p-d-ßp-tºmƒ CXv hoS-s√∂
tXm∂-e-h¿°n-√. Acp-Wm-N-e-am-Is´
F¥n-\p-ta-Xn\pw Huj[w thcp-I-fn-
ep-s≠∂v Icp-Xp-∂-bm-fm-Wv. Abmsf
kw_-‘n®v thcp-Iƒ Pohn-XsØ
Xncn-®p-]n-Sn -°m-\p≈XpIqSn-bm-Wv.
]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ ]mc-kv]cyw ]mT-
]p-kvX-I-ß-fn¬\n∂-√ Ah¿ ]Tn-®Xv.
]Ir-Xn -tbm-Sn -Wßn Pohn® Hcp
hnZqc qX-Im-e-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω \Ωn-se-
√m-ap-≠v. AØ-c-samcp PohnXw \bn-
°p-∂-h-cm-Wn-h¿. ImSn-t\m-Sp≈ \mK-
cn-Is‚ CjvS-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ \jvS-s∏-
´p-t]mb B Ime-tØm-Sp≈ aa-X-Iq-Sn-
bp-≠v. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS Cu h\y-X-bn-
te°v, \njv°-f-¶-X-bn-te-°p≈ bmX-
Iƒ \ΩpsS thcp-Iƒ tXSn-bp≈
Xo¿∞bmX-I-fmbn amd-Ww. AtX
kabw B bmX-Iƒ ]Ir-Xn-bv°v ]cn-
t°-ev∏n-°m-sX-bp-amhWw.
Ip´n-Iƒ°v ImSv Fs¥∂v icn-bm-bn-
[m-cW e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ImSp-I-sf-
°p-dn-®p≈ tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\n-a-Iƒ,
t^mt´m-Km- p-Iƒ F∂nh ]Z¿in-∏n-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. (DZm: Planet Earth
kocn-knse Forest, \ko-dns‚ ImSn-s\-
°p-dn-®p≈ t^mt´m-Km- p-Iƒ apX-em-
b-h.) XpS¿∂v a\p-jy\pw ImSpw XΩn-
ep≈ _‘-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ eLq-]-\ym-
k-߃ cNn°-s´.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 83
N¿® sNøpI
BtX-b-ap\n injy\v ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-
SpØ ]mTw \mw I≠p. ]]-©-Øn¬
H∂pw Xs∂ \ncp]-tbmKambn \ne-
\n¬°p-∂n-√. F√mw ]Ir-Xn-bpsS
IÆn-I-fm-Wv. AS¿∂p hogp∂ Hcn-e-
t]mepw shdp-sX-bm-hp-∂n-√. AXv
]p\¿P-\n-bn-eqsS ho≠pw Ce-I-fmbn
amdm -\p -≈-Xm -Wv. Pohn -XØ-ns‚
Cusbmcp ss\c-¥cyw Ce-I-fpsS
Nob-enepw hf-am-I-enepw thcp-I-fn-
eqsS IS∂v ho≠pw Xfn-cp-I-fm-Ip-∂-
Xnepw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠-t√m.
\msa-t∏mgpw BIm-i-tØm-f-ap-b-cm≥
sImXn-°m-dp-≠v. thcp-Iƒ FX-ta¬
Bg-Ønepw ]c-∏nepw t]mIp-∂pthm
AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p-am-Xta ac-߃°v
BIm-i-tØ-°p-b-cm≥ ]‰q. ]Ir-Xn-
bnse \nKp-V-]m-T-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈
Xncn-®-dn-hn-eqsS amXta hnim-e-amb
temI-ß-fn-te°v \ap°v a\-p-sIm-≠p-
h-cm≥ ]‰q.
Nne tNmZy-ß-fm-Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Ce-I-fpsS AS-cp-I-sf-°p-dn®v teJ-\-
Øn-ep≈ kqN-\-I-sf-s¥√mamWv?
$ AgpIn Ipg-ºp-cq-]-Øn-emb acn®
Ce-Iƒ
$ AXn-\p-ap-I-fn¬ ]g-Inb Ce-I-fp-
sSbpw s]mSn™ Ce-I-fp-sSbpw
ASp°v.
$ ho≠pw apI-fn¬ s]mSn™p Zhn-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ce-Iƒ.
$ G‰hpw apI-fn¬ s]mgn-™p-hoWp
sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Ce-Iƒ.
Cu hnh-c-W-Ønse kq£va-X-sb-
¥mWv?
$ hyXy-kvX-amb AS-cp-Iƒ
$ Ah-bv°p- h∂ptN¿∂ cq]-am‰w
$ Ime-sØ-°p -dn -®p≈ kq£va -
t_m[w
s]mgn™p hogp∂ Ce Xmtg°v
Xmtg°v \oßn thcp-I-fn-eqsS IS∂v
ho≠pw Ce-I-fmbn amdp∂ PohnX
NIsØ°pdn-®p≈ Nn¥ Cu hnh-
cWw \ap°p \¬Ip-∂p.
$ BIm-i-tØm-f-ap -b-c-W-sa-¶n¬
_en-jvT-amb thcp-Iƒ thWw
F ∂ ] d - b p - ∂ - X n s e
HuNnXysa¥v?
$ thcv ASn-Ø-d-bmWv
$ ASn-Ø-d-bpsS i‡n-bmWv apI-fn-
te-°p≈ hf¿®
$ F√mw hen-s®-Sp-°p-∂Xv thcp-I-fn-
eq-sS-bmWv
BIm-isØ sXmSm-\m-bp∂ hr£-
Øns‚ Ic-߃ amXta \mw ImWp-
∂p-≈q. AXn-\-Sn-ÿm-\-amb _en-jvT-
amb thcp-Isf \mw ImWp-∂-tX-bn√.
AXns‚ ]m[m\yw a\-n-em-°p-∂n-
√. \mK-cn-I≥ Adp-Øp-am-‰n-bXv Cu
thcp-I-fm-Wv. ]Ir-Xn-tb¬∏n-°p∂
]e BLm-X-߃°pw Imc-W-am-Ip-
∂Xv Cu thc-dp-°-em-sW∂v \mw a\-
n-em-°p-∂n-√.
thcp -Iƒ \jvS -s∏ -Sp -∂-Xn -eqsS
PohnXØns‚ NmIn-I-amb k©m-c-
amWv A‰p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv.
84 lb¿ sk°‚dn
acw shdpw AtN-X-\-h-kvXp-hm-b√
Cu teJ\Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xv. sXfn-hp-Iƒ Is≠-Ømtam?
$ sh´n-ho-gvØp∂ ac-Øns‚ Zb-\o-
b-amb t\m´hpw hogvN-bpw.
$ thcp-Iƒ ]W-b-]q¿∆w ]md-Isf
Benw-K\w sNøp-∂-Xv.
$ Ce-Iƒ ]p\¿P∑w ]m]n-°p-∂-Xv.
$ X¬ÿm\Øv a\p-jysc H∂p
k¶ev]n®p t\m°q.
ac-WsØ AXn-Po-hn-°p∂ Pohn-X-
NIw Fßn-s\-bmWv Ce-I-fn-eqsS
hy‡-am-hp-∂Xv?
$ sImgn-™p-ho-gp∂ Ce-Iƒ.
$ ]e AScpI-fmbn ]Xnsb aÆn-te-
°-en™p tNcp∂ Ce-Iƒ.
$ thcp-IfneqsS ]p\¿P\n t\Sp∂
Ce-Iƒ...
CXv a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ NnXw
Xs∂-bt√. \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv?
Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS \nco-£-W-߃
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.
]]©Øns‚ Cu kzm`m-hn-I-Xmfw
BcmWv \in-∏n-°p-∂Xv? ]£n-ar-Km-
Zn-I-fmtWm?
A`n]mb߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠Xv:
hr£-߃ thcp -I -fn -eq -sS -bmWv
sh≈hpw hfhpw hen-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.
a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n®v Hm¿a-Iƒ
Ahs‚ thcp-I-fm-Wv. Ncn-X-Øns‚,
Hm¿Ω-I-fpsS _en-jvT-amb thcp-Iƒ
\jvS-s∏-´m¬ \Ωƒ shdpw s]mßp-
X-Sn-I-fmbn amdpw. B thcp-I-fnte°v
Xmgv∂m¬ amXta Db-c-ß-sf-Im-Wm≥
]‰q. `qX-Im-e-Øn¬, Ncn-X-Øn¬
Imep-d®p \n∂m¬ amXta `mhn-bpsS
BIm-i-ß-fn-te°v \ap°v apt∂-dm-\m-
hq. CXv ]IrXn \tΩmSv hr£-ß-fn-
eqsS ]d-bp∂ ]mT-am-Wv.
Bibw Is≠-ØpI
"" ImtS \n∂-I-f¶
lrZ-b-Øn-te-°p≈
KqVamw hgn-tb-sX
s∂\n°p Im´n-Ø-cq.''
(arKb ˛ H.F≥.-hn. Ipdp-∏v)
-˛ Cu hcn -I-fpsS kmam-\y -amb
A¿∞-Xew Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.
˛ ImSns‚ lrZbw F∂ ]tbmKw
sIm≠p e`n-°p∂ A¿∞-ß-sf-
s¥ms°?
$ ImSv ktN-X\amWv
$ ImSn\v t\mhp-Ifpw BÀm-Z-ß-fp-
ap≠v
$ \ΩpsS s]cp-am‰w Ah-bn¬ ]Xn-
I-c-W-ß-fp-≠m°pw
$ ImSn-\Iw AX AIf-¶-amtWm?
AhnsS h\y-X-I-fnt√? Iqc-X-I-
fnt√?
$ ImSv Hcp PohnX ÿe-amWv
$ Pohn -X-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏n-\p -
th≠nbp≈ kzm`m-hnI Ne-\-ß-
fmWv AhnsS kw`-hn-°p-∂-sXm-
s°-bpw.
$ Hcp P¥p as‰m∂ns\ sIm√p-I-
b√ Cc tXSp-I-bmWp sNøp-∂Xv
˛ ImtS F∂ kwt_m-[-\-bn¬ apg-
ßp∂ Ihn-bpsS at\m-`m-h-sa¥v?
Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-]mbw ]d-b-s´.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 85
hnfn-tIƒ°m-hp∂ H∂mWv ImSv F∂
t_m[w Xt∂-°mƒ tijvTamWv.
AI-f-¶-amWv ImSv. Xs‚ If¶w ap‰nb
\mK-cn-I-amb a\-n\v ImSns‚ lrZ-
b-Øn-te-°p≈ hgn-b-dn-bn-√.
˛ Xm≥ If-¶nX\msW∂ [z\n Ihn-
X-bn-ep-≠-t√m. Fs¥m-s°-bmWv
AXp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv?
$ \mK-cnI Pohn-Xw, AXym-K-lw,
sh´n-∏n-Sn-°¬, lnwkm-fl-I-X...
Xn∂m≥ th≠n-b-√msX sIm√p∂
P¥p a\p-jy≥ amX-am-Wv. Ic-Snbpw
Ip™pw teJ-I-\-cn-In-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-
bXv \mw I≠-Xm-Wv. ISp-h-b-S-°-ap≈
h\y-ar-K-ßsf ASpØp I≠ kµ¿`-
߃ \ko¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
kz¥w \ne-\n¬∏n¬ Bi-¶-bp-≠m-Im-
Øn-S-tØmfw Imew, As√-¶n¬ Cc-
tX-Sp-tºm-g-√msX Hcp Pnhnbpw as‰m-
∂ns\ BI-an-°p-∂n-√.
N¿®-Iƒ°ptijw ]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn
_‘-s∏´ Ihn-Xm- m-K-߃ Is≠Øn
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. ImSv, (Un.hn-\-b-N-
µ≥) `qan-s°mcp Nc-a-Ko-Xw, (H.F≥.-
hn.) ac-Øn\p kvXpXn (kpK-X-Ip-am-
cn) ]k--‡-ß-fmb CØcw Ihn-X-Iƒ
`mhm-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ip´n-
Iƒ ian-°-s´.
ImSp-ambn _‘-s∏´ t\cn-´p-≈-tXm
A√m-ØtXm Bb A\p- -h-߃ Ip´n-
Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.
AhX-c-W-an-I-hv, Ip´n-Iƒ°p-Xs∂
hne-bn-cp-Øm-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈p. kzm\p-`-
h-ß-tf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ XohX tI´-
dn™ A\p-`-h-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-
Xn¬ D≠m-tb-°mw.
A\p- -h-hn-h-c-W-ß-fn¬ kmam-\y-ambn
Fs¥ms° Imcy-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp∂p
F∂v Ip´n-Iƒ Nn¥n®p t\m°-s´.
$ ImSns‚ h\yX
$ h\y-ar-K-߃
$ a‰p Poh-Pm-e-߃
$ kz—-X, kuµcyw
$
h\-bmX
ImSv Iptd ac-ß-fpsS k©-b-a-√. AXv
hnkvX-cn®p Xo¿°m-\m-ImØ hen-sbm-
c-\p-`-h-am-Wv. ImSns‚ KqUX a\p-jy-
\n¬ krjvSn-°p-∂Xv `b-Øn-ep-]cn
h√m-sØm-cm-I¿jW-am-Wv. B \nKq-
V-X-I-fn¬ sNdn-sbm-cwiw shfn-s∏-
Sp-Øm-\mWv \ko-dn-s\-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿
ian-°p-∂-Xv. AXp t\cn- -\p- -hn-°m≥
Hcp h\-bmX Ip´n-Iƒ Bkq-XWw
sNø-s´.
ÿew, Xob-Xn, ka-bw, aps∂m-cp-°-
߃ CØcw Imcy-ß-sfms° Xocp-
am-\n-t°-≠Xv Ip´n-I-fpsS ]¶m-fn-Ø-
tØm-sS-bm-Wv. ÿe-Øns‚ khn-ti-
j-X -sb-°p -dn -®p≈ hnh-c -߃,
ap≥Iq´n Adn-bp-Ibpw ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ
kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw.
bmX-bn¬ ]men-t°≠ acym-Z-Iƒ
¢mkn¬ N¿® sNø-s∏-S-Ww.
"lnam-ebw Iog-S°n' F∂mWp \mw
]d-bm-dv. Cu ]tbm-K-Øn¬ Fs¥-
¶nepw A\u-Nn-Xy-apt≠m?
86 lb¿ sk°‚dn
Iog-S-°pI F∂-Xnse B[n-]Xy at\m-
`mhw \ΩpsS bmX-bn-ep-≠m-Im≥
]mSn√. bmX-Iƒ Iog-S-°m-\p-≈-X-√
Adn-bm\pw A\p- -hn-°m-\p-ap-≈-Xm-Wv.
ImSns\ aen-\s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv. ImSp
Xcp∂ ]mT-߃ hn\-b-]q¿∆w G‰p-
hm-ßm-\p≈ a\v \ap-°p-≠m-I-Ww.
ImSns‚ kzm`m-hn-Im-¥-co-£sØ XS-
-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ H∂pw \ΩpsS mKØp
\n∂p-≠m-I-cp-Xv.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠Xv:
$ t^mt´m-Km-^p-Iƒ bmYm¿∞y-
Øns‚ t\¿]I¿∏m-Wv.
$ ImS-\p-`hw `mj-bn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-
°p-tºmƒ `mh-\-bpsS \ndwIqSn
tNcp∂p.
$ sshIm-cn-I-X-bpsS kv]¿iw `mj-
bv°p≠v.
$ hyXy-kvX- m-h-߃ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-
tºmƒ `mjbv°v kw`-hn-°p∂ am‰w
t\c-sØ-]-d™ ImS-\p-`hw \ko-
dns‚ ImgvN-Iƒ hmbn-®m-kz-Zn-®-Xns‚
]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ FgpXn Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°-s´. anI-®-h-tN¿Øv ]Xn-∏m-
°mw.
h\-Zr-iy-߃ hc-bv°m-\pw, Iyma-d-
bn¬ ]I¿Øm-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-߃
Ip´n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°-s´. A]q¿∆-amb
ImgvN-Iƒ NnXo-I-cn®h Ip´n-Iƒ Xnc-
s™-Sp -°-s´. \ko¿ AS-°-ap≈
]ikvX t^mt´m-Km^¿am-sc-Sp-Ø-
hbpw Ip´n-I-sf-Sp-Ø-h-bp-amb t^mt´m-
Ifpw NnX-ßfpw Dƒs∏-SpØn Hcp
t^mt´m ]Z¿i\w kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I.
t^mt´mKm^n inev]ime
$ ]Ir-Xn-Zr-iy-ß-fpsS t^mt´m FSp-
°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚
apt∂m-Sn -bmbn ¢mkn¬ Hcp
t^mt´m-Km^n in¬]-ime kwL-
Sn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. e`y-amb GsX-
¶nepw \√ t^mt´m-Km-^-dpsS
tkh\w CXn-\mbn ]tbm-P-\-s∏-
Sp-Ømw. Fßs\ \√ t^mt´m
FSp°mw F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Ip´n-
Iƒ°v kmam-\y-[m-c-W-sb-¶n-ep-ap-
≠m-°m≥ CXn-eqsS km[n-°-Ww.
]Im-i-hn-\ym-kw, s^bvan-ßv,
tImtºm-kn-j≥, ]›m-Ø-esØ
A ¿ ∞ - ] q ¿ W - a m w - h n [ w
Dƒs°m≈n-°¬, Zriy-߃°v
A¿∞hpw Bghpw \¬I¬, F∂n-
ßs\ Ombm-K-l-W-I-e-bpsS
kmt¶-Xn-Ihpw kuµ-cy-]-c-hp-amb
hi-߃ in¬]-im-e-bn¬ hnj-b-
am-I-Ww.
Is≠-Ømw
F≥.-F.\-ko¿ Hcp t^mt´mKm^-dm-
Wv, F∂m¬ Iyma-dbv°p hg-ßmØ
Nne NnX-ß-fmWv teJ-\-Øn¬ Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Is≠-Øp-I.
Ch-bn¬ ac-߃°pw thcp-Iƒ°p-
sams° am\p-j- mhw I¬∏n-°p∂ mK-
߃ GsXm-s°-bp≠v?
$ ac-Øns‚ hogvN ]d-bp-∂-Xv
$ Ce-I-fpsS ]p\¿P\n
$ thcp-I-fpsS Bt«jw
$
So®¿ sSIvÃv 87
-˛ Ce-I-sf-°p-dn®pw thcp-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-
ap≈ Nne hnh-c-W-߃ Zm¿i-\n-
I-amb Hcp Xe-Øn-te°p hnI-kn-
°p∂ kµ¿`-߃ Is≠-Øm-\m-
hptam?
$ Ce-Iƒ thcp-I-fn-eqsS ]p\¿ P\n-
°p-∂-Xv.
$ thcp-I-fpsS Bg-Øn-te°p≈
t]m°v Ce-Iƒ°v BIm-
isØsØmSm≥ klm-b-I-am-
hp-∂-Xv.
$
a’yw
]mTm-]-K-Y\w
]pXp-I-hn-X-I-fpsS ]ta-b-]-c-amb Nne
km[y-X-Iƒ Bcm-bp∂ Ihn-X-bmWv
Sn.]n.-cm-Po-hs‚ "a’yw' F∂ Ihn-X.
sNdp-Xp-I-fpsS AXn-Po-h-\-i-a-ßfpw
Ah-\-hs‚ hn[n \n¿W-bn-°p-hm-
\p≈ kzbw ]cym-]vX-amb ]nS-®n-ep-
Ifpw B[p-\n-Im-\-¥-c-amb Imhy-co-Xn-
I-tfmSv tN¿∂p-\n-∂p-sIm≠v a’y-
Øn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. B[p-
\nI IhnXmkao-]-\-tØmSv k¿§m-fl-
I-ambn Ie-ln®p sIm≠mWv ]pXp-I-
hnX (DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-I-hn-X) cwK-sØ-
Øn-bX.v B[p-\nI Ihn-X-I-fn¬ Hcp
]tXyI Z¿i-\-tØm-Sp≈ B`n-apJyw
ImWmw. Nqj-W-Øn-s\-Xnsc ASna
h¿§-Øns‚ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]v IS-
Ω-\n- -bpsS "IpdØn'bnep-≠v. F∂m¬
]pXp-I-hnX GsX-¶nepw Z¿i-\-Øns‚
hnP-b-Øn-\mbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂n-√.
""F√p-s]m-°n-b-tKm-]p-c-߃
IW°p Rß-fp-b¿∂nSp'' sa∂
DØ-cm-[p-\nI IhnX
] n¬°m -e - a p -X - e m - f n -Ø -Øns‚kmwkvIm-cnI bp‡n-bmWv DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX F∂mWv s^U-dnIv Pbnw-k¨ F∂ Nn¥-I≥ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. D]-t`mK kaq-lw, am[y-a-k-aq-lw, Ce-IvtSm -WnIv kaq -lw,C≥^¿ta-j≥ kaqlw XpS-ßnbhnti-j-W-߃ DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-Xbv°v\¬In-bn- p-≠v. B[p-\n-I-X-bv°p-tijwBtKm-f-hym-]-I-ambn Pohn-X-Øns‚ka-kvX-ta-J-e-I-sfbpw kzm[o-\n®Hcp kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-bmWv DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-X. kaq-l-sØ-sb-∂-t]mseIe-I-sfbpw DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-X-bpsSkmwkvIm-cn-I-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ kzm[o-\n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 1990 Iƒ°p-tijwae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬ cq]-˛-`m-h-X-e-ß-fn¬ kw`-hn® ]cn-Wm-a-߃ DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Imhy-kz- m-h-߃ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.
kq£va \nco-£-Ww, Xpd∂ BJym-\w, GI-tI- µ -Øns‚ A`m -hw,\yqt\m-‡n, emfn-Xyw, Zriy-]-c-X, ]mc-Un, B[n-Im-cn-I-X-bpsS Xnc-kvIm-cw,hyh-ÿm-]nX aqey-ß-fpsS \ntj-[w,hnL-Sn-X-Nn-¥-Iƒ XpS-ßnb \nc-h[nkz`m-h-߃ ae-bm-f-Ønse ]pXp-I-hn-X-bp-tS-Xmbn AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏- n- p-≠v. sI.F.P-b-io-e≥, sI.B¿.-tSm-Wn,A≥h¿ Aen, ]n.cm-a≥, Fkv. tPmk-^v, Sn.]n. cmPo-h≥, ]n.F≥ tKm]o-IrjvW≥, hocm≥Ip´n, taml-\-Ir-jvW≥ ImeSn XpS-ßnb Ihn-I-fmWvae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]pXp-I-hn-Xm-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ BZy-]-Yn-I¿. ]n∂o-Sn-tßm´v\nc-h[n Ihn-Iƒ \ho-\-amb Imhy-`m-hp-I-XzsØ Bhn-jvI-cn-®p-sIm≠vcN-\-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
88 lb¿ sk°‚dn
"IpdØn'bn-te-Xp-t]mse Blzm\
kz`m-h-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ ]pXp-I-hnX ]¶p-
h-bv°p-∂n-√. adn®v kmaq-ln-I-amb
]iv\-ß-sfbpw ]ta-b-ß-sfbpw
hfsc \nw-K-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-∂p.
]iv\sØ Xoh -X -tbmsSbpw
Xo£vW-X-tbm-sSbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-
∂p. At∏mgpw ]cn-lm-c-\n¿t±-i-߃
]d™v AXn-en-S-s]-S-W-sa∂v Bsc-
bp-aXv t]cn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. ]iv\-Øns‚
kq£va-Xew A\m-hr-X-am-°p∂p F∂p
amXw.
]pXpIhn-X-bn¬ Imhy- m-j -am-dp-∂p-≠v.
_nw_-ß-fmepw Imhy -ap - Z -bp≈
]tbm-K-ß-fmepw kar-≤-am-bn-cp∂
B[p -\nI Imhy -`mj hgn -am -d n -
\nev°p∂p. XnI®pw kpXm-cyhpw efn-
X-hp-amb `mjbpw BJym-\-co-Xnbpw
IS-∂p-hcp-∂p. ]e L -ß-fnepw ]pXp-
I-hnX Acn-Ip-]-‰n-\n∂ Pohn-X-ßsf
Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ ian-®p. B[p-\n-I-
X-bpsS a\pjy k¶-ev]-Øn\p ]Icw
PohnXw F∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sns\ AXv
apdpsI ]nSn -®p. henb BJym-\-
߃°p ]Icw Xosc sNdnb BJym-
\-ß-fn-te-°Xv Ifw-am-‰n. Sn.]n. cmPo-
hs‚ "a’y'Øn¬ ]pXpIhn-X-bpsS
\nc-h[n khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ A¥¿eo-\-
am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS hnP-
b-sØ-°p-dn®pw ^e-]m-]vXn-sb°p-dn-
®p-ap≈ Ahn-izmkw ]pXpImekmln-
Xy-Ønse apJy-N¿®mhnj-b-am-Wv.
alm-Jym-\-ß-fpsS XI¿® DØ-cm-[p-
\nI ]ta-b-ß-fn-sem-∂m-W-t√m. H‰-
s∏´p t]mIp-∂-Xns‚ Ac-£n-Xm-h-
ÿbpw H‰-bv°m-sW-¶nepw s]mcpXn
AXn-Po-hn-°m-\p≈ ia-ßfpw C°m-
esØ a\p-jys‚ ]tXy-I-X-I-fm-Wv.
hyh-ÿ-tbmSv ]pdØp\n∂v s]mcp-
XpI F∂Xpw hyh-ÿ-bv°-IØp
\n∂v t]mc-Sn-°p-I- F-∂Xpw hyh-
ÿsb XI¿Øv ]pd-tØbv°p hcpI
F∂Xpw t]mcm-´ -Øns‚ hyXy-
kvXkm[y-XI-fm-Wv. IS¯n-c-tbmSv
H‰bv°p s]mcpXn \n¬°m≥ a’y-
Øn\p Ign-bp-∂p. GXp Xc-Øn-ep≈
apt∂-‰-߃°pw Ah-t\m-sSm-∏-sa-
Øm≥ Ign-™n√. ]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS
A]-bm-\-ßfpw XI¿®bpw Ahs\
_m[n-®-tX-bn-√. B¿°pw ]nSn-sIm-Sp-
°mØ kzXz-am-bn-cp∂p a’y-Øn-t‚Xv.
]pXnb Ime-Øns‚ ]iv\-ßsf kXy-k-‘hpw EPp-hp-amb coXn-bn¬ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ apsº--tØ-°m-fp-a-[nIw P\-Io-bhpw kzoIm-cy-hp-ambn amdp-∂p-≠v. CXp-hsc s]mXp-[m-c-bn¬ CSw-In-´m-sX-t]mb A\p-`-h-ßfpw a\p-jycpw ]Ir-Xn-bpw H´pwBe-¶m-cn-I-X-I-fn-√msX ]pXp-I-hn-X-I-fn¬ CSw t\Sp-∂p. alm-Jym-\-ß-fn-ep≈ Ahn-izm-khpw iI-eo-I-cn-°-s∏´Bi-b-tem-Ihpw sNdp-Xp-I-fpsSAXn-Po-h-\-km-[y-X-Ifpw \ypt\m-‡nbpw ]pXp-I-hn-X-I-fpsS apJ-ap-Z-I-fmWv.
hnh-c--km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS hym]\w,tªmKv, t^kv_p°v t]mep≈ \h-am-[y-a-ß-fp-tSXpw Hm¨sse≥ ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fp-tS-Xp-amb ]pXnb Xpd-p-Iƒ km[y-am-°n-b-tXmsS ssk_¿kvt]kv D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ Ihn-X-I-fpsS kzX-¥-ambBhn-jvIm-c-߃ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. \ho-\-amb Hcp Imhy-kw-kvIm-chpw mhp-IXzNe-\hpw ssk_¿ CS-ØnseIhn-Iƒ krjvSn-°p-∂p-≠v.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 89
B¿°pw Iogvs∏-Sp-Ømt\m \in-∏n-
°mt\m Ign-bmØ \n›-b-Zm¿Vyhpw
NXnbpw h©-\bpw Xncn-®-dn™v c£-
s∏-Sm-\p≈ kma¿∞yhpw a’y-Øn-\p-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ChnsS a’yw ]Xo-Im-
fl-I-`wKn ssIh-cn-°p-∂p.
he-°-Æn, Nq≠-s°m-fp-Øv, hmbvØe
XpS-ßnb sIWn-bp-sSbpw NXn-bp-
sSbpw BI-a-W-Øn-s‚bpw Nn”-߃
Ihn-X-bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp -∂p-≠v.
CsX√mw th´-°m-c-\pambn _‘-s∏-
´-Xm-Wv. Ch-bn¬ \ns∂√mw c£-
s∏Sm\p≈ hg°w Cc-bmb a’yw
t\Sn-bn-cp -∂p. kzbw sNdp-Xmbpw
hf™pw thKw Iq´nbpw th -°m-cpsS
BI-a-W-Øn¬\n∂v a’yw c£-s∏-
´psIm≠n -cp -∂p. \ne -\n¬°p∂
hyhÿ hy‡n-Isf AXn-\-ItØ°v
BKn-cWw sNøm≥ ]e a´nepw ian-
®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw. hyXn-cn-‡-amb
\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw kzIo-b-amb ImgvN-∏m-
Sp-I-fp-ap≈ H‰-s∏´ hy‡n-Iƒ°p
amXta A]m-c-amb Bfl-hn-izm-k-
tØmsS CXn¬\n∂v IpXdn amdm≥
Ign-bq. Xs‚ hn[n kzbw Xocp-am-\n-
°m≥ C—-mi-‡n-bp≈ hy‡n-Ifpw
thdn´ Z¿i-\ -ß-fm¬ ASn -Ød
\n¿Ωn® ]ÿm-\-ßfpw F√m-Øcw
BI-a-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw c£-s∏´v
Xß-fpsS AkvXnXzw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p.
F√m-‰n-t\mSpw cmPn-bm-hpI F∂Xpw
hg-ßn-s°m-Sp-°pI F∂Xpw B[p-\nI
a\p-jys‚ kz`m-h-ß-fmbn amdp-∂p-≠v.
"F∂psSsbm® tI´pthm thdn v' F∂
Bfl-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ kzc-߃ A]-
Xy-£-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn -°p-I-bm-Wv.
B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c kmaq-ly-I-a-߃
a\p-jys‚ ssPhn-Ihpw kzX¥-hp-
amb \ne-\n-ev∏p-t]mepw A\p-h-Zn-
°mØ hn[-Øn¬ Ahs\ \nm-c-
\m°n am‰p-∂p. CXn-s\-Xnsc Zp¿_e-
sc∂ apZ-t]-dp-∂-h¿ \bn-°p∂ AXn-
Po-h\ ka-c-߃ hnP-bn-°p∂ Imew
IqSn-bm-WnXv F∂v Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-
≠v.
hy‡n -I -fpsS A]-Zm -\ -߃
hmgvØnbpw Ahsc BZ¿i-h¬°-
cn®pw Ncn-X-Øn¬\n∂v \njvImk\w
sNømw. IY-I-fnse IYm-]m-X-ß-fmbn
amXw Ah¿ `mhn-bn¬ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-
Ø-s∏-t -°mw. F∂m¬ a’yw CXn\p
]nSn-sIm-Sp-°p-∂n-√. ImgvNbv°v ]m[m-
\y-ap≈ \mK-cn-I-X-bmWv C∂v hf¿∂p
hcp-∂-Xv. AbY¿∞hpw hymP-hp-amb
]Xn-_nw-_-߃ krjvSn-°pI F∂Xv
"]XoXn bmYm¿∞y' Øns‚
ImesØ kz`m-h-am-Wv. AØcw sI´p-
Im-gvN-I-fpsS Cc-bm-hm\pw Ihn-X-
bnse a’yw Xbm-dm-hp-∂n-√. hn]-Wn-
°mWv ]pXnb ImeØv ]map-Jyw.
AXns‚ ]tem-`\-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-
°m≥ Ign-bpI F∂Xv Ffp-∏-a-√.
Gsd hmN-I-an-Sp°pw sabvhg°hpw
Im]-Sy-hp-ap-≈-h¿°p-amXw hnP-bn-°p-
hm≥ Ign-bp∂ hn]-Wn-bn¬ CXn-√m-
Ø-h¿ \mWw sISpw. AXns‚ ]tem-
`-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v a’yw c£-s∏-Sp-∂p.
amX-a-√, am¿°-‰n¬ hnP-bn-°m-hp-∂-
X-c-Øn-ep≈ hep-∏hpw Cu a’y-Øn-
\n-√-t√m. sI´p-Im-gvN-I-fpsS temIw
a’y-Øn\v A\y-am-bn-cp-∂p.
IS-emWv a’y-Øns‚ ssPhn-I-amb
temIw. AXns‚ h\y-amb A¥¿tem-
IØv, \nm-chpw eLp-hp-amb Pohn-
90 lb¿ sk°‚dn
X-ap-≈-h-s\-¶nepw AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-\m-
bp≈ ia-߃°n-S-bn¬ B[nbpw
Bi-¶-bp-ambn HmSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-
bmWv a’yw. Xnf-®p-a-dn-bp-Ibpw `m¥-
amb lnwkm -fl-IXzw ]I-Sn -∏n -
°pIbpw sNøp∂ IS-en-\-IØv Htc
kabw \ne-\n-ev]n-\mbn s]mcp-Xp-
Ibpw AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-\mbn ian-°p-
Ibpw sNøp∂p a’yw. IS-en\v
Bghpw ]c-∏p-ap-≠v. A[n-Im-c-hy-h-ÿ-
bpsS ]XoIw Xs∂-bmWv Cu IS¬.
F√m-Øn-t\mSpw ka-c -k-s∏-Sm≥
\tΩmSv \nc-¥cw kwkm-cn-°p∂ Hcp
hnim-e-X-bm-Wn-Xv. Hcp hep-Xns\
kqNn-s∏m-s´∂ sNdpXv BI-an-°p-∂p.
Ihn-X-bn¬ a’yw kqNn-s∏m- mbn amdp-
∂p-≠-t√m.Np´p-]-gpØ kqNnbpsS
Nph∏v IS-emsI hym]n-°p-∂p. sNdpXv
hep-Xns‚ \ndw Xs∂ am‰p-∂p.
hyh-ÿ-bpsS Cc-I-fmbn amdp∂ a\p-
jysc kw_-‘n®v, X߃ t\cn-Sm≥
t]mIp∂ hn]-Øn-s\-°p-dnt®m t\cn-
´n-cn-°p∂ kzmX¥y \jvS-sØ-°p-
dnt®m Adn-b-W-sa-∂n-√. XßfpsS
Bfl-_-ehpw C—m-i-‡nbpw D]-tbm-
Kn®v kzmX-¥ysØ kwc-£n-°m-\p≈
Ah-km\ ]nS-®n¬ Ah¿ \S-Øn-s°m-
t≠-bn-cn-°pw.
IS-en-s\bpw a’y-sØbpw ]Xo-I-ß-
fmbn I≠v At\Iw A¿∞-X-e-ß-fn-
te°v hnI-kn-∏n-°m-hp∂ hymJym-\-
km-[yX Cu Ihn-X-bv°p-≠v. ]Xo-I-
ß-fpsS Hcp hyh-ÿ-bmWv IhnX
F∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ "a’y'sØ ]e-
Xcw hmb-\-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-am-°m-hp-∂-
Xm-Wv. B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c hna¿i-\-
Øns‚ `mK-ambn ]N-cn® ]mcm-bW
coXn-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Cu Ihn-
Xsb kao-]n---°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Nn”
hn⁄m-\obw (semiotics) A]-
\n¿ΩmWw (De-construct ion)
kmwkvIm-cnI hna¿i\w (cultural
studies) XpS-ßnb hn⁄m-\-ta-J-e-I-
fpsS hmb\mkt¶-X-߃ "a’y'-
Øns‚ hmb-\-bn¬ ]pXnb A¿∞-X-
e-߃ krjvSn-°pw.
A¿∞-Xew Is≠-ØpI
$ kzmX-¥y-sØ-°p-dn-®v ]e-X-e-
ß-fn-ep≈ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-ƒ "Hm¿Ω-
bpsS Rcºv' F∂ sNdp-I-Y-bn¬ ]cn-
N-b-s∏-´n´p≠v. sI.Pn.-i-¶-c-∏n-≈-bpsS
"Xnc-kvImc' Ønse Im°sb DZm-l-
c-W-am-sb-SpØv kzmX-¥y-sØ-∏-‰n-
bp≈ ho£-WsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-hp-
∂-Xm-Wv. tImgn, Im° F∂o ]Xo-I-
ßsf Ihn Fß-s\-bmWv Ihn-X-bn¬
D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂Xpw hni-
Z-am-°mw.
]Z-߃°v kmam\y hyh-lm-c-Øn-
ep≈ A¿∞-a√ Ihn-X-bn¬ D≈-Xv.
F¶n¬ a’y-Øn\v Cu Ihn-X-bn¬
Iev∏n-°m-hp∂ A¿∞-߃ F¥v?
Ip´n-Iƒ \nK-a-\-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.
$ kzmX-¥y-Zm-ln-bmb hy‡n
$ GIm-In-bmb t]mcmfn
$ sNdpØp \n¬∏v
$
So®¿ sSIvÃv 91
CØcw Bi-b-߃ kwK-ln-°-s∏-S-
s´.
kzmX-¥ysØ l\n-°p∂ LS-I-ß-
sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kqN-\-Iƒ a’yw F∂
Ihn-X-bn¬\n∂v Is≠-Øm-\m-h-iy-s∏-
Sp-∂p.
$ he-°-Æn-Iƒ
$ Nq≠-s°m-fp-Øp-Iƒ
$ hmbvØ-e.
CØcw Bi-b-߃ \nK-a-\-ß-fmbn
hcmw.
kzX-¥-\mb a\p-jys\ AI-s∏-Sp-
Øm≥ ImØn-cn-°p-∂Xv Fs¥m-s°-
bmWv?
$ he-°-Æn-I-fn¬ Adn-bmsX sN∂p-
s]-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
$ Nq≠-s°m-fp-Øp-Iƒ BI¿jn®v
\in-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.
$ hmbvØe t\cn v A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂-h-bm-Wv.
GXp sNdpØp\n¬∏ns\bpw C√mbva
sNøm-\p≈ hnZy-Iƒ ]pXnb temI-
Iaw hnZ-Kv[-ambn Bkq-XWw sNøp-
∂p-≠v. CXn¬\n∂v c£-s∏SpI Ffp-
∏-a√. F∂m¬ sNdnb a’yw AXn-
\p≈ t]mcm-´-Øn-em-Wv.
kmam -\ym¿∞-Øn¬\n∂v hnti-
jm¿∞-Øn-te°v ]cn -W-an -°p∂
hm°p-I-fmWv Ihn-X-bp-tS-Xv. Hcp kqN-
I-Øn¬\n∂v At\Iw kqNn-Xß-fn-
te°v hmb-\-°msc \bn-°m-\p≈
tijn-bmWv Ihn-X-Iƒ°v \m\m¿∞-
km-[y-XIƒ \¬Ip∂-Xv. hyXykvX
kµ¿`-ß-fmWv (context) hyXykvX
]mT-߃ (text) Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xv
F∂¿∞w. hmbn-°p∂ hy‡n, Ime-
L- w, tZi-t -Z-߃, kmaq-ln-I-k-µ¿ -
߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-b-\p-k-cn®v Ihn-X-
bnse ]Z-߃°pw _nw_-߃°pw
A¿∞-hy-Xym-k-߃ hcmw.
apI-fn¬ sImSpØ ]Z-ß-ƒ°v Ihn-X-
bn¬ ssIh-cp∂ khn-tij-amb
A¿∞-X-e-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-tXm-
sSm∏w IqSp -X¬ ]tbm -K -߃
Is≠Øn hymJym-\n-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-
Smw
hni-I-e\w
$ Xs‚ mK-t[-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ D¬I-
WvT-tbmsS kzbw X]n-®v, Akz-ÿ-
amb a\-tmsS k©-cn-°p∂ a’y-
Øns‚ Hcp CtaPv Ihn Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°p-∂p-≠v. AXns‚ Bhm-k-tem-Ihpw
AX-ta¬ CfIn adn -bp -∂p-ap -≠v.
GsX√mw ]Xo-I-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Cu
Ahÿ Ihn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂v
Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.
$ a’y-Øns‚ Ah-ÿsb Bk-∂-
amb hn\m-i-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ B[n-
bmbn ImWm≥ Ign-bptam? AX-√,
AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ km[yX Ihn-X-
bn¬ kqNn-X-am-Ip-∂pt≠m? N¿®
\SØn A`n-]m-b-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-
s´.
CØcw hnj-b-߃ D∂-bn-°p-∂Xv
Imhy-`m-K-Øns‚ [z\nkuµ-cy-Øn-
te°v Ip´n-Isf \bn-°m≥ DX-Ipw.
F∂m¬ thZ-\-I-sfbpw Akz-ÿ-X-I-
sfbpw i‡n-bm°n am‰m -\p≈
Du¿÷hpw AXns\ ]Xntcm[-
92 lb¿ sk°‚dn
Øns‚ at\m-Zm¿Vy-Øn-te°v ]cn-
h¿Øn-∏n-°m-\p≈ IcpØpw CXnse
a’yw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. Ihn-X-
bn¬Øs∂-bp≈ kqN-\-Iƒ hymJym-
\n®v C°mcyw hni-Z-am-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ he-°-Æn-I-fn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sp∂
a’yw
$ [ph-߃°v ac-hn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-
bmØ i‡n
$ Hcp N¥-bnepw \mWw sISm≥
\n¬°mØ Bfl-_ew
$
ta¬s°m-SpØ kqN-\-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-
s∏-SpØn, a’yw ]Xn-\o-[n-I-cn-°p∂
]Xn-tcm-[-Øn-s‚bpw sNdp-Øp-\n-ev]n-
s‚bpw AP-ø-amb `mh-ßsf Ihn-X-
bn¬ Bhn -jvI -cn -® -sX-ßs\
F∂Xns\-°p-dn®v hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v
Xbm-dm-°p-I.
Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v
]pXp -I -hn -X -bpsS BJym -\ -co -Xn
ap≥Ime Ihn-X-I-fn¬\n∂v ]e-X-c-
Øn¬ hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.
]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \¬In-bn-´p≈
h≈-tØm-fns‚ hcn-Iƒ CuW-Øn¬
sNm√n-s°m-Sp-°mw. Ihn-X-bpsS ASn-
ÿm\ kz`m-h-ßsf ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Øm≥
Bh-iy-s∏Smw.
$ hrØw
$ Xmfw/CuWw
$ Z¿i\w
$ ]kvXm-h\mkz`mhw
$ ]`m-jW]cX
$ Ae-¶mcw
GXm\pw ]pXp-I-hn-X-Iƒ IqSn ]cn-N-
b-s∏-Sp-Ø-mw. Ah-bpsS \ho-\-amb
BJym-\-coXn Ip´n-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°-
Ww. A\m¿`m-S-amb `mj, efn-X-amb
]Z-߃, hm°p-I-fnse anX-Xzw, ]`m-
j-W-]-c-X-bpsS A`m-hw, kmam-\y-hy-
h-lm-c-ß-fnse mtjm-]tbm-Kw, ]Xo-
Im-fl-IXzw XpS-ßnb ]tXy-I-X-I-fn-
eq-∂n-bp≈ N¿®-bmWv \S-tØ-≠-Xv.
Imhy- m-j-bp-sSbpw BJym-\-co-Xn-I-fp-
sSbpw `mhp-I-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-Wm-a-
߃°p \nZm-\-amb kmaq-lnI am‰-
sØbpw kqNn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. henb
cmjvSob ]am-W-ß-fn-ep≈ Ahn-izm-
kw, ]mtZ-in-I-amb sNdp-Øp-\n-ev]p-
Iƒ°p e`n® ]m[m-\yw, ssZ\w-Zn\
kw`-h-ß-sfbpw kq£vam-\p-`q-Xn-I-
sfbpw Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\p≈ Xzc, Pohn-
X-Øns‚ s]mXp-[m-c-bn¬ CSw In´m-
sX-t]m-b-h-cpsS Pohn-X-߃°pw Ah-
cpsS mjbv°pw e`n® ]cn-K-W\ XpS-
ßnb ][m\ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ kqNn-
∏n-°-Ww.
"kµ¿i\w' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ CØcw
kz`m-h-߃°v CSw In´n-bn-´pt≠m
F∂v ]cntim[n°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw.
N¿®-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Bhn-jv°m-
c-co-Xn-bnse hyXy-kvX-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v
Xmc-Xayw \SØn Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°-
Ww.
a’yw F∂ ]Zw AXns‚ tIh-
em¿∞-Øn-emtWm Cu Ihn-X-bn¬
D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v Bcm-bp-
So®¿ sSIvÃv 93
∂p. As√-¶n¬ GsX√mw Bi-b-ß-
fn-te°v AXv hnI-kn-®n-´p≠v F∂v
Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p.
$ kaqlw F∂ hyh-ÿ-bv°-
IsØ H‰-s∏´ hy‡n
$ sNdn-b-h-cpsS ]Xn-tcm[ k÷-
amb a\v
$
Cß-s\-bp≈ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ Ah-X-
cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v "a’yw' F∂ Ihn-
Xbv°v Hcp Bkzm-Z-\-]-T\w Xbm-dm-
°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. .
Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rcºv F∂ sNdp-I-Y-
bpsS ASn-ÿm\ ]tabw kzmX¥yw
F∂ Bi-b-hp -ambn _‘-s∏´p
\n¬°p-∂-Xm-Wv. tZiw, hy‡n, kvXo
XpS-ßn-bh ]¶phbv°p∂ kzmX-¥y-
t_m-[-amWv Cu IY-bn¬ N¿®m-hn-j-
b-am-Ip-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ BXy-¥n-I-ambn
kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ A¥pw A`n-am-\-
t_m-[hpw Xs∂bmWv ChnsS [z\n-
°p-∂-Xv. kzmX¥yw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv
tZi-Øn-\m-bmepw hy‡n-Iƒ°m-
bmepw ASn-aØw Xs∂bmWv. ASn-
aØw ]e cq]-Øn¬ hcmw. A[n-\n-
th-i-Øns‚ cq]-Ønepw ]pcp-jm-[n-Im-
c-Øns‚ cq]-Ønepw IS-∂p-h-t∂-°mw.
ASn-aØw \¬Ip∂ Akz-ÿ-X-Ifpw
s]mdp-Xn-tI-Sp-Ifpw Hm¿ΩbpsS Rc-
ºnse hr≤-tbbpw s]¨Ip-´n-sbbpw
DS-\ofw Aim-¥-cm-°p-∂p-≠v.
CØcw Hc-\p-`hw a’yw t\cn-Sp-
∂pt≠m F∂ tNmZyw D∂-bn-°mw.
A[n-\n-th-i-Øns‚ IS-∂p-h-c-hns\
a’y-Øns‚ kzmX-¥y-Zm-ln-bmb
a\v Fß-s\-bmWv A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-
∂Xv F∂ tNmZy-Øn-eqsS sNdp-Øp-
\nev]v F∂ Bi-b-Øn-te°v Ip´nsb
\bn-°mw. "Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rc-ºn¬
CØcw sNdpØp \n¬∏p-I-fpsS
Fs¥-¶nepw kqN-\-I-fpt≠m F∂p
Ip´n-Iƒ At\z-jn®v Is≠-Ø-s´.
$ CØcw N¿®-I-fn¬\n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn-
bp∂ Bi-b-߃ tN¿Øpsh®v Hcp
Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.
hne-bn-cp-ج kqN-I-߃
$ Bi-b-[m-cW
$ Ah-X-c-W-an-Ihv
$ `mjm-]-c-ambanIhv
hn`-‡n-sb-s¥∂pw hn`-‡n-]-Xy-
bØns‚ [¿a-sa-s¥∂pap≈ kmam-\y-
[mW Ip´n-I-fn-se-Øn°p-I-bmWv Cu
]¿Ø-\-Øns‚ e£yw
aq∂p hmIy-ß-fn-se-bpw \ma-cq-]-߃
Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´
hmIy-Øn¬ \ma-cq-]-߃ kzX¥-
ambn \ne-°p-I-bmtWm
\ma-cq-]߃ hmIy-Ønse a‰v ]Z-ß-
tfmSp tNcp∂Xv Nne ]Xy-b-ß-fpsS
klm-b-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. GsXms° hn -
‡n-]-Xy-b-ß-fmWv aq∂p hmIy-ß-fn-
epap-≈-Xv.
cma≥Ip´n + °v
Nµ-\-Øncn + DsS
°v, DsS F∂nh c≠pw \ma-ßse
hmIy-L-S-\-bp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂
94 lb¿ sk°‚dn
]Xyb-cq-]-ß-fm-Wv. °v F∂Xv icn-
bmb ]Xy-b-cq-]-a-s√∂v t_m[y-s∏-
Sp-Øp∂-Xm-Wv. hn`-‡n-]-Xy-b-ß-fn-
√msX \ma߃ kzX-¥-cq-]-ambn
\nevIp∂ GXm\pw DZm-l-c-W-߃
Ip´n-Iƒ°v \evIp-I.
hr≤, s]¨Ip´n ASp∏w tXm∂n-bn√
arKime I≠ ImgvN-Iƒ Ah≥ Aº-
c-∏n-®p. Ip´n-Iƒ -]q¿W hmIy-߃
\n¿Ωn-°-s´.
Ah≥ sh≈w IpSn®p F∂ hmIy-
Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-sb¥v?
sh≈w IpSn®p F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ
sh≈sØ IpSn®p F∂ A¿∞-amWv
e`n -°p-∂Xv. "F' F∂ ]Xybw
tN¿t°-≠-Xn-s√-¶nepw B ]Xy-b-
Øns‚ [¿aw B hmIy -Øn -
epƒt®¿∂n-´p-≠v.
hymI-cW Nn¥-bn¬ ]Xy-b-߃°v
henb ÿm\-ap-≠v. ]Z-ßsf XΩn¬
_‘n-∏n-°p-sb∂ [¿aw amX-a√
]Xy-b-߃°p-≈-Xv. Hcp hmIy-
Øns‚ A¿∞w \n¿Æ-bn -t°-≠-
Xnepw ]Xy-b-߃°p henb ÿm\-
ap-≠v.
\ma-ß-tfmSp tNcp∂ ]Xy-b-ß-fmWv
hn`‡n-]-Xy-߃. hn`‡n ]Xy-
ßsf t]cp ]d-™v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]T\w ChnsS Dt±-
in-°p-∂n-√. hn`‡n]Xy-sas-¥∂pw
hmIy-L-\-bn¬ AXn-\p≈ ÿm\-sa-
s¥-∂p-ap-f-f ASn-ÿm\ [mcW cq]-
s∏-Sp-Itb th≠q.
hn`-‡n-sb-°p-dn -®p≈ hy‡-amb
[mcW cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ tIc-f]m-Wn-
\obw hyI-cWKŸ-߃ A[ym-]nI
kq£v-a-ambn ]Tn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
So®
¿ s
SI
vÃv
95
bqWn‰v s^bnw /bqWn‰v hni-I-e\w
bqWn‰v ˛ 1 In\mhv
Bi-bw/-[m-cW/ss\]pWn ]Inb/]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]T-\-t\m- -߃
$ ]tNm-Z-\m-fl-I-amb Bi-b-߃ Ip´n-
I -fn¬ icnbmb Img vN -∏mSpw
DW¿hpw krjvSn°pw
$ kuµ-cym-fl-I-amb ]tbmK hnti-j-
߃ Ihn-X-bn¬ D≠v.
$ ]W-b-I-hn-X-I-fpsS Hcp ]mc-ºcyw
ae-bm-f-Øn-\p-≠v.
$ kvXo]-Z-hn, kzmX-¥y-t_m[w,Bhn-
jv°mc kzmX¥yw XpS-ßnb Bib-
߃ IY-bn¬ DƒtN¿∂n-´p-≠v.
$ ]Xy -£-amb A¿∞-Øn -\ -∏pdw
[z\ym-fl-I-amb Xe-߃ IY-Iƒ°p-
≠v.
$ kz¥w ]cn-an-Xn-Isf adn-I-S-∂p-sIm≠v
Ime-Ønepw Ncn-X-Ønepw CSw ]nSn®
alm-fl-°-fpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ
N¿® sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
$ Ihn-X-bnse ]tbm-K-ß-fpsS kuµ-cy-
Xew N¿® sNøp-∂p.
$ Bim≥, Nß-ºp-g, Np≈n-°mSv XpS-ßn-
b-h-cpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-
Ibpw kmay-hy-Xym-k-߃ Is≠-Øp-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ kvXo Ah-ÿ-Iƒ kmln-Xy-Øn¬
]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v ]m\¬
N¿®
$ IY-bnse kqN-\-Isf A]-KYn®v
A¿∞-km-[y-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂p.
$ hnhn[ tkmX-kp-Ifn¬ \n∂v
hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn®v s]mXp-
hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
$ Ihn-Xsb kq£va-ambn hni-I-
e\w sNøp-Ibpw DNn-X-amb
cq]-ß-fn¬ Ah-X-cn -∏n -°p -
Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ ]ta -b -Øns‚ ASn -ÿm-\-
Øn¬ Ihn-X-Isf Xmc-Xayw
sNbvXv cN\m]c-amb khn-ti-
j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™v hnhn[
hyh-lmc cq]-ß-fn¬ Bhn-
jv°-cn-°p-∂p.
$ N¿®-I-fn¬ ]s¶-SpØv Bi-b-
ßfpw \nK-a-\-ßfpw Ah-X-cn-
∏n--°m-\p≈ tijn t\Sp-∂p.
$ `mjsb kq£va-ambn A]-K-
Yn -°m\pw kµ¿` -ß-fn¬
Ahbv°v ssIh-cp∂ A¿∞-X-
e-߃ Xncn-®-dn™v cN-\-I-
fn¬ ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
96l
b¿ sk
°‚
dnBi-b-[m-cW/ss\]pWn ]Inb/]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]T-\t\ -߃
$ kmaq-ln-I-amb am‰-߃ hyXykvX
coXn-I-fn¬ kmln-Xy-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-
s∏-Sm-dp≠v.
$ ]IrXn AXns‚ ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-ß-
tfmsS kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv.
$ a\p-jy-tI-µn-X-amb Imgv®-∏m-Sn\p
]Icw F√m Poh-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw ka-
`m -h -\ -tbmsS ImWp --∂-Xm -hWw
\ΩpsS ]cn-ÿnXn t_m[w
$ ]Xy£ emfn-Xy-Øn-\-∏pdw A¿∞-
Øns‚ A\-¥-amb AS-cp-Iƒ ]pXp-
I-hn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.
$ sNdp -Xp -I-fpsS ]Xn -tcm -[-Øn¬
]pXnb ImeØv Gsd ]k-‡n-bp-≠v.
$ IY-bnse Ncn-X-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Awi-߃ Is≠Øn \ncq-]-W-߃ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.
$ ]Ir-Xn-kw-c-£-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´teJ-\-߃, ^o®-dp-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bhN¿® sNøp-∂p.
$ ImS-dnhp bmX, ]Ir-Xn-Zriy NnXo-I-c-Ww, tUmIyp-sa‚dn ]Z¿i\w apX-em-b-h-bn-eqsS ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-Im-h-t_m[whf¿Øp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂p.
$ GXp Ihn-X-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v Ah-bpsSBi-b-X-ew, [z\ym-fl-I-X, mjm-]-c-ambkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, kmaq-ln-I-]-k‡napX-em-bh Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂p.
$ kaq-l-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ ]cn-ÿnXn Nqj-Ww, kmaq-ln-I-amb hnth-N-\-߃,F∂n-h-bvs°-Xnsc \S-°p∂ ]Xn-tcm-[-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-߃tiJ-cn®v Ah-bpsS ]k‡n N¿®sNøp-∂p.
$ kmln-Xy-c -N-\-Iƒ hmbn®vAh-bnse kmaq-ln-I-L-S-I-ßfpw Ncn-X-]-c-amb Awi-ßfpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw kwhm-Z-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ teJ-\-߃, ^o®-dp-Iƒ apX-em-bh hmbn®v Bi-b-߃tImUo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw N¿®-I-fn¬ CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ A\p-`-h-߃ hyXy-kvX-ambam[y-a -ß-fn -eqsS ]I¿Øns]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
$ Ihn-X-Iƒ hmbn®v Ah-bpsS]ÿm\ khn-ti-j-X-I-tfmSvtN¿Øv \n¿Øn ]Tn-°p-IbpwIs≠-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ kmaq-ln-Im-`n-ap-Jy-ap≈ ImgvN-∏mSv hnI-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw t_m[-h¬°-c-W-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 9 7
BapJw Ç
ImgvN-bpsS tImbva B[p-\nIm-\p- -h-
Øns‚ apJ-ap-Z-bm-Wv. ]c-ky-∏-e-I-I-
fn¬\n∂pw B\p-Im -en -I -Øn -c -
bn¬\n∂pw an\n-kvIo-\n¬\n∂pw
F√mw \nc-¥-c-ambn Zriy-_nw-_-߃
\sΩ Xnc-°n-sb-Øp-∂p. t_m[m-t_m-
[-ß-fpsS AZr-iy-amb tImWp-I-
fn¬t∏mepw Ah IqSq-Iq- p-∂p. PohnXw
Xs∂ Hcp sI´p-Im-gvN-bmbn A[:]Xn-
°p-∂p.
Sn.sI. cma-N-µ≥
(ImgvN-bpsS tImbva)
`mj-sb-°mƒ Zriy-_nw-_-߃ ]cn-
Nn-X-amb Hcp Xe-ap-d-bmWv \ap°v
ap∂n-ep -≈Xv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂
ImgvN-I-fpsS t\cpw s\dnbpw NnI-tb-
≠Xpw hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn Ah hni-
I-e\w sNtø-≠Xpw ]pXnb Imew
G¬∏n-°p∂ henb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øam-
Wv.
\ΩpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isf cq]s∏SpØp-
Ibpw kwkvImcw \n¿Ωn-s®-Sp-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ Zriyam[y-a -
߃°p≈ ]¶v C∂v Ahn-X¿°nX-
am-Wv. bmYm¿∞y-ß-f-√, bmYm¿∞y-
bqWn‰v c≠v
ImgvN
ß-sf∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ AXn-bm-
Ym¿∞y-ß-fmWv A\p-`-h-ß-fm-bn-
t∏mepw C∂v FÆ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-
Øns‚ ]pdw- mKw amXw Im´n-Ø-cp∂
IuXp-I-ap≈ ImgvN-Iƒ hnt\mZw ]I-
cpI amX-a√ sNøp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS A`n-
cp-Nn-Isf \n¿W-bn-°p-Ibpw ImgvN-°m-
cmbn amXw \sΩ \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS hymI-cWw hnI-kn-
®p-h-∂Xv Ne-®n-X-I-esb ap≥\n¿Øn-
bm-Wv. a‰v Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS amX-a-
√, \h-am-[y-a-ß-fpsSt]mepw mj Hcp
]cn-[n-hsc cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏- -Xv kn\n-a-
bn-eq-sS-bmWv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ne-
®n-X-I-e-bpsS coXn-im-kvX-sØ-°p-dn-
®p≈ F√m At\z-jW-ßfpw Zriy-
am-[y-a-]-T-\-Ønte°p IqSn hgn-Xp-d°p-
∂p.
\n¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hmtcm ZriyØnepw
tZiØns‚bpw Ime-Øns‚bpw kmaq-
lnI _‘-ß-fpsSbpw `mj-b-S-°-
ap≈ kmwkvIm-cntIm]m-[n-I-fpsSbpw
AS-bm-f-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw. tZi-N-cn-X-
sØbpw kmwkvIm-cnI kØ-sbbpw
Ipdn-®p≈ At\z-j-W-߃ ]q¿W-am-
Ip-∂Xv C∂v CØcw ImgvNm-\p- -h-ß-
9 8 lb¿ sk°‚dn
sf°qSn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-tºm-gm-Wv.
ImgvN-Iƒ amX-a -√, ImgvN-Isf
]I¿Øp-Ibpw tN¿Øp-h-bv°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂ coXn-bpw Cu hni-I-e-\-
Øn¬ ][m-\ -am -Wv. Ncn - XsØ
t_m[-]q¿∆w Dƒs°m-≈n-®p≈ kmaq-
lnI CXn-hr-Ø-߃ amX-a-√, hnt\m-
Z -w amXw Dt±-in -®p≈ Km\-cw-K-
߃t]mepw kwkvIm-c-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈
D]m-[n-bm-Wv.
P\-]nb kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ `mK-am-
Im\pw s]mXp-t_m-[sØ Xr]vXn-s∏-
SpØn hmWn-Py-hn -Pbw ssIh-cn -
°m\pwth≠n kn\n-a-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-
Øm-dp≈ tNcp-h-Isf Cg-]n-cn®v ]cn-
tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AØcw tNcp-h-
IfpsS ]n∂n-ep≈ Xm¬]-cy-ß-sfbpw
]h¿Ø\ ]≤-Xn-I-sfbpw Xncn-®-dn-
bm≥ Igntb≠Xp≠v. CØcw hni-I-
e-\-߃°v \√ NnX-ß-fpsS ImgvNb-
\p- -h-ß-fmWv XpW-bm-hp-I. P\-]n-b-
X-bpsS Af-hp-tIm-ep-Iƒ°∏p-dØv
Fß-s\-bmWv Ah Ime-tØmSpw
bmYm¿∞y-tØmSpw H´n-\n-∂-sX∂pw
Ne-®n-X-I-ebv°v amXw km[y-amb
Zriy-`m-j-bp-]-tbm-Kn-®-sX∂pw AXp-
hgn a\-n-em-°mw.
a\p-jy- m-h-\-bpsS aq¿Ø-amb ]Xn-\n-
[m-\-ß-fm-bn-cn°p-tºmƒØs∂ Zriy-
߃ ]Xo-I-ß-fpam-Ipw. Ne-®n-X-
Øn¬\n∂v F√mhcpw hmbn-s®-Sp-
°p∂ A¿∞-I-ev]-\-Iƒ kam-\-am-I-
W-sa-∂n√. Zriy-kq-N-\-I-fn¬ \n∂pw
A¿Yw hmbn -s®-Sp -°ptºmgmWv
Bkzm-Z\w Db¿∂-X-e-Øn-se-Øp-∂-
Xv. P\-]nb kn\na kwkvIm-csØ
hna¿i-\-]-c -ambn kao-]n -°m\pw
Ne-®n-X-Km-\-ßsf kwkvIm-c-]-T-\-
sa∂ \nebv°v hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw
¢mknIv NnX-ßfpw tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-I-
fp-apƒs∏sS I≠v \s√mcp Ne-®nX
kwkvImcw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp -°m\pw
e£y-an- mWv Cu bqWn‰v Xbm-dm-°n-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
]thiI ]h¿Ø\w
sF.kn.‰n km[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-
SpØn ae-bm-f-Ønse ]g-bXpw ]pXn-
b-Xp-amb GXm\pw Ne-®nX Km\-߃
tIƒ∏n-°p-∂p.
Ip´n-Iƒ Nne Ne-®nX Km\-߃ Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°p∂p
(hy‡n-K-X-ambpw kwL-am-bpw)
XpS¿∂v s]mXpN¿®.
$ kn\n-a-bn¬ Km\w Bh-iy-apt≠m?
$ temI ¢mkn-°p-I-fn¬ Km\-ß-
fpt≠m? F¥p-sIm≠v?
$ Ne-®n - X -Km -\ -ß-fpsS [¿Ωw
F¥mWv?
$ Fs¥ms° Bh-iy-߃°v Ah
]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p?
-$ kwKo-Xw Ign-™m¬ Fs¥ms°
LS-I-ß-fmWv Km\-ßsf
BI¿jIam°p-∂Xv?
-$ Ne-®nX Km\-ßfpw Ihn-Xbpw
XΩn-ep≈ _‘hpw hyXymkhpw
Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?
N¿®bpsS Hcp L´Øn¬ ]mT`mK-
Ønse ]th-iI ]h¿Ø-\-Ønse
A`n-apJw Ip´n-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-
Ømw.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 9 9
tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS kwhm-Z-Øn-te°v
Db¿∂p-h-cm-hp∂ Bi-b-߃:
˛ Km\-an-√m-sXbpw kn\na \n¿an-
°mw.
-˛ C¥y≥ kn\na BZy-Imew
apXte Km\-ß-fp-≈-Xm-Wv.
˛ Hgp-°ns\ XS--s∏-Sp -Øp∂
Km\-ß-fpw A√m-Ø-hbpw D≠v.
˛ Ihn-X-bpsS as‰m-cp-Xcw ]tbm-
K-amWv (Applied poetry) Km\-߃.
˛ ImesØ Npcp°w Zriy-ß-fn-
eqsS NnXo-I-cn-°m≥ Km\-NnXWw
sIm≠v km[n°pw
˛ Km\w thtWm th≠tbm F∂-
Xn¬ A[ym-]-I¿ ]£w tNtc-≠-Xn-
√. Km\-߃ Hcp bmYm¿Yy-am-Wv.
AXn-\m¬ Ahsb ]Tn-t°-≠-Xp≠v
F∂ \ne-]m-SmWv th≠-Xv.
Imb-e-cn-IØv
]mTm-]-K-Y\w
P-\-Io-b-tam tI-c-fo-b-tam A-√m-Ø Km-
\-N-cn-X-sØ am-‰n-∏-Wn-bp-I-bm-Wv \o-
e-°p-bn-en-eq-sS (1954) sI cm-L-h-\pw
]n `m-kv-I-c-\pw sN-bv-X-Xv. \o-e-°p-bn-
en-se Km-\-߃ hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b-Xv ]-
e Im-c-W-ß-fm-em-Wv. Pm-Xn-a-X ]m-tZ-
in-It -Z-sa-t\y F-√m a-e-bm-fn-Iƒ-°pw
G-‰p-]m-Sm≥ I-gn-bp-∂ Km-\-߃ A-Xn-
\p-ap-ºp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. im-kv-Xo-b-kw-
Ko-Xw ]Tn-®-h¿-t° AXn-\p-apºv kn\n-
a-bn¬ ]m-Sm≥ I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.
]n.`m-kv-I-c-s‚ tI-c-fo-b-X \n-d-™p-Xp-
fp -ºp -∂ e-fn -X -h -cn -Iƒ-°v
Im-b-e-cn-I-Øv F∂ ]m- v sIm-®n-bn-seA-–p¬-Jm-Z-sd-s°m-≠v ]m-Sn-°-W-sa-∂p Xo-cp-am-\n-®p. lm-Pn F-∂m-W-bm-sf F-√m-h-cpw hn-fn-°p-I. lm-Pn-°vRm≥ ]m- p ]Tn-∏n-®p sIm-Sp-Øp. A-bmƒ ]m-Sn. im-co-cw th-≠-X I-\w t]m-c F-∂-sXm-gn-sI th-td Ip-g-∏-sam-∂p-an-√.
]-Xn-hp-t]m-se ssh-Ip-t∂-cw \n¿am-Xmhv Sn.sI. ]co-°p´n h-∂p. Im-cy-ß-fp-sS ]p-tcm-K-Xn hn-e-bn-cp-Øn. F-√m-h-cpw h- -an- n-cp-∂p. lm-Pn ]m-Sn-Øp-S-ßn. c-≠p h-cn ]m-Sn-t°- -t∏mƒ Sn.sI.]p-d-Øn-d-ßn. F-\n-°v F-t¥m ]-¥n-tI-Sp tXm-∂n. ]m- v A-h-km-\n-®-t∏mƒ F-s∂ ]p-d-tØ-°v hn-fn-®v Sn.sI. ]-d-™p: "Cu ]m- v lm-Pn ]m-Sn-bm¬ i-cn-bm-hn-√. cm-L-h≥-am-jp-X-s∂ ]m-S-Ww."
`m-kv-I-c≥ ]-d-™p:
"]-°-ta-f-tØm-sS lm-Pn ]m-Sp-tºmƒi-cn-bm-Ipw."
Sn.sI. ]-d-™p:
"F-t¥m, F-\n-°p tXm-∂p-∂n-√."
kn-\n-am-kw-_-‘-am-b F-√m tPm-en-I-fpw ]q¿-Øn-bm-bn. sd-t°m-Un-ßn-\v a-Zn-cm-in-bn-se hm-ln-\n-bn-se-Øn. lm-Pn-sb-bpw sIm-≠p-t]m-bn-cp-∂p. A-∂vC-∂-sØ-t∏m-se sd-t°m-Un-ßv C-X-a-Wn-h-sc-sb-∂p -hy-h-ÿ-bn-√. Xo-cp-
100 lb¿ sk°‚dn
thm-fw F-∂m-Wv. cm-Xn-bpw sd-t°m-Un-ßv D-≠v. C-∂-sØ ku-I-cy-hp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ayw sN-øm-t\ B-hn-√. cm-Xn H-cp a-Wn B-bn- p-≠m-hpw. Im-b-e-cn-I-Øv ]m-Sm≥ ]-°-ta-fw sd-Un. ]m-Sm≥ lm-Pn-sb Rm≥ hn-fn-®p. D-S-s\Sn.sI. ]-d-™p: "th-≠. Cu ]m- v am-jp-X-s∂ ]m-S-Ww."
Sn.sI.bv-°p h-g-ßp-I-b-√m-sX R-߃-°v a-s‰m-∂pw sN-øm≥ h-ømbn-cp-∂p.]-tXy-I X-øm-sd-Sp-∏n-√m-sX H-‰ tS-°n¬Rm≥ ]m-Sn. Sn.sI.bv-°p k-t¥m-j-am-bn.kn-\n-a ]p-d-Øp-h-∂p. B \-√ a-\p-jy≥ ]-h-Nn-®-Xp-t]m-se ]m- v ln-‰m-bn.B ]m- v F-\n-°p Po-hn-X-]m-X-bn¬ Np-h-∏p ]-c-h-Xm-\n hn-cn-®pX-∂p. A-t∂m-fw tI- n- n-√m-Ø Cu-Ww P-\-߃-°n-„-am-bn. B ]m- v F-\n-°p h-®p-\o- n-bku- m-Kyw sN-dp-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√.
(a[p-cao PohnXw ˛ sI. cmL-h≥)
`m-hm-\p-tbm-Py-am-b kw-Ko-Xw cm-L-h≥
am-ÿ \¬-In. a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS N-cn-X-
Øn-em-Zy-am-bn km-[m-c-W-°m-c-\v Io¿-
Ø-\-߃-°pw C-Xn-lm-k Im-hy-߃-
°pw I-Y-I-fn-]-Z-߃-°pw k-¶o¿-Ø-\-
߃-°pw \m-S≥-]m-´p-Iƒ-°p-a-∏p-d-Øv
kz-¥-am-bn ]m-Sm≥ Cu-c-Sn-Iƒ e- n-®-
Xv \o-e-°p-bn-en-eq-sS-bm-Wv. a-X-\n-c-t]-
£-am-b Cu Km-\-kw-kv-Im-cw Xp-S¿-∂p-
≈ G-Xm-\pw ]-Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ X-g-®p-
hf¿∂p.
cm-L-h≥-am-ÿ X-s∂ ]m-Sn-b "Im-b-
e-cn-I-Øv h-e-sb-dn-™-t∏mƒ' F-∂ am-
∏n-f-∏m-´pw A-Xn-s‚ Zr-iy-h¬-°-c-W-
hpw A-Xn-t\m-Sp-≈ A-∂-sØ k-aq-l-
Øn-s‚ ]-Xn-I-c-W-hpw \-thm-∞m-\-
Øn-eq-sS D-b¿-∂p-h-∂ a-X-\n-c-t]-£
kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v D-Pz-e Zr-„m-¥-ß-fm-
Wv. sam-bv-Xp F-∂ ]p-tcm-K-a-\ a-\-p-
≈ ao≥-]n-Sp-Ø-°m-c≥ Nm-b-°-S-bn¬
h-®v ]m-Spw-a-´n-em-Wn-Xn-s‚ Nn-Xo-I-c-
Ww. a-X-\n-c-t]-£ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚
A-hn-`m-Py-L-S-I-am-b s]m-Xp-a-fi-e-
Øn-s‚ ]-Xn-\n-[m-\-am-Wv B Nm-b-°S.
a-e-bm-f-Øn-se e-fn-X-Km-\-im-J-bv-°v
Xp-S-°w Ip-dn-®-h-sb-∂ ]-tXy-I-X-bpw
\o-e-°p-bn-en-se Km-\-߃-°p-≠v. h-tc-
Wy-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚ kw-Ko-X-am-bn-cp-∂
im-kv-Xo-b kw-Ko-X-Øn-\m-bn-cp-∂p A-
Xp-h-sc ]m-ap-Jyw. \-thm-∞m-\-Im-e-Øv
Po-hn-Xw kp-J-I-c-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ I-e-bv-
°p-≈ ]-¶v k-aq-lw Xn-cn-®-dn-™p. A-
[x-ÿn-X-sc-∂v I-W-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂-h¿
]m-Sn-bn-cp-∂ \m-S≥-]m-´p-I-sf tæ-—-am-
bm-Wv _m-“-W-cpw a-‰pw I-cp-Xn-bn-cp-
∂-Xv. A-Ø-cw ]m- p-I-sf-bm-Wv cm-L-
h≥-am-ÿ kn-\n-a-bn-te-°v Iq-´n-s°m-
≠p-h-∂-Xv. \m-S-s\-∂v X-≈n-°-f-™-h
A-aq-ey-\n-[n-I-fm-sW-∂v A-t±-lw sX-
fn-bn-®p. F-√m P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw
kw- m-j-W- m-j-bn¬ Km-\-ap-≠m-°p-I-
bpw am-∏n-f-∏m- n-\pw \m-S≥-]m- n-\pw Im-
hy-a-fi-]-Øn¬ I-b-dn-h-cm≥ A-h-k-
cw \¬-Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xv a-l-Øm-b
Im-cy-am-hp-∂-Xv A-∂-sØ k-µ¿- -Øn-
s‚ k-hn-ti-j-X sIm-≠m-sW-∂ ]p-
Xp-t»-cn cm-a-N-µ-s‚ \n-co-£-Ww
it≤-b-am-Wv.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 101
N¿® sNøp-I
Imb-e-cn-IØv F∂ Km\-Øn¬ sXfn-
bp∂ `mhw, AXnse _nw_-I-ev]-\-
Iƒ, CuW-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ
F∂nh Xncn -® -dn -bp -∂-Xn -\p≈
]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. \oe-°p-bn¬ F∂
NnX-Ønse ]i-kvX-amb Cu Km\-
Øns‚ X\n-abpw ae-bmf kn\n-am-
Km\Ncn-X-Øn¬ AXn-\p≈ ]m[m-
\yhpw a\-n -em -°m≥ Cu
]h¿Ø\w hgn km[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
Km\-Øn¬ hcn-Iƒs°∂ t]msetbm
AXn-e-[n-Itam ]m[m\yw kwKo-X-Øn-
\p -≠v. A°m-cy -Øn\pw th≠X
]m[m\yw \¬In-bm-IWw ]h¿Ø-
\w.
Imb-e-cn-IØv F∂ Km\-cw-K-Øns‚
Bh¿Øn-®p≈ ImgvNbv°v Ah-k-c-
sam-cp-°-Ww. Km\-Ønse apJy-amb
`mhw Ip´n-Iƒ Xs∂ Is≠-Ø-s´.
$ Km\-Øns‚ apJy- mhw F¥mWv?
$ Fß-s\-bmWv A°mcyw Xncn-®-
dnbm≥ Ignbp-∂Xv?
$ GsXms° hcn-I-fnemWv Cu mhw
]I-S-amIp-∂Xv?
$ CuW-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ
Fs¥ms°?
XpS-ßnb efn-X-amb tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS
C°mcyw Is≠-Øm-hp-∂-XmWv.
]W-b-amWv Cu Km\-Ønse apJy-
amb mhw. F∂m¬ AXv _me-N-µ≥
Np≈n-°m-Sns‚ "kµ¿i\w' F∂ Ihn-
X-bnteXpt]msebmtWm? ]W-b-
sa∂ Bibw Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Øn-
bm¬ "kµ¿i-\-'hp-ambn Hcp Xmc-
Xayw \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
kµ¿i-\-Øn-te°v
$ Xoh-]-W-bw
$ ]W-bn-Xm-°-fpsS th¿]n-cn -b-
ens‚ thZ\
$ \ne-\n¬∏v Xs∂ ]W-b-Øn-
emW.v
$ AXy¥w Imev]-\n-I-amb Bhn-
jvImcw
$ Imhym-fl-I-amb _nw_-߃
F∂m¬ "Imb-e-cn-I'-Ønse ]W-b-
""a‰m¿°pw BhmØ hn[-Øn¬ ]mh-s∏- -h-cpsS A\p-cm-Khpw IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS tIm[hpw A[zm-\-io-e-cpsS \¿Ωhpw `mkvI-c≥ amjvhmMva-b-am-°n. "s]Æp-sI- n\v Ipdn-sb-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Hcp \dp-°n\v tN¿°tW"F∂Xv ]tbm-P-\-an-√mØ tPmenF∂¿∞w hcp∂ Hcp sNm-√m-Wv.aÆv s]m∂m-°p∂ CØcw FXtbm\mS≥ ]tbm-K-߃. Icn-°- sb hP-am-°p∂ Cµ-Pmew. \m´p a\p-jy-cpsS]mbmcw ]d-®n¬....... sIm≠p-h-cp∂hnZy Bcpw sNbvXn- n-√. AXn¬ hnP-bn-®n- p-an-√. C]-Imcw Ne-®nX Km\-im-Jbv°v tZi-Øn-t‚-Xmb ASn-Ø-dbpw \mS≥ hymI-c-Whpw \n¿Ωn-®Xv`mkvI-c≥ amjm-Wv. Imb-tem-fw-t]mse B cN-\-I-fn¬ \mtSmSnCuWw Xpfp-ºn
s]m^. Fw.F≥ hnP-b≥ ˛
(Zqc-°m-gvN-Iƒ ]n. mkvI-c≥ kwKo-
X-kvar-Xn-Iƒ)
102 lb¿ sk°‚dn
k-¶ev]w CXn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-
ambn Fß-s\-sbms° Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-
∂p?
$ \mS≥a- n-ep≈ Xpd∂p]d-®n¬
$ \nd™ \¿Ωw
$ AIm-ev]-\n-I-amb Iev]-\-Iƒ.
$ am∏n-f-∏m- ns‚ CuWw
$ \mS≥ ]tbm-K-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw
Xmc-X-ay-Øn-eqsS Imb-e-cn-IØv F∂
Km\Ønse `mhhpw AXns‚ Bhn-
jvImc khn-ti-j-Xbpw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥
Ign-bpw.
Km\-Ønse _nw_-I-ev]-\-I-ƒ Xncn-
®-dnbm≥ Nne ]tbm-K-߃ i≤-
bn¬s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ Ipdn-sb-Sp-°p-tºmƒ \dp-°n\p
tN¿°m-\p≈ At]£
$ Ic-fns‚ Dcp-fn-bnse FÆ Im®¬
$ Ib-dp-s]m- nb ]ºcw
$ tNdn¬\n∂v hf¿∂ lqdn
$ Rc-ºp-Iƒ Isºm-Sn™ ioe-°p-
S-bpsS Iºn-t]mse
$ Fcnbpw shbn -eØv Ibnepw
IpØn \S-°pI
CØcw ]tbm-K-ß-fpsS `wKnbpw
HuNn-Xyhpw N¿® sNø-s´. Ah-bpsS
khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.
$ \mtSmSn Pohn-X-Øns‚ `mKw
$ \nXy-Po-hn-Xm-\p- -h-ß-fpsS IÆmSn
$ kmln-Xy-`m-j-bpsS t_m[-]q¿∆-
amb \ncmkw
BZy -Imekn\na kwKoX\mSIwt]msebmbn-cp-∂p. ]m´p-I-fpsS B[n-Iy-Øn¬ Cu kam-\X ]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-bm-f-Ønse BZy-i_vZ kn\n-a-bmb _me-\n¬ 23 ]m´p-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p (1938) ]Àm-Z-\n¬ 24 Dw ⁄m-\mw-_nI (1940) bn¬ 14 Dw. Nne BZy-Ime kn\n -a -I -fn¬ ap∏tXm\m¬∏tXm hsc ]m´p-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 1950 apX¬ kn\n-a-I-fn¬ ]m´ns‚]m[m\yw Ipd™v IqSp-X¬ kw`m-jWm-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn. BZy-Ime \So-\-S-∑m-cn¬ IqSp-X¬t]cpw XymK-cm-P- m-K-h-X-sc-t∏mse ]mSp∂ A`n-t\-Xm-°ƒ Bbn-cp-∂p.
an°-hmdpw BZy-Ime ae-bmf \n\n-a-Iƒ°v auenI kwKoXw C√m-bn-cp-∂p.Ah-bnse ]m´p-Iƒ lnµn, Xan-gv,sXep¶v, I∂S kn\na-I-fnse ]m´p-I-fpsS A\p-I-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. _me-\nse "PmX-I-tZm-jØmtem' F∂]m´v (\mbn-I-bmb Fw.sI. Iaew]mSnbXv) A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ "tXbn-e-tØm-´-Ønse' F∂ Xangv kn\n-a-bnse \mS≥]m´m-Wv.
ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-cw-KsØ AXn-Im-b-\mb sk_m-Ãy≥ Ip™pIp™p`mh-K-h-X¿ "PvRm\m-w_nI'bn¬ \S-\mbpw Kmb-I-\mbpw Xs‚ ]¶v\n¿h-ln-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ "IY-bnXvtIƒ°mw kl-Ptc' F∂ ]m´ns‚]tNm-Z-\w kvSo‰v knwK¿ (1938) F∂kn\n -a -bn¬ ]ivkX Kmb-I≥sI.F¬.-ssk-Kmfpw I\≥tZ-hnbpwtN¿∂v ]mSnb lnµn-bn-ep≈ "KpwKpcphm _mtP' F∂ ]m´m-bn-cp-∂p.1950¬ ]pd-Øp-h∂ \√-X-¶, kvXo,iin-[-c≥ F∂o kn\n-a-I-fnse an°
BZy-Ime ae-bmf kn\n-am-Km-\-߃
So®¿ sSIvÃv 103
$ \¿Ωw
$ ap…ow Pohn-X-]-›m-Øew
$ km[m-cW a\p-jys‚ lrZ-b-hn-Im-
c-ß-fpsS ]I-S\w
Fß-s\-bmWv Ch Hmtcm∂pw Kmao-
W-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Nqcpw NqSpw D≈-Xm-
hp-∂-sX∂pw Ah-bn¬ \ng-en-°p-∂Xv
\¿Ω-amtWm F∂pw hni-I-e\w
sNøp-I. XpS¿∂v Km\-Øns‚ CuW-
sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®-bm-hmw.
ae-_m¿ ]tZ-iØv amXw ]Nm-c-ap-
≠m-bn-cp∂ am∏n-f-∏m v F∂ Km\-im-
Jbv°v tIc-f -ØnemsI ]Nmcw
\¬In-b-Xns‚ ]m[m\yw hni-Z-am-t°-
≠-Xp-≠v. ]n. mkvI-c≥ Fgp-Xnb am∏n-
f-∏m- p-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Fw.F≥.-Im-c-t»-
cn -bpsS ]T-\-Ønse Bi-b-߃
]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.
s]mXpN¿®-Iƒ°ptijw Imb-e-cn-
IØv F∂ Km\-Øn\v Hcp Bkzm-Z-\-
°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.
N¿®
Km\-Zriy-Øn¬ sXfn-bp∂
kmaq-ln-Im-¥-co£w
Ne-®n-X-Km-\-ßsf Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI
tcJbmtbm DXv]-∂-amtbm I≠p-sIm-
≠p-thWw Cu ]h¿Ø\w \SØm≥.
IYm-k-µ¿`-hp-ambn H´n-\n¬°p-∂-
XmWv Ne-®n-X-Km-\-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ Km\-
Nn-Xo-I-c-Whpw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-t°-≠-
Xp-≠v.
]g-b-Ime Ne-®n-X-ß-fnse Nne Km\-
Km\-ßfpw lnµn CuW-ß-fpsS A\p-I-c -W-ß-fm -bn -cp -∂p. hgn -Øn -cn -sh∂pw BZysØ kq∏¿ lns‰∂pwhnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ Pohn-X-\uI Atß-b‰w kwKoX \mSI ssien-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Cu NnX-Øn¬ sal-_q_v]mSnb "AIse Bcpw ssIhnSpw'F∂ ]m´v Zpemcn (1949) F∂ kn\n-a-bn¬ apl-ΩZv dm^n ]mSnb "kplm\ncmXv [n¬ NqIn' F∂ Km\-Øns‚A\p-I-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1951¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb "\h-temIw' F∂ k\n-a-bn¬]n. eoe ]mSnb " KmbnIm KmbIm'F∂ ]m´v al¬ (1949) F∂ lnµnkn\n-a-bnse kq∏¿ln‰v Km\-amb"BtbKm BtbKm Bt\-hme' F∂Km\-Øns‚ CuW-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
cw-K-ß-fpsSbpw A`n-\b aplq¿Ø-ß-
fp-sSbpw hoUntbm ¢n∏nw-Kp-Iƒ Im´n-
s°m≠v ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te°v IS-°m-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
DZm: ama-e-Iƒ°-∏p-dØv......
(\nW-a-Wn™ Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ),
s]cn-bm-td....s]cn-bmtd (`mcy),
Im‰-Sn®p sImSpw Im‰-Sn®p..(Xpem- m-cw)
$ cwK-Nn-Xo-I-c-W-Ønse khn-ti-j-
X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?
$ IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS A`n-\-b-co-Xn-
bpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ F¥mWv?
$ IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS hkvXw, Ne-\-
co-Xn, ]›m-Øew F∂nh F]-
Im-c-amWv?
104 lb¿ sk°‚dn
N¿®-bn-eqsS e`n-°m-hp∂ Bi-b-
߃:
$ ]m v NnXo-I-cWw kn\n-am-Nn-X-W-
Øns‚ kz`m-hn-I- m-K-am-bn-cp-∂p.
$ ][m-\-ambpw ÃpUn-tbm-Iƒ°v
AI-Øp-≈ NnXo-I-cWw
$ IrXn-a-amb sk‰p-Iƒ
$ Iymad IqSp -X¬ Nen -∏n -°m -
sXbp≈ NnXo-I-cWw
$ hnIm-c-ßsf ]I-S-ambn Xncn-®-dn-
bm≥ Ign-bp∂ XcØn-ep≈ A`n-
\bcoXn
$ AXn-\m-S-Io-bX
CuW-Ønse A\p-I-cWw t_m[y-s∏-
Sp-Øm≥ kam-\-X-bp≈ Nne CuW-
߃ tIƒ∏n-°p-Itbm Ah-bpsS Km\-
Nn-Xo-I-c-W-߃ ImWn-°p-Itbm
sNøm-hp-∂-XmWv.
Imbn-e-cn-IØv F∂ Km\-Øn¬ sXfn-
bp∂ A°m-esØ tIc-fob kaq-ln-
Im-¥-co£w Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.
$ \mS≥ Nmb-°S
$ ao≥]n-SpØw (he s\ø¬)
$ sh≈-sa -SpØp hcp∂ ap…nw
bphXn
$ ]m´n-se hcn-I-fnse tIc-fo-b-amb
kµ¿ -߃, ssien-Iƒ, ]tbm-K-
߃.
$ Nmb-°-S -bnse hyXy-kvX-a -X-
Øn¬s∏-´-h¿ XΩn-ep≈ CS-s]-S-
ep-Iƒ
Km\-Øn¬ sX-fn-bp∂ kmaq-ln-Ihpw
kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb apZ-I-sf-°p-dn®v
Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°-s´.
Ne-®n-Xhpw Km\-ßfpw
kn\n-a-bn¬ Km\w Bh-iy-apt≠mF∂ tNmZy-Øn\v kn\n-a-bpsS Ncn-X-tØmfwXs∂ ]g-°-ap-≠v. IYm-]mXwAXp-hsc kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂i_vZ-Øn¬\n∂p hyXy -kvX-ambas‰mcp i_vZ-Øn¬ ]m´p-b-cp-∂-Xns‚ Xami C¥y≥ kn\n-am-\n-cq-]-I-\mb NnZm-\-µ-Zmkv Kp]vX Nq≠n-°m-´n -bn-´p-≠v. ]e kn\n-a-I-fnepwBJym-\-bp-‡n°v \nc-°p-∂-X√ Ah-bnse Km\-߃. IY-bpsS Hgp-°ns\XS--s∏-Sp -Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.(Talking about Films) F∂mepwC¥y≥ kn\na AXns‚ DZv -h-ImewapX¬°v Km\-ßsf IqsS Iq´n. lnµn-bnse BZysØ i_vZ-Nn-X-amb BewBc (1931) apX¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb F√mNnX-ß-fnepw ]m´p-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ kwkm-cn-°p∂ Ne-®n-X-amb _me-\nepw (1938)23 ]m´p-I-fp-≠v. ]mgvkn- -a-dmØ kwKo-X-\m-S-I-߃ kzm[o-\n-®-Xp-t]mseXangv kwKo-X-\m-SI ]mc-º-cy-Øn-emWv ae-bmf kn\n-a-bpsS ]nd-hn.sI.sI. Acq¿, Fw.sI. Ia-ew, amÿaZ-\-tKm-]m-e≥, sk_m-Ãy≥ Ip™p-Ip -™p-`m -K -h -X¿, koXm -e£vanXpSßnb Kmb-I-cm-bn-cp∂p ae-bm-f-Ønse BZy \So\S-∑m-cpw. ae-bmfkn\n-a-bpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ G‰hpwIqSp-X¬ Km\-ß-fp-ambn ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb NnXw tZh-kp-µcn (1957) bmWv.Xn°p-dn»n Fgp-Xnb 25 ]m´p-Iƒ BNnX-Øn-ep-≠v.
1948 ¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂ tIcf Sm°o-kns‚ _m\-dn¬ ]pd-Øn-d -ßnb"\n¿Ωe'bmWv ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]n∂-Wn-Km-\-co-Xnsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.AXp-hsc kn\n-a-I-fn¬ A`n-t\-Xm-°ƒ Iyma-dbv°p ap∂n¬\n∂v A`n-\-
So®¿ sSIvÃv 105
bqWn-‰ns‚ Ah-km-\- m-KØv \¬Inb
]h¿Ø-\hpw CtXm-sSm∏w \S-Øm-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
N¿®
Ne-®n-X-Km-\-߃ IÆns‚ Ie amX-
am-hp-I-bmtWm?
Ne®nX Km\߃ ImXns‚ Ie
F∂Xn¬ \n∂pw amdn IÆns‚ Ie-
bmbnØocp-I-bm-Wv. am[y-a-ß-fpsS
]cn -Wm-aw, kmt¶-XnIhnZy -bpsS
hf¿® F∂nh Cu am‰-Øns‚ Imc-
W-ß-fm-Wv.
$ Km\-c-N-\-bn¬Øs∂ h∂n-´p≈
am‰-Øns‚ Imc-W-߃.
$ NnXo-I-c-W-Ønse am‰-߃
$ Km\-߃ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-
Xns‚ e£y-ß-fn-se-Xs∂ am‰w.
$ Be-]n-°p∂ coXn-I-fn¬ h∂n-
´p≈ am‰w
$
XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ Du∂n-bm-IWw
]h¿Ø\w \S-tØ-≠-Xv.
$ am‰-Øn-\p≈ ASn-ÿm-\-Im-c-W-
߃
$ AXn-eqsS sXfn-bp∂ kmwkvIm-
cn-amb am‰w
apX-em-b-h-bn-te-°mWv Bi-b-߃
tImUo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv.
tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb X\n-
asb ]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂ Ne-®n-X-Km-
\ -߃ ]Z¿in -∏n -®p -sIm≠v
]h¿Ø\w XpS-ßm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
bn-°p-Ibpw ]mSp-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-hv. ]n∂-Wn-Km-\-kw-hn-[m\w\ne-hn¬ h∂-tXm-sS-bmWv Ne-®n-X-Km-\-imJ kº-∂-ambn Xo¿∂-Xv.
IY ]d-b¬ coXn-bpsS Hgn-hm-°m-\m-hmØ `mK-ambn Km\-߃ Ne-®n-X-ß-fn¬ Ct∏mgpw XpS-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepwKm\-߃ Hgn-hm-°nb Ne-®n-X-ß-sf-°p-dn®p IqSn Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v._n.B¿. tNm]-bpsS Im¥≥ (1960)Km\-ß-fn-√mØ kn\n-a-bm-bn-cp-∂p.kwKo-XsØ BJym-\-Øn\p Imcy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sh-¶nepw kXy-Pn-Xvdmbv Km\-cw-K-߃ Xs‚ kn\n-a-I-fn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. F_n-cm-Pns‚ "\oX'n'bmWv Km\-ß-fn-√msX]pd-Øn-d-ßnb BZy ae-bm-f-Nn-Xw.
$ tIc-fo-b-X-bpsS apZ-Iƒ
$ \mtSmSn Km\-]m-c-ºcyw
$ Imhym-fl-I-amb hcn-Iƒ
$ Kmao-W-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kqN-\-Iƒ
$ Im¿jnI kar≤n
$ atX-X-c-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ kqN-
\-Iƒ
$ kmaq-ln-I -am-‰-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ
F∂n-h-sb√mw ]I-S-ambn Xncn-®-dn-
bm≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ign-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.
XpS¿∂v, "IÆns‚ Ie' bmbn-Øo¿∂
]pXn-b-Im-e Ne-®n-X-Km-\-ßfn¬
NneXv sXfn-hn\mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ NSp-e-amb \rØ-tØmSpIqSnb
]pXnb ae-bmf Ne-®nXKm\-߃
106 lb¿ sk°‚dn
$ hntZ-i-ß-fnepw a‰pw NnXo-I-cn®
Km\-߃
$ CuW-Øn-\p -th≠n amX-ap≈
Km\-߃
$ dnbm-en‰n/ tÃPv tjmI-fn¬ Km\-
cw-K-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚
Zriy-߃
apX-em-bh ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.
]I-S-amb am‰-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ip´n-I-
fpsS \nco-£-W߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.
NnXo-I-cW coXn, thj-`q-jm-Zn-Iƒ,
kwKo-Xw, A`n-t\-Xm-°-fpsS Ne-\-co-
Xn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sbms° Xmc-X-ay-
s∏-Sp-Ø-s´. Ah-cpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ah-k-cw \¬I-Ww.
XpS¿∂v CØcw am‰-Øn-\p≈ Imc-W-
ßsf°pdn®v N¿®-sN-ømw.
$ kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS hf¿®
$ A`n-cpNnhyXym-k-߃
$ kn\n-asb kw_-‘n®pw AXnse
]m´p-Isf kw_-‘n-®p-ap≈ ImgvN-
∏m-Sn-ep≈ am‰w.
$ ]e Xe-Øn-ep≈ A\p-I-c-W-߃
(hntZ-i, lnµn, Xan-gv NnX-ß-fp-
sS)
$ Km\-c-N-\sb kw_-‘n® ImgvN-
∏m-Snse am‰w
$ sSen-hn-js‚ ]Nmcw
XpS-ßnb kqN-I-ß-fn-eq-∂n-bm-hWw
N¿®.
am‰sØ Fßs\-bmWv t\m°n-°m-Wp-
∂Xv? GXp Xc-Øn-ep≈ Km\-ß-tfm-
SmWv Xm¬]cyw?
Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ
bp‡n-k-l-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Hcp
kwhm-Z -Øn-te°v ]h¿Ø-\sØ
hf¿Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ kmaq-ln-I-ambpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-
ambpw Cu am‰w Fs¥-¶nepw
]iv\-߃ krjvSn-°p-∂pt≠m?
$ kn\na F∂ Iem-cq-]-Øn\v Cu
am‰-߃ F¥v kw`m-h-\-bmWv
sNøp-∂Xv?
XpS-ßnb Btem-N-\-Ifpw kwhm-Z-
Øn¬ Db¿∂phc-Ww.
kn\n-abpw kaq-lhpw
]mTm-]-K-Y\w
P\-]nb kwkvIm-csØ \n¿h-Nn-°p-
∂-Xn\pw AXns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Isf
Cg-]n-cn®p Im´p-∂-Xn\pw hyXykvX-ß-
fmb Nn¥m-[m-c-Ifpw ]T-\-]-≤-Xn-Ifpw
kzoI-cn-°p∂ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ hn`n-∂-ß-
fm-Wv. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ XpS-°-
Øn¬Øs∂ Iem-kn-≤m-¥-ß-fnepw
kmaq-lnI ˛ \c-hw-iimkvX-]-T-\-ß-
fnepw kwkvImc Nn¥-bnepw P\-]nb
kwkvIm -c -sa∂ Bibhpw cq]-
s∏´phcp-∂p-≠v. hyh-kmb hnπ-h-
Øns‚ krjvSn-bmb B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS
^e-ambpw X\Xp (Folk) kwkvImcw,
htcWy (Elite) kwkvImcw F∂n-h-
bn¬\n∂v `n∂-amb kwkvIm-c-ambpw
s]mXp-t_m-[-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-
\p≈ cmjvSob ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚
^e-ambpw hn]Wnh¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂
kwkvIm-c-hp-am-bpsams° P\-]nb
kwkvIm-c-sa∂ Bi-bsØ hni-Zo-I-
cn-°p∂ Nn¥-I-∑m-cp-≠v.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 107
P\-]nb kwkvIm-c-Øns‚bpw Ie-I-
fp-sSbpw hnImkw ]mY-an-I-ambpw
_lp-P\w F∂ k¶ev]-\-Øns‚
cq]-s∏-Sen¬\n∂mWv Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv.
_lp-P-\-k-aqlw (Mass Society)
F∂ k¶ev]w cq]s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-I-s´,
apX-em-fn-Øw, \K-c-h-XvI-cWw, hyh-
kmbhXv°-cWw F∂n-hbv°v kam-
¥-c-am-bn´m-Wv. hen-sbmcp hn`mKw P\-
ß-fpsS kuµ-cym-\p- -h-ß-sfbpw mhp-
I-Xz-sØbpw krjvSn-°p-∂Xpw Xr]vXn-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw _lp-P\kwkvIm-
chpw Ie-I-fp -amWv. sSen -hn -j≥
kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ hym]-\-Øn\pw
kzoIm-cy-Xbv°pw tij-amWv P\-]n-
b-kw-kvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-߃
hym]-I-am-b-Xv. kvt]m¿Svkv, kwKoXw,
Im¿´q¨ XpS-ßn-b-h sSen-hn-j-\n-
eqsS A]q¿∆-amw-hn[w P\-]n-b-am-hp-
Ibpw kmln-Xyhpw kn\n-abpw Cu
]pXn-b- am-[y-a-Øn-te°v BKn-cWw
sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. amX-a√,
\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ apgp-h≥ kmaq-ln-I,
kmwkvIm-cnI afi-e-ß-sfbpw cq]-
ß-sfbpw ]pXn-sbmcp ImgvNm-\p-`-h-
Øn -te°v ]cn -W-an -∏n -°m\pw
sSen-hnj\p Ign-™p. \mf-nXp-hsc
P\-]n-b-a-√m-Xn-cp∂ ]eXpw P\-]n-b-
am-Im≥ XpSßn. In°‰vIfn C¥y-bn¬
Hcp tZiob-Xbpw aXhpw hyh-km-b-
hp-am-bn- amdnbXv CXn-\p≈ DZm-l-c-
W-am-Wv.
P\-]n-b-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Imgv∏m-Sp-I-
fn¬ Nn¥-I¿°n-S-bn¬ A`n-]m-bm-¥-
c-ap-≠v. Hcp]mSp-t]¿ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv,
Xcw-XmW krjvSn-Iƒ, P\-ß-fpsS
]oXn ]nSn-®p-]-‰m≥ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv,
P\-߃ Xs∂ Ah¿°p-th≠n cq]-
s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kwkvImcw F∂n-ß-s\.
D∂X kwkvImcw F∂ t]cn¬ \ne-
\n¬°p∂ apgp -h≥ kwkvIm -c -
߃°pw shfn-bn -ep-≈-hsb P\-
]nbkwkvImcw F∂p hnfn-°p-∂-h-
cp -≠v. P\-]nb kwkvIm -csØ
hn]Wn kwkvImcw F∂mWv Nne¿
A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. Bƒ°q-´-Øns‚
D]-t`m-K-Øn-\mbn hn]Wn \n¿an-°p-
∂-XmWv Cu kwkvIm-cw. kmº-ØnI
em`w amX-amWv ChnsS aqey-\n¿W-
b-Øns‚ am\-Z-fiw. Cd-°p-aXn sNø-
s∏-Sp∂ ]m›m-Xy-kw-kvIm-c-sØ-
bmWv hn]Wn kwkvIm-c-ambn ]cn-K-
Wn-°p-∂-Xv. P\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw cq]-s∏-
Sp-∂-XmWv P\-]nb kwkvImcw F∂v
\n¿h-Nn-°p-∂-h-cp-ap-≠v.
a\p -jy≥ I≠p-]n -Sn -® -h-bn¬h®v
G‰hpw P\-k-Ω-Xn-bm¿Pn® kwkvIm-
c-cq-]-amWv kn\na F∂v sdbva≠v
hneywkv \nco-£n-°p-∂p-≠v. P\-k-Ω-
Xn-°p-th≠n kn\n-a-Iƒ kzoI-cn-
°p∂ X¥-ß-sfbpw Ah-bpsS ASn-
ÿm\ LS-\-sbbpw A]-K-Yn-°p∂
teJ-\-amWv H.sI tPmWn-bpsS "kn\n-
abpw kaq-l-hpw'. P\-]n-b-Xbpw I®-
hShnP-bhpw Dd-∏n-°m≥ kn\na D]-
tbm-Kn-°p∂ coXn-im-kvX-ß-sfbmWv
ChnsS hni-I-e\ hnt[-b-am-°p-∂-Xv.
P\-]nbkwkvIm-c-]-T-\-Øns‚ ASn-
ÿm\ k¶¬]-\-ß-sf-Ø-s∂-bmWv
At±lw CXn-\mbn ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
]mT- m-K-tØ°v
108 lb¿ sk°‚dn
]mT-`mKw Ip´n-Iƒ kqIvjva-ambn
hmbn®v Bi-b-hy-‡X t\tS-≠-Xp-≠v.
hmb-\bv°p apºmbn A[ym-]n-Ibv°v
Nne Imcy-߃ D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ kao-]Im-esØ G‰hpw P\-]n-b-
amb Ne-®n-X-߃ GsXm-s°-
bmWv?
Ip´n-Iƒ ]d™ Ne-®n-X-ß-fn¬ Nne-
Xns‚ t]cv A[ym -]nI ªm°v
t_m¿Un¬ Ipdn-°-s´.
Ah-bpsS ]tabw Ht∂m ct≠m
hmIy -ß-fn¬ Npcp -°n -∏ -d -bm≥
\n¿tZin-°mw. XpS¿∂v Nne tNmZy-
ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn-bp≈ N¿®.
$ ]ta-b-Øn¬/ Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn-bn¬
Bh¿Ø\w Dt≠m?
$ ap≥Im-esØ Ne-®n-X-ß-fp-ambn
GsX-¶nepw coXn -bn¬ kmay -
apt≠m?
$ Zriy-߃ kaq-l-Øn\v \¬Ip∂
ktµiw F¥mWv?
$ sX‰mb/ ]Xn-tem-a-Icamb am\-
kn-I- m-h-߃ krjvSn-°p∂ Zriy-
߃ Ah-bn¬ Dt≠m?
$ \ΩpsS kwkvIm-csØ/ kmaq-lnI-
aqey-ßsf GsX-¶nepw coXn-bn¬
Ah kzm[o-\n-°p-∂pt≠m?
$ hy‡n-sb-bmtWm kaq-l-sØ-
bmtWm AXn¬ ]m[m-\y-tØmsS
NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?
$ bmYm¿∞y-hp-ambn Ahbv°v FX-
amXw _‘-ap≠v?
$ kvXoIsf CØcw kn\n-a-I-fn¬
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv?
$ km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn-X-hp-
ambn Cu kn\n-a-Iƒ GsX-¶nepw
hn[-Øn¬ _‘-s∏-Sp-∂pt≠m?
$
$
Ip´n-Iƒ kzX¥-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.
Cu L -Øn¬ N¿®-bpsS tImUo-I-
c -W-Øn\v ian -t°-≠-Xn -√. Nne
tNmZy-ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn IqSp-X¬
Bib-hy-‡-X-bv°p-th≠n ]mT- mKw
hmbn-°-s´.
$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf kw_-‘n-
®p≈ Bt£-]-߃ Fs¥m-s°-
bmWv?
$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-
\-L-S-I-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?
$ t]£-I-]oXn t\Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn
kzoI-cn-°p∂ D]m-[n-Iƒ Fs¥m-
s°-bmWv?
]mT`mK-Øns‚ kq£va-hm-b-\-bv°p-
tijw tNmZy-ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn-bp≈
N¿®. ]mT-`m-KsØ ][m-\m-i-b-ß--
fpsS tImUo-I-c-W-hpw Bi-b-hy-
‡X Bh-iy-ap≈ `mK-ß-fpsS hni-
Zo-I-c-Whpw A[ym-]nI \S-tØ-≠-Xp-
≠v.
So®¿ sSIvÃv 109
]`m-j-Ww
kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw
P\-]nb kn\n-aIsf Ah-K-Wn-°p-I-
b-√, A]-K-Yn-°p-I-bmWv th≠Xv
F∂v teJ-I≥ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv
P\-]nb kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈
ssk≤m-¥n-I-amb ASn -Ø-d-bn -¬
\n∂p-sIm≠m-Wv. Iem-X-Øz-Nn-¥-I-
cn¬ ]ecpw D∂X Ie-bpsS ]£Øp
\n¬°p-Ibpw P\-]nb Ie-Isf \nc-
kn -°p -Ibpw F¥p-sIm≠v Ah
bYm¿∞-I-e-b√ F∂v hmZn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvX-h-cm-Wv.
kn\n-a-bnepw Cu hn`-P\w ]k-‡-
am-Wv. DØ-a-amb Iem-kn-\n-a-I-sf∂pw
P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-sf∂pw D≈ th¿Xn-
cnhv kn\n-a-bpsS BZn-Imew apX¬°p-
Xs∂ \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. kn\n-asb Hcp
I®-hS Dev]-∂-ambn ImWp-Ibpw apS-
°p-ap-Xepw em`hpw In´p∂Xn-\p-th-≠n-
bp≈ tNcp-h-Iƒ btYjvSw IpØn-\n-
d-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXv \n¿Ωn-°p∂
kn\na-I-fmWv P\-]n-b-sa∂ hn`m-K-
Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CØcw kn\n-a-I-fn¬
]ta-b-߃, ]m´pIƒ, \rØ-cw-K-߃
]Sp-Iq-‰≥ sk‰p-Iƒ, kwL´\cwK-
߃, ssewKn-Im-Xn-]-k-c-ap≈ Zriy-
߃ F∂n-h -sb√mw tNcpw -]Sn
tN¿°-s∏-Sp-∂p. AtX kabw kn\n-
asb ]pXnb \q‰m-≠ns‚ Iem-cq-]-ambn
amXw ]cn-K-Wn-®n-cp∂ kwhn-[m-b-I¿
hy‡n-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw
k¶o¿Æ-amb ]iv\-ßsf Bg-Øn¬
hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ kn\n -a -Iƒ
krjvSn®p. Zriy-`m-j-bpsS k¿h-km-
[y -X -Ifpw ]tbm-P -\ -s∏-SpØn
\n¿Ωn® CØcw Iem-aq-ey-ap≈ NnX-
߃ henb N¿®-Iƒ°pw ]T-\-
߃°pw hnt[-b-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
F∂m¬ P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf kq£va-
ambn hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw Ah-bpsS
coXn-im-kvXsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m\pw
\√ kn\n-a-bpsS ]£-Øp-\n¬°p-∂-
h¿ ]e-t∏mgpw Xbm-dm-bn-√. Cu ]›m-
Ø-e-Øn-emWv P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf
A]-K-Yn-t°-≠-Xp-s≠∂v teJ-I≥
A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf Ah-K-Wn-°p-
tºmƒ kw -hn-°p-∂Xv F¥mWv?
$ F¥n-\p -th-≠n-bmWv AØcw
kn\n-a-I-sf-°p-dn®v ]Tn-°p-∂Xv?
$ AXv hy‡n°p-th-≠n-bmtWm
kaq-l-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmtWm?
XpS-ßnb tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS ]h¿Ø-
\-Øn-te°v IS-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]mT- m-
K-Øp-\n∂v e`n® A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS
shfn-®-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ ]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.
Ah-cpsS \nco-£-W-߃ A[ym-]nI
tImUo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc≠ ][m\
A\p-`-h-߃.
$ kaq-l-Ønse ]_-e-amb Xmev]-
cy-ß-sf-bmWv P\-]nb kn\n-a-Iƒ
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.
110 lb¿ sk°‚dn
$ Ah-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\w kaq-l-
sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-Øns‚ `mK-
am-Wv.
$ Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ AS-°n-h®
tNmZ-\-Iƒ, BK-l-߃ F∂nh
CØcw hni-I-e-\-Øn-eqsS Is≠-
Øm≥ Ign-bpw.
$ Ah-bnse kaq-l-hn-cp-≤-amb kqN-
\-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw hymJym-\n-
°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv kmaq-ln-I-
amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv.
$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf A]-K-Yn-°p-
∂-Xn-eqsS Ah-bpsS hn]-W\
X¥ß-sf°p-dn®pw P\-]n-b-am-
°m≥ tN¿°p∂ tNcp-h-I-sf-°p-
dn®pw icn-bmb [mcW e`n-°p-
Ibpw AØcw kn\n-a-Isf hna¿i-
\m-fl-I-ambn ImWm≥ a‰p-≈-h-sc
klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
$ \√ kn\n-aI-fpsS Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-
te°v CØcw A]K-Y-\-߃
hy‡n-sbbpw kaq-l-sØbpw \bn-
°pw.
$
N¿®-I-fn-eqsS Dcp-Øn-cn™ Bi-b-
߃ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
Xbm-dm -°p -Ibpw ]`m -j-W-߃
kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´.
Xmc-Xayw
]mT- m-K-Ønse Hcm-i-bsØ Imhy- m-
K-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøm\pw kmaq-
lnI Pohn-X-Ø-n¬ kn\na C∂v F]-
Im-c-amWv CS-s]-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv
F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw BWv ]h¿Ø-
\w-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. ]mT-`m-K-
Øn-s‚bpw Ihn-X-bp-sSbpw hni-I-e-
\hpw kn\na kaq-l-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-
°p-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ [mc-W-
Ifpw ]h¿Ø\w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.
P\-]n-b-kn-\n-Isf hna¿i-\m-fl-I-
ambn t\m°n -°m-Wm≥ Cu
]h¿Ø\w klm-b-I-am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v.
P\-]nb kn\n-a-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p∂
[¿asØ°pdn-®p≈ teJ-Is‚ \nco-
£-W-߃ ]mT- m-K-Øp-\n∂v Ip´n-Iƒ
Is≠-Ø-s´.
$ Ah kz]v\m-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ BK-
l-ßsf bYm-X-Y-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°p-∂p.
$ t]£-I¿°v Pohn-X-Øn¬ km£m-
XvI-cn-°m-\m-ImØ A`n-em-j-ßsf
Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
$ Akm-[y-amb A`o-jvS-ßsf ]Xy-
£-s∏-SpØnØcp-∂p.
$ t]£-I-cpsS At_m-[-tNm-Z-\-
Isf D±o-]n-∏n-°p-∂p.
$ \ne-hn-ep≈ At_m-[-tNm-Z-\-Isf
[n°-cn-°m-\p≈ ssha-\-kysØ
At_m-[-]q¿h-ambn kn\n-a-I-fn-
eqsS km£m-XvI-cn®v t]£-Isc
Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
XpS¿∂v IhnX Bh¿Øn®p hmbn®v
][m-\m-i-b-߃ tImUo-I-cn-°-s´.
sh≈n-Øn-c-bnse \mb-I≥ [oc\pw
F¥pw t\cn-Sm≥ sIev]p-≈-h\pw
So®¿ sSIvÃv 111
Bbn-cn-°pw. A\o-Xn-I-tfmSpw sIm≈-
cp-Xm-bva-I-tfmSpw Abmƒ FXn-cn-Spw.
GXv ]Xn-k-‘n-I-sfbpw A]-I-S-ß-
sfbpw Abmƒ \njv]-bmkw adn-I-S-
°pw. GXv kmaq-lnI Xn∑-I-sfbpw
H‰bv°v FXn¿Øv tXm¬∏n-°pw. AXn-
km-l-kn-I\pw Akm-am-\y -I-cp-Ø\pw
Bbn-cn°pw. iXp-°sf hI-h-cp-Øm≥
\nan-j-t\-c-w aXn Abmƒ°v. kpµ-cn-
bmb \mbn-Isb ]W-bn-°p-Ibpw
F√m ]Xn-_-‘-ß-sfbpw XcWw
sNbvXv Ahsf kz¥-am-°p-Ibpw
sNøpw.
CØcw \mb-I-∑m-cmWv \ΩpsS P\-
]nb kn\n-aI-fn¬ D≈-Xv. Cu kn\n-
a-I-ƒ ImWm-s\-Øp∂ t]£-I¿ \mb-
I-\n-eqsS X\n°v sNøm≥ Ign-bmØ
Imcy-߃ as‰mcp coXn-bn¬ km£m-
XvI-cn-°p∂ Hcp am\-knI ]h¿Ø-
\-Øn -em -Wv. \mb-I-\n -eqsS
Xs‚Xs∂ D≈n-ep≈ BK-l-Øns‚
]q¿Øo-I-cWw \SØn Abmƒ
Xr]vX-\m-Ip-∂p. Cu hymP-kw-Xr-]vXn-
bn¬ Abmƒ ]c-am-\µw A\p- -hn-°p-
∂p.
kn\na hnPbw t\Sp-tºmƒ AXn-e- n-
\bn® Xmc-Øn\v hne IqSp -∂p.
Abmƒ IqSp-X¬ hne-]n-Sn® knwlm-
k\-Øn\v A¿l-\m-Ip∂p. kn\na
Xocp-∂-tXmsS ]mhw t]£-I≥ kmaq-
ln-I-amb Xn∑-I-fpsSbpw A\o-Xn-
bpsSbpw Nqj-W-Øn-s‚bpw Ccp- nepw
Itk-c-bpsS XWp-∏nepw Ah-ti-jn-
°p-∂p. kn\n-a-bpsS Cu I®-h-S-X¥w
Xncn-®-dn-bmØ t]£-I≥ ]c-am-\-µ-
c-k-Øn¬ BdmSp-∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-
cnepw A¿∏n-X-amb kmaq-lnI DØ-c-
hm-Zn-Xz-߃ \nd-th-‰m-sX, Be-ky-
Øn¬ kz¥w kpJ-t`mK-ß-fpsS
Itk-c-I-fn¬ Nm™n-cp∂v ho≠pw
ho≠pw CØcw kn\n-a-Iƒ I≠p-sIm-
≠n-cn -°p -∂p. Cu at\m-`m -hsØ
hna¿in-°p-I-bmWv ]n.]n. cma-N-µ≥
Cu Ihn-X-bn-eqsS.
Ihn-X-bnse Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\p-
tijw kn\n-a-bpsS kmaq-lnI CS-s]-
S¬ km[y-X-I-sf-°p-dn®pw CØcw ]c-
am-\-µ-߃ kaq-l-Øn¬ D≠m-°p∂
]h-W-X-Isf kw_-‘n®pw D≈
]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ \SØ-s´.
A[ym-]n-I-bpsS tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬
D≠m-tI-≠-Xv.
$ kmaq-ln-I-amb ]iv\-ßsf kmaq-
ln-I-amb CS-s]-S¬sIm-≠p-am-Xta
adn -I -S -°m -\mhq F∂
bmYm¿YysØ CØcw kn\n-a-Iƒ
ka¿Y-ambn ad®phbv°p-∂p.
$ kmaq-lnI Xn∑-I-sf ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-
Øm≥ Ign-™n-´p -≈Xv Iq´mb
]h¿Ø-\-ß-fneq-sSbpw kmaq-
lnI kΩ¿±-ß-fn--eq-sSbpw BWv.
$ kaq-l-Øn-\p-]-Icw hy‡n-bn-eq-∂p-
Ibpw hymP-amb ]cn-lm-c-߃
krjvSn -°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ
kmaq-ln-I-Xn-∑-Iƒ adp-`m-KØv
i‡n-]m-]n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.
$ hnP-b-io -em -fn -X-\mb \mb-I-
s\m∏w Xntb-‰-dn¬ XmZmflyw
]m]n®v kwXr-]vXn-b-S™ t]£-
I≥ Xntb-‰¿ hn´v Cu Xn∑-I-fp-
sSbpw A\o-Xn-I-fpsSbpw Nqj-W-
Øn-s‚bpw temI-tØ°v Xs∂-
112 lb¿ sk°‚dn
bmWv Xncn®p htc-≠Xv.
kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ kn\na ^e-
]-Z-ambn CS-s]-tS-≠-Xn-s\-°p-dn-
®p≈ N¿®bpw ChnsS \S-°-Ww.
$ kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ kn\na
F]-Im-c-amWv CS-s]-tS-≠Xv?
$ kn\n -abv°v kaq -l-Øn¬
Fs¥¥p ZuXy-߃ \n¿h-ln-
°m≥ Ignbpw?
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠p∂ Bi-
b-߃.
$ \√ kn\n -a -Iƒ kmaq -lnI
bYm¿∞y-ßsf kXy-k-‘-ambpw
kqIvjva-ambpw ]I¿Øp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-
°pw.
$ \mw Pohn-°p∂ temI-Øn-se,
]Xy-£-Øn¬ \ΩpsS ImgvN-I-
fn¬ sXfn-bmØ ]iv\-ßsf Ah
aq¿Ø-ambn ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂p.
$ kmaq-ln-I-amb Po¿W-X-Iƒ°pw
A\o-Xn-Iƒ°pw Nqj-W-Øn-\p-
sam∂pw efn-X-amb ]cn-lm-c-ß-
fn√ F∂v Ah \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-
Sp-Øpw.
$ kmaq-lnI t_m[-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-
\p≈ D∂-X-amb Iem-kr-jvSn-
bmWv kn\n-a.
$ kaq -l-Øns‚ k¶o¿W-amb
]iv\-ßsf Kuc-h-tØmsS NnXo-
I-cn® IYm-Nn-X-ßfpw tUmIyp-
sa‚-dn-Ifpw kmaq-lnI am‰-Øn-
\p≈ Nme-I-i-‡n-bmbn Xo¿∂n-
´p-≠v.
kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkv°m-cn-I-hp-amb
hna¿i-\-Øn-\p≈ am[yaw IqSn-bmWv
kn\na F∂ Xncn-®-dn-thmsS ]h¿Ø-
\-Øn-eqsS e`n® Bi-b-ß-fp-]-tbm-
Kn®v Ipdn-∏p-Ifpw D]-\ym-k-ßfpw
Xbm-dm-°-s´.
hni-I-e\w
$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-
\ -L-S-I-߃ Fs¥∂v Xncn-®-dn-
bp-Ibpw Ah ]cn-Nn-X-amb kn\n-
a-I-fn¬ Fß-s\-bmWv ]h¿Øn-
°p-∂Xv F∂v a\-n-em-°p-Ibpw
sNøpI F∂XmWv ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-
eqsS Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. ]mT-`mKw
hmbn-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn D∂-bn®
tNmZy -߃ ChnsS H∂p-IqSn
]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ hm¿∏v amXr-I-bn-ep≈ IYm-]m-X-
ß-fmWv kn\n-a-bn¬ F∂ A`n-
]mbsØ hni-I-e\w sNø-Ww.
P\-]n -b -kn -\n -I -fn¬ ÿncw
Bh¿Øn-°p∂ IYm-]m-X-L-S-\-
sb-°p-dn -®p≈ \nco-£-W-߃
\¬I-Ww.
$ ssS∏v CXn-hr-Ø-ß-fmWv P\-]nb
kn\na kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂-Xns‚
DZm-l-c-W-߃ \evI-Ww.
kn\n-a-bn¬ BXy-¥n-I-ambn 10 ]ta-
b-߃ amXta D≈q F∂ \nco-
£Ww ChnsS \evI-Ww.
ÿnc-ssi-en-bn-ep≈ ]Xn-]m-Z-\Øn\v
Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃ \evIWw.
D∂-bn® tNmZy-ß--fp-sSbpw \evInb
hkvXp-X-I-fpsSbpw shfn-®-Øn¬ ]cn-
Nn-X-amb P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf hni-
So®¿ sSIvÃv 113
I-e\w sNbvXv \ncq-]-W-߃ Xbm-
dm-°-s´.
Ifhpt]mb ssk°nfpw
If-™p-t]mb Ime-L- hpw
]mTm-]-K-Y\w
Cu \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ B-Zy-Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ C-
‰-en-bn-se ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d-bv-°v N-e-®n-X-
sa-∂m¬ A-ta-cn-°≥ kn-\n-a-sb-∂m-bn-
cp-∂p A¿-∞w. Zr-iy-ta-J-e-bn-ep-≈ A-
ta-cn-°≥ kz-[o-\w A-X-bv-°p hym-]-
I-hpw i-‡-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]-kn-≤ C-
‰m-en-b≥ kw-hn-[m-b-I-\m-b s^-U-dn-
t°m s^-√n-\n-bp-sS A-`n-]m-b-Øn¬
'A-ta-cn-°≥ Nn-X-߃-°v B-fp-I-sf
a-b-°m-\p-≈ I-gn-hv Iq-Sp-X-em-bn-cp-∂p.
`q-an-bn-se kz¿-K-sØ-bm-Wv A-h¿ kn-
\n-a-I-fn¬ B-h¿-Øn-®p Im-Wn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cp-∂-Xv. A-ta-cn-° F-∂ cm-Py-a-√m-
sX a-s‰m-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√ A-h-cp-sS kz¿-
Kw.'bm-Ym¿-∞y-Øn¬-\n-∂p ap-Jw Xn-
cn-®p \n¬-°m-\p-≈ A-Xn-i-‡-am-b
t]-c-W C-h Im-Wn-Iƒ-°p \¬-In-
s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. 1924 ap-X¬ `-c-Wm-[n-
Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂ ap-tm-fn-\n-bp-sS C-‰-
en-bn¬, N-e-®n-X-Im-c-∑m¿ h-en-b B-
Uw-_-c-tlm- -ep-I-fn¬ sk-‰n- m-Wv kn-
\n-a \n¿-Ωn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. N-e-®n-X-߃ Im-
Wn-®n-cp-∂ ap-dn-I-fn-se A-e-¶m-c-߃
Im-c-Ww 'sh-≈-sS-en-t^m¨ kn-\n-a-
Iƒ' F-∂m-Wv C-h A-dn-b-s∏- -Xv. kn-
\n-a-Iƒ ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw I¿-i-\-am-b
sk≥-k¿-jn-∏n-\p hn-t[-b-am-bn-cp-∂p.
bm-Ym¿-∞y-hp-am-bn _-‘-an-√m-Ø kn-
\n-a-Iƒ a-Sp-Ø H-cp-Iq- w kn-\n-am-\n-cq-
]-I-cp-sS `m-h-\-bn-epw N¿-®-bn-epw-Iq-
C-‰m-en-b≥ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-kw 'C-‰-en-bp-sS kn-\n-am-N-cn-X-Øn-se kp-h¿-Æ-bp-Kw' F-∂m-Wv A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. s -©v kw-hn-[m-b-I-\m-b gm-Mv sd-\-b-dp-sS-bpw C-‰m-en-b-\m-b A-e-km≥-tUm ªm-sk-‰n-bp-sS-bpw N-e-®n-X-ß-fn¬, tem-I-kn-\n-a-sb F-‰-hp-a-[n-Iwkzm-[o-\n-® ]-ÿm-\-am-b \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-s‚ ]q¿-h-e-£-W-߃ Im-Wmw. eq-jn-t\m hn-kv-tIm-≠n-bp-sS 'Hm-s-n-tbm¨' (1942/1943) B-Wv C-‰-en-bn-se B-Zy-sØ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-Ãv Nn-Xw. Im≥ N-e-®n-tXm-’-h-Øn¬ ]p-c-kv-Im-cw t\-Sn-b, tdm-s_¿-t´m tdm-k-√n-\n kw-hn-[m-\w sN-bv-X tdmw, Hm-∏¨ kn-‰n (1945) -tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn \n-tbm-dn-b-en-kw H-cp ]-ÿm-\-sa-∂ \n-e-bn¬tem-I-i-≤ t\-Sn. hn-t‰m-dn-b sU kn-°-bp-sS ss_-kn-°nƒ Xo-hv-kv (1948)\n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-s‚ e-£-W-߃ Ir-Xy-am-bn ]n-¥p-S¿-∂ hn-Jym-X-am-b N-e-®n-X-am-Wv. ss_-kn-°nƒ Xo-hv-kn-\pXn-c-°-Y-sb-gp-Xn-b sk-m¿ k-hm-‰n-\n-sb-bm-Wv \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-s‚B-Zy-Im-e ssk-≤m-¥n-I-cn¬ H-cmƒ.eq-jn-t\m hn-kv-tIm-≠n kw-hn-[m-\wsN-bv-X, kn-kn-en-b≥ ao≥ ]n-Sn-Ø-°m-cp-sS I-Y ]-d-bp-∂ em sS-dm S-am,(1948) P¿-Ω-\n C-b¿ ko-tdm (1948), sUkn-°-bp-sS Dw-s_¿-t´m Un (1952), C¬sS-t‰m (1956) s -sU-dn-t°m s -√n-\n-bp-sS em kv-Sm-U (1954) Xp-S-ßn hn-t‰m-dn-tbm Xm-hn-bm-\n-bp-sS ]-tU ]-tUm¨ (1977) a-Øn-tbm Km-tcm-Wn-s‚ sKm-tam-dm (2008) h-sc \o-fp-∂hn-im-e-am-b N-cn-Xw C-‰m-en-b≥ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-\p-≠v. tem-I-kn-\n-a-sbkzm-[o-\n-®-Xn¬ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-s‚]-¶v X¿-°-an-√m-Ø-Xm-sW-¶n-epw k-am-
C-‰m-en-b≥ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-hpw
kzm-[o-\-hpw
114 lb¿ sk°‚dn
Sn D-cp-Øn-cn-™p-h-∂-Xm-Wv C-‰m-en-
b≥ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-kw. bp-≤-Øn-s‚ sI-
Sp-Xn-Iƒ _m-[n-® km-[m-c-W-a-\p-jy-sc
A-h-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ I-gn-bm-Ø N-e-®n-X-
߃ A-ta-cn-°≥ kn-\n-a-I-fp-sS A-º-
c-∏n-°p-∂ ]-In- n-epw X-I¿-∂ tdm-a≥
km-am-Py-Øn-s‚ ]- m-hw \n-d-™ `q-X-
Im-e-Øn-epw Ip-Sp-ßn-°n-S-∂ Im-e-Øv,
sX-cp-hn-te-°pw Xo-h-≠n-\n-e-b-ß-fn-te-
bv-°pw bp-≤-_m-c-°p-I-fn-te-bv-°pw C-
d-ßn-s®-√m-\pw A-hn-sS-\n-∂v b-Ym¿-∞
C-‰m-en-b≥ kn-\n-a-sb I-s≠-Sp-°m-\pw
'en-tbm temw-Km-\-n' F-∂ B-\p-Im-
en-Iw N-e-®n-X-kw-hn-[m-b-I-sc B-lzm-
\w sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. c-≠mw tem-I-bp-≤-
Øn-s‚ A-h-km-\w C-‰-en ^m-kn-Ãp- -
c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s‚ sI- p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬-\n-∂p
ap-‡-am-b-t∏mƒ cm-„o-b-hpw km-º-
Øn-I-hpw km-aq-ln-I-hp-am-b bm-Ym¿-
∞y-ß-sf A-tX-]-Sn B-hn-jv-I-cn-°m-
\p-≈ B-K-lw ho-≠pw I-em-Im-c-∑m¿-
°n-S-bn¬ i-‡-am-bn. bm-Ym¿-∞y-tØm-
Sp-≈ A- n-\n-th-i-sØ ap-tm-fn-\n-bp-
sS `-c-W-Iq-Sw kw-i-b-tØm-sS-bm-Wv
I-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. bp-≤w ^m-kn-k-Øn-s‚
N-c-Sp-I-sf s]m- n-®p-I-f-™-t∏mƒ C-‰m-
en-b≥ k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ hm-kv-X-hw \n-d-
™ ap-J-߃ N-e-®n-X-ß-fn¬ sX-fn-
™p. b-Ym-X-Y-am-b Nn-Xo-I-c-W-ß-fp-
sS c-≠m-a-sØ h-c-hv ]p-Xn-b dn-b-en-
kw (\n-tbm-dn-b-en-kw) F-∂ t]-cn-em-
Wv A-dn-b-s∏- -Xv. \n-tbm-dn-b-en-Ãp-Iƒ
X-ß-fp-sS ]q¿-hn-I-tc-°mƒ km-aq-ln-
I hn-a¿-i-\-Øn-\p Iq-Sp-X¬ ]m-[m-\yw
\¬-In. bp-≤-Øn-s‚-bpw ]-Xn-tcm-[-Øn-
s‚-bpw A-\-¥-c-^-e-߃, Zm-cn-Zyw,
sXm-gn-en-√m-bv-a Xp-S-ßn-b-h N-e-®n-X-
ß-fn-se ]-ta-b-am-bn. tdm-a≥ ]m-c-º-
¥-c-am-bn, -©v \-h-X-cw-K-Øn-s‚-bpwt]m-f-≠n-se n-enw kv-Iq-fp-I-fp-sS-bpwkw-`m-h-\-Iƒ-Iq-Sn I-W-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p am-X-ta N-e-®n-X-ß-fn¬ bm-Ym¿-∞y-Øn-s‚ ]-cn-N-c-W-sØ i-cn-bm-bn hn-e-bn-cp-Øm≥ I-gn-bq F-∂v A-`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂ \n-cq-]-I-cpw D-≠v. b-Ym-X-Y-am-b Nn-Xo-I-c-W-߃ cm-P y-sØ tem-I-t]-£-I-cp-sS ap-∂n¬ Xm-gv-Øn-s°- p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v 's]m-Xp-ÿ-e-Øv D-W-°m-\n -´ A-gp-°p-h-kv -X-߃'F-∂v Cu N-e-®n-X-߃-s°-Xn-scB-t£-]-߃ D-b¿-∂n- p-≠v.
C-¥y-bn¬ _n-a¬ tdm-bn-bn-epw (tZm_o-Km k-ao≥ - 1953) k-Xy-Pn-Øv dm-bn-bn-epw (]-tY¿ ]-©m-en ñ 1955) E-Xzn-IvL- -°n-s‚ kn-\n-a-I-fn-epw \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-s‚ hy-‡-am-b kzm-[o-\w D-≠v. a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ \-h-dn-b-en-Ãp kn-\n-a-bv-°p Xp-S-°w Ip-dn-®-Xv ]n cma-Zm-kvkw-hn-[m-\w sN-bv-X \yq-kv t]-∏¿t_m-bv (1955) F-∂ kn-\n-a-bm-bn-cp-∂p.Im-e-Øn-\p ap≥-t] \-S-∂ H-cp-Iq- w hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-fp-sS kw-cw- -am-bn-cp-∂p CuN-e-®n-Xw.
cy-Øn-s‚-bpw A-ta-cn-°-bp-sS-bpw ]-In-
v H-gn-hm-°n ap-tm-fn-\n-bp-sS -c-W-Im-
e-Øv \n¿-Ωn-® Nn-X-߃, bp-≤m-\-¥-
c-Im-e-Øv ho-≠pw ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏- p. \m-
S-Io-b-X-bpw Zr-iy-߃-°v an-gn-th-Im≥
D-t±-in-®p-≈ B-Uw-_-c-ß-fpw H-gn-hm-
°-s∏- p. kn-\n-a-bv-°v Xn-c-°-Y-t]m-epw
B-h-iy-an-s√-∂pw km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚ H-
Øm-i-bn-√m-sX-X-s∂ N-e-®n-X-߃-°v
P-∑w \¬-Im-sa-∂pw Nn-e¿ sX-fn-bn-®p.
H- pw \m-S-Io-b-X C-√m-Ø, km-[m-c-W
So®¿ sSIvÃv 115
a-\p-jy-cp-sS km-[m-c-W Po-hn-X-kw- -h-
߃-°v \n-tbm-dn-b-en-Ãp-Iƒ Du-∂¬
\¬-In. A-ta-cn-°≥ kn-\n-a-Iƒ s]m-
Xp-hm-bn Im-gv-N-h-®n-cp-∂ 'ip- m-¥w' F-
∂ k-¶¬-∏-sØ A-h¿ Xn-c-kv-I-cn-®p.
\n-tbm-dn-b-en-Ãp-I-fp-sS e-£yw km-aq-
ln-I-]-iv-\-ß-sf tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-I F-
∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√, a-dn-®v A-h-sb ]q¿-Æ-
am-bpw th-dn- -co-Xn-bn¬ A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-
I F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
]-tXy-I-X-Iƒ
$ km-[m-c-W-a-\p-jy-cp-sS aq-ey-ß-fn¬
i-≤ ]-Xn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v P-\m-[n-]-Xy-
]-c-am-bn Xo¿-∂p.
$ k-lm-\p- q-Xn-°p ]m-[m-\yw \¬-In-
s°m-≠v G-I-]-£o-b-am-b [m¿-Ωn-
I-\n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf \n-c-kn-®p.
$ C-‰-en-bp-sS m-kn-Ãv q-X-Im-e-sØ-
bpw bp-≤w h-cp-Øn-h-® sI-Sp-Xn-I-
sf-bpw Ip-dn-®p-≈ t_m-[-ap-≠m-°n.
$ In-kv-Xy≥, -am¿-Iv-kn-b≥ am-\-hn-I-
X-bv-°v ]m-[m-\yw \¬-In
$ A-aq¿-Ø-am-b B-i-b-߃-°p ]-I-
cw hn-Im-c-߃-°p ]m-[m-\yw \¬-
In.
$ kp-L-Sn-X-am-b I-Y-Iƒ-°p ]-I-cw
kzm- m-hn-I-am-bn hn-I-kn-°p-∂ kw-
-h-߃-°p ]m-[m-\yw ssI-h-∂p.
$ B-Jym-\w h-f-®p-sI- pw B-Uw-_-
c-hp-an-√m-sX B-[m-c-Nn-X-ß-fn-te-
Xpt]m-se-bm-bn
$ Ãp-Un-tbm-Iƒ-°p-]-I-cw kzm- m-hn-
I-am-b ÿ-e-ß-fn¬h-®v Nn-Xo-I-c-
Ww \-S-Øn.
$ Xm-c-ß-sf H-gn-hm-°n km-[m-c-W-
°m¿ A- n-t\-Xm-°-fm-bn.
$ km-ln-Xy- m-j-bv-°p ]-I-cw kzm- m-
hn-I-am-b `m-jbn¬ kw- m-j-W-ß-
fm-bn.
$ Nn-X-k-∂n-th-iw, Om-bm-K-l-Ww,
]-Im-i-hn-\ym-kw F-∂n-h-bn-se-
√map≈ Ir-Xn-a-Xzw D-t]-£n-®p.
]mT- m-K-Øn-te°v
P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-fpsS s]mXp-kz- m-h-
ßsf kw_-‘n® [mc-W-I-fpsS
shfn-®-Øn¬ Iem-aq-ey-ap≈ kn\n-a-
Iƒ Fßs\ hyXy-kvX-am-Ip∂p F∂
Xncn -® -dn -hn -\mbn ss_kn-°n¬
Xohvkv F∂ NnX-Øn-te°v hcm-hp-
∂-Xm-Wv.
Ne-®nX ]Z¿i-\-Øn\papºmbn Nne
tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ P\-]nb kn\na-I-fpsS s]mXp-kz-
`m-h-ß-fmbn Xncn-®-dn™ hkvXp-
X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?
˛ ssS∏v CXn-hr-Ø-߃
˛ hm¿∏v amXr-I-bn-ep≈ IYm-]m-
X-߃
˛ ÿnc-ssi-en-bn-ep≈ ]Xn-]m-Z-
\-coXn
˛ hymP-amb ]cn-lm-c-߃
˛ kaq-l-Øn\p ]Icw hy‡n-bn¬
Du∂¬
˛ bYm¿∞yw ad-®p-hbv-°-s∏-Sp∂p
˛ Xmc-ß-fmb A`n-t\-Xm-°ƒ
116 lb¿ sk°‚dn
˛ ip -Ic-amb ]-cy-hkm\w
˛ t]£-Isc ckn-∏n -°p-∂-Xn-
\mbn ]m´pw \rØ-cw-K-ßfpw
$ CØcw LS-I-߃ ss_kn-°n¬
Xohvkv F∂ NnX-Øn¬ FX-
amXw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.
$ P\-]nb kn\n-I-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-
ØmsX hn´p-I-f-bp∂ Fs¥ms°
LS-I-ß-fmWv Cu NnX-Øn¬
Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpI?
$ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Cu NnXw Hcp
¢mknIv NnX-ambn hnti-jn-∏n-°-
s∏-Sp-∂Xv?
$
XpS¿∂v Ip´n-Iƒ Ne-®nXw ImW-s´.
]Z¿i-\-Øn-\p-tijw NnX-Øns‚
kq£va-amb hni-Zmw-i-ß-fn-te°v IS-
°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn-°m-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
$ Zmcn-Zy-Øns‚ Nn”-߃ kn\n-a-
bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Fß-s\-
sbm-s°-bmWv?
$ ssk°n-fp-am-bp≈ dn®n-bp-tSbpw
aI-s‚bpw _‘w hy‡-am-Ip-∂Xv
Ft∏m-sgm-s°-bmWv?
$ ssk°nƒ Is≠-Øm≥ dn®n kzoI-
cn-°p∂ am¿K-߃ Fs¥m-s°-
bmWv?
$ km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ XoIvjvW-amb
]iv\-ßsf \nkm-c-ambn ImWp∂
kaql-Øns‚ at\m-`m -hsØ
kwhn-[m-b-I≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv
Fß-s\-sbm-s°-bmWv?
$ A—\pw aI\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-
Øns‚ XohX hy‡-am-°p∂
Zriy-߃ GsXm-s°-bmWv?
$ NnX-Øn¬ \nßsf G‰hpw
kv]¿in® cwKw GXmWv? F¥p-
sIm-≠mWv?
N¿®-bn-eqsS NnX-Øns‚ tIµ-]-ta-
b-Øn-te°pw a‰p khn-ti-j-X-I-fn-
te°pw FØn-t®-cm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
XpS¿∂v NnXsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂
IqSp-X¬ hni-Zmw-i-߃°mbn If-hp-
t]mb ssk°nfpw Ign-™p-t]mb
Ime-L- hpw F∂ ]mT- mKw hmbn-°-
s´.
hni-I-e-\w
ss_kn°vƒ Xohvkv F∂ Ne-®n-X-
Øns‚ kq£va-amb hni-I-e\w Dt±-
in-®p≈ Cu ]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ NnX-
Øns‚ ]tXy-IXI-fmbn FSp-Øp-Im-
-nb LS-I-ßsf ASpØp ]cn-N-b-s∏-
Sm≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ign-b-Ww.
\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ kqN-\-I-fpsS shfn-
®-Øn¬ NnXsØ hni-I-e\w sNø-
s´. sNdp tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS Hmtcm LS-
Ihpw Cg-]n-cn-°p∂ coXn kzoI-cn-°m-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
1. Bƒ°q´w IYm-]m-Xsa∂ \ne-
bn¬
˛ Bƒ°q- sØ NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂
ko\p-Iƒ GsXm-s°-bmWv?
˛ hyXykvX kµ¿ -ß-fnse Bƒ°q-
´-Øns‚ kz`mhw GXp Xc-Øn-
emWv?
So®¿ sSIvÃv 117
.˛ dn®n-tbm-Sp≈ Bƒ°q-´-Øns‚
]Xn-I-cWw hyXykvX kµ¿ -ß-
fn¬ Fß-s\-sbm-s°-bmWv?
˛ Bƒ°q-´-Øns‚ Bh¿Øn-®p≈
NnXo-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS kwhn-[m-b-
I≥ hy‡-am-°m≥ ian-°p-∂-sX-
¥mWv?
˛ Bƒ°q- sØ Hcp IYm-]m-X-ambn
]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-
≠mWv?
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h
$ dn®n-bpsS ]iv\w H‰-s∏´ Hcp
hy‡n-bpsS ]iv\w amX-a-√.
$ kaq-l-Øn¬\n∂pw hy‡nsb
AS¿Øn-am-‰p∂ hmWn-Py-kn-\n-a-
bn¬\n∂p≈ ]I-S-amb hyXym-
kw.
$ Zcn - Z -cmb P\-k-©-b-Øns‚
]iv\-ß-fpsS `mKw Xs∂-bmWv
dn®n-bpsS ]iv\-ß-fpw.
$ kmaq-ln-I-amb Ah-ÿ-bpsS bYm-
X-Y-amb NnXo-I-c-W-amWv kwhn-
[m-b-Is‚ e£yw.
$ kn\n-asb Ne-\m-fl-Ihpw kPo-h-
hp-ambn \n¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ Bƒ°q- -
Øn\v apJy-ÿm-\-ap-≠v.
$ Bƒ°q- sØ BZyw apX¬ Ah-
km\w hsc H‰ `mh-Øn-e√ Im´n-
Ø-cp-∂-Xv. dn®n-tbmSv A\p-Xm-]-
ap≈ Hcp Bƒ°q-´sØ XpS-°-
Øn¬ ImWm-sa-¶nepw a‰p Nnte-
SØv dn®nsb ]cn-l-kn-°p-Ibpw
a¿Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p≠v Cu
Bƒ°q- w. n∂- m-h-߃ ]I-Sn-∏n-
°p∂ Hcp IYm-]m-X-Øns‚ khn-
ti-j-X-Iƒ Cu Bƒ°q-´-Øn¬
Is≠-Ømw.
2. ssk°nƒ \evIp∂ A¿Y-kq-N-
\-Iƒ
$ kn\n-a-bn¬ ssk°n¬ Hcp ]Xo-
I-ambn h¿Øn-°p-∂pt≠m?
$ ssk°n-fp-ambp≈ dn®n-bpsSbpw
IpSpw-_-Øns‚bpw _‘w FX-
amXw Xoh-amWv?
$ ssk°nfns‚ mK-߃ hnev°p∂
Xnc-t°-dnb sXcphv \¬Ip∂
kqN-\-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv?
$ ssk°nƒ Fßs\ Pohn -X -
Øns‚Xs∂ \ne-\n-ev]ns‚ `mK-
am-Ip∂p?
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h:
$ ssk°nƒ kzmX-¥y-Øn-s‚bpw
hntam-N-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]Xo-I-sa-
t∂mWw ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p.
$ Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ \ne-\n-
e v]ns‚Xs∂ ASn -ÿm\w
AXmWv?
$ km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ hml-\w.
$ ASnÿm-\ -h¿K-Øn¬\n∂p≈
A]-l-cn-°-epw AXn-\p-th-≠n-
bp≈ `m¥-amb Ae-®n-epw.
3. kn\n-a-bn¬ ]Xy-£-am-Ip∂
kmaq-ln-I-]-iv\-߃
$ Fs¥ms° kmaq-lnI ]iv\-ß-
fmWv NnXw D∂-bn--°p-∂Xv?
$ Ah Fß-s\-sbms° NnX-Øn¬
]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂p?
118 lb¿ sk°‚dn
$ Ah NnXo-I-cn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn®
ssien F]-Im-c-amWv?
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h:
$ sXmgn-en-√mbva
$ ZmcnZyw
$ \n-lm-b-cmb a\p-jy-cpsS ]iv\-
߃
$ Zmcn-Zyw a\p-jysc A‘-hn-izm-k-
ß-fn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p.
$ PohnXw Xs∂ ka-c-am-Ip∂ Ah-
ÿ.
$ Zmcn-ZysØ NqjWw sNøp∂
aXw-t]m-ep≈ ÿm]-\-߃
$
4. IpSpw_ _‘-߃°v \¬In-bn-
cn-°p∂ ]m[m\yw
$ dn®n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw kn\n-
a-bn¬ NnXo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv
Fßs\?
$ IpSp-_-Po-hnX ]›m-Øew dn®n-
bpsS XI¿®sb sshIm-cn-I-ambn
i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂pt≠m?
$ dn®n ˛ `mcy ˛ aI≥ Ch¿ XΩn-
ep≈ ]c-kv]-c-_‘w NnXo-I-cn-
®n-cn-°p∂ Zriy-߃ \evIp∂
kqN-\-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h.
$ ISpØ Zmcn-Zy-Ønepw sI´p-d-∏p≈
IpSpw-_w.
$ Pohn -°m-\mbn Ah¿°v
ssk°nƒt]mepw ]W-b-s∏-Sp-
tØ≠nhcp-∂p.
$ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p∂
]pX-∏p -Iƒt]mepw dn®n -bpsS
tPmen -°p -th≠n ]Wbw
hbv°m≥ Xbm-dm-Ip∂ `mcy.
$ ssk°nƒ At\z -j-W-Øn¬
dn®nsb ]n¥p-S-cp∂ aI≥.
$ aIs\ ]pg-tbm-c-Øp-h®v ImWm-Xm-
Ip-tºmƒ dn®n-bpsS DXvI-WvT.
$ aI\v Ah≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ `£-
W-sa-¶nepw hmßn \¬Im≥ Xbm-
dm-hp∂ dn®n.
$ dn®nsb ImWm-Xm -hp -tºmƒ
Abmsf cmXn-bn¬ At\z-jn-s®-
Øp∂ `mcy.
$ `¿Øm-hn\v tPmen In´n-b-t∏mƒ
AXn-\m-bp≈ ]m¿Y\ \nd-th-
‰p∂ `mcy.
$ NnXm -¥y -Øn¬ ]c-kv]cw
ssIsIm¿Øp \S-°p∂ dn®nbpw
aI\pw.
CØcw Zriy-߃ dn®n-bpsS IpSpw-_-
_-‘-Øns‚ Bghpw Xoh-Xbpw
hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fnse CØcw
khn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬ Du∂n NnX-Øn\v
Hcp Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.
eLq]-\ymkw
ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°ƒ F∂ kn\n-
a-bpsS tIµ-]-ta-b-ambn teJ-I≥
\nco -£n -°p∂ ]Xymi F∂
Bibw NnX-Ønse hnhn[ Zriy-ß-
fn¬/kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ Fßs\
Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p∂p F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-
So®¿ sSIvÃv 119
°p-I-bmWv ]h¿Ø-\--Øns‚ Dt±-iyw.
Ne-®n-X-Ønse ]m[m-\-s∏´ Nne
cwK-ß-fpsS hni-I-e -\ -Øn -eqsS
amXta Cu Bibw e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q.
ssk°nƒ tamjvSm°-fn¬ as‰-¥n-t\-
°m-fp-a-[nIw ][m-\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv
NnXw apt∂m-´p-sh-bv°p∂ ]Xym-i-
bmWv F∂ teJ-Is‚ \nco-£Ww
NnX-Ønse kµ¿ -߃ ap≥\n¿Øn
hni-I-e\w sNøp-I-bmWv th≠-Xv.
$ ]Xymi F∂ Bibw NnXsØ
kw_-‘n®v Fß-s\-bmWv ][m-
\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv?
$ ]Xym-i-bpsS kqN-\-Iƒ ]I-S-am-
hp∂ Zriy-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?
Ne-®nXw I≠ A\p- -h-Øns‚ shfn-
®-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS A`n-]m-
b-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.
hnt‰m-dnb Unko° ss_kn-°nƒ
Xohvkv F∂ ]tabw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-
Xp-Xs∂ ASn-ÿm-\-h¿§-Øns‚ Pohn-
XsØ bYmXYambn NXo-I-cn-°p-∂-
Xn\pwIqSn-bm-Wv. Ac-£n-X-amb Hcp
kaq-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈,
\s√mcp \msf-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]Xym-
i-bmWv BXy-¥n-I-ambn kn\n-a-bpsS
]tabw. Cu ASn-ÿm\ Bibw Ip´n-
Iƒ°v e`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠-h:
$ NnXw Bcw- n-°p-∂Xv sXmgn-en-\p-
th≠n IqSn\n¬°p∂ P\-ß-fpsS
]Xo£ Im´n-s°m-≠mWv. hyXy-
kvX-sXm-gn -ep -Iƒ sNøp-∂-h¿
Xß-fpsS t]cv hnfn -°p-∂Xpw
ImØv £a-tbmsS \n¬°p-I-bm-
Wv. ssk°nƒ Ds≠-¶nte tPmen
D≈q F∂ taep-tZym-K-ÿs‚ ap∂-
dn-bn-∏n\v ssk°nƒ D≠v F∂p-
Xs∂ Abmƒ DØcw ]d-bp-∂p.-
Xs‚ ]Wbwh® ssk°nƒ Fß-
s\-bm -bmepw hos≠-Sp -°m≥
Ignbpw F∂ ]Xym-i-bmWv AXn-
\p-]n-d-In¬.
$ ]pX-∏p -Iƒ ]W-b-s∏-SpØn
ssk°nƒ ]W-b-∏o-Sn-I-bn¬ \n∂v
Xncn-s®-SpØv ]pd-tØ°v hcp∂
dn®n X\n°v e`n-°m≥ t]mIp∂
iº-f-sØ-°p-dn-®pw Hmh¿ ssSan-
s\-°p-dn®pw `mcy-tbmSv kt¥m-j-
tØmsS ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. \jvS-s∏-´p-
t]mbn F∂p Icp-Xp∂ PohnXw
Xncn -®p -]n -Sn -°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂
]Xym-i-bmWv At∏mƒ Ah-cn¬
sXfn™p \n¬°p-∂-Xv.
$ ssk°nƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ignbpw
F∂ ]Xym-i-bmWv AX-t\z-jn®v
sXcp -hp -I -fn -eqsS Ae-bm≥
dn®nsb t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
Zpcn-X-ß-fpsS temI-Øp-\n∂v ]Xo-
£m-\n¿`-c-amb Hcp Pohn-X-Øn-te-
°p≈ bmX-bpsS ]Xo -IamWv
ssk°nƒ. AXv ASn-ÿm\ h¿§-
Øns‚ hntam-N-\-Øn-s‚bpw kqN-\-
bm-Wv. ssk°nƒ A]-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xn-eqsS B hntam-N-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈
kz]v\-ß-fmWv C√m-Xm-hpp -∂-Xv.
F∂m¬ dn®nbpw IpSpw-_hpw AXn¬
hne-]n®v Ccn-°p-I-b√ sNøp-∂Xv.
Abmƒ km[y-amb F√m hgn-I-fn-eq-
sSbpw Xs‚ ssk°nƒ Xnc-™p-t]m-
Ip-∂p. A]-l-cn-°-s∏´ ssk°nƒ
Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]Xo-I-am-Wv. \msf
AXv Is≠-Øp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw F∂
ssÿcyw Abm-fpsS apJ-Øp-≠v.
120 lb¿ sk°‚dn
ssItIm¿Øp \S-°p∂ aI-\n-te°v
B ]Xymi ]I-cp-∂n-S-ØmWv NnXw
Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv.
Is≠-Ønb Zriy-kq-N-\-Iƒ hymJym-
\n-®p-sIm≠v eLq]-\ymkw Xøm-dm-°-
s´.
D]-\ymkw
c≠p ]mT-`m-K-ß-sfbpw tN¿Øp-h®v
]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw c≠n¬\n∂pw
t\Snb Bi-b-ßsf ]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn
]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pwth≠n-
bp≈ ]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv.
Ne-®n-X-Øns‚ ]Z¿i-\-Øn-\p-ap-
ºmbn tNmZn® tNmZy-߃ Bh¿Øn-
®p-sIm≠v ]h¿Ø\w Bcw- n-°m-hp-
∂-Xm-Wv.
$ ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fpsS CXn-
hrØw ssS∏v amXr-I-bn-ep-≈-
XmtWm?
$ kº-∂-cpsS / D]-cn-h¿§-Øns‚
Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-amtWm ]tabw?
$ ssewKn-I-Xbpw kwL-´-\-cw-K-
ßfpw A\m-h-iy-amb sshIm-cn-I-
Xbpw IpØn-\n-d® ]ta-b-amtWm?
$ IY ip`-]-cy-h-kmbn-bmtWm?
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h.
$ temI-kn -\n -a -bnse Xs∂
hnkvabam-bn-cp∂p A°m-e-Øv
ssk°nƒ tamjvSm -°ƒ.
Bh¿Ø\ hnc-k-amb ]ta-b-߃
amXw hmWn-Py-hnPbØn\mbn
apJy-[mcm kn\n-a-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®n-
cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv bYm¿Y
PohnX ]cn-k-cØp-h®v km[m-c-W-
°m-cmb a\p-jy-cpsS PohnXw
Uko° ]ta-b-am-°p-∂-Xv.
$ Pohn-X-Øns‚ bYm-¿∞-amb Bhn-
jv°-cWw e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-
Xs∂ AXp-hsc Iyma-d-bv°p-ap-
∂n¬ hcmØ km[m-c-W-a-\p-jysc
A`n-t\Xm-°-fmbn ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-
Ønbpw bYm¿∞-amb sXcp-hp-I-
fn¬ Xs∂ NnXo -I-cWw \S-
Ønbpw BWv ssk°n-ƒ tamjvSm-
°-ƒ kwhn-[mbI≥ Hcp°nbn-´p-
≈-Xv.
$ IYm]mX-߃ hm¿∏v amXr-I-bn¬
D≈-h-cmtWm?
$ \mb-I≥ ]Xn-\m-b-I≥ \mbnI
lmky-\-S≥ CXc ssS∏p-Iƒ
BtWm?
$ [oc\pw F¥pw sNøm≥ Icp-Øp-
≈-h\pw FX t]tcmSv thW-sa-
¶nepw FXn-cn´p Pbn-°m≥ Ign-bp-
∂-h\pw BtWm?
$ bmsXmcp sX‰pw sNømØ \∑-
bpsS Ah-Xm-c-]p-cp-j≥ BtWm?
$ dn®n-bpsS IYm-]mX khn-ti-j-X-
Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´. Ah-
cpsS \nco-£-W-߃ tImUo-I-cn-
°-Ww. tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-
≠h.
˛ Zcn-Z≥
˛ \nlmb≥
˛ km[m-c-W-°m-c≥
˛ sXmgn-en-√msX Ae-bp-∂-h-cpsS
]Xn-\n[n
So®¿ sSIvÃv 121
˛ F√m-bn-SØpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
$ P\-]n-b-kn-\n-a-bpsS ]Xn-]m-Z-\-
coXn
˛ AXn-ssh-Im-cnIw
˛ IrXnaw
˛ bYm¿∞y-Øn-\p-t\sc IÆ-Sbv-°p-
∂p.
˛ tN¿t°≠ tNcph-I-sf√mw
tN¿°p-∂p.
˛ ]pd-ta-bp≈ Imcy-߃ amXw ]d-
™p-t]m-Ip-∂p.
˛ hnt\m-Zn-∏n-°-emWv apJye£yw
ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fnse ]Xn-]m-
Z-\-co-Xn-bn-ep-≈ hyXym-k-߃ Ip´n-
Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h:
˛ bYm-X-Y-amb NnXo-I-c-W-coXn
˛ \ndw ]nSn-∏n® \pW-I-fn√
˛ XoIvjv -W-amb kmaq -ln -I -bm -
Ym¿∞yßsf AtX-]Sn
]I¿Øp∂ -coXn
˛ Du∂¬ kaq-l-Øn\v
˛ a\p-jys‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-iv\-ß-fn-
te°v hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂p.
P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-fpsS coXn-bn¬
\n∂pw ss_ssk°nƒ Xohvkv Fßn-
s\-sb√mw hyXy-kvX-am-Ip∂p F∂v
Xncn-®-dn™v Hcp D]-\ymkw Xøm-dm-
°-s´.
ssI∏mSv
]mTm-]-K-Y\w
"]pg, IS-en¬ tNcp∂ Agn-ap-J-Xo-c-
Øn\v ]nd-In-embn HmcpPew Ibdn
\n¬°p∂ Imb-ep-I-tfmSp tN¿∂v
G‰n-d-°-ß-fn¬ ]pjvSn-]m-]n-°p∂
sNfn-]p-X™ NXp-∏p-I-fmWv ssI∏m-
Sp-\n-e-߃' ˛ hSt° ae-_m-dnse,
"ssI∏mSv' F∂v hnfn-®p-h-cp∂ ]tXy-
I-Xcw `qhn- m-K-ßsf kw_-‘n-®p-≈
_m_p Imº-Øns‚ tUmIyp-sa‚dn
Bcw- n-°p-∂Xv Cu hni-Zo-I-c-W-tØm-
sS-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ hm°p-Iƒ sIm≠√
Cu NnXw ssI∏mSv F¥mWv F∂v
\sΩ A\p-`-hn-∏n°p-∂-Xv. ssI∏mSv
\ne-ß-fpsS ssPh-]m
[m\ytØmsSm∏w AXv a\p-jys‚bpw
a‰ v Pohn -h¿§-ß-fp -sSbpw \ne-
\n¬∏n\p Xs∂ FX-amXw ][m-\-
s∏-´XmsW∂pw kq£-va-ambn Cu
NnXw \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øpw.
ssI∏m-Sp-Ifnse aÆns‚ khn-ti-j-
X-Ifpw Hmtcm EXp-hnepw B aÆn-\p-
h-∂p-tN-cp∂ am‰-ßfpw Xncn-®-dn-™p-
sIm-≠p≈ Irjn-co-Xn-I-fmWv ChnsS
]tbmKn-°p-∂Xv. Cu Irjn-co-Xn-bn¬
a\p-jy≥ amX-a√ `mK-`m-°mIp-∂Xv
F∂v \ap°v Ahn-iz-k\ob coXn-
bnemWv Cu NnXw Im´n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv.
ssI∏m-Sp-I-fnse Pe-Po-hnXhpw Ahn-
SsØ ]mWn-tem-Ihpw Atß-b‰w
kq£va-ambn NnXw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-
≠v. ]IrXn Hcp-°p∂ IoS-\n-b-¥-W-
kw-hn-[m-\-Øn¬ Xq°Wmw Ipcp-hn-
Ifpw a‰p sNdp-In-fn-Ifpw mK`m-°m-hp-
∂p. ssI∏mSp \ne-ß-fnse ssPh-ssh-
hn-[yhpw AXn¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw
PohnX coXn-Ifpw ChnsS \sΩ Aº-
cn-∏n-°pw. s\¬hnØv ]mIp-∂-Xn-\mbn
122 lb¿ sk°‚dn
\new Hcp-°p-∂-Xp-ap-X¬ hnØnS¬,
Rmdp-I-fpsS ]me\w, IoS-\n-b-¥Ww
XpSßn s\√v sImøp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bp≈
ssI∏m-Sp-I-fnse Irjn-co-Xn-bpsS
]tXy-IX B aÆn-t\mSp tN¿∂p-\n-
∂mWv Cu NnXw ]I¿Øp-∂-Xv.
ssI∏mSv Pohn-XsØ c≠p `mK-ß-
fmbn ]Ip-Øp-sIm-≠mWv NnXw Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ag-°mew s\¬Irjn-
°m-e-amWv ssI∏m-Sn\v. s\¬Irjn
Ign-bp-∂-tXmsS ssI∏mSv \ne-߃
as‰mcp coXn-bn¬ a\p-jy\pw a‰v Pohn-
h¿§-߃°pw Pohn-tXm-]m-[n-bm-Ip-
∂p. ssI∏m-Sp-I-fnse kar-≤-amb a’y-
k-ºØpw Ah Fßs\-bmWv ]Ir-
Xn-tbm-Sn-W-ßnb am¿§ßfn-eqsS a\p-
jys‚ Pohn-X-Øn\v klm-b-I-am-hp-∂-
sX∂pw NnXw Im´n -Ø-cp -∂p-≠v.
ao≥]n-Sn-ØØns‚ Kmao-W-amb coXn-
I-fpsS, X\-Xmb D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS
A\p- hw NnXw ChnsS \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.
ssI∏mSv \ne-ß-fn -te°v ]d-s∂-
Øp∂ sF_n-kv , ImS -s°m-°v,
aW¬t°m-gn, Fc-≠-Iƒ XpSßn
\mev]-Ø-t©mfw tZim-S-\-°n-fn-I-
fpsS IuXp-I-I-c-amb PohnX co-Xn-Ifpw
Cc-tX-S-ense sshNnXyhpw ASpØp
\n∂v NnXo-I-cn-°p-∂p≠v Chn-sS.
ssI∏mSv F∂ tUmIy-psa‚dn kn\na
kº-Zm -bn -I -amb ]cn -ÿnXn
tUmIypsa‚-dn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-
kvX-am-Ip∂ Hcp ][m\-Xew, DS-\ofw
AXv ]pe¿Øp∂ imkvXo-b-amb
kao-]-\-co-Xn-bm-Wv. ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb
\in-∏n-°m≥ a\p-jy≥ Bbp-[-am-°p-
∂Xv imkvX-Øns‚ hnIm-k-sØbpw
AXns‚ D]-I-c-W-ß-sfbpw AXv
apt∂m-´p-h-bv°p∂ hnI-k\ coXn-I-
sfbpw BWv. ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb sshIm-
cn-I-ambn sI´n-∏p-W¿∂v amXw Cu
ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isf hna¿in-°m≥ Ign-bn-
√. sshIm-cnI hnt£-m -ßfpw Bflo-
b-X-tbm-f-sa-Øp∂ ]Ir-Xym-cm-[-\bpw
sIm≠v imkvX-]-£-hm-Zn-I-fpsS ]cn-
lm-k-߃°v adp-]Sn \¬Im≥ Ign-
bn-√. ]Ir-Xn-bnse imkvXsØ,
AXns‚ \ne-\n-ev]ns‚ ASn-ÿm\
]mT-ßsf bp‡n-tbm-sSbpw kXy-k-
‘-X-tbm -sSbpw FSp -Øp -Im -´n -
s°m≠pamXta AXv km[n -°q.
ssPhnI _‘-ß-fpsS XpS¿®bpw ]c-
kv]--cm-in-X-Xz-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Ifpw
imkvXo-b-ambn Xs∂ Is≠Øn
Ah-X-cn -∏n -°m≥ ssI∏mSv F∂
tUmIy-sa‚dn NnX-Øn\v km[n-°p-
∂p-≠v.
]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-amb ]ta-b߃ apt∂m-
´p-h-°p∂ tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\n-a-I-
fpsS Du∂¬ an°-t∏mgpw a\p-jy≥
]Ir-Xn-t°-ev]n-°p∂ BLm-X-ßsf
Zriy-h¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xnem-bn-cn-°pw.
apdn-™p-ho-gp∂ ac-ßfpw \nI-Ø-s∏-
Sp∂ hb-tee-Ifpw CSn-™p-Xo¿∂p-
t]m-Ip∂ Ip∂p-Ifpw aeo-a-k-am-Ip∂
\o¿®m-ep-Ifpw Ah-bnse ][m\
Zriy-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw. oam-Im-c-amb sP.
kn. _nbpsS ssII-fpsS bm-\-I-amb
Zriy-ßfpw I√p-sh- p-b-¥-ßfpsSbpw
aW¬ Ib-‰n-∏m-bp∂ temdn-I-fpsSbpw
ItTm-c-i-_vZhpw Ah-bpsS Hgn-®p-Iq-
Sm≥ Ign -bmØ LS-I-ß-fm -hpw.
F∂m¬ ssI∏m-Sns‚ kwhn-[m-b-I≥
AØc-Øn-ep -≈ Zriyßsfm∂pw
Xs‚ tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-
So®¿ sSIvÃv 123
∂n-√. ]Ir-Xn -\m-i-Øns‚ NnX-
߃°p ]Icw At±lw tXSp-∂Xv
]Ir-Xn-bpsS kuµ-cy-sØ-bmWv,
AXns‚ ssPh-k-º-Øn-s\-bm-Wv,
]mc -kv] -cy -sØ-bm -Wv. AXn -kq -
Ivjvaamb B kuµ-cym-flI XesØ
Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ t]£-I¿°v Ign-bp-
tºmƒ Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-Øn-emWv
AXn-s\-bmsI XI¿Øp-I-f-bp∂
Iq‰≥ b¥-ß-fpsS apcƒ® apg-ßp-I.
CS-\m-S≥ Ip∂p-I-fp-sSbpw Ahn-SsØ
\o¿®m-ep-I-fp-sSbpw ]mcn-ÿn-XnI-amb
]m[m\yw FSp-Øp-Im-´p∂ "Im\w',
aq∂m-dns‚ kuµ-cy-sØbpw ]cn-ÿn-
Xn-sbbpw NnXo-I-cn® ""_nssl≥Uv
Z anÃv'' F∂o tUmIy-psa‚-dn-I-fp-
sSbpw \n¿h-lWw CtX coXn-bn¬
Xs∂-bmWv Cu kwhn[m-b-I≥ \S-
Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.
tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m
]mTm-]-K-Y\w
IdpØ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ shfpØ
s]m´p-I-fmbn sXfn-bp∂ s_bven
A£-c-ß-fn¬, B\n-ta-‰Uv Bbn
ssIhn-c-ep-Iƒ Nen-°p-tºmƒ AXv
NnX-Øns‚ io¿j-I-am -hp∂p ˛
tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m? tIƒhn-bp-sStbm
ImgvN-bp-sStbm ]iv\-ß-fn¬ HXp-ßp-
∂n√ ]t£ Cu lkz-Nn-Xw. \mw
tIƒ°msX t]mIp∂ i_vZ-ßfpw
ImWmsX t]mIp∂ ImgvN-Ifpw FX-
amXw ][m-\-amWv F∂v Ne-®nX
`mj-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-
SpØn \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
Akv\ F∂ A‘-bmb s]¨Ip-
kn\n-a-bpsS P\\w Xs∂ lkz-kn-\n-a-I-fm-bm-Wv. eqan-b¿ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿]I¿Ønb BZysØ Ne-®n-X-°m-gvN-Iƒ an\p-´p-I-fpsS ssZ¿Lyw amX-ap≈ Pohn-X-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. eqan-b¿NnX-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ ^o®¿ kn\n-a-I-fpsSbpw tUmIyp-sa‚dn Nn-Xß-fp-sSbpw BZy amXr-I-Iƒ ImWmw. mŒ-dn hn´p-h-cp∂ sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw tÃj-\n -se-Øp∂ Xoh-≠nbpw ImgvN-IfpsS bYmXY tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fm-sW-¶n¬ "]qt¥m-´ -°m -c≥' IY]d®nens‚ kz`mhw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.
lkz-NnXß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv temI-kn-\n-a-bnse ]Jym-X-]-Xn-`-Iƒ ]ecpwcwK-sØ-Øn-b-Xv. A`n-t\-Xm-°-fmtbmkwhn -[m -b-I-cmtbm kmt¶-XnI]h¿Ø-I-cmtbm. G‰hpw henb DZm-l-cWw Nm¿fn-Nm-πn≥ Xs∂. Nmπn≥kn\n-am-tem-I-tØ°v ]th-in-°p-∂Xv24˛mw hb-n-em-Wv. "Z InUv Bt´mtdkkv A‰v sh\nkv' F∂ lkz-Nn-X-Øn-eqsS ]n¬°m-eØv ]kn-≤-amb Ducp-sX≠n (tramp) bpsSthjw Nmπn≥ BZy-a-Wn-bp-∂Xpw CuNnX-Øn-em-Wv.
Nmπn≥, temd¬ lm¿Un-am¿ F∂n-h-scms° lkz-kn-\n-a-bpsS h‡m-°-fm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv lkz-kn-\n-a-Iƒ°v Zo¿L- o-®¿ NnX-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ hmWn-P y-aq-ey-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.bqtdm-]y≥ Xotb-‰-dp -I-fn¬ ChBÀm-Z -]q¿∆w kzoI-cn°s∏´p.Nmπn\pw temd¬ lm¿Un-amcpw]n¬°m-eØv Zo¿L-kn-\n-a-I-fpsS hgn-Iƒ Is≠-ØnbtXmsS lkz-kn-\n-a-I-fpsS ]Xm]w aßn-Øp-S-ßn.
\n¿Ωm-W-°-º-\n-Ifpw ÃpUn-tbm-Ifpw ]pXnb kmt¶-XnI ]co -
lkz-kn-\n-a-Iƒ
124 lb¿ sk°‚dn
£W߃ \S-Øp-∂Xv sNdp-Nn-X-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. B\n-ta-j≥, ku≠vsSIvt\m-fPn XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fnsehnπ-I-c-ß-fmb XpS-°-߃ Fßs\kzoI-cn-°-s∏Spw F∂-dn-bp-∂Xv lkz-NnX ]co-£-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.
kmt¶-XnIcwKsØ \ntXy\sb-t∂m-W-ap≈ hf¿® lkz-Nn-X-߃°v]pXnb km[y-X-Iƒ Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂p. HcpsNdp -kn -\n -a -sb-Sp -°p -I -sb-∂XvC∂sØ ImeØv henb kw -h-a-√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \n߃°v \nß-fpsSKma-Øn-en-cp-∂p-sIm≠v Hcp lkz-kn-\na \n¿Ωn-s®-Sp-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈p.B NnXw temI-k-a£w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ hn\n-ab irwJ-ebpw Isø-Øm-hp∂X Acn-In-ep-≠v. Imewlkz-Nn-X-ß-fpsS hf¿®bv°v A\p-Iq-e-am-Wv. kn\na ]Tn-®p-h-cp-∂-h¿Ct∏mgpw Ah-cpsS hc-h-dn-bn-°p-∂Xvan°-t∏mgpw sNdnb kn\n-a-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. sNdnb Imew sIm≠v sNdnbapX¬ap-S-°p-]-tbm-Kn®v Xß-fpsS ]Xn-`m-am\w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ an\p- p-IƒssZ¿Ly-ap≈ Hcp NnXw sIm≠v \hm-K-X¿°v km[n-°p-∂p.
temI-Øn\v Xnc-t°-dp-I-bm-Wv. Hcpapgp-\of NnXw ImWm-\p≈ £a]pXp-tem-I-Øn\v ssItam-i-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. At∏mgpw A¿∞-h-Ømb ImgvNIƒ A]-k-‡-am-hp-∂p-an-√. F¶n¬ ]pXnb ImesØ t\cn-Sm-\p≈ £aX sNdp-kn-\n-a-Iƒ°vXs∂-bm-Wv.
lkz-Nn-X-ßsf Hcp hn`m-K-ambnImWp-tºmƒ Ahbv°v s]mXp-hmbNne kz`m-h-ß-fp-s≠∂v Icp-XpIkzm`m-hn -Iw. sNdp-kn-\n -a -I-fpsSs]mXp-kz- m-h-߃ \n¿h-Nn-°m-\p≈ia-߃ ]mfn-t∏m-hp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. ssZ¿LysØ°pdn®v t]mepwHcp s]mXp-[m-cW CXp-hsc cq]-s∏-
´nsb tIµ-am-°n-s°m-≠mWv kwhn-
[m-bnI tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂ lkz-
NnXw Hcp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. ]pg-tbm-
csØ ssaXm-\-Øn\v kao-]-ap≈ Hcp
Hmt´m-sam-ss_¬ h¿°vtjm∏v BWv
NnX-Øns‚ ][m\ ]›m-Ø-ew.
AhnsS tPmen sNøth Akv\-bpsS
]nXmhv ac-W-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. DΩ ho´p-
the sNbvXmWv Ah¿ Pohn-°p-∂-Xv.
Ah[nZn\-ß-fn¬ Akv\sb
h¿°vtjm-∏n¬ Ccp-Øn-bmWv DΩ
tPmen°v t]mIm-dv. ssaXm-\-Øn¬
Ifn°p∂ Iq´p-Im-cpsS i_vZ-amWv
Akv\-bpsS ]I-ep-Isf kPo-h-am-°p-
∂-Xv. Ifn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n-epw, Ifn ImWp-
∂n-s√-¶nepw i_vZw sIm≠v Ahƒ°-
Xns‚ apt∂-‰-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-
bpw. CXn-s\-°pdn-s®√mw ]t£, sNdp-
kq-N-\-Iƒ amXta Cu kn\n-a-bn-ep-
≈q.
ImgvN-sbbpw tIƒhn-sbbpw BWv
tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂ NnX-Øn-eqsS
kwhn-[m-bn-I-bmb KoXp-tam-l≥Zmkv
]iv\-h-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H∂pw ImWm-
sXbpw tIƒ°m-sXbpw Ccn-°p∂,
I≠n´pw tI´n´pw Aßs\ \Sn-°m-Xn-
cn-°p∂ kaq-l-tØmSv \nin-X-amb
Nne tNmZy-߃ kwhn-[m-bnI D∂-
bn-°p-∂p-≠v. NnX-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬
Xs∂ Xs‚ Iq´p-Im-tcmSv Ifn-bpsS
Imcy-߃ hnfn®p tNmZn-°p∂ Akv\-
tbmSv h¿°vtjm-∏nse ]Wn-°m-c-\mb
Nmt°m ]d-bp-∂p≠v ""\o, ]d-bp-∂-
sXm∂pw Ah¿ tIƒ°m≥ t]mIp-
∂n√'' F∂v. Akv\-bpsS DØcw
""F\n-s°√mw tIƒ°m-at√m'' F∂m-
Wv. ]gb \nc-Øp-Iƒ°p-]-Icw hoXn-
So®¿ sSIvÃv 125
´n -´ n -√. " lkz -kn -\n -a -I -sf -∂m¬ssZ¿Lyw Ipd™ kn\na' F∂ A]-cym-]vX-amb Hcp \n¿h-N\w Ct∏mgpw\ne-\n¬°p-∂p. Ata-cn -°-bnseA°m-Zan H^v tamj≥ ]nIvN¿B¿Svkv B‚v kb≥kkv lkz-Nn-X-ßsf 40 an\p- n¬ Xmsg ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ NnX-ßsf∂v \n¿h-Nn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. _n´ojv A°m-Zan Hm^v nenw 30an\p-´n¬ Xmsg amX-amWv lkz-Nn-X-߃°v \n›-bn® ssZ¿Lyw.
\n¿h-N -\ -ßfpw s]mXp -kz -`mh\n¿tZi-ßfpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-tºmgpwlkz-kn-\n-a-Iƒ Ah-bp-tS-Xmb khn-ti-j-a-WvUew ÿm]n®p Ign-™n- p-≠v. sshhn-[y-amWv Hcp khn-tijhn`m-K-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ lkz-kn-\n-asbIqSp-X¬ ]k-‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. tÃj-\n-se-Øp∂ Xoh-≠n-bpsS t\¿°m-g-N-bn¬ XpSßn km[y-X-I-fpsS \qdm-bncw hgn-Iƒ Is≠-Øm-\p≈ ia-߃ sNdp-N- -°q- n¬ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
Iq-Snb tdmUp-Iƒ hcp-tºmƒ IpSn-sbm-
gn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS k¶-S-߃°pw
ssaXm-\-Øn¬ ]Sp-Iq-‰≥ vfm‰v kap-
®bw hcp-tºmƒ kz¥w Imen-\-Sn-
bnse aÆv Hen-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-s\-°p-
dn -®p≈ DXvI-WvT-Iƒ°pw Ahƒ
km£n-bm-sW∂pIqSn CXn-t\mSv
tN¿Øp-hm-bn-°p-tºmtg tIƒ°p-
∂pt≠m? F∂ tNmZy-Øns‚ [z\n-
Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bq. ""Cu®bpw
]q®bpw I™n-sh-®p. \√ kzmZp≈
I™n'' F∂v Akv\ ]d-bp∂ IY-bn-
emWv NnXw Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv. IY-bpsS
`mh-\m-tem-IØv Ahƒ \n¿an-°p∂
Cu®bv°pw ]q®bv°pw ]ip-hn\pw ac-
߃°pw Ip´n°pw ]t£ Idp∏v \nd-
am-Wv. IY-bpsS temI-ØmWv Akv\
Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. Ahƒ F√m-bvt∏mgpw
IY-Iƒ D≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw
Dds° ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v.
]t£ Cu IY-Iƒ ISpw-h¿W-ß-fn-
ep≈hb-√. \nd-ß-fn-eq-sS-b√ i_vZ-
ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Ahƒ Np‰p-ap≈
temIsØ Xncn -® -dn -bp -∂-Xv .
h¿°vtjm∏v apS-°-amb Znhkw AΩ
]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ ho´n-te°v AΩ-tbm-
sSm∏w sN√p∂ Ahƒ H®-bn-√mØ
Hcp temI-ØmWv FØp∂-Xv. XØ-
bp-sSbpw ]q®-bp-sSbpw IY-bp-≠m-°n-
bm-Wv. Ahƒ Cu Ah-ÿsb adn-I-S-
°p-∂-Xv. IY-bnse HmSn-t∏m-Ip∂ ]q®-
tbmSv XØ tNmZn-°p∂p:
""Ftßm´m ]qt® \o Ic-t™m≠v
HmSp-∂Xv?'' ""ChnsS H®-sbm-∂p-an-√.
Rm≥ H®-bp≈ ÿe-tØ°v HmSn-t∏m-
hp-Ibm'' F∂mWv ]q®-bpsS DØcw.
H®-bn-√mØ temIØv H‰-bv°m-°-s∏-
Sp∂ Akv\-bpsS a\-p-X-s∂-bm-Wn-
Xv. InkvXp-a-ns‚ i_vZ-tLm-j-ß-
fn¬ Ahƒ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v.
i_vZw t]mse Xs∂ \nd-ß-sfbpw
khn-ti-j-amb A¿Y-hym-]vXn-tbm-sS-
bmWv NnXw ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-
≈-Xv. ISpw-h¿W-ß-fpsS hn`-an-∏n-
°p∂ temIØv Ahƒ Xo¿Ø H‰-\n-
d -Øn -ep≈ ]mWn -Iƒ Poh\pw
sImt≠m-Sp-∂p. ]n¶v \nd-Øn-ep≈
BIm-i-sØbpw \oe-\n-d-Øn-ep≈
kqcy-s\bpw t\m°m≥ Ign-bmsX
Ahƒ \ne-hn-fn-°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv Iq´p-
Im¿ Ifn -°p∂ ssaXm-\ -Øn¬
^vfm‰ns‚ \n¿am-W-am-cw-`n-°p-tºmƒ
126 lb¿ sk°‚dn
Ahƒ Nmt°m-tbmSv tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv,
^vfm‰n-s\m∏w \n¿an-°p∂ ]pXnb
ssaXm-\-Øn\v F¥m \ndw F∂mWv?
Nmt°m \nw-K-\mbn ]d-bp∂p:
Nph∏v. Akv\-bpsS mh-\m-tem-I-sØ,
IdpØ \nd-Øn-ep≈sX¶nepw Ip∂p-
Ifpw Acp-hn-Ifpw ac-ßfpw \nd™
Kma-Øn¬ Nph∏v ]S-cp-I-bm-Wv. Ip∂p-
Ifpw ac-ßfpw hoSp -Ifpw `oI-c -
i_vZtØmsS s]mfn™p hogp-∂p.
F√mw Nph-∏n¬ aqSp-∂p. Nph-∏ns\
t\m°m≥ Ign -bmsX Cu®bpw
]q®bpw c£-s∏-Sm-\mbn HmSn-t\m-°p-
∂p-s≠-¶nepw HSp-hn¬ Idp-Ø-s]m- p-
I-fmbn Ah ad-bp-∂p.
\K-c-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-s‚ Bkp-c-X-bn¬
XI¿∂p hogp∂ Kmahpw AXns‚
`mK-am -bp≈ IpSn -sbm -gn -∏n -°-ep -
IfpamWv Cu NnX-Øns‚ A¥¿[m-
c. ]pXnb Ime-Øn-s‚bpw ]gb Ime-
Øn-s‚bpw aqey-ßfpw Xmc-Xayw
sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Xs‚ Poh-\-°m-c-
\mbncp∂ BfpsS aIsf h¿°vtjm-
∏n¬ sIm≠p-h∂v kwc-£n-°p∂
sXmgn-em-fn-Isf DSa iIm-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
"A∏≥ ]Wn-°m-c -\m -sW-∂p-h®v
CXns\ Gs‰-Sp-°m-\p≈ _m[y-X-
sbm∂pw X\n-°n√' F∂-Xn-t\mSv
tN¿Øv Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv "CXn-s\-
sb-∂-√, Bscbpw' F∂m-Wv. Abmƒ
h¿°vtjm∏v \n¬°p∂ ÿew IqSn
^vfm‰v kap-®-b-Øns‚ DS-a-Iƒ°v
hn¬°m-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n-em-Wv. aÆv
a\p-jy\pw a‰v Poh-Pm-e-߃°p-ap≈
Bhm-k-ÿ-e-sa∂ ImgvN-∏mSv amdp-
Ibpw hn¬°m\pw em`w t\Sm-\pap≈
Hcp hkvXp Bbn amdp-Ibpw sNøp∂
\ap°p Np‰n-ep-ap≈ kmaq-lnI Pohn-
X-]-cn-kcw Xs∂-bmWv NnX-Øn-ep-≈-
Xv. ]t£, Xs‚ em -\-jvS-ßsf amXw
ImWp-Ibpw tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNøp∂
Hcp temI-I-a-Øn¬, \mw ImWm-
sXbpw tIƒ°m-sXbpw t]mIp∂
sNdnbsX¶nepw ]c-a-]-[m-\-amb H®-
Iƒ tIƒ°p-Ibpw ImgvN-Iƒ Im´n-Ø-
cn-I-bp-amWv Cu sIm®p-NnXw sNøp-
∂-Xv.
Akv\ Akvew F∂ ImgvN-ti-jn-bn-
√mØ Ip´n Xs∂-bmWv NnX-Øn¬
Akv\-bmbn A`n-\-bn-®-Xv. Ah-fpsS
kzm`m-hn-I-amb ]Xn-I-c-W-ßsf Ne-
®nX kµ¿`-tØmSv tN¿Øp sh®v
henb A¿Y-am-\-߃ \¬Im≥ kwhn-
[m-bn-Ibv°v Ign-™n-´p-≠v. ImgvN-bn-
√m-Ø-h-cpsS temIsØ°pdn®v AXn-
ssh-Im-cn-IX Ie¿Øn∏d™v klm-
\p- q-Xn-bp-W¿Øm≥ Cu NnXw ian-
°p-∂n-√.
]mT- m-K-Øn-te°v
lkz-Nn-X-ß-fpsS s]mXp-kz- m-h-߃
Ip´n-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp -ØpI.
AXn\p -tijw ssI∏m-S v ,
tIƒ°p∂pt≠m F∂o lkzNnX-ß-
fn-¬ Ah FX-amXw D≠v F∂v Ip´n-
Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.
H∏w ]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-ambn \n¿tZ-in®
Hcm-i-bhpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v \¬Im-hp-∂-
Xm-Wv.
ssI∏mSv, tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂o
NnX-ßsf ]tabXe-Øn¬ _‘n-∏n-
°p∂ LS-I-߃ Fs¥-√m-amWv?
So®¿ sSIvÃv 127
Ah hyXykvX coXn-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-
cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv?
XpS¿∂v Ne-®nXw Bh¿Øn®p
ImWm≥ Ah-kcw Hcp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
hni-I-e\w
ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fnepw tIƒ°p-
∂p-t≠m-bnepw Ip´n-Iƒ°v \n¿Wm-bI
ÿm\w \¬In-b-Xns‚ bp‡nsb
hni-I-e\w sNøm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ Cu
]h¿Ø\w c≠p NnX-ß-fp-sSbpw
Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-\p-ti-jta sNøm-\m-hq.
Cu ImgvN-∏m-tSmsS NnXsØ hni-I-
e\w sNø-s´.
˛ ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fn¬ Ip´n-
bmb _qtWmbv°v FX-amXw
]m[m-\y-ap-s≠∂v Is≠-Ø-s´.
˛ _qtWmbpw ssk°n-fp-am-bp≈
_‘w hy‡-am-°p∂ ko\p-Iƒ
Xncn-®-dn-b-s´.
˛ ssk°nƒ Xnc-®n-en¬ _qtWm-
sb-°qSn ]¶m-fn-bm-°p-∂Xv F¥p-
sIm-≠m-hmw.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc≠-Xv:
ssk°nƒ apXn¿∂h¿°v Hcp bmXm-
hm-l\w amX-am-sW-¶n¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°v
Hcp kz]v\-am-Wv. dn®n°v Xs‚ sXmgn-
en-\p≈ D]m-[n-bmWv ssk°nƒ. B
ssk°n-fns‚ \jvSw t]£-I\v Hcp
sshIm-cn-Im-\p-`-h-ambn amdp-∂-Xv,
_qtWm-bpsS ssk°n-fp-am-bp≈
_‘w IqSn-t®-cp-tºm-gm-Wv. P\-ep-Iƒ
Xpd∂v \√ shfn-®-Øn¬ ssk°nƒ
\∂mbn XpS®p hrØn-bm-°p-∂Xv Ah-
\m-Wv. ]W-b-°-S-bn¬sh®v ssk°n-
fn\v sNdnb DS-hp-Iƒ ]‰n-bn-cp∂p
F∂v Ah≥ Is≠-Øp-∂p-≠v.
_qtWm F∂ Ip´n°v ssk°n-fp-am-
bp≈ _‘w AXv Ahs‚ kz]v\-
Øns‚ Atß-b-‰-Øp≈ H∂v F∂
\ne-bv°m-Wv. ssk°n-fns‚ \jvSw B
kz]v\-tem-I-Øn¬\n∂p≈ hogvN-bm-
W-h-\v.
˛ tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂ NnXw
F¥p-sIm-≠mWv ImgvN-ti-jn-bn-
√mØ Hcp Ip™ns‚ A\p-`-h-
ambn NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?
˛ Akv\-bpsS A\p- -h-tem-I-hp-ambn
_‘-s∏ v NnX-Øn¬ IS-∂p-h-cp-
∂Xv Fs¥-√m-amWv?
Ip´n-Iƒ ]Xn-I-c-W-߃ \S-Ø-s´.
tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂ NnXw Hcp
Ip´n-bpsS A\p-`-h-ambn NnXo-I-cn-®-
Xns‚ ta∑-Iƒ N¿®-bn-eqsS Db¿Øn-
s°m-≠p-h-c-Ww.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠-Xv:
˛ Hcp Ip´n-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ Akv\
D≠m-°p∂ IY-Iƒ.
˛ IY-I-fpsS A\n-ta-j≥ ]tbm-P-\-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ.
˛ apXn¿∂-h¿ tIƒ°m-ØXpw
ImWm-ØXpw Ahƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-
∂p.
Ccp kn\n-a-I-fn-sebpw Ip´n-I-fpsS
km∂n-[y-Øns‚ ]m[m-\yw, Ah
NnX-Øn\p \¬Ip∂ sshIm-cn-I-amb
i‡n, Ip´n-I-fpsS am\-kn-Im-h-ÿsb
NnXw Ah-X-cn-∏n® coXn F∂n-h-bn¬
128 lb¿ sk°‚dn
Du∂n Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm°n Ah-X-
cn-∏n-°-s´.
i_vZ-ß-fpsS km[y-X-Iƒ
tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m? F∂ NnX-Øn¬
i_vZ-ß-fpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-
s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xns‚ HuNn-Xyhpw khn-ti-
j-X-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Cu ]h¿Ø-
\-Øn-eqsS km[n-°-Ww.
˛ IYm-]mX kw`m-j-W-߃°pw
]›m-Ø-e-kw-Ko-X-Øn\pw ]pdta
Ne-®n-X-Øn¬ Fs¥ms° i_vZ-
ß-fmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv?
$ Ip´n-Iƒ Ifn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Bc-h-
߃.
$ \n¿ΩmW ]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp-
∂-Xns‚ i_vZw
$ CØcw i_vZ-߃ Cu Ne-®n-X-
Øn¬ F¥p-sIm≠v ][m-\-s∏-´-
Xm-Ip-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ N¿® sNø-s´.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠-h.
$ apJy-I-Ym-]mXw ImgvN-bn-√mØ
Hcp Ip´n-bm-Wv.
$ Np‰p-ap≈ temIØns‚ kv]µ-\-
߃ Ahƒ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-∂Xv
i_vZ-an-√m-sX-bm-Wv.
A\n-ta-j≥ Zriy-ßfpsS hni-I-e\w
tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂ NnX-Ønse
A\n-ta-j≥ Zriy-ßsf hni-I-e\w
sNøm-\mbn AØcw Zriy-ß-fpsS
Bh¿Øn-®p≈ ImgvN-bv°p≈ Ah-
kcw Hcp-°-Ww. XpS¿∂v Zriy-ß-fpsS
kqIvjva-hn-i-I-e\w \S°-Ww.
˛ A\n-ta-j≥ Zriy-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-
®Xv GsXms° kµ¿ -ß-fn-emWv?
˛ F¥p-sIm≠v A\n-ta-j≥ Cu NnX-
Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-am-Ip∂p?
-˛ A\n-ta-j≥ Zriy-ß-fpsS ]tXy-
I-X-I-fmbn Fs¥ms° Imcy-߃
Is≠Ømw?
Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS \nco-£-W-߃
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. XpS¿∂v kn\n-a-bpsS
`mh-X-e-hp-ambn Cu Zriy-ßsf _‘n-
∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Ah-cpsS \nK-a-\-߃
Ipdn-°mw.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h.
$ apJy-I-Ym-]mXw Hcp sIm®p-Ip- n-
bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, Im¿´q¨
IYm-]m-X-ß-sf-t∏mse A\n-ta-
j≥ coXn-bn¬ Akv\-bpsS `mh-
\m-tem-IsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-
∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
$ ImgvN-ti-jn-bn-√mØ Akv\-bpsS
B¥-cn-I-tem-IsØ a‰p coXn-bn¬
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI ]bm-k-I-c-am-Wv.
$ Akv\-bpsS D≈nse Kmao-W-amb
temIhpw Ahn-SsØ Poh-Pm-e-
ßfpw Idp-∏nepw shfp-∏n-ep-ap≈
A\n-ta-j≥ Zriy-ß-fn-eqsS Ah-
X-cn-∏n-®-Xnse kq£vaX it≤-
bw.
$ ]pdw-tem-I-Øns‚ ISpw-\n-d-߃
B temIsØ XI¿°pI-bm-Wv.
Xmc-X-ayw-
So®¿ sSIvÃv 129
ssI∏mSv, tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂o
lkz-Nn-X-ß-fpsS Xmc-X-ay-amWv
ChnsS \S-t°-≠p-∂-Xv. NnX-Øns‚
ImgvN-bv°p-tijw Nne tNmZy-߃
D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
˛ c≠p NnX-ß-fp-sSbpw ]ta-b-߃
XΩn¬ GsX-¶nepw coXn-bn¬
_‘n-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bptam? F]-
Imcw?
˛ c≠nepw Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp∂
ktµ-i-߃/Zriy-߃ F∂n-h-
bpt≠m?
˛ Fß-s\-sbm-s°-bmWv c≠p NnX-
ßfpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv?
˛ c≠p NnX-ß-fp-tSbpw Bhn-jvI-c-
W-coXn F]-Im-c-amWv?
c≠p NnX-ßsfbpw Xmc -Xayw
sNbvXp-sIm≠v Ip´nIƒ \nK-a-\-߃
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Ah-bpsS kmay- -hy-
Xym-k-߃ Is≠-Ø-s´. \nco-£-W-
߃ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.
tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠-Xv:
˛ ssI∏mSv tUmIyp-sa‚dn NnXhpw
tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m IYm-Nn-Xhpw
BWv.
˛ ssI∏mSv ]cn-ÿnXn ]m[m-\y-ap≈
NnX-am-Wv. ssI∏mSv \ne-ß-fnse
aÆns‚ ]tXy-I-X-I-sfbpw Ahn-
SsØ Irjn-co-Xn-I-sfbpw ssPhnI
temI-Øns‚ ]c-kv]-cm-in-X-Xz-
sØbpw EPp-hmbpw efn-X-ambpw
NnXw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p. ssI∏mSv
\ne-ß-fpsS bmYm¿YysØ kwhn-
[m-b-I≥ `mh-\-bp-sStbm sshIm-
cn -I-X-bp-sStbm ]´n¬ s]mXn-
bmsX AXp-t]mse ]I¿Øp-∂p.
˛ tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m Hcp IYm-Nn-X-am-
Wv. Akv\ F∂ ImgvN-bn-√mØ
s]¨Ip-´n-bpsS A\p-`-h-tem-I-
amWv kwhn-[m-bnI Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv. F¶nepw NnX-Øns‚ ][m\
]tab]cn-kcw ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-amb
Bi-¶-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. KmaoW
]Ir-Xn-sbbpw ssPh-L-S-\-sbbpw
XI¿sØ-dn™v \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS
b¥-ss°-Iƒ apt∂-dp-∂-Xn-ep≈
DXvI-WvT-bmWv kwhn-[m-bnI ]¶p-
h-bv°p-∂-Xv.
-˛ \mw t]mep-a-dn-bmsX \ΩpsS Imen-
\-Sn-bnse aÆmWv Hen-®p-t]m-Ip-
∂Xv F∂ BIp-eX c≠p NnX-
ß-fnepw ]Xy-£-ambn apg-ß-p∂p-
≠v.
i_vZ-hn-h-cWw Xbm-dm-°¬
B[m-c-NnX (tUmIyp-sa‚-dn) \n¿am-
W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn hcp∂ H∂mWv
i_vZ-hn-h-cWw (Ia‚-dn) Xbm-dm-°¬.
tUmIyp-sa‚dn kvIn]v‰v Xbm-dm-°p-∂-
Xn-te°v hnI-kn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv Cu
]h¿Ø-\w. kaq -l-Øns‚i≤-
bn¬hc-W-sa∂p tXm∂p∂ GXm\pw
hnj-b-߃ BZyw sXc-s™-Sp-°-Ww.
DZm:
˛ Ip∂n-Sn-°¬
˛ hb¬ \nI-ج
˛ πmÃnIv amen-\y-߃ hen-s®-dn-
b¬
130 lb¿ sk°‚dn
˛ ]pgaen-\o-I-cWw
˛ h¿[n-®p-h-cp∂ tdmU-]-I-S-߃
˛ ]md-∏p-dsØ ssPh-ssh-hn[yw
˛ I≠¬°m-Sp-Iƒ
sXc-s™-SpØ hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v
Bg-Øn-ep≈ ]T\w \S-Ø-emWv
c≠mw L´w. aq∂p Xc-Øn-emWv CXn-
\p≈ Kth-jWw \S-°p-I.
1. A®-Sn-h-kvXp-°ƒ (]pkvX-Iw, ]X-
߃, hmcn-I-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh) D]-
tbm-Kn-®v.
2. A`n-apJw hgn ˛ hnZ-Kv≤-cp-ambn
apJm-apJw \S-Øn.
3. ^o¬Uv dnk¿®v : hnj-b-hp-ambn
_‘-s∏´ ÿew kµ¿in®v
t\cn v hnh-c-߃ a\-n-em-°¬.
e`n® ]pXnb Adn-hp-I-fn¬\n∂v Bh-
iy-am-bXv D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv i_vZ-hn-h-
cWw Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xv. AXn-\p-apºv
GsXms° Zriy-ß-fmWv NnXo-I-cn-
t°-≠-sX∂pw Ah-bpsS ka-b-
ssZ¿Ly-sa-X-sb∂pw Xocp-am-\n-°-
Ww. D]-\ym-k-Øn¬ JfinI Xncn-
°pw-t]mse Bi-b-ßsf Iao-I-cn®v
AXn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb Zriy-ßsf hn\y-
kn-°mw. Chsb koIz≥kp-I-sf-∂mWv
hnfn-°m-dv.
Zriy-ß-fpsS GXm\pw koIz≥kp-Iƒ
Fgp-Xn-b-tijw i_vZ-hn-h-cWw Xbm-
dm-°mw. i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-߃.
˛ Zriy-߃°v ]qc-I-ambn hcWw
i_vZ-hn-h-c-Ww.
˛ Zriy-ß-fp-ambn AXn\v _‘-ap-≠m-
I-Ww.
˛ F∂m¬ Zriy-ß-fpsS Bh¿Ø-\-
ambn amd-cp-Xv.
˛ Zriy-߃ kzbw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-
h-bm-Wv. AXn\p ]pd-Øp≈ Iq´n-
t®¿°-ep-I-fm-bmWv i_vZ-hn-h-
cWw amtd-≠-Xv.
˛ ]c-am-h[n sNdnb hmIy-ßfpw efn-
X-amb `mjbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.
˛ t]£-I¿°v ]pXnb Adnthm Xncn-
®-dnthm \¬Im-\p-X-Ip∂ Bi-b-
߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ i≤n-°-Ww.
˛ ssI∏mSv F∂ tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-bn¬
Zriy-߃°-\p-k-cn®v i_vZ-hn-h-
cWw Xbm-dm-°nb coXn i≤n-
®m¬ C°m-cy -Øn¬ sXfn®w
In´pw.
Xbm-dm-°nb kvIn]v‰v (Zriy-߃ +
Zriy-hn-h-cWw) s\ B[m-c-am°n Ip´n-
Iƒ kz¥-ambn tUmIyp-sa‚dn \n¿an-
°p-∂-Xn-te°pw Cu ]h¿Ø-\sØ
hf¿Øn - sb - S p -°m -h p -∂ -Xm -W v .
hoUntbm Iyma-dtbm samss_¬
t^m¨ Iyma-dtbm Hs° D]-tbm-Kn®v
CXns‚ jq´nßv \S-Ømw. FUn‰v
sNbvXv Bh-iy-amb ]›m-Ø-e-kw-Ko-
Xhpw tN¿Øv BI¿j-I-amb tUmIyp-
sa‚-dn-Iƒ D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°mhp∂-
XmWv.
]c-ky-ßsf hni-I-e\w
sNø¬
kn\n-asb amX-a√ sSen-hn-j≥ ]cn-
]m-Sn-I-sfbpw ]c-ky-ß-sf-bp-sa√mw
So®¿ sSIvÃv 131
hna¿i-\-_p≤ym kao-]n-°m≥ Ip´n-
Isf ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ mK-amWv
Cu ]h¿Ø-\w. ]c-ky-߃ \ΩpsS
A`n-cp-Nn-I-sfbpw kwkvIm-c-sØbpw
\n¿an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ime-am-Wn-Xv.
]ckyw Hcp-Xcw BJym\w Xs∂-bm-
Wv. Npcp-ßnb kabwsIm≠v AsXmcp
IY ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. IYm-]m-X-ßsf
X≈n-am‰n s]mSp-∂s\ D¬∏-∂-߃
s^bnw Iog-S-°p-sa-∂p-am-Xw.
sSen-hn-j-\n¬ hcp∂ ]c-ky-ß-fn¬
GsX-¶nepw Nneh sXc-s™-SpØv
hni-I-e\w sNbvXm¬ AXv ]t£-
]n-°p∂ Bi-b-ß-sf-s¥∂v Xncn-®-dn-
bmw. ]ckyw kq£va-ambn \nco-£n®v
AXns‚ hnhn[ LS-I-ßsf Ip´n-Iƒ
hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´. Hcp tkm∏ns‚ ]c-ky-
am-sW-∂n-cn-°-s´.
˛ AXn-eqsS ]d-bp∂ IY.
˛ IYm-]m-X-߃, Ah-cpsS ]hr-
Øn-Iƒ
˛ thj-hn-[m\w
˛ kw`m-jWw/]c-ky-hm-NIw
˛ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Zriy-h-kvXp°ƒ
(properties)
˛ ]›m-Ø-e-Zr-iy-߃
˛ Zriy-hn-\ym-k-coXn
˛ ]›m-Ø-e-kw-KoXw
˛ ]t£-]n-°p∂ Bibw P\m-[n-]-
Xy-]-c-amb kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-Øn\v
A]-I-S-I-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂pt≠m?
XpS-ßn-bh ap≥\n¿Øn hni-I-e\w
sNbvXv Ipdn-s∏-gp-X-s´. DZm: ]tXyI
_m‚ v tkm∏v tX®p-Ip-fn-®m¬ shfp-
°pw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ A¿Y-an-√m-
bva.
-˛ shfp-∏mWv kuµ-cy-sa∂pw al-
Ømb \nd-sa∂pw ÿm]n-°p-
tºmƒ a‰p \nd-°m¿°p-≠m-Ip∂
A]-I¿j--t_m-[w.
˛ h¿W-hn-th-N-\-Øn-te°v \bn-°m-
hp∂ PohnX ho£Ww cq]-s∏-S¬.
˛ P∑\m In´p∂ \ndw XpS-ßnb
Imcy-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n a\p-
jy-cpsS alXzw \n›-bn-°p-∂-
Xnse P\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-cp-≤-X.
˛ kvXoico-csØ shdpw ssewKnI
hkvXp-hm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-
Xns‚ A]-S-I-߃ F∂n-ßs\
]c-ky-hn-i-I-e-\sØ hnI-kn-∏n-
°mw.
Ne-®n-X-taf
"ImgvN' F∂ bqWn-‰nse ][m\
]h¿Ø-\-ambn Cu Ne-®n-X-ta-fsb
ImW-Ww.
Ne-®n-X-ta-f-bpsS kwLm-S\w Ip´n-
Iƒ Xs∂ sNøp-∂-Xmhpw DNn-Xw.
]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ NnX-ß-sf-°p-dn®v
Ip´n-I-fp-ambn t\csØ Bi-b-hn-\n-
abw \S-Ø-Ww. Ne-®n-X-ta-fbv°v
Bh-iy-amb t]mÃ-dp-Iƒ, t\m´o-kp-
Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh Ah¿ Xs∂ Xbm-dm-
°-s´.
]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \¬Inb amXr-I-
bn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ a‰v kn\n-a-I-fp-
sSbpw knt\m-]vknkv Xbm-dm-°-s´.
NnX-ß-sf-°p-dn -®p≈ hnh-c-߃
hn°n-]o-Un-b-bn¬ \n∂v tiJ-cn-°mw.
Hmtcm Ne-®n-X-Øn-s‚bpw ]Z¿i-\-
Øn\v apºmbn NnXsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-
132 lb¿ sk°‚dn
®p -sIm≠pw IYm-kq -N\ \¬In -
s°m≠pw Ip´n-Iƒ BapJ `mjWw
\S-Ø-s´. kn\n-a-bpsS ]ta-bw, e`n®
]pc-kvIm-c-߃, ][m\ kmt¶-Xn-I-
]-h¿Ø-I¿ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈
hnh-c-߃ C‚¿s\-‰n¬\n∂pw tiJ-
cn-°-s´.
taf-bn¬ hyXykvX hn`m-K-ß-fn¬s∏´
NnX-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. IYm-Nn-X-
߃, tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Iƒ, A\n-ta-j≥
kn\n-a-Iƒ, lkz-Nn-X-߃ apX-em-b-
h-bpsS ]mXn-\n[yw Dd-∏m-°-Ww.
]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ F√m NnX-ßfpw
A[ym-]nI ap≥Iq´n ImWp-I-bpw DØ-
c-hm-Zn-Xz-]q¿W-amb Bkzm-Z\w Dd-∏n-
°p -∂-Xn -\mbn Ip´n -Iƒ°v Nne
]h¿Ø-\-߃ \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw.
Ne-®n-X-Øns‚ tIµ ]tabw Xncn-
®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ tNmZy-ß-tfm N¿®m-
kq-N-I-ßtfm \¬Imw. Ne-®nX
]Z¿i-\-Øn -\p -tijw Ip´n -Iƒ
Ahsb A[n-I-cn-®p≈ N¿®-I-fn¬
G¿s∏-S-s´.
]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ NnX-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈
Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ FSp-°p-Ibpw hy‡n-K-X-
am-bn, anI® NnX-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Bkzm-
Z-\-ßfpw \ncq-]-W-ßfpw FgpXn Xbm-
dm-°p-Ibpw thWw.
]Z¿in-∏n-°m-hp∂ Ne-®n-X-߃
^o®¿ kn\n-a-Iƒ
ss_kn°vƒ Xohvkv ˛
hnIvtSm-dnbm Unko°
]tY¿ ]m©men ˛
kXy-PnXv dmbv
taLm-[-°m-Xmcm ˛
EXznIv L´°v
_dm≥ ˛
aPoZv aPoZn
tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Iƒ
ss\‰v & t^mKv ˛
Ae≥ sds\
ssI∏mSv ˛
_m_p ImºØv
lkz-Nn-X߃
C≥kn-U‚ v A‰v Hmƒ Io°v ˛
tdm_¿t´m F‚nt°m
X´p-sºm-d-Ø-∏≥ ˛
kptZ-h≥
tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m -˛
KoXp taml≥Zmkv
sNbdn tS¬ ˛
t\m¿Ωm≥ aIvtemd≥
A\n-ta-j≥ -Nn-X߃
vfth¿kv & Sokv ˛
hmƒ v Unkv\n
lkz-Nn-X-ßfpw A\n-ta-j-\p-Ifpw bp
Syq_v t]mep≈ hoUntbm ssk‰p-I-
fpsS tkh\w D]-tbm-Kn®v ]Z¿in-∏n-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
hymIcW ]h¿Ø\w
c≠p hmIy-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ hni-I-e\w
sNø-s´.
• Ah≥ ho´n¬ t]mbn.
• Ahs‚ IpS If-™p-t]m-bn.
c≠p hmIy-ß-fn-sebpw Inbm-]-Z-߃
Is≠-Ø-s´.
BZy-hm-Iy-Øn¬ t]mbn F∂-XmWv
Inbm-]-Zw. c≠mw hmIy-Øn¬ If-
™p, t]mbn F∂nßs\ c≠p Inbm-
]-Z-ß-fp-≠-t√m. t]mbn F∂ Inbm-
cq-]-Øn\v c≠p hmIy-ß-fnepw Htc
So®¿ sSIvÃv 133
A¿Y-amtWm D≈Xv?
c≠m-asØ hmIy-Øn¬ t]mbn F∂
]Z-Øn\v Inbm-cq]w Xs∂-bm-sW-
¶nepw Inbm¿Yw kqNn-∏n-°p-I-sb∂
[¿a-a√ Ahn-sS-bp-≈-Xv. If™p F∂
Inb-bpsS A¿Y-Øn-te°v Nne
A[nI kqN-\-Iƒ Iq´n-t®¿°p-I-
bmWv "t]mbn' sNøp-∂-Xv. F¥mhmw
B A[nI kqN-\-Iƒ? IpS \jvS-am-
bXv Ah≥ Adn-™p-sIm-≠-s√∂
A¿Yw AXn¬ \n∂v In´p-∂p-≠v.
Ah\v AXp-sIm≠v at\m-hn-j-a-ap-
s≠∂ kqN-\bpw AXn -ep -≠v.
Cßs\ Hcp Inbm-]-Z-Øn\v A[n-
Im¿Y-kq -N\ \¬Ip∂Xn\mbn
AXn\p ]n∂mse tN¿°p∂ Inbm-
]-ZsØ A\p-]-tbm-K-sa-∂mWp ]d-bp-
∂-Xv.
""A\p-]-tbm-tKW [mXz¿tYm
_em-Z-\yX \obtX''
F∂v ]amWw. A\p-]-tbmKw sIm≠v
Inbm-[m-Xp-hns‚ A¿Yw as‰m-cn-S-
tØ°v \bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
Cu [mc-W-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ ]mT-
]p-kvX-I-Ønse \mep hmIy-߃
hni-I-e\w sNø-s´.
$ H∂-mwhm-Iy-Øn¬ Inbm-cq-]-amb
\n¿an -°p -I -bmbn F∂-Xns‚
A¿YsØ Ccp∂p F∂ A\p-]-
tbmKw t]mjn -∏n -°p -∂p. B
sNbvXXv \∂m-bn√ F∂ A¿Y-
amWv A\p-]-tbmKw sIm≠v hmIy-
Øn\v h∂p-tN¿∂-Xv.
$ c≠mw hmIy -Øn¬ hchpw
t]m°pw CS-bv°nsS Bh¿Øn®v
kw`-hn®p F∂ ]XoXn e`n-°p-
∂p.
$ Ahƒ BgvN-tXmdpw ho´n¬ t]m-
Ipw. ChnsS Hcp hyXymkw i≤n-
t°-≠-Xp≠v. "t]mIpw' ChnsS
A\p-]-tbm-K-a-√. F¥p-sIm-≠v?
AXn-\p-apºv thsdmcp Inbm-cq-]-
an-√. F¶nepw "t]mIpw' hmIy-
Øn¬ mhy¿Y-kq-N-I-a-√. "tXmdpw'
F∂ hntij i_vZw h∂-Xn-\m¬
hmIy-Øn\v F√m BgvN-bnepw
ho´n¬t]m-Ip-∂Xv Ah-fpsS ioe-
am-sW-∂¿Yw hcp-∂p.
$ \memw hmIy-Øn¬ hcp∂p F∂
Inbm-]Zw A\p-]-tbmKw Xs∂-
bm-Wv. i\n-bm-gvN-Iƒ F∂ _lp-
h-N-\hpw "hcp∂p' F∂ ]tbm-
Khpw H∂n®p h∂-t∏mƒ apS-°-an-
√msX Gsd-°m-e-ambn \S°p-
∂p≠v F∂ A¿Yw In´p-∂p.
Ime-kq-N\mkqN-I-ß-fmb Awi-
߃ Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ hmIy-Øns‚
A¿Y-Øn\v ]pXnb Zni-Iƒ ]I-cp∂p
F∂ t_m[w hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p-≠m-Ip-
∂p.
CØcw `mjm-]-tbm-K-߃ Ah¿
\n¿an-°-s´. Ah-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-
Iƒ hnh-cn-°epw thWw. hnZym¿Yn-
Iƒ Xs∂ Cu ]h¿Ø\w hne-bn-cp-
Ø-s´.
13
4l
b¿ sk
°‚
dn
bqWn‰v s^bnw
bqWn‰v ˛ 2 ImgvN
Bi-b-[m-cW/ss\]pWn ]Inb/]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]T-\-t\ -߃
$ Ne-®n - X -Km -\ -߃°v \ΩpsS
kwkvIm -c -Øn¬ khn -ti-j-amb
ÿm\-ap-≠v.
$ Ne-®n-X-ß-fn¬ Km\-߃°v ]e-hn-[-
Øn-ep≈ ]k‡nbmWp-≈-Xv.
$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-Iƒ kaq-l-Øn¬
krjvSn-°p∂ kzm[o\w hfsc i‡-
amWv.
$ P\-]n-bX krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\v kn\n-
abv°v AXn-t‚-Xmb X¥-ßfpw D]m-
[n-I-fp-ap-≠v.
$ Ne-®n - X-Km -\ -ß-fnse Zriy -߃
]Z¿in -∏n -°p -Ibpw Ah-bnse
kmwkvIm-cnI apZ-I-sf-°p-dn®v N¿®
\S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ Ne-®n-X-Km-\-ß-fpsS ]k-‡n-sbbpw
]m[m-\y-sØbpw Ipdn®v kwhm-Z-ß-
fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂p.
$ hyXykvX P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf A]-
K-Yn®v Ah-bpsS s]mXp kz`m-h-ß-sf-
°p-dn®p kwhm-Z\w \S-Øp-∂p.
$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-fpsS s]mXp-hmb
khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ kq£va-ambn hni-I-
e\w sNøm\pw hna¿i-\m-[n-jvTn-X-
ambn Ahsb t\m°n-°m-Wm-\p-ap≈
]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂p.
$ Zriy -ß-fn¬ sXfn -bp∂
kmwkvIm-cnI apZ-Iƒ Xncn-®-
dn-bp-Ibpw Ahsb hymJym-\n-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ B\p-Im-enI hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-
dn®v [mc-W-Iƒ t\Sp-Ibpw
Ah HNn-Xy-]q¿∆w Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
$ kn\n-abpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-
ep≈ _‘w hni-I--e\w
sNbvXv hnhn[ hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-
fn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂p.
$ Zriy-`m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-
Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-™v Ah hni-Zo-
I-cn-°p-∂p.
So®
¿ sSI
vÃv
13
5Bi-b-[m-cW/ss\]pWn ]Inb/]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]T-\-t\ -߃
$ ¢mknIv kn\n-a-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-
eqsS amXta Db¿∂ Zriy -kw -
kvImcw cq]-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q.
$ F°m-e-sØbpw anI® kn\n-a-bmbn
]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ht´sd LS-I-
߃ ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fn-ep-≠v.
$ kmaq-ln-Im-h-t_m[w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-
Xn¬ lkz, tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\n-a-
Iƒ°v C∂v henb ]m[m-\y-ap-≠v.
$ ]c-ky -߃°v Ah-bp -tS -Xmb
`mjbpw Ah \n¿∆-ln-°p∂ khn-ti-
j-amb [¿Ω-ß-fp-ap-≠v.
$ Ne-®n - X -taf kwL-Sn -∏n -°p -Ibpw
¢mknIv Ne-®n-X-߃ Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
$ ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°ƒ F∂ Ne-
®nXw ImWp-Ibpw \ncq-]-W-߃ hmbn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXv NnX-Øns‚ khn-ti-
j-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v [mcW t\Sp-∂p.
$ lkz-kn-\n-a-Ifpw tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Ifpw
I≠v Ah-bpsS kmaq -lnI
]k‡nsb°p-dn®p N¿® sNøp-∂p.
Ah apt∂m´p sh°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ
ka-Im-enI kaq-l-Øn¬ FX ]k-
‡-am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.
$ Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fnse ]c-ky-߃ hni-I-
e\w Ah F¥p ktµ-i-amWv \¬Ip-
∂Xv F∂v N¿® sNøp-∂p.
$ ¢mknIv kn\n-a-Iƒ Bkz-Zn®v
Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ, \ncq-]-
W-߃ apX-em-bh Xbm-dm-°p-
∂p.
$ ¢mknIv Ne-®n - X -ßsf
kq£va-ambn hne-bn-cpØn khn-
ti-j-X-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
$ lkz, tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\n-a-
I-fpsS ]tabw Xncn-®-dn™v
hnhn[ cN-\-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-
∂p.
$ Zriy-߃ kq£va-ambn hni-I-
e\w sNbvXv Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂
A¿∞-X-e -߃ Is≠Øn
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.